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  • How do you differentiate between "box," "machine," "computer" and whatever else?

    - by Corey
    There seems to be a few terms for referring to a computer, especially in the tech world. Different terms seem to be used based on technical expertise. When talking with people with some technical knowledge, I'll refer to it as a machine. When talking to non-technical people (family, friends) I'll call it a computer. On the rare occasion I'm talking about servers, I might call it a box, but even then I'll probably still call it a machine. Is that just me, or do there exist rules already for what to call a computer?

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  • Chrome Web Browser Messages: Some Observations

    - by ultan o'broin
    I'm always on the lookout for how different apps handle errors and what kind of messages are shown (I probably need to get out more), I use this 'research' to reflect on our own application error messages patterns and guidelines and how we might make things better for our users in future. Users are influenced by all sorts of things, but their everyday experiences of technology, and especially what they encounter on the internet, increasingly sets their expectations for the enterprise user experience too. I recently came across a couple of examples from Google's Chrome web browser that got me thinking. In the first case, we have a Chrome error about not being able to find a web page. I like how simple, straightforward messaging language is used along with an optional ability to explore things a bit further--for those users who want to. The 'more information' option shows the error encountered by the browser (or 'original' error) in technical terms, along with an error number. Contrasting the two messages about essentially the same problem reveals what's useful to users and what's not. Everyone can use the first message, but the technical version of the message has to be explicitly disclosed for any more advanced user to pursue further. More technical users might search for a resolution, using that Error 324 number, but I imagine most users who see the message will try again later or check their URL again. Seems reasonable that such an approach be adopted in the enterprise space too, right? Maybe. Generally, end users don't go searching for solutions based on those error numbers, and help desk folks generally prefer they don't do so. That's because of the more critical nature of enterprise data or the fact that end users may not have the necessary privileges to make any fixes anyway. What might be more useful here is a link to a trusted source of additional help provided by the help desk or reputable community instead. This takes me on to the second case, this time more closely related to the language used in messaging situations. Here, I first noticed by the using of the (s) approach to convey possibilities of there being one or more pages at the heart of the problem. This approach is a no-no in Oracle style terms (the plural would be used) and it can create translation issues (though it is not a show-stopper). I think Google could have gone with the plural too. However, of more interest is the use of the verb "kill", shown in the message text and as an action button label. For many writers, words like "kill" and "abort" are to be avoided as they can give offense. I am not so sure about that judgment, as really their use cannot be separated from the context. Certainly, for more technical users, they're fine and have been in use for years, so I see no reason to avoid these terms if the audience has accepted them. Most end users too, I think would find the idea of "kill" usable and may even use the term in every day speech. Others might disagree--Apple uses a concept of Force Quit, for example. Ultimately, the only way to really know how to proceed is to research these matter by asking users of differing roles and expertise to perform some tasks, encounter these messages and then make recommendations based on those findings for our designs. Something to do in 2011!

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  • What are Web runtime environments and programming languages

    - by Bradly Spicer
    I've been looking into the details behind these two different categories: Web runtime environments Web application programming languages I believe I have the correct information and have phrased it correctly but I am unsure. I have been searching for a while but only find snippets of information or what I can see as useless information (I could be wrong). Here are my descriptions so far: Web runtime environments - A Run-time environment implements part of the core behaviour of any computer language and allows it to be modified via an API or embedded domain-specific language. A web runtime environment is similar except it uses web based languages such as Java-script which utilises the core behaviour a computer language. Another example of a Run-time environment web language is JsLibs which is a standable JavaScript development runtime environment for using JavaScript as a general all round scripting language. JavaScript is often used to create responsive interfaces which improve the user experience and provide dynamic functionality without having to wait for the server to react and direct to another page. Web application programming languages - A web application program language is something that mimics a traditional desktop application within a web page. For example, using PHP you can create forms and tables which use a database similar to that of Microsoft Excel. Some of the other languages for web application programming are: Ajax Perl Ruby Here are some of the resources used: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_application_development http://code.google.com/p/jslibs/ I would like some confirmation that the descriptions I have created are correct as I am still slightly unsure as to whether I have hit the nail on the head.

