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• RuntimeError: maximum recursion depth exceeded while calling a Python object

  - by Bilal Basharat

  this error arises when i try to run the following test case which is written in models.py of my django app named 'administration' : from django.test import Client, TestCase from django.core import mail class ClientTest( TestCase ): fixtures = [ 'testdata.json' ] def test_get_register( self ): response = self.client.get( '/accounts/register/', {} ) self.assertEqual( response.status_code, 200 ) the error arises at this line specifically: response = self.client.get( '/accounts/register/', {} ) my django version is 1.2.1 and python 2.6 and satchmo version is 0.9.2-pre hg-unknown. I code in windows platform(xp sp2). The command to run test case is: python manage.py test administration the complete error log is as follow: site = by_host(host = 'www.%s' % host, id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 121, in by_host site = by_host(host=host[4:], id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 124, in by_host site = by_host(host = 'www.%s' % host, id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 121, in by_host site = by_host(host=host[4:], id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 124, in by_host site = by_host(host = 'www.%s' % host, id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 121, in by_host site = by_host(host=host[4:], id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 124, in by_host site = by_host(host = 'www.%s' % host, id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 121, in by_host site = by_host(host=host[4:], id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 124, in by_host site = by_host(host = 'www.%s' % host, id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 121, in by_host site = by_host(host=host[4:], id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 124, in by_host site = by_host(host = 'www.%s' % host, id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 121, in by_host site = by_host(host=host[4:], id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 124, in by_host site = by_host(host = 'www.%s' % host, id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 121, in by_host site = by_host(host=host[4:], id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 124, in by_host site = by_host(host = 'www.%s' % host, id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 121, in by_host site = by_host(host=host[4:], id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 124, in by_host site = by_host(host = 'www.%s' % host, id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 121, in by_host site = by_host(host=host[4:], id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 124, in by_host site = by_host(host = 'www.%s' % host, id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 121, in by_host site = by_host(host=host[4:], id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 124, in by_host site = by_host(host = 'www.%s' % host, id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 121, in by_host site = by_host(host=host[4:], id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 124, in by_host site = by_host(host = 'www.%s' % host, id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 121, in by_host site = by_host(host=host[4:], id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 124, in by_host site = by_host(host = 'www.%s' % host, id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 121, in by_host site = by_host(host=host[4:], id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 124, in by_host site = by_host(host = 'www.%s' % host, id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 121, in by_host site = by_host(host=host[4:], id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 124, in by_host site = by_host(host = 'www.%s' % host, id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 121, in by_host site = by_host(host=host[4:], id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 124, in by_host site = by_host(host = 'www.%s' % host, id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 121, in by_host site = by_host(host=host[4:], id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 124, in by_host site = by_host(host = 'www.%s' % host, id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 121, in by_host site = by_host(host=host[4:], id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 124, in by_host site = by_host(host = 'www.%s' % host, id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 121, in by_host site = by_host(host=host[4:], id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 124, in by_host site = by_host(host = 'www.%s' % host, id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 121, in by_host site = by_host(host=host[4:], id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 124, in by_host site = by_host(host = 'www.%s' % host, id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 121, in by_host site = by_host(host=host[4:], id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 124, in by_host site = by_host(host = 'www.%s' % host, id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 121, in by_host site = by_host(host=host[4:], id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 124, in by_host site = by_host(host = 'www.%s' % host, id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 121, in by_host site = by_host(host=host[4:], id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 124, in by_host site = by_host(host = 'www.%s' % host, id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 121, in by_host site = by_host(host=host[4:], id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 124, in by_host site = by_host(host = 'www.%s' % host, id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 121, in by_host site = by_host(host=host[4:], id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 124, in by_host site = by_host(host = 'www.