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• Multiple, Simultaneous Factories and Protocols in Twisted: Same Service, Different Ports

  - by RichardCroasher

  Greetings, Forum. I'm working on a program in Python that uses Twisted to manage networking. The basis of this program is a TCP service that is to listen for connections on multiple ports. However, instead of using one Twisted factory to handle a protocol object for each port, I am trying to use a separate factory for each port. The reason for this is to force a separation among the groups of clients connecting to the different ports. Unfortunately, it appears that this architecture isn't quite working: clients that connect to one port appear to be available among all the factories (e.g., the protocol class used by each factory includes a 'self.factory.clients.append (self)' statement...instead of adding a given client to just the factory for a particular port, the client is added to all factories), and whenever I shutdown service on one port the listeners on all ports also stop. I've been working with Twisted for a short while, and fear I simply don't fully understand how its factory classes are managed. My question is: is it simply not possible to have multiple, simultaneous instances of the same factory and same protocol in use across different ports (without these instances stepping on each other's toes)?

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• DSA signature verification input

  - by calccrypto

  What is the data inputted into DSA when PGP signs a message? From RFC4880, i found A Signature packet describes a binding between some public key and some data. The most common signatures are a signature of a file or a block of text, and a signature that is a certification of a User ID. im not sure if it is the entire public key, just the public key packet, or some other derivative of a pgp key packet. whatever it is, i cannot get the DSA signature to verify here is a sample im testing my program on: -----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE----- Hash: SHA1 abcd -----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE----- Version: BCPG v1.39 iFkEARECABkFAk0z65ESHGFiYyAodGVzdCBrZXkpIDw+AAoJEC3Jkh8+bnkusO0A oKG+HPF2Qrsth2zS9pK+eSCBSypOAKDBgC2Z0vf2EgLiiNMk8Bxpq68NkQ== =gq0e -----END PGP SIGNATURE----- Dumped from pgpdump.net Old: Signature Packet(tag 2)(89 bytes) Ver 4 - new Sig type - Signature of a canonical text document(0x01). Pub alg - DSA Digital Signature Algorithm(pub 17) Hash alg - SHA1(hash 2) Hashed Sub: signature creation time(sub 2)(4 bytes) Time - Mon Jan 17 07:11:13 UTC 2011 Hashed Sub: signer's User ID(sub 28)(17 bytes) User ID - abc (test key) <> Sub: issuer key ID(sub 16)(8 bytes) Key ID - 0x2DC9921F3E6E792E Hash left 2 bytes - b0 ed DSA r(160 bits) - a1 be 1c f1 76 42 bb 2d 87 6c d2 f6 92 be 79 20 81 4b 2a 4e DSA s(160 bits) - c1 80 2d 99 d2 f7 f6 12 02 e2 88 d3 24 f0 1c 69 ab af 0d 91 -> hash(DSA q bits) and the public key for it is: -----BEGIN PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK----- Version: BCPG v1.39 mOIETTPqeBECALx+i9PIc4MB2DYXeqsWUav2cUtMU1N0inmFHSF/2x0d9IWEpVzE kRc30PvmEHI1faQit7NepnHkkphrXLAoZukAoNP3PB8NRQ6lRF6/6e8siUgJtmPL Af9IZOv4PI51gg6ICLKzNO9i3bcUx4yeG2vjMOUAvsLkhSTWob0RxWppo6Pn6MOg dMQHIM5sDH0xGN0dOezzt/imAf9St2B0HQXVfAAbveXBeRoO7jj/qcGx6hWmsKUr BVzdQhBk7Sku6C2KlMtkbtzd1fj8DtnrT8XOPKGp7/Y7ASzRtBFhYmMgKHRlc3Qg a2V5KSA8PohGBBMRAgAGBQJNM+p5AAoJEC3Jkh8+bnkuNEoAnj2QnqGtdlTgUXCQ Fyvwk5wiLGPfAJ4jTGTL62nWzsgrCDIMIfEG2shm8bjMBE0z6ngQAgCUlP7AlfO4 XuKGVCs4NvyBpd0KA0m0wjndOHRNSIz44x24vLfTO0GrueWjPMqRRLHO8zLJS/BX O/BHo6ypjN87Af0VPV1hcq20MEW2iujh3hBwthNwBWhtKdPXOndJGZaB7lshLJuW v9z6WyDNXj/SBEiV1gnPm0ELeg8Syhy5pCjMAgCFEc+NkCzcUOJkVpgLpk+VLwrJ /Wi9q+yCihaJ4EEFt/7vzqmrooXWz2vMugD1C+llN6HkCHTnuMH07/E/2dzciEYE GBECAAYFAk0z6nkACgkQLcmSHz5ueS7NTwCdED1P9NhgR2LqwyS+AEyqlQ0d5joA oK9xPUzjg4FlB+1QTHoOhuokxxyN =CTgL -----END PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK----- the public key packet of the key is mOIETTPqeBECALx+i9PIc4MB2DYXeqsWUav2cUtMU1N0inmFHSF/2x0d9IWEpVzEkRc30PvmEHI1faQi t7NepnHkkphrXLAoZukAoNP3PB8NRQ6lRF6/6e8siUgJtmPLAf9IZOv4PI51gg6ICLKzNO9i3bcUx4ye G2vjMOUAvsLkhSTWob0RxWppo6Pn6MOgdMQHIM5sDH0xGN0dOezzt/imAf9St2B0HQXVfAAbveXBeRoO 7jj/qcGx6hWmsKUrBVzdQhBk7Sku6C2KlMtkbtzd1fj8DtnrT8XOPKGp7/Y7ASzR in radix 64 i have tried many different combinations of sha1(< some data + 'abcd'),but the calculated value v never equals r, of the signature i know that the pgp implementation i used to create the key and signature is correct. i also know that my DSA implementation and PGP key data extraction program are correct. thus, the only thing left is the data to hash. what is the correct data to be hashed?