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  • 32-bit / 64-bit processors - what is that feature officially called?

    - by JW01
    I see talk of CPU's being either 32-bit or 64-bit processors. Information which is often required on download pages But what is that feature officially called. i.e What's the inverse of saying "I have a 64-bit processor"? I want to say: The ??? of my processor is 64 bit What is the correct term to use for ??? I have looked at a random product on the Intel site and I suspect the correct word for this is "Instruction Set", but I'm not sure.

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  • What are algorithmic paradigms?

    - by Vaibhav Agarwal
    We generally talk about paradigms of programming as functional, procedural, object oriented, imperative etc but what should I reply when I am asked the paradigms of algorithms? For example are Travelling Salesman Problem, Dijkstra Shortest Path Algorithm, Euclid GCD Algorithm, Binary search, Kruskal's Minimum Spanning Tree, Tower of Hanoi paradigms of algorithms? Should I answer the data structures I would use to design these algorithms?

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  • Is Google Closure a true compiler?

    - by James Allardice
    This question is inspired by the debate in the comments on this Stack Overflow question. The Google Closure Compiler documentation states the following (emphasis added): The Closure Compiler is a tool for making JavaScript download and run faster. It is a true compiler for JavaScript. Instead of compiling from a source language to machine code, it compiles from JavaScript to better JavaScript. However, Wikipedia gives the following definition of a "compiler": A compiler is a computer program (or set of programs) that transforms source code written in a programming language (the source language) into another computer language... A language rewriter is usually a program that translates the form of expressions without a change of language. Based on that, I would say that Google Closure is not a compiler. But the fact that Google explicitly state that it is in fact a "true compiler" makes me wonder if there's more to it. Is Google Closure really a JavaScript compiler?

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  • What's the term for re-implementing an old API in terms of a newer API

    - by dodgy_coder
    The reason for doing it is to solve the case when a newer API is no longer backwards compatible with an older API. To explain, just say that there is an old API v1.0. The maker of this API decides it is broken and works on a new API v1.1 that intentionally breaks compatibility with the old API v1.0. Now, any programs written against the old API cannot be recompiled as-is with the new API. Then lets say there is a large app written against the old API and the developer doesn't have access to the source code. A solution would be to re-implement a "custom" old API v1.0 in terms of the new API v1.1 calls. So the "custom" v1.0 API is actually keeping the same interface/methods as the v1.0 API but inside its implementation it is actually making calls to the new API v1.1 methods. So the large app can be then compiled and linked against the "custom" v1.0 API and the new v1.1 API without any major source code changes. Is there a term for this practice? There's a recent example of this happening in Jamie Zawinski's port of XScreenSaver to the iPhone - he re-implemented the OpenGL 1.3 API in terms of the OpenGL ES 1.1 API. In this case, OpenGL 1.3 represents the "old" API and OpenGL ES 1.1 represents the "new" API.

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  • Are there examples of non CRUD approaches?

    - by Pieter B
    I'm a programmer but also have worked as an archivist. As archivist it's a lot about keeping data. I often get into arguments with colleagues when it comes to operations on data. I don't like the U and the D in CRUD too much. Rather then update a record I prefer to add a new one and have a reference to the old record. That way you build a history of changes. I also don't like deleting records but rather mark them as inactive. Is there a term for this? Basically only creating and reading data? Are there examples of this approach?

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  • Buzzword for "performance-aware" software development

    - by errantlinguist
    There seems to be an overabundance of buzzwords for software development styles and methodologies: Agile development, extreme programming, test-driven development, etc... well, is there any sort of buzzword for "performance-aware" development? By "performance awareness", I don't necessarily mean low-latency or low-level programming, although the former would logically fall under the blanket term I'm looking for. I mean development in which resources are recognised to be finite and so there is a general emphasis on low computational complexity, good resource management, etc. If I was to be snarky, I would say "good programming", but that doesn't seem to get the message across so well...

