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• Close a tag with no text in lxml

  - by PulpFiction

  I am trying to output a XML file using Python and lxml However, I notice one thing that if a tag has no text, it does not close itself. An example of this would be: root = etree.Element('document') rootTree = etree.ElementTree(root) firstChild = etree.SubElement(root, 'test') The output of this is: <document> <test/> </document I want the output to be: <document> <test> </test> </document> So basically I want to close a tag which has no text, but is used to the attribute value. How do I do that? And also, what is such a tag called? I would have Googled it, but I don't know how to search for it.

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• Encoding gives "'ascii' codec can't encode character … ordinal not in range(128)"

  - by user140314

  I am working through the Django RSS reader project here. The RSS feed will read something like "OKLAHOMA CITY (AP) — James Harden let". The RSS feed's encoding reads encoding="UTF-8" so I believe I am passing utf-8 to markdown in the code snippet below. The em dash is where it chokes. I get the Django error of "'ascii' codec can't encode character u'\u2014' in position 109: ordinal not in range(128)" which is an UnicodeEncodeError. In the variables being passed I see "OKLAHOMA CITY (AP) \u2014 James Harden". The code line that is not working is: content = content.encode(parsed_feed.encoding, "xmlcharrefreplace") I am using markdown 2.0, django 1.1, and python 2.4. What is the magic sequence of encoding and decoding that I need to do to make this work? Thanks.

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• Duplicate an AppEngine Query object to create variations of a filter without affecting the base quer

  - by Steve Mayne

  In my AppEngine project I have a need to use a certain filter as a base then apply various different extra filters to the end, retrieving the different result sets separately. e.g.: base_query = MyModel.all().filter('mainfilter', 123) Then I need to use the results of various sub queries separately: subquery1 = basequery.filter('subfilter1', 'xyz') #Do something with subquery1 results here subquery2 = basequery.filter('subfilter2', 'abc') #Do something with subquery2 results here Unfortunately 'filter()' affects the state of the basequery Query instance, rather than just returning a modified version. Is there any way to duplicate the Query object and use it as a base? Is there perhaps a standard Python way of duping an object that could be used? The extra filters are actually applied by the results of different forms dynamically within a wizard, and they use the 'running total' of the query in their branch to assess whether to ask further questions. Obviously I could pass around a rudimentary stack of filter criteria, but I'd rather use the Query itself if possible, as it adds simplicity and elegance to the solution.

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• django + xmppy: send a message to two recipients

  - by Agrajag

  I'm trying to use xmpppy for sending jabber-messages from a django-website. This works entirely fine. However, the message only gets sent to the -first- of the recipients in the list. This happens when I run the following function from django, and also if I run it from an interactive python-shell. The weird part though, is that if I extract the -body- of the function and run that interactively, then all the recipients (there's just 2 at the moment) get the message. Also, I do know that the inner for-loop gets run the correct count times (2), because the print-statement does run twice, and return two different message-ids. The function looks like this: def hello_jabber(request, text): jid=xmpp.protocol.JID(settings.JABBER_ID) cl=xmpp.Client(jid.getDomain(),debug=[]) con=cl.connect() auth=cl.auth(jid.getNode(),settings.JABBER_PW,resource=jid.getResource()) for friend in settings.JABBER_FRIENDS: id=cl.send(xmpp.protocol.Message(friend,friend + ' is awesome:' + text)) print 'sent message with id ' + str(id) cl.disconnect() return render_to_response('jabber/sent.htm', locals())

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• How to find full module path of a class to import in other file

  - by Pooya

  I have method that returns module path of given class name def findModulePath(path, className): attributes = [] for root, dirs, files in os.walk(path): for source in (s for s in files if s.endswith(".py")): name = os.path.splitext(os.path.basename(source))[0] full_name = os.path.splitext(source)[0].replace(os.path.sep, '.') m = imp.load_module(full_name, *imp.find_module(name, [root])) try: attr = getattr(m, className) attributes.append(attr) except: pass if len(attributes) <= 0: raise Exception, "Class %s not found" % className for element in attributes: print "%s.%s" % (element.__module__, className) but it does not return the full path of the module, For example I have a python file named "objectmodel" in objects package,and it contains a Model class, So I call findModulePath(MyProjectPath,"Model"). it prints objectmodel.Model but I need objects.objectmodel.Model

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• Avoid IF statement after condition has been met

  - by greye

  I have a division operation inside a cycle that repeats many times. It so happens that in the first few passes through the loop (more or less first 10 loops) the divisor is zero. Once it gains value, a div by zero error is not longer possible. I have an if condition to test the divisor value in order to avoid the div by zero, but I am wondering that there is a performance impact that evaluating this if will have for each run in subsequent loops, especially since I know it's of no use anymore. How should this be coded? in Python?