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• Python print statement prints nothing with a carriage return

  - by Jonathan Sternberg

  I'm trying to write a simple tool that reads files from disc, does some image processing, and returns the result of the algorithm. Since the program can sometimes take awhile, I like to have a progress bar so I know where it is in the program. And since I don't like to clutter up my command line and I'm on a Unix platform, I wanted to use the '\r' character to print the progress bar on only one line. But when I have this code here, it prints nothing. # Files is a list with the filenames for i, f in enumerate(files): print '\r%d / %d' % (i, len(files)), # Code that takes a long time I have also tried: print '\r', i, '/', len(files), Now just to make sure this worked in python, I tried this: heartbeat = 1 while True: print '\rHello, world', heartbeat, heartbeat += 1 This code works perfectly. What's going on? My understanding of carriage returns on Linux was that it would just move the line feed character to the beginning and then I could overwrite old text that was written previously, as long as I don't print a newline anywhere. This doesn't seem to be happening though. Also, is there a better way to display a progress bar in a command line than what I'm current trying to do?

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• Fastest way to generate delimited string from 1d numpy array

  - by Abiel

  I have a program which needs to turn many large one-dimensional numpy arrays of floats into delimited strings. I am finding this operation quite slow relative to the mathematical operations in my program and am wondering if there is a way to speed it up. For example, consider the following loop, which takes 100,000 random numbers in a numpy array and joins each array into a comma-delimited string. import numpy as np x = np.random.randn(100000) for i in range(100): ",".join(map(str, x)) This loop takes about 20 seconds to complete (total, not each cycle). In contrast, consider that 100 cycles of something like elementwise multiplication (x*x) would take than one 1/10 of a second to complete. Clearly the string join operation creates a large performance bottleneck; in my actual application it will dominate total runtime. This makes me wonder, is there a faster way than ",".join(map(str, x))? Since map() is where almost all the processing time occurs, this comes down to the question of whether there a faster to way convert a very large number of numbers to strings.

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• C++: Is there any good way to read/write without specifically stating character type in function nam

  - by Mark L.

  I'm having a problem getting a program to read from a file based on a template, for example: bool parse(basic_ifstream<T> &file) { T ch; locale loc = file.getloc(); basic_string<T> buf; file.unsetf(ios_base::skipws); if (file.is_open()) { while (file >> ch) { if(isalnum(ch, loc)) { buf += ch; } else if(!buf.empty()) { addWord(buf); buf.clear(); } } if(!buf.empty()) { addWord(buf); } return true; } return false; } This will work when I instantiate this class with <char>, but has problems when I use <wchar_t> (clearly). Outside of the class, I'm using: for (iter = mp.begin(); iter != mp.end(); ++iter ) { cout << iter->first << setw(textwidth - iter->first.length() + 1); cout << " " << iter->second << endl; } To write all of the information from this data struct (it's a map<basic_string<T>, int>), and as predicted, cout explodes if iter->first isn't a char array. I've looked online and the consensus is to use wcout, but unfortunately, since this program requires that the template can be changed at compile time (<char> - <wchar_t>) I'm not sure how I could get away with simply choosing cout or wcout. That is, unless there way a way to read/write wide characters without changing lots of code. If this explanation sounds awkwardly complicated, let me know and I'll address it as best I can.