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  • Programming knowledge vs. programming logic

    - by Shirish11
    Is there any difference between the two topics? I have seen companies asking for Good Programming knowledge some Good Programming logic. I believe that Programming knowledge is related to knowledge about the language in consideration and Programming logic is problem solving logic using programming (in general). Please correct me if I am wrong. Also what is more important. Edit: Do selection of components for application, designing interfaces validating user inputs fall under programming knowledge or Programming logic? Does programming logic simply imply problem solving, or is there anything else which it should comprise of?

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  • Distinction between API and frontend-backend

    - by Jason
    I'm trying to write a "standard" business web site. By "standard", I mean this site runs the usual HTML5, CSS and Javascript for the front-end, a back-end (to process stuff), and runs MySQL for the database. It's a basic CRUD site: the front-end just makes pretty whatever the database has in store; the backend writes to the database whatever the user enters and does some processing. Just like most sites out there. In creating my Github repositories to begin coding, I've realized I don't understand the distinction between the front-end back-end, and the API. Another way of phrasing my question is: where does the API come into this picture? I'm going to list some more details and then questions I have - hopefully this gives you guys a better idea of what my actual question is, because I'm so confused that I don't know the specific question to ask. Some more details: I'd like to try the Model-View-Controller pattern. I don't know if this changes the question/answer. The API will be RESTful I'd like my back-end to use my own API instead of allowing the back-end to cheat and call special queries. I think this style is more consistent. My questions: Does the front-end call the back-end which calls the API? Or does the front-end just call the API instead of calling the back-end? Does the back-end just execute an API and the API returns control to the back-end (where the back-end acts as the ultimate controller, delegating tasks)? Long and detailed answers explaining the role of the API alongside the front-end back-end are encouraged. If the answer depends on the model of programming (models other than the Model-View-Controller pattern), please describe these other ways of thinking of the API. Thanks. I'm very confused.

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  • Where does the term "Front End" come from?

    - by Richard JP Le Guen
    Where does the term "front-end" come from? Is there a particular presentation/talk/job-posting which is regarded as the first use of the term? Is someone credited with coining the term? The Merriam-Webster entry for "front-end" claims the first known use of the term was 1973 but it doesn't seem to provide details about that first known use. Likewise, the Wikipedia page about front and back ends is fairly low quality, and cites very few sources.

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  • How should I pronounce the :: and -> in PHP?

    - by Renesis
    When I read these lines aloud to someone: $controller->process(); UserManager::getInstance(); How should the -> and :: be pronounced? Reading the characters themselves in cumbersome and I don't know of any nicknames for them. Being a developer who is used to C-style syntax, I'd like to say "dot", but I'd like something that is easy to say and people can easily understand. It would also be good to know if there are any pronunciations that have become de-facto standards among teams of developers.

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  • OUAB Europe Globalization Topics

    - by ultan o'broin
    Pleased to announce that the Oracle Usability Advisory Board has added a globalization workgroup for 2011. This will be headed up my myself. The aims of this workgroup are: To understand how our customers use translated versions of applications To identify key international support, translation and localization-related usability issues in deployed applications To make recommendations to Oracle usability and development teams about meeting global customer usability requirements in current and future versions of our applications. Issues include: How international users use applications when working, ethnography opportunities, key cultural impacts on usability; multilingual feature usage, localization of forms and reports, language quality, extensibility, translation of user assistance, user-generated and rich-media content like UPK, and international mobile application opportunities. More details will be available on the usableapps.oracle.com website shortly.