%s' % host, id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 121, in by_host site = by_host(host=host[4:], id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 124, in by_host site = by_host(host = 'www.%s' % host, id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 121, in by_host site = by_host(host=host[4:], id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 124, in by_host site = by_host(host = 'www.%s' % host, id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 121, in by_host site = by_host(host=host[4:], id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 124, in by_host site = by_host(host = 'www.%s' % host, id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 121, in by_host site = by_host(host=host[4:], id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 124, in by_host site = by_host(host = 'www.%s' % host, id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 121, in by_host site = by_host(host=host[4:], id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 124, in by_host site = by_host(host = 'www.%s' % host, id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 121, in by_host site = by_host(host=host[4:], id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 124, in by_host site = by_host(host = 'www.%s' % host, id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 121, in by_host site = by_host(host=host[4:], id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 124, in by_host site = by_host(host = 'www.%s' % host, id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 121, in by_host site = by_host(host=host[4:], id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 124, in by_host site = by_host(host = 'www.%s' % host, id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 121, in by_host site = by_host(host=host[4:], id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 124, in by_host site = by_host(host = 'www.%s' % host, id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 121, in by_host site = by_host(host=host[4:], id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 124, in by_host site = by_host(host = 'www.%s' % host, id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 121, in by_host site = by_host(host=host[4:], id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 124, in by_host site = by_host(host = 'www.%s' % host, id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 121, in by_host site = by_host(host=host[4:], id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 124, in by_host site = by_host(host = 'www.%s' % host, id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 121, in by_host site = by_host(host=host[4:], id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 124, in by_host site = by_host(host = 'www.%s' % host, id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 121, in by_host site = by_host(host=host[4:], id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 124, in by_host site = by_host(host = 'www.%s' % host, id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 121, in by_host site = by_host(host=host[4:], id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 124, in by_host site = by_host(host = 'www.%s' % host, id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 121, in by_host site = by_host(host=host[4:], id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 124, in by_host site = by_host(host = 'www.%s' % host, id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 121, in by_host site = by_host(host=host[4:], id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 124, in by_host site = by_host(host = 'www.%s' % host, id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 121, in by_host site = by_host(host=host[4:], id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 124, in by_host site = by_host(host = 'www.%s' % host, id_only=id_only) File "build\bdist.win32\egg\threaded_multihost\sites.py", line 101, in by_host site = Site.objects.get(domain=host) File "C:\django\django\db\models\manager.py", line 132, in get return self.get_query_set().get(*args, **kwargs) File "C:\django\django\db\models\query.py", line 336, in get num = len(clone) File "C:\django\django\db\models\query.py", line 81, in __len__ self._result_cache = list(self.iterator()) File "C:\django\django\db\models\query.py", line 269, in iterator for row in compiler.results_iter(): File "C:\django\django\db\models\sql\compiler.py", line 672, in results_iter for rows in self.execute_sql(MULTI): File "C:\django\django\db\models\sql\compiler.py", line 717, in execute_sql sql, params = self.as_sql() File "C:\django\django\db\models\sql\compiler.py", line 65, in as_sql where, w_params = self.query.where.as_sql(qn=qn, connection=self.connection) File "C:\django\django\db\models\sql\where.py", line 91, in as_sql sql, params = child.as_sql(qn=qn, connection=connection) File "C:\django\django\db\models\sql\where.py", line 94, in as_sql sql, params = self.make_atom(child, qn, connection) File "C:\django\django\db\models\sql\where.py", line 141, in make_atom lvalue, params = lvalue.process(lookup_type, params_or_value, connection) File "C:\django\django\db\models\sql\where.py", line 312, in process connection=connection, prepared=True) File "C:\django\django\db\models\fields\subclassing.py", line 53, in inner return func(*args, **kwargs) File "C:\django\django\db\models\fields\subclassing.py", line 53, in inner return func(*args, **kwargs) File "C:\django\django\db\models\fields\__init__.py", line 323, in get_db_prep _lookup return [self.get_db_prep_value(value, connection=connection, prepared=prepar ed)] File "C:\django\django\db\models\fields\subclassing.py", line 53, in inner return func(*args, **kwargs) File "C:\django\django\db\models\fields\subclassing.py", line 53, in inner return func(*args, **kwargs) RuntimeError: maximum recursion depth exceeded while calling a Python object ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Ran 7 tests in 48.453s FAILED (errors=1) Destroying test database 'default'...