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• What is the header of an array in .NET

  - by Thomas

  Hi all, I have a little bit seen the representation of an array in memory with Windbg and SOS plugin. Here it is the c# : class myobj{ public int[] arr; } class Program{ static void Main(string[] args){ myobj o = new myobj(); o.arr = new int[7]; o.arr[0] = 0xFFFFFF; o.arr[1] = 0xFFFFFF; o.arr[2] = 0xFFFFFF; o.arr[3] = 0xFFFFFF; o.arr[4] = 0xFFFFFF; } } I break at final of Main, and I observ : 0:000> !clrstack -l OS Thread Id: 0xc3c (0) ESP EIP 0015f0cc 0043d1cf test.Program.Main(System.String[]) LOCALS: 0x0015f0d8 = 0x018a2f58 0:000 !do 0x018a2f58 Name: test.myobj MethodTable: 0026309c EEClass: 00261380 Size: 12(0xc) bytes (C:\Users\admin\Documents\Visual Studio 2008\Projects\test\test\bin\Debug\test.exe) Fields: MT Field Offset Type VT Attr Value Name 01324530 4000001 4 System.Int32[] 0 instance 018a2f64 tab 0:000 dd 018a2f64 018a2f64 01324530 00000007 00ffffff 00ffffff 018a2f74 00ffffff 00ffffff 00ffffff 00000000 018a2f84 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 018a2f94 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 018a2fa4 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 018a2fb4 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 018a2fc4 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 018a2fd4 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 I can see that the header contains the size of the array (00000007) but my question is : what is the value 01324530 ? Thanks !

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• How do I disable the network connection from .Net without needing admin priveledges?

  - by Brad Mathews

  I may be SOL on this but I thought I would give throw it out for possible solutions. I am writing a computer access control service to help me control my kids' computer use. Plan on open sourcing it when I have it working. It is written in VB.Net and needs to work on XP through 7. I am running into all sorts of security and desktop access issues on Windows 7. The service needs to run as admin to execute the NetSh command to disable the network. But I cannot interact with the desktop from the service so I IPC to a UI to handle other stuff, but I still cannot detect from the service if the desktop is locked. Argghh! I could get it all working from a hidden windows form app if I could just lick the one piece that needs admin permissions: disabling the network. It does no good if a kid logs on and denies the popup asking if the program should run as administrator and he says no. Also windows 7 will not start a program set to run as admin using HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run Anyone know how to get this working? Or have an outside the box solution? Thanks! Brad

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• Ruby ICalendar Gem: How to get e-mail reminders working.

  - by Jenny

  I'm trying to work out how to use the icalendar ruby gem, found at: http://icalendar.rubyforge.org/ According to their tutorial, you do something like: cal.event.do # ...other event properties alarm do action "EMAIL" description "This is an event reminder" # email body (required) summary "Alarm notification" # email subject (required) attendees %w(mailto:[email protected] mailto:[email protected]) # one or more email recipients (required) add_attendee "mailto:[email protected]" remove_attendee "mailto:[email protected]" trigger "-PT15M" # 15 minutes before add_attach "ftp://host.com/novo-procs/felizano.exe", {"FMTTYPE" => "application/binary"} # email attachments (optional) end alarm do action "DISPLAY" # This line isn't necessary, it's the default summary "Alarm notification" trigger "-P1DT0H0M0S" # 1 day before end alarm do action "AUDIO" trigger "-PT15M" add_attach "Basso", {"VALUE" => ["URI"]} # only one attach allowed (optional) end So, I am doing something similar in my code. def schedule_event puts "Scheduling an event for " + self.title + " at " + self.start_time start = self.start_time endt = self.start_time title = self.title desc = self.description chan = self.channel.name # Create a calendar with an event (standard method) cal = Calendar.new cal.event do dtstart Program.convertToDate(start) dtend Program.convertToDate(endt) summary "Want to watch" + title + "on: " + chan + " at: " + start description desc klass "PRIVATE" alarm do action "EMAIL" description desc # email body (required) summary "Want to watch" + title + "on: " + chan + " at: " + start # email subject (required) attendees %w(mailto:[email protected]) # one or more email recipients (required) trigger "-PT25M" # 25 minutes before end end However, I never see any e-mail sent to my account... I have even tried hard coding the start times to be Time.now, and sending them out 0 minutes before, but no luck... Am I doing something glaringly wrong?