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  • Precising definition of programming paradigm

    - by Kazark
    Wikipedia defines programming paradigm thus: a fundamental style of computer programming which is echoed in the descriptive text of the paradigms tag on this site. I find this a disappointing definition. Anyone who knows the words programming and paradigm could do about that well without knowing anything else about it. There are many styles of computer programming at many level of abstraction; within any given programming paradigm, multiple styles are possible. For example, Bob Martin says in Clean Code (13), Consider this book a description of the Object Mentor School of Clean Code. The techniques and teachings within are the way that we practice our art. We are willing to claim that if you follow these teachings, you will enjoy the benefits that we have enjoyed, and you will learn to write code that is clean and professional. But don't make the mistake of thinking that we are somehow "right" in any absolute sense. Thus Bob Martin is not claiming to have the correct style of Object-Oriented programming, even though he, if anyone, might have some claim to doing so. But even within his school of programming, we might have different styles of formatting the code (K&R, etc). There are many styles of programming at many levels. Sp how can we define programming paradigm rigorously, to distinguish it from other categories of programming styles? Fundamental is somewhat helpful, but not specific. How can we define the phrase in a way that will communicate more than the separate meanings of each of the two words—in other words, how can we define it in a way that will provide additional meaning for someone who speaks English but isn't familiar with a variety of paradigms?

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  • Formal definition for term "pure OO language"?

    - by Yauhen Yakimovich
    I can't think of a better place among SO siblings to pose such a question. Originally I wanted to ask "Is python a pure OO language?" but considering troubles and some sort of discomfort people experience while trying to define the term I decided to start with obtaining a clear definition for the term itself. It would be rather fair to start with correspondence by Dr. Alan Kay, who has coined the term (note the inspiration in biological analogy to cells or other living objects). There are following ways to approach the task: Give a comparative analysis by listing programming languages that exhibits certain properties unique and sufficient to define the term (although Smalltalk and Java are passing examples but IMO this way seems neither really complete or nor fruitful) Give a formal definition (or close to it, e.g. in more academic or mathematical style). Give a philosophical definition that would totally rely on semantical context of concrete language or a priori programming experience (there must be some chance of successful explanation by the community). My current version: "If a certain programing (formal) language that can (grammatically) differentiate between operations and operands as well as infer about the type of each operand whether this type is an object (in sense of OOP) or not then we call such a language an OO-language as long as there is at least one type in this language which is an object. Finally, if all types of the language are also objects we define such language to be pure OO-language." Would appreciate any possible improvement of it. As you can see I just made the definition dependent on the term "object" (often fully referenced as class of objects).

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  • Should I incorporate exit cost into choosing a solution

    - by Mr Happy
    I'm currently choosing between two viable software designs/solutions. Solution 1 is easy to implement, but will lock some data in a propriaty format, and will be hard to change later. Solution 2 is hard to implement, but will be a lot easier to change later on. Should I go YAGNI on this or should I incorporate the exit cost in the decision making? Or asked differently, is the exit cost part of the TCO? I'm thinking of going back to the customer with this to ask wether or not he thinks the exit costs are relevant, but I'd like to know what the community thinks first. P.S. Is exit cost the correct term?

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  • What sort of security method is this called (if it has a name)?

    - by loosebruce
    I have thought of a way of securing access to an application interacting with another application. Using this method Application 1 - "What is the sum of 1+1?" Application 2 - "3" Application 1 - "Access granted" Is this method used a lot, does it have a classification in the programming world? The advantages for me of using this is that I do not have to spend more effort implementing security keys/certificates. Any unauthorized machine trying to interpret it would give the correct result and identify itself as untrusted. What sort of weaknesses are there to doing this?

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  • Difference between bug, defect and flaw

    - by Hossein
    I was reading "Software Security: Building Security In" and in the first chapter I faced with 3 terms: bug, defect and flaw. The author gave a definition for each of them but I couldn't completely understand these. Can someone give me some examples for each term? What is a defect and what is a flaw? I think I know what bug is, a bug is a malfunction of a part of system which produces undesirable result, be it crashing on a wrong input or miscalculating a series of computations. Can someone elaborate more and correct me if I am wrong in this? UPDATE To be more precise in the book I mentioned above, they (the words) are presented in a way to make a distinction, that's why I am asking to know more. In that book there are some examples denoting which sample belongs to what and which category. For example: Buffer overflow is said to be a bug and issues in method overriding (subclassing issues) is being related to flaw category. Again race condition handling issues are considered bugs and Error-handling problems (fails open) are told to be flaws! I want more elaboration on these regards.