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• undefined reference to function, despite giving reference in c

  - by Jamie Edwards

  I'm following a tutorial, but when it comes to compiling and linking the code I get the following error: /tmp/cc8gRrVZ.o: In function `main': main.c:(.text+0xa): undefined reference to `monitor_clear' main.c:(.text+0x16): undefined reference to `monitor_write' collect2: ld returned 1 exit status make: *** [obj/main.o] Error 1 What that is telling me is that I haven't defined both 'monitor_clear' and 'monitor_write'. But I have, in both the header and source files. They are as follows: monitor.c: // monitor.c -- Defines functions for writing to the monitor. // heavily based on Bran's kernel development tutorials, // but rewritten for JamesM's kernel tutorials. #include "monitor.h" // The VGA framebuffer starts at 0xB8000. u16int *video_memory = (u16int *)0xB8000; // Stores the cursor position. u8int cursor_x = 0; u8int cursor_y = 0; // Updates the hardware cursor. static void move_cursor() { // The screen is 80 characters wide... u16int cursorLocation = cursor_y * 80 + cursor_x; outb(0x3D4, 14); // Tell the VGA board we are setting the high cursor byte. outb(0x3D5, cursorLocation >> 8); // Send the high cursor byte. outb(0x3D4, 15); // Tell the VGA board we are setting the low cursor byte. outb(0x3D5, cursorLocation); // Send the low cursor byte. } // Scrolls the text on the screen up by one line. static void scroll() { // Get a space character with the default colour attributes. u8int attributeByte = (0 /*black*/ << 4) | (15 /*white*/ & 0x0F); u16int blank = 0x20 /* space */ | (attributeByte << 8); // Row 25 is the end, this means we need to scroll up if(cursor_y >= 25) { // Move the current text chunk that makes up the screen // back in the buffer by a line int i; for (i = 0*80; i < 24*80; i++) { video_memory[i] = video_memory[i+80]; } // The last line should now be blank. Do this by writing // 80 spaces to it. for (i = 24*80; i < 25*80; i++) { video_memory[i] = blank; } // The cursor should now be on the last line. cursor_y = 24; } } // Writes a single character out to the screen. void monitor_put(char c) { // The background colour is black (0), the foreground is white (15). u8int backColour = 0; u8int foreColour = 15; // The attribute byte is made up of two nibbles - the lower being the // foreground colour, and the upper the background colour. u8int attributeByte = (backColour << 4) | (foreColour & 0x0F); // The attribute byte is the top 8 bits of the word we have to send to the // VGA board. u16int attribute = attributeByte << 8; u16int *location; // Handle a backspace, by moving the cursor back one space if (c == 0x08 && cursor_x) { cursor_x--; } // Handle a tab by increasing the cursor's X, but only to a point // where it is divisible by 8. else if (c == 0x09) { cursor_x = (cursor_x+8) & ~(8-1); } // Handle carriage return else if (c == '\r') { cursor_x = 0; } // Handle newline by moving cursor back to left and increasing the row else if (c == '\n') { cursor_x = 0; cursor_y++; } // Handle any other printable character. else if(c >= ' ') { location = video_memory + (cursor_y*80 + cursor_x); *location = c | attribute; cursor_x++; } // Check if we need to insert a new line because we have reached the end // of the screen. if (cursor_x >= 80) { cursor_x = 0; cursor_y ++; } // Scroll the screen if needed. scroll(); // Move the hardware cursor. move_cursor(); } // Clears the screen, by copying lots of spaces to the framebuffer. void monitor_clear() { // Make an attribute byte for the default colours u8int attributeByte = (0 /*black*/ << 4) | (15 /*white*/ & 0x0F); u16int blank = 0x20 /* space */ | (attributeByte << 8); int i; for (i = 0; i < 80*25; i++) { video_memory[i] = blank; } // Move the hardware cursor back to the start. cursor_x = 0; cursor_y = 0; move_cursor(); } // Outputs a null-terminated ASCII string to the monitor. void monitor_write(char *c) { int i = 0; while (c[i]) { monitor_put(c[i++]); } } void monitor_write_hex(u32int n) { s32int tmp; monitor_write("0x"); char noZeroes = 1; int i; for (i = 28; i > 0; i -= 4) { tmp = (n >> i) & 0xF; if (tmp == 0 && noZeroes != 0) { continue; } if (tmp >= 0xA) { noZeroes = 0; monitor_put (tmp-0xA+'a' ); } else { noZeroes = 0; monitor_put( tmp+'0' ); } } tmp = n & 0xF; if (tmp >= 0xA) { monitor_put (tmp-0xA+'a'); } else { monitor_put (tmp+'0'); } } void monitor_write_dec(u32int n) { if (n == 0) { monitor_put('0'); return; } s32int acc = n; char c[32]; int i = 0; while (acc > 0) { c[i] = '0' + acc%10; acc /= 10; i++; } c[i] = 0; char c2[32]; c2[i--] = 0; int j = 0; while(i >= 0) { c2[i--] = c[j++]; } monitor_write(c2); } monitor.h: // monitor.h -- Defines the interface for monitor.h // From JamesM's kernel development tutorials. #ifndef MONITOR_H #define MONITOR_H #include "common.h" // Write a single character out to the screen. void monitor_put(char c); // Clear the screen to all black. void monitor_clear(); // Output a null-terminated ASCII string to the monitor. void monitor_write(char *c); #endif // MONITOR_H common.c: // common.c -- Defines some global functions. // From JamesM's kernel development tutorials. #include "common.h" // Write a byte out to the specified port. void outb ( u16int port, u8int value ) { asm volatile ( "outb %1, %0" : : "dN" ( port ), "a" ( value ) ); } u8int inb ( u16int port ) { u8int ret; asm volatile ( "inb %1, %0" : "=a" ( ret ) : "dN" ( port ) ); return ret; } u16int inw ( u16int port ) { u16int ret; asm volatile ( "inw %1, %0" : "=a" ( ret ) : "dN" ( port ) ); return ret; } // Copy len bytes from src to dest. void memcpy(u8int *dest, const u8int *src, u32int len) { const u8int *sp = ( const u8int * ) src; u8int *dp = ( u8int * ) dest; for ( ; len != 0; len-- ) *dp++ =*sp++; } // Write len copies of val into dest. void memset(u8int *dest, u8int val, u32int len) { u8int *temp = ( u8int * ) dest; for ( ; len != 0; len-- ) *temp++ = val; } // Compare two strings. Should return -1 if // str1 < str2, 0 if they are equal or 1 otherwise. int strcmp(char *str1, char *str2) { int i = 0; int failed = 0; while ( str1[i] != '\0' && str2[i] != '\0' ) { if ( str1[i] != str2[i] ) { failed = 1; break; } i++; } // Why did the loop exit? if ( ( str1[i] == '\0' && str2[i] != '\0' || (str1[i] != '\0' && str2[i] =='\0' ) ) failed =1; return failed; } // Copy the NULL-terminated string src into dest, and // return dest. char *strcpy(char *dest, const char *src) { do { *dest++ = *src++; } while ( *src != 0 ); } // Concatenate the NULL-terminated string src onto // the end of dest, and return dest. char *strcat(char *dest, const char *src) { while ( *dest != 0 ) { *dest = *dest++; } do { *dest++ = *src++; } while ( *src != 0 ); return dest; } common.h: // common.h -- Defines typedefs and some global functions. // From JamesM's kernel development tutorials. #ifndef COMMON_H #define COMMON_H // Some nice typedefs, to standardise sizes across platforms. // These typedefs are written for 32-bit x86. typedef unsigned int u32int; typedef int s32int; typedef unsigned short u16int; typedef short s16int; typedef unsigned char u8int; typedef char s8int; void outb ( u16int port, u8int value ); u8int inb ( u16int port ); u16int inw ( u16int port ); #endif //COMMON_H main.c: // main.c -- Defines the C-code kernel entry point, calls initialisation routines. // Made for JamesM's tutorials <www.jamesmolloy.co.uk> #include "monitor.h" int main(struct multiboot *mboot_ptr) { monitor_clear(); monitor_write ( "hello, world!" ); return 0; } here is my makefile: C_SOURCES= main.c monitor.c common.c S_SOURCES= boot.s C_OBJECTS=$(patsubst %.c, obj/%.o, $(C_SOURCES)) S_OBJECTS=$(patsubst %.s, obj/%.o, $(S_SOURCES)) CFLAGS=-nostdlib -nostdinc -fno-builtin -fno-stack-protector -m32 -Iheaders LDFLAGS=-Tlink.ld -melf_i386 --oformat=elf32-i386 ASFLAGS=-felf all: kern/kernel .PHONY: clean clean: -rm -f kern/kernel kern/kernel: $(S_OBJECTS) $(C_OBJECTS) ld $(LDFLAGS) -o $@ $^ $(C_OBJECTS): obj/%.o : %.c gcc $(CFLAGS) $< -o $@ vpath %.c source $(S_OBJECTS): obj/%.o : %.s nasm $(ASFLAGS) $< -o $@ vpath %.s asem Hopefully this will help you understand what is going wrong and how to fix it :L Thanks in advance. Jamie.