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• ANTLR Tree Grammar and StringTemplate Code Translation

  - by Behrooz Nobakht

  I am working on a code translation project with a sample ANTLR tree grammar as: start: ^(PROGRAM declaration+) -> program_decl_tmpl(); declaration: class_decl | interface_decl; class_decl: ^(CLASS ^(ID CLASS_IDENTIFIER)) -> class_decl_tmpl(cid={$CLASS_IDENTIFIER.text}); The group template file for it looks like: group My; program_decl_tmpl() ::= << *WHAT?* >> class_decl_tmpl(cid) ::= << public class <cid> {} >> Based on this, I have these questions: Everything works fine apart from that what I should express in WHAT? to say that a program is simply a list of class declarations to get the final generated output? Is this approach averagely suitable for not so a high-level language? I have also studied ANTLR Code Translation with String Templates, but it seems that this approach takes much advantage of interleaving code in tree grammar. Is it also possible to do it as much as possible just in String Templates?

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• Pinyin Character entry on a touchscreen keyboard

  - by mmr

  The app I'm developing requires that it be deployed in China, which means that it needs to have Pinyin and Chinese character handling. I'm told that the way that our customers handle character entry is like so: Enter in the pinyin character, like 'zhang' As they enter the characters, a list of possible Chinese (Mandarin?) characters are presented to the user, like: The user will then select '1' to enter the family name that is roughly translated to 'zhang' How can I hook such programs (I believe one is called 'mspy.exe', from Microsoft, which I'm lead to believe comes with Microsoft versions of XP) into a WPF text box? Right now, the user can enter text either by using their keyboard or by using an on-screen keyboard, so I will probably need to capture the event of a keypress from either source and feed it to some OS event or to MSPY.exe or some similar program. Or is there some other way to enter pinyin and have it converted to Mandarin? Is there a program other than MSPY I should look at? EDIT: For those of you who think that this should 'just work', it does not. Chinese character entry will work just fine if entering text into notepad or the start-run menu or whatever, but it will not work in WPF. That's the key to this question: how do I enable WPF entry? There's the Google Pinyin and Sogou pinyin, but the websites are in Mandarin or Chinese or something similar and I don't read the language.

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• How should I start playing with 3D

  - by MarceloRamires

  I'm a developer for just about 6 months now, and since I enjoy programming I make a couple of little programs. I've started making encripters, calculators, tools, stuff to play with DropBox (hehe), stuff that play with bitmaps, drawing graphics, and even a program to update the MSN display image according to the artwork of the music you're listening yo on iTunes. Now I kind of ran off ideas of programs to deal with information, and I've had an idea: play around with 3d! so I've read a little about it and figured I'd have to have good notions on position and math on point spacial position (which I do, from my 3d modelling experience), but I don't know how to use API's for it, so I've 'simulated' simple 3d with a simple program I've made (it's just a spinning cube, please, first one to open it, comment here stating that it's safe, i've got no reason to harm anyone's pc.) One of my other hobbies is 3d modelling (completly amateur) and I'd like to mix these hobbies together! Here are some questions: 1) What would be a nice 3d development tool for a .NET programmer like me? 2) Is there a way of using 3d models made in 3DS Max ? (I intend on modelling characters) 3) What knowledges should I have in order to render it, and move it areound ? 4) Which API should I use ? NOTE: Not a dupe, I'm asking for directions specific for .NET development possibly using 3ds MAX, and there are no questions about it!

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• Calling a method on an unitialized object (null pointer)

  - by Florin

  What is the normal behavior in Objective-C if you call a method on an object (pointer) that is nil (maybe because someone forgot to initialize it)? Shouldn't it generate some kind of an error (segmentation fault, null pointer exception...)? If this is normal behavior, is there a way of changing this behavior (by configuring the compiler) so that the program raises some kind of error / exception at runtime? To make it more clear what I am talking about, here's an example. Having this class: @interface Person : NSObject { NSString *name; } @property (nonatomic, retain) NSString *name; - (void)sayHi; @end with this implementation: @implementation Person @synthesize name; - (void)dealloc { [name release]; [super dealloc]; } - (void)sayHi { NSLog(@"Hello"); NSLog(@"My name is %@.", name); } @end Somewhere in the program I do this: Person *person = nil; //person = [[Person alloc] init]; // let's say I comment this line person.name = @"Mike"; // shouldn't I get an error here? [person sayHi]; // and here [person release]; // and here