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• reinitialize an object with self.__init__(...)

  - by Kara Jevo

  Could anybody explain whether it is safe to reinitialize an object by calling "self.init(". as shown in the following simplified example? The reason i'm asking is that i couldn't find this method neither in several python books nor in internet. There are some who suggest to list all attributes and set them to initial value one by one. Basically i want to set my object to initial state after it has finished some tasks. class Book(object): def __init__(self,name,author): self.name = name self.author = author self.copies = 5 def reset(self): self.__init__(self.name,self.author) def incrementCopy(self): self.copies += 1 Kite = Book('kite runner','khaled hosseini') print 'initial number of copies:', Kite.copies Kite.incrementCopy() Kite.incrementCopy() Kite.incrementCopy() print '3 copies are added:', Kite.copies Kite.reset() print 'number of copies are reinitialized', Kite.copies initial number of copies: 5 3 copies are added: 8 number of copies are reinitialized 5

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• Unittest and mock

  - by user1410756

  I'm testing with unittest in python and it's ok. Now, I have introduced mock and I need to resolve a question. This is my code: from mock import Mock import unittest class Matematica(object): def __init__(self, op1, op2): self.op1 = op1 self.op2 = op2 def adder(self): return self.op1 + self.op2 def subs(self): return abs(self.op1 - self.op2) def molt(self): return self.op1 * self.op2 def divid(self): return self.op1 / self.op2 class TestMatematica(unittest.TestCase): """Test della classe Matematica""" def testing(self): """Somma""" mat = Matematica(10,20) self.assertEqual(mat.adder(),30) """Sottrazione""" self.assertEqual(mat.subs(),10) class test_mock(object): def __init__(self, matematica): self.matematica = matematica def execute(self): self.matematica.adder() self.matematica.adder() self.matematica.subs() if __name__ == "__main__": result = unittest.TextTestRunner(verbosity=2).run(TestMatematica('testing')) a = Matematica(10,20) b = test_mock(a) b.execute() mock_foo = Mock(b.execute)#return_value = 'rafa') mock_foo() print mock_foo.called print mock_foo.call_count print mock_foo.method_calls This code is functionally and result of print is: True, 1, [] . Now, I need to count how many times are called self.matematica.adder() and self.matematica.subs() . THANKS

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• Converting datetime.ctime() values to Unicode

  - by Malcolm

  I would like to convert datetime.ctime() values to Unicode. Using Python 2.6.4 running under Windows I can set my locale to Spanish like below: import locale locale.setlocale(locale.LC_ALL, 'esp' ) Then I can pass %a, %A, %b, and %B to ctime() to get day and month names and abbreviations. import datetime dateValue = datetime.date( 2010, 5, 15 ) dayName = dateValue.strftime( '%A' ) dayName 's\xe1bado' How do I convert the 's\xe1bado' value to Unicode? Specifically what encoding do I use? I'm thinking I might do something like the following, but I'm not sure this is the right approach. codePage = locale.getdefaultlocale()[ 1 ] dayNameUnicode = unicode( dayName, codePage ) dayNameUnicode u's\xe1bado' Malcolm

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• looking for a set union find algorithm

  - by Mig

  I have thousands of lines of 1 to 100 numbers, every line define a group of numbers and a relationship among them. I need to get the sets of related numbers. Little Example: If I have this 7 lines of data T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 T1 T5 T4 T3 T4 I need a not so slow algorith to know that the sets here are: T1 T2 T6 (because T1 is related with T2 in the first line and T1 related with T6 in the line 5) T3 T4 T5 (because T5 is with T4 in line 6 and T3 is with T4 in line 7) but when you have very big sets is painfully slow to do a search of a T(x) in every big set, and do unions of sets... etc. Do you have a hint to do this in a not so brute force manner? I'm trying to do this in python. Thanks

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• How to wrap Plone authentication around a third-party servlet?

  - by smocking

  We're using Plone to serve up some third-party middle-ware. Unfortunately the middle-ware has a particular servlet that gets invoked from a Java applet and doesn't do any kind of authentication. I would like to firewall this off and somehow wrap authentication around it, preferably using the existing session that users will have on Plone. My first idea was to configure nginx (which we're using as the reverse proxy) to check the cookie and only proxy if the user has a valid session (along the lines of this example). However, how to check the session ID against Plone, since it's all stored in the Zope database? Alternatively we could have a Plone python script that basically passes everything along to the back-end after authenticating, but I'm not sure how to do that. Any suggestions? Or alternative ideas?