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• What's the best way to expose a Model object in a ViewModel?

  - by Angel

  In a WPF MVVM application, I exposed my model object into my viewModel by creating an instance of Model class (which cause dependency) into ViewModel. Instead of creating separate VM properties, I wrap the Model properties inside my ViewModel Property. My model is just an entity framework generated proxy class: public partial class TblProduct { public TblProduct() { this.TblPurchaseDetails = new HashSet<TblPurchaseDetail>(); this.TblPurchaseOrderDetails = new HashSet<TblPurchaseOrderDetail>(); this.TblSalesInvoiceDetails = new HashSet<TblSalesInvoiceDetail>(); this.TblSalesOrderDetails = new HashSet<TblSalesOrderDetail>(); } public int ProductId { get; set; } public string ProductCode { get; set; } public string ProductName { get; set; } public int CategoryId { get; set; } public string Color { get; set; } public Nullable<decimal> PurchaseRate { get; set; } public Nullable<decimal> SalesRate { get; set; } public string ImagePath { get; set; } public bool IsActive { get; set; } public virtual TblCompany TblCompany { get; set; } public virtual TblProductCategory TblProductCategory { get; set; } public virtual TblUser TblUser { get; set; } public virtual ICollection<TblPurchaseDetail> TblPurchaseDetails { get; set; } public virtual ICollection<TblPurchaseOrderDetail> TblPurchaseOrderDetails { get; set; } public virtual ICollection<TblSalesInvoiceDetail> TblSalesInvoiceDetails { get; set; } public virtual ICollection<TblSalesOrderDetail> TblSalesOrderDetails { get; set; } } Here is my ViewModel: public class ProductViewModel : WorkspaceViewModel { #region Constructor public ProductViewModel() { StartApp(); } #endregion //Constructor #region Properties private IProductDataService _dataService; public IProductDataService DataService { get { if (_dataService == null) { if (IsInDesignMode) { _dataService = new ProductDataServiceMock(); } else { _dataService = new ProductDataService(); } } return _dataService; } } //Get and set Model object private TblProduct _product; public TblProduct Product { get { return _product ?? (_product = new TblProduct()); } set { _product = value; } } #region Public Properties public int ProductId { get { return Product.ProductId; } set { if (Product.ProductId == value) { return; } Product.ProductId = value; RaisePropertyChanged("ProductId"); } } public string ProductName { get { return Product.ProductName; } set { if (Product.ProductName == value) { return; } Product.ProductName = value; RaisePropertyChanged(() => ProductName); } } private ObservableCollection<TblProduct> _productRecords; public ObservableCollection<TblProduct> ProductRecords { get { return _productRecords; } set { _productRecords = value; RaisePropertyChanged("ProductRecords"); } } //Selected Product private TblProduct _selectedProduct; public TblProduct SelectedProduct { get { return _selectedProduct; } set { _selectedProduct = value; if (_selectedProduct != null) { this.ProductId = _selectedProduct.ProductId; this.ProductCode = _selectedProduct.ProductCode; } RaisePropertyChanged("SelectedProduct"); } } #endregion //Public Properties #endregion // Properties #region Commands private ICommand _newCommand; public ICommand NewCommand { get { if (_newCommand == null) { _newCommand = new RelayCommand(() => ResetAll()); } return _newCommand; } } private ICommand _saveCommand; public ICommand SaveCommand { get { if (_saveCommand == null) { _saveCommand = new RelayCommand(() => Save()); } return _saveCommand; } } private ICommand _deleteCommand; public ICommand DeleteCommand { get { if (_deleteCommand == null) { _deleteCommand = new RelayCommand(() => Delete()); } return _deleteCommand; } } #endregion //Commands #region Methods private void StartApp() { LoadProductCollection(); } private void LoadProductCollection() { var q = DataService.GetAllProducts(); this.ProductRecords = new ObservableCollection<TblProduct>(q); } private void Save() { if (SelectedOperateMode == OperateModeEnum.OperateMode.New) { //Pass the Model object into Dataservice for save DataService.SaveProduct(this.Product); } else if (SelectedOperateMode == OperateModeEnum.OperateMode.Edit) { //Pass the Model object into Dataservice for Update DataService.UpdateProduct(this.Product); } ResetAll(); LoadProductCollection(); } #endregion //Methods } Here is my Service class: class ProductDataService:IProductDataService { /// <summary> /// Context object of Entity Framework model /// </summary> private MaizeEntities Context { get; set; } public ProductDataService() { Context = new MaizeEntities(); } public IEnumerable<TblProduct> GetAllProducts() { using(var context=new R_MaizeEntities()) { var q = from p in context.TblProducts where p.IsDel == false select p; return new ObservableCollection<TblProduct>(q); } } public void SaveProduct(TblProduct _product) { using(var context=new R_MaizeEntities()) { _product.LastModUserId = GlobalObjects.LoggedUserID; _product.LastModDttm = DateTime.Now; _product.CompanyId = GlobalObjects.CompanyID; context.TblProducts.Add(_product); context.SaveChanges(); } } public void UpdateProduct(TblProduct _product) { using (var context = new R_MaizeEntities()) { context.TblProducts.Attach(_product); context.Entry(_product).State = EntityState.Modified; _product.LastModUserId = GlobalObjects.LoggedUserID; _product.LastModDttm = DateTime.Now; _product.CompanyId = GlobalObjects.CompanyID; context.SaveChanges(); } } public void DeleteProduct(int _productId) { using (var context = new R_MaizeEntities()) { var product = (from c in context.TblProducts where c.ProductId == _productId select c).First(); product.LastModUserId = GlobalObjects.LoggedUserID; product.LastModDttm = DateTime.Now; product.IsDel = true; context.SaveChanges(); } } } I exposed my model object in my viewModel by creating an instance of it using new keyword, also I instantiated my DataService class in VM. I know this will cause a strong dependency. So: What's the best way to expose a Model object in a ViewModel? What's the best way to use DataService in VM?