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• Awk filtering values between two files when regions intersect (any solutions welcome)

  - by user964689

  This is building upon an earlier question Awk conditional filter one file based on another (or other solutions) I have an awk program that outputs a column from rows in a text file 'refGene.txt if values in that row match 2 out of 3 values in another text file. I need to include an additional criteria for finding a match between the two files. The criteria is inclusion if the range of the 2 numberical values specified in each row in file 1 overlap with the range of the two values in a row in refGene.txt. An example of a line in File 1: chr1 10 20 chr2 10 20 and an example line in file 2(refGene.txt) of the matching columns ($3, $5, $ 6): chr1 5 30 Currently the awk program does not treat this as a match because although the first column matches neither the 2nd or 3rd columns do no. But I would like a way to treat this as a match because the region 10-20 in file 1 is WITHIN the range of 5-30 in refGene.txt. However the second line in file 1 should NOT match because the first column does not match, which is necessary. If there is a way to include cases when any of the range in file 1 overlaps with any of the range in refGene.txt that would be really helpful. It should also replace the below conditional statements as it would also find all the cases currently described below. Please let me know if my question is unclear. Any help is really appreciated, thanks it advance! (solutions do not have to be in awk) Rubal FILES=/files/*txt for f in $FILES ; do awk ' BEGIN { FS = "\t"; } FILENAME == ARGV[1] { pair[ $1, $2, $3 ] = 1; next; } { if ( pair[ $3, $5, $6 ] == 1 ) { print $13; } } ' $(basename $f) /files/refGene.txt > /files/results/$(basename $f) ; done

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• C# WebClient OpenRead url

  - by Octopus-Paul

  So i have this program that fetch a page using a short link (I used Google url shortener) to build my example i used the code from Using WebClient in C# is there a way to get the URL of a site after being redirected? using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using System.IO; using System.Net; namespace ConsoleApplication1 { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { MyWebClient client = new MyWebClient(); client.OpenRead("http://tinyurl.com/345yj7x"); Uri uri = client.ResponseUri; Console.WriteLine(uri.AbsoluteUri); Console.Read(); } } class MyWebClient : WebClient { Uri _responseUri; public Uri ResponseUri { get { return _responseUri; } } protected override WebResponse GetWebResponse(WebRequest request) { WebResponse response = base.GetWebResponse(request); _responseUri = response.ResponseUri; return response; } } } I do not understant a thing: when i do client.OpenRead("http://tinyurl.com/345yj7x"); this downloads the page that the url points to? If this method downloads the page, I need something to get me only the url, so if there a method to get only some headers, or only the url please let me know.

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• Error while opening port in Java

  - by Deepak

  I am getting the following error while trying to open the cash drawer. Error loading win32com: java.lang.UnsatisfiedLinkError: C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.6.0_15\jre\bin\win32com.dll: Can't load IA 32-bit .dll on a AMD 64-bit platform The code i am using is as follows `import javax.comm.; import java.util.; /** Check each port to see if it is open. **/ public class openPort { public static void main (String [] args) { Enumeration port_list = CommPortIdentifier.getPortIdentifiers (); while (port_list.hasMoreElements ()) { // Get the list of ports CommPortIdentifier port_id = (CommPortIdentifier) port_list.nextElement (); // Find each ports type and name if (port_id.getPortType () == CommPortIdentifier.PORT_SERIAL) { System.out.println ("Serial port: " + port_id.getName ()); } else if (port_id.getPortType () == CommPortIdentifier.PORT_PARALLEL) { System.out.println ("Parallel port: " + port_id.getName ()); } else System.out.println ("Other port: " + port_id.getName ()); // Attempt to open it try { CommPort port = port_id.open ("PortListOpen",20); System.out.println (" Opened successfully"); port.close (); } catch (PortInUseException pe) { System.out.println (" Open failed"); String owner_name = port_id.getCurrentOwner (); if (owner_name == null) System.out.println (" Port Owned by unidentified app"); else // The owner name not returned correctly unless it is // a Java program. System.out.println (" " + owner_name); } } } //main } // PortListOpen`

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• Need Help with wxPython & pyGame