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• Are mathamatical Algorithms protected by copyright

  - by analogy

  I wish to implement an algorithm which i read in a journal paper in my software (commercial). I want to know if this is allowed or not. The algorithm in question is described in http://arxiv.org/abs/0709.2938 It is a very simple algorithm and a number of implementations exist in python (http://igraph.sourceforge.net/) and java. One of them is in gpl another which i got from a different researcher and had no license attached. There are significant differences in two implementations, e.g. second one uses threads and multiple cores. It is possible to rewrite/ (not translate) the algorithm. So can I use it in my software or on a server for commercial purpose. Thanks

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• Multiplying Block Matrices in Numpy

  - by Ada Xu

  Hi Everyone I am python newbie I have to implement lasso L1 regression for a class assignment. This involves solving a quadratic equation involving block matrices. minimize x^t * H * x + f^t * x where x 0 Where H is a 2 X 2 block matrix with each element being a k dimensional matrix and x and f being a 2 X 1 vectors each element being a k dimension vector. I was thinking of using nd arrays. such that np.shape(H) = (2, 2, k, k) np.shape(x) = (2, k) But I figured out that np.dot(X, H) doesn't work here. Is there an easy way to solve this problem? Thanks in advance.

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• Using Property Builtin with GAE Datastore's Model

  - by ejel

  I want to make attributes of GAE Model properties. The reason is for cases like to turn the value into uppercase before storing it. For a plain Python class, I would do something like: Foo(db.Model): def get_attr(self): return self.something def set_attr(self, value): self.something = value.upper() if value != None else None attr = property(get_attr, set_attr) However, GAE Datastore have their own concept of Property class, I looked into the documentation and it seems that I could override get_value_for_datastore(model_instance) to achieve my goal. Nevertheless, I don't know what model_instance is and how to extract the corresponding field from it. Is overriding GAE Property classes the right way to provides getter/setter-like functionality? If so, how to do it? Added: One potential issue of overriding get_value_for_datastore that I think of is it might not get called before the object was put into datastore. Hence getting the attribute before storing the object would yield an incorrect value.

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• Google App Engine Database Index

  - by fjsj

  I need to store a undirected graph in a Google App Engine database. For optimization purposes, I am thinking to use database indexes. Using Google App Engine, is there any way to define the columns of a database table to create its index? I will need some optimization, since my app uses this stored undirected graph on a content-based filtering for item recommendation. Also, the recommender algorithm updates the weights of some graph's edges. If it is not possible to use database indexes, please suggest another method to reduce query time for the graph table. I believe my algorithm does more data retrieval operations from graph table than write operations. PS: I am using Python.

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• Web programming: Apache modules: mod_python vs mod_php

  - by Olivier Pons

  Hi! I've been using for more than 12 years PHP with Apache (a.k.a mod_php) for my web development work. I've recenlty discovered python and its real power (I still don't understand why this is not always the best product that becomes the most famous). I've just discovered mod_python for Apache. I've already googled but without success things like mod_python vs mod_php. I wanted to know the differences between the two mod_php and mod_python in terms of: speed productivity maintainance (I know `python is most productive and maintainable language in the world, but is it the same for Web programming with Apache) availability of features e.g, cookies and session handling, databases, protocols, etc.

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• Django 1.2 crash course needed

  - by delusionalweekendwarrior

  I know Python but I've never used Django. What do I need to know about Django 1.2 to port my typical PHP CRUD web application in one weekend? (Yes I've read Joel Spolsky's Netscape article :-)) I'm reading this tutorial right now and it's excellent. I'm already playing around with inspectdb to generate my models from the existing schema. I'm planning to use the following features of Django this weekend: Fragment caching Static asset versioning (for far future expires) Schema migrations (or whatever they're called in Django) Auto-admin (and customize it later) The test framework ...other stuff I probably don't know about yet I'm familiar with all these concepts in other languages/frameworks, except for the ORM which I've never used. I know SQL pretty well though. Any links, sage bits of advice, gotchas, stuff not mentioned in the (excellent) tutorial/docs, or stuff that is mentioned but warrants repeating == very welcome. Thanks!

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• Dynamic resize with MPlayer and PyGTK

  - by alex

  Hi everyone; I've wrote a piece of code in python and pygtk for an embeded mplayer in a gui. I assume I use GtkSocket and the slave mode of mplayer with the -wid option. But I've got an issue, when the size of my GTK window is smaller than my stream, the stream appears to be cropped. And when the size of my window is bigger than my stream, the stream appear centred inside the widget which embed MPlayer. (a gtk.Frame but I've also try with a gtk.DrawingArea) I would like to know how I can get my stream resize dynamically depending on the window's size. I don't want to use Glade or any GUI builder. Thanks in advance for any help, and please excuse my poor english.