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• Changing the title of jQuery-UI dialog-box with in another dialog-box's function...

  - by Brian Ojeda

  Why doesn't doesn't the second jQuery-UI dialog box title change when popped. The first dialog box I change the title of the box with using the following .attr("title", "Confirm") -- it change the title of the first box to 'Confirm', like it should have. Now when the second box pops up it should change the title to 'Message' since did the same thing for the second box -- .attr("title", "Message"). Right? But it doesnt. It keep the title from before. However, the message change like it should have. I have tested in IE8, Chrome, and FF3.6. <div id="dialog-confirm" title=""></div> <-- This is the html before jQuery functions. Javascript / jQuery $('#userDelete').click(function() { $(function() { var dialogIcon = "<span class=\"ui-icon ui-icon-alert\"></span>"; var dialogMessage = dialogIcon + "Are you sure you want to delete?"; $("#dialog-confirm").attr("title", "Confirm").html(dialogMessage).dialog({ resizable: false, height: 125, width: 300, modal: true, buttons: { 'Delete': function() { $(this).dialog('close'); $.post('user_ajax.php', {action: 'delete', aId: $('[name=aId]').val() }, function(data) { if(data.success){ var dialogIcon = "<span class=\"ui-icon ui-icon-info\"></span>"; var dialogMessage = dialogIcon + data.message; $('#dialog-confirm').attr("title", "Message"); $('#dialog-confirm').html(dialogMessage); $('#dialog-confirm').dialog({ resizable: false, height: 125, width: 300, modal: true, buttons: { 'Okay': function() { $(this).dialog('close'); var url = $_httpaddress + "admin/index.php" $(location).attr('href',url); } // End of Okay Button Function } //--- End of Dialog Button Script });//--- End of Dialog Function } else { $_messageConsole.slideDown(); $_messageConsole.html(data.message); } }, 'json'); }, //--- End of Delete Button Function 'Cancel': function() { $(this).dialog('close'); } //--- End of Cancel Button Function } //--- End of Dialog Button Script }); //--- End of Dialog Script }); //--- End of Dialog Function return false; }); Thank you for you assistant, if you choose to help.

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• How do I send a javascript variable to a subsequent jquery function or set of braces?

  - by desbest

  How do I send a javascript variable to a subsequent jquery function? Here is my code. <script type="text/javascript"> $(function() { var name = $("#name"), email = $("#email"), password = $("#password"), itemid = $("#itemid"), tips = $(".validateTips"); function updateTips(t) { tips .text(t) .addClass('ui-state-highlight'); setTimeout(function() { tips.removeClass('ui-state-highlight', 1500); }, 500); } $("#dialog-form").dialog({ autoOpen: false, height: 320, width: 350, modal: true, /* buttons: { 'Change category': function() { alert("The itemid2 is "+itemid2); var bValid = true; $('#users tbody').append('<tr>' + '<td>' + name.val() + '</td>' + '<td>' + email.val() + '</td>' + '<td>' + password.val() + '</td>' + '<td>' + itemid.val() + '</td>' + '</tr>'); $(this).dialog('close'); }, Cancel: function() { $(this).dialog('close'); } }, */ close: function() { allFields.val('').removeClass('ui-state-error'); } }); $('.changecategory') .button() .click(function() { var categoryid = $(this).attr("categoryid"); var itemid = $(this).attr("itemid"); var itemid2 = $(this).attr("itemid"); var itemtitle = $(this).attr("itemtitle"); var parenttag = $(this).parent().get(0).tagName; var removediv = "itemid_" +itemid; alert("The itemid is "+itemid); $('#dialog-form').dialog('open'); }); }); </script> I'll break it down. The .changecategory section happens FIRST when an image on my page is clicked. $("#dialog-form").dialog({ is then called, and the variable item id is not passed to this function. How can I pass a variable from one function to another? Is that possible. Is there a way I can pass a variable to another jquery function without having to resort of setting a cookie with javascript and then using jquery to read it?