  - by Xavier

  Hi Guys, I'm actually in need of your help and advice here on my assignment that I am working on. First of all, I was task to do a program that runs langton's ant simulation. For that, I've managed to get the source code (from snippets.dzone.com/posts/show/5143) and edited it accordingly to my requirements. This was done and ran in pygame module extension. In addition, my task requires a GUI to interface for users to run and navigate through the screens effectively with the langton's ant program running. I used wxPython with the help of an IDE called BOA constructor to create the frames, buttons, textboxes, etc. Basically, all the stuff needed in the interfaces. However, I've ran into some problems listed below: Found problem integrating pyGame with wxPython. On this note, I've research the internet for answers and tutorials where I found out from website: wiki.wxpython.org/IntegratingPyGame & aspn.activestate.com/ASPN/Mail/Message/wxpython-users/3178042. I understand from the sites that integrating pyGame with wxPython will be a difficult task where it has caused common problems like the inability to placing other controls into the frames as the pyGame application will cover the entire panel. I really hope that you can clarify my doubts on this and advise me on the path that I should take from here. Therefore, I ask the following questions: Is it feasible to integrate pyGame with wxPython? If it is not feasible to integrate pyGame with wxPython, what other alternatives do I have to create a GUI interface integrating pyGame into it. If so how do I go about? If it is possible to go about integrating pyGame with wxPython, how do I go about doing so? Really need you guys opinion on this.

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• Binder and variadic template ends up in a segmentation fault

  - by phlipsy

  I wrote the following program #include <iostream> template<typename C, typename Res, typename... Args> class bind_class_t { private: Res (C::*f)(Args...); C *c; public: bind_class_t(Res (C::*f)(Args...), C* c) : f(f), c(c) { } Res operator() (Args... args) { return (c->*f)(args...); } }; template<typename C, typename Res, typename... Args> bind_class_t<C, Res, Args...> bind_class(Res (C::*f)(Args...), C* c) { return bind_class<C, Res, Args...>(f, c); } class test { public: int add(int x, int y) { return x + y; } }; int main() { test t; // bind_class_t<test, int, int, int> b(&test::add, &t); bind_class_t<test, int, int, int> b = bind_class(&test::add, &t); std::cout << b(1, 2) << std::endl; return 0; } compiled it with gcc 4.3.3 and got a segmentation fault. After spending some time with gdb and this program it seems to me that the addresses of the function and the class are mixed up and a call of the data address of the class isn't allowed. Moreover if I use the commented line instead everything works fine. Can anyone else reproduce this behavior and/or explain me what's going wrong here?

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• Variable Assignment and loops (Java)

  - by Raven Dreamer

  Greetings Stack Overflowers, A while back, I was working on a program that hashed values into a hashtable (I don't remember the specifics, and the specifics themselves are irrelevant to the question at hand). Anyway, I had the following code as part of a "recordInput" method. tempElement = new hashElement(someInt); while(in.hasNext() == true) { int firstVal = in.nextInt(); if (firstVal == -911) { break; } tempElement.setKeyValue(firstVal, 0); for(int i = 1; i<numKeyValues;i++) { tempElement.setKeyValue(in.nextInt(), i); } elementArray[placeValue] = tempElement; placeValue++; } // close while loop } // close method This part of the code was giving me a very nasty bug -- no matter how I finagled it, no matter what input I gave the program, it would always produce an array full of only a single value -- the last one. The problem, as I later determined it, was that because I had not created the tempElement variable within the loop, and because values were not being assigned to elementArray[] until after the loop had ended -- every term was defined rather as "tempElement" -- when the loop terminated, every slot in the array was filled with the last value tempElement had taken. I was able to fix this bug by moving the declaration of tempElement within the while loop. My question to you, Stackoverflow, is whether there is another (read: better) way to avoid this bug while keeping the variable declaration of tempElement outside the while loop. (suggestions for better title and tags also appreciated)

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• Unable to find reference to std library math function inside library