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• Launching browser within CherryPy

  - by Alan Harris-Reid

  I have a html page displayed using... cherrypy.quickstart(ShowHTML(htmlfile), config=configfile) Once the page is loaded (eg. initiated via. the command 'python mypage.py'), I would like to automatically launch the browser to display the page (eg. via. http://localhost/8000). Is there any way I can achieve this (eg. via. a hook within CherryPy), or do I have to call-up the browser manually (eg. by double-clicking an icon)? TIA Alan

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• Obtain Latitude and Longitude from a GeoTIFF File

  - by Mikee

  Using GDAL in Python, how do you get the latitude and longitude of a GeoTIFF file? GeoTIFF's do not appear to store any coordinate information. Instead, they store the XY Origin coordinates. However, the XY coordinates do not provide the latitude and longitude of the top left corner and bottom left corner. It appears I will need to do some math to solve this problem, but I don't have a clue on where to start. What procedure is required to have this performed? I know that the GetGeoTransform() method is important for this, however, I don't know what to do with it from there.

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• Regex for finding valid sphinx fields

  - by mlissner

  I'm trying to validate that the fields given to sphinx are valid, but I'm having difficulty. Imagine that valid fields are cat, mouse, dog, puppy. Valid searches would then be: @cat search terms @(cat) search terms @(cat, dog) search term @cat searchterm1 @dog searchterm2 @(cat, dog) searchterm1 @mouse searchterm2 So, I want to use a regular expression to find terms such as cat, dog, mouse in the above examples, and check them against a list of valid terms. Thus, a query such as: @(goat) Would produce an error because goat is not a valid term. I've gotten so that I can find simple queries such as @cat with this regex: (?:@)([^( ]*) But I can't figure out how to find the rest. I'm using python & django, for what that's worth.

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• How do you PEP 8-name a class whose name is an acronym?

  - by Arrieta

  I try to adhere to the style guide for Python code (also known as PEP 8). Accordingly, the preferred way to name a class is using CamelCase: Almost without exception, class names use the CapWords convention. Classes for internal use have a leading underscore in addition. How can I be consistent with PEP 8 if my class name is formed by two acronyms (which in proper English should be capitalized). For instance, if my class name was 'NASA JPL', what would you name it?: class NASAJPL(): # 1 class NASA_JPL(): # 2 class NasaJpl(): # 3 I am using #1, but it looks weird; #3 looks weird too, and #2 seems to violate PEP 8. Thoughts?

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• My next programming Language

  - by Betamoo

  Currently I can program in: C#, C++, JAVA and PHP. The next summer, I intend to start learning a new language. Can you help me suggesting what must I start reading about? I heard about Perl, Python and Lisp.. but I do not know if any of them will worth more than what I already got in my other languages.. Also please mention how much your suggest language is demanded in career market.. I do not want to learn an obsolete language.. Thanks

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• Configurator Scan not picking up views

  - by mxmissile

  New to Py and Python. I'm trying to get pyramid Configurator scan to find my views, but I seem to be missing something, it's not picking up my "view" index here are my files: app.py from wsgiref.simple_server import make_server from pyramid.config import Configurator if __name__ == '__main__': config = Configurator() config.add_route('home', '/') config.scan() app = config.make_wsgi_app() server = make_server('0.0.0.0', 6543, app) server.serve_forever() and index.py from pyramid.view import view_config from pyramid.response import Response @view_config(route_name='home') def index(request): print'Incoming request' return Response('<body><h1>Home</h1></body>') Its returning a 404. However, if I remove config.scan() and add the view manually it works fine. from wsgiref.simple_server import make_server from pyramid.config import Configurator from index import index if __name__ == '__main__': config = Configurator() config.add_route('home', '/') config.add_view(index, route_name='home')

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• Pass logger instance to class

  - by mridang

  Hi Guys, I'm using a open-source Python library in my project. This library logs a lot of information using the logging class. ...but I can't see the output or log it to file. I know that i would have to create a logger instance and add a file-handler or a console-handler to it but how can i pass this logger instance to the class? Here's the init snippet of the class that I'm going to be using. class Periscope: ''' Main Periscope class''' def __init__(self): self.config = ConfigParser.SafeConfigParser({"lang": "en"}) if is_local: self.config_file = os.path.join(bd.xdg_config_home, "periscope", "config") if not os.path.exists(self.config_file): folder = os.path.dirname(self.config_file) if not os.path.exists(folder): logging.info("Creating folder %s" %folder) os.mkdir(folder) logging.info("Creating config file") configfile = open(self.config_file, "w") self.config.write(configfile) configfile.close() else: #Load it self.config.read(self.config_file) self.pluginNames = self.listExistingPlugins() self._preferedLanguages = None Any help? Thanks guys.

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