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  • What is the equivalent word for "compile" in an interpreted language?

    - by user46874
    (I was encouraged to ask this question here.) In C, we say: GCC compiles foo.c. For interpreters (such as Lua), what is the equivalent verb? The Lua interpreter ____ foo.lua. When I write instructions for users of my Lua script, I often say: Run the interpreter on foo.lua. I think this can be said more succinctly: Interpret (or Translate) foo.lua. but that sounds awkward for some reason (perhaps because I'm unsure of its correctness). I can't really say compile because users may confuse it with the usage of the Lua compiler when I actually mean the Lua interpreter.

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  • What is the precise definition of programming paradigm?

    - by Kazark
    Wikipedia defines programming paradigm thus: a fundamental style of computer programming which is echoed in the descriptive text of the paradigms tag on this site. I find this a disappointing definition. Anyone who knows the words programming and paradigm could do about that well without knowing anything else about it. There are many styles of computer programming at many level of abstraction; within any given programming paradigm, multiple styles are possible. For example, Bob Martin says in Clean Code (13), Consider this book a description of the Object Mentor School of Clean Code. The techniques and teachings within are the way that we practice our art. We are willing to claim that if you follow these teachings, you will enjoy the benefits that we have enjoyed, and you will learn to write code that is clean and professional. But don't make the mistake of thinking that we are somehow "right" in any absolute sense. Thus Bob Martin is not claiming to have the correct style of Object-Oriented programming, even though he, if anyone, might have some claim to doing so. But even within his school of programming, we might have different styles of formatting the code (K&R, etc). There are many styles of programming at many levels. So how can we define programming paradigm rigorously, to distinguish it from other categories of programming styles? Fundamental is somewhat helpful, but not specific. How can we define the phrase in a way that will communicate more than the separate meanings of each of the two words—in other words, how can we define it in a way that will provide additional meaning for someone who speaks English but isn't familiar with a variety of paradigms?

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  • What do you call "X <= $foo <= Y" comparison?

    - by Jakob
    While writing a Perl statement like if ( $foo >= X && $foo <= Y ) yet again, I wondered why many programming languages do not support the more comfortable form if ( X <= $foo <= Y ) and what this is called. I came up with "3-legged comparison" but no results when searching for it. By the way there is also the "element-of-set" form if ( $foo in X..Y ) which I only consider more readable when provided via a short keyword. Is there a term for X <= $foo <= Y comparison? Which languages support it?

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  • Why using the word "mechanism" in CS?

    - by Nick Rosencrantz
    I'm not sure about the usage of the word "mechanism" when in fact most of the time what is meant is an algorithm. For instance there's talk about Java's "thread-scheduling mechanism" - why not call it an algorithm and why borrow a term from mechanics where relations sometimes are the opposites than of computer science? I'm aware that an algorithm is considered a "mechanical solution" but is this really the case in fact when a lot of algorithm don't have mechanical representations for instance a file-sharing network that gets quicker and faster as the usage grows, that would be the reverse of a mechanical structure that would go slower when usage grows.

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  • Is it okay to call exception-triggered debugging "post-mortem debugging"?

    - by cool-RR
    I heard the term "post-mortem debugging", and Wikipedia says it's debugging done after the program has crashed. I often debug Python apps using a debugger that stops execution once an important-enough exception has been raised. Then I can use the debug probe to investigate. Does this count as "post-mortem debugging"? Because the program doesn't really crash. EDIT: If the answer is no, then what name would you use for the kind of debugging that I described?

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  • What common term could be used for Web Services, Windows Services etc

    - by Shamim Hafiz
    My question is primarily concerned with making a CV. Normally under the Language section we list the individual programming Languages we've used. For example, C#, C++, PHP. Under the Platform section we can list the various operating systems and devices. Under which category would Web Services/Windows Services fall? My point is these are not platforms by themselves and surely they aren't a language. Is there any common term that can be used to describe these?

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