  - by Alex Marshall

  Hello, I've got several programs that use shared libraries. Those shared libraries in turn use various standard C libraries. ie Program A and Program B both use Shared Library S. Shared Library S uses std C math. I want to be able to statically link Shared Library S against the standard library, and then statically link Programs A and B against S so that I don't have to be dragging around the library files, because these programs are going to be running on an embedded system running BusyBox 0.61. However, when I try to statically link the programs against Shared Library S, I get an error message from GCC stating : ../lib/libgainscalecalc.a(gainscalecalc.): In function 'float2gs': [path to my C file].c:73: undefined reference to 'log' Can somebody please help me out ? The make commands I'm using are below : CFLAGS += -Wall -g -W INCFLAGS = -I$(CROSS_INCLUDE)/usr/include LIBFLAGS += -L$(CROSS_LIB)/usr/lib -lm gainscalecalc_static.o: gainscalecalc.c $(CC) $(CFLAGS) -c $< -I. $(INCFLAGS) -o $@ gainscalecalc_dynamic.o: gainscalecalc.c $(CC) $(CFLAGS) -fPIC -c $< -o $@ all: staticlib dynamiclib static_driver dynamic_driver clean: $(RM) *.o *.a *.so *~ driver core $(OBJDIR) static_driver: driver.c staticlib $(CC) $(CFLAGS) -static driver.c $(INCFLAGS) $(LIBFLAGS) -I. -L. -lgainscalecalc -o $@ dynamic_driver: driver.c dynamiclib $(CC) $(CFLAGS) driver.c -o $@ -L. -lgainscalecalc staticlib: gainscalecalc_static.o $(AR) $(ARFLAGS) libgainscalecalc.a gainscalecalc_static.o $(RANLIB) libgainscalecalc.a chmod 777 libgainscalecalc.a dynamiclib: gainscalecalc_dynamic.o $(CC) -shared -o libgainscalecalc.so gainscalecalc_dynamic.o chmod 777 libgainscalecalc.so Edit: Linking against the shared libraries compiles fine, I just haven't tested them out yet

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• How to get levels for Fry Graph readability formula?

  - by Vic

  Hi, I'm working in an application (C#) that applies some readability formulas to a text, like Gunning-Fog, Precise SMOG, Flesh-Kincaid. Now, I need to implement the Fry-based Grade formula in my program, I understand the formula's logic, pretty much you take 3 100-words samples and calculate the average on sentences per 100-words and syllables per 100-words, and then, you use a graph to plot the values. Here is a more detailed explanation on how this formula works. I already have the averages, but I have no idea on how can I tell my program to "go check the graph and plot the values and give me a level." I don't have to show the graph to the user, I only have to show him the level. I was thinking that maybe I can have all the values in memory, divided into levels, for example: Level 1: values whose sentence average are between 10.0 and 25+, and whose syllables average are between 108 and 132. Level 2: values whose sentence average are between 7.7 and 10.0, and .... so on But the problem is that so far, the only place in which I have found the values that define a level, are in the graph itself, and they aren't too much accurate, so if I apply the approach commented above, trying to take the values from the graph, my level estimations would be too much imprecise, thus, the Fry-based Grade will not be accurate. So, maybe any of you knows about some place where I can find exact values for the different levels of the Fry-based Grade, or maybe any of you can help me think in a way to workaround this. Thanks

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• how do i work bool!

  - by user350217

  HI! im a beginner and im really getting frustrated with this whole concept. i dont understand how to exactly use the bool function. i know what it is but i cantfigure out how to make it work in my program. Im trying to say that if my variable "selection" is any letter beween 'A' and 'I' then it is valid and can continue on to the next function which is called calcExchangeAmt(amtExchanged, selection). if it is false i want it to ask the user if they want to repeat the program and if they agree to repeat i want it to clear the screen and restart to the main function. please help edit my work! this is my bool function: bool isSelectionValid(char selection, char yesNo, double amtExchanged) { bool validData; validData = true; if((selection >= 'a' && selection <= 'i') || (selection >= 'A' && selection <= 'I')) { validData = calcExchangeAmt (amtExchanged, selection); } else(validData == false); { cout<<"Do you wish to continue? (Y for Yes / N for No)"; cin>>yesNo; } do { main(); } while ((yesNo =='y')||(yesNo == 'Y')); { system("cls"); } return 0; } this is the warning that im gettng: warning C4800: 'double' : forcing value to bool 'true' or 'false' (performance warning)

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• Iterate through main function in C?

  - by Mohit Deshpande

  Here is my main function: int main(int argc, char **argv) { LoadFile(); Node *temp; char *key; switch (GetUserInput()) { case 1: temp = malloc(sizeof(Node)); printf("\nEnter the key of the new node: "); scanf("%s", temp->key); printf("\nEnter the value of the new node: "); scanf("%s", temp->value); AddNode(temp); free(temp); break; case 2: key = malloc(sizeof(char *)); printf("Enter the key of the node you want to delete: "); scanf("%s", key); DeleteNode(key); free(key); break; case 3: PrintAll(); break; case 4: SaveFile(); break; case 5: return 0; break; default: printf("\nWrong choice!\n"); break; } return 0; } The only problem with it is that after any case statement breaks, the program just exits out. I understand why, but I don't know how to fix it. I want the program to repeat itself each time even after the case statements. Would I just say: main(argc, argv); before every break statement?

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• Error invoking stored procedure with input parameter from ADO.Net

  - by George2

  Hello everyone, I am using VSTS 2008 + C# + .Net 3.5 + ADO.Net. Here is my code and related error message. The error message says, @Param1 is not supplied, but actually it is supplied in my code. Any ideas what is wrong? System.Data.SqlClient.SqlException: Procedure or function 'Pr_Foo' expects parameter '@Param1', which was not supplied. class Program { private static SqlCommand _command; private static SqlConnection connection; private static readonly string _storedProcedureName = "Pr_Foo"; private static readonly string connectionString = "server=.;integrated Security=sspi;initial catalog=FooDB"; public static void Prepare() { connection = new SqlConnection(connectionString); connection.Open(); _command = connection.CreateCommand(); _command.CommandText = _storedProcedureName; _command.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure; } public static void Dispose() { connection.Close(); } public static void Run() { try { SqlParameter Param1 = _command.Parameters.Add("@Param1", SqlDbType.Int, 300101); Param1.Direction = ParameterDirection.Input; SqlParameter Param2 = _command.Parameters.Add("@Param2", SqlDbType.Int, 100); portal_SiteInfoID.Direction = ParameterDirection.Input; SqlParameter Param3 = _command.Parameters.Add("@Param3", SqlDbType.Int, 200); portal_RoleInfoID.Direction = ParameterDirection.Input; _command.ExecuteScalar(); } catch (Exception e) { Console.WriteLine(e); } } static void Main(string[] args) { try { Prepare(); Thread t1 = new Thread(Program.Run); t1.Start(); t1.Join(); Dispose(); } catch (Exception ex) { Console.WriteLine(ex.Message + "\t" + ex.StackTrace); } } } Thanks in advance, George

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• Cygwin Cruisecontrol cannot execute commands

  I'm having what I hope to be a simple problem. However, it's had me stumped all day. I'm working with cruisecontrol in windows, being set up through Cygwin. I have some CC experience in the linux platform and much of what I'm doing is very similar. However, most any command I try to execute in the config.xml file's Schedule section is giving an error. Here's the exception: ExecBuilder - Could not execute command: /cygdrive/d/Program\ Files/Subversion/bin/svn net.sourceforge.cruisecontrol.CruiseControlException: Encountered an IO exception while attempting to execute 'net.sourceforge.cruisecontrol.builders.ExecScript@b80f1c'. CruiseControl cannot continue. at net.sourceforge.cruisecontrol.builders.ScriptRunner.runScript(ScriptRunner.java:133) Here are some examples of commands I've tried to run which give this type of error. <exec command="${CCLoc}/projects/${project.name}/IOSdllScript"/> -Runs a script that I tested outside of the cruisecontrol.bat and it runs. Includes #!/bin/sh as the first line <exec command="${CCLoc}/projects/${project.name}/EmptyFile"/> -Essentially an empty text file, proving that the problem had nothing to do with my script. <exec command="/cygdrive/d/Program\ Files/Subversion/bin/svn" args="cleanup" workingdir="${svndir}"/> -Trys svn cleanup on a directory. I double checked the pathing and spelling. One command that I tested worked and didn't give this error. That command was touch. <exec command="touch" args="ABC.txt"/> I'm not sure why only touch seems to work and nothing else does. Thank you for your help.

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• How is conversion of float/double to int handled in printf?

  - by Sandip

  Consider this program int main() { float f = 11.22; double d = 44.55; int i,j; i = f; //cast float to int j = d; //cast double to int printf("i = %d, j = %d, f = %d, d = %d", i,j,f,d); //This prints the following: // i = 11, j = 44, f = -536870912, d = 1076261027 return 0; } Can someone explain why the casting from double/float to int works correctly in the first case, and does not work when done in printf? This program was compiled on gcc-4.1.2 on 32-bit linux machine. EDIT: Zach's answer seems logical, i.e. use of format specifiers to figure out what to pop off the stack. However then consider this follow up question: int main() { char c = 'd'; // sizeof c is 1, however sizeof character literal // 'd' is equal to sizeof(int) in ANSI C printf("lit = %c, lit = %d , c = %c, c = %d", 'd', 'd', c, c); //this prints: lit = d, lit = 100 , c = d, c = 100 //how does printf here pop off the right number of bytes even when //the size represented by format specifiers doesn't actually match //the size of the passed arguments(char(1 byte) & char_literal(4 bytes)) return 0; } How does this work?

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