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• Are there any examples of a temporal field/object updater?

  - by Bryan Agee

  The system in question has numerous examples of temporal objects and fields--ones which are a certain variable at a certain point in time. An example of this would be someone's rate of pay--there are different answers depending on when you ask and what the constraints might be; eg, can there ever be more than one of a certain temporal object concurrently, etc. Ideally, there would be an object that handles those constraints when a new state/stateful object is introduced; when a new value is set, it would prevent creating negative ranges and overlaps. Martin Fowler has written some great material on this (such as this description of Temporal Objects) , but what I've found of it tends to be entirely theoretic, with no concrete implementations. PHP is the target language, but examples in any language would be most helpful.

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• How do I pass an object location into a vertex shader?

  - by Greg Kassapidis

  I am using Blender Game Engine. I want to create a large flat plane, and deform it locally near a moving object. So far (despite being a beginner at shaders) I've written a vertex shader for the plane which moves the vertices to their correct positions (constant positions, for now). I cannot find a way to swap that constant location with an object's location updated every frame, while the shader is running. I am not even sure if it's possible. I only want to access a specific object's center from the shader.

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• How to detect whether an Object came to sleep at a specific position?

  - by Nils Riedemann

  I'm currently writing a small game with box2dweb and I need some direction for this: I'm throwing a Box and have to hit a specific place and trigger an event when the object that's been thrown isn't moving anymore, "fell asleep" so to say. What's the proper way / best practice for this? I'm currently thinking of asking the b2World whether an Object is within a specific AABB and then wait a few seconds, check if it's still there and then trigger the event. But this seems to me like the roundabout way and the object might still be moving inside of that AABB and eventually even drop out of the AABB.

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• Should I extract specific functionality into a function and why?

  - by john smith optional

  I have a large method which does 3 tasks, each of them can be extracted into a separate function. If I'll make an additional functions for each of that tasks, will it make my code better or worse and why? Edit: Obviously, it'll make less lines of code in the main function, but there'll be additional function declarations, so my class will have additional methods, which I believe isn't good, because it'll make the class more complex. Edit2: Should I do that before I wrote all the code or should I leave it until everything is done and then extract functions?

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• HTML5 game programming style

  - by fnx

  I am currently trying learn javascript in form of HTML5 games. Stuff that I've done so far isn't too fancy since I'm still a beginner. My biggest concern so far has been that I don't really know what is the best way to code since I don't know the pros and cons of different methods, nor I've found any good explanations about them. So far I've been using the worst (and propably easiest) method of all (I think) since I'm just starting out, for example like this: var canvas = document.getElementById("canvas"); var ctx = canvas.getContext("2d"); var width = 640; var height = 480; var player = new Player("pic.png", 100, 100, ...); also some other global vars... function Player(imgSrc, x, y, ...) { this.sprite = new Image(); this.sprite.src = imgSrc; this.x = x; this.y = y; ... } Player.prototype.update = function() { // blah blah... } Player.prototype.draw = function() { // yada yada... } function GameLoop() { player.update(); player.draw(); setTimeout(GameLoop, 1000/60); } However, I've seen a few examples on the internet that look interesting, but I don't know how to properly code in these styles, nor do I know if there are names for them. These might not be the best examples but hopefully you'll get the point: 1: Game = { variables: { width: 640, height: 480, stuff: value }, init: function(args) { // some stuff here }, update: function(args) { // some stuff here }, draw: function(args) { // some stuff here }, }; // from http://codeincomplete.com/posts/2011/5/14/javascript_pong/ 2: function Game() { this.Initialize = function () { } this.LoadContent = function () { this.GameLoop = setInterval(this.RunGameLoop, this.DrawInterval); } this.RunGameLoop = function (game) { this.Update(); this.Draw(); } this.Update = function () { // update } this.Draw = function () { // draw game frame } } // from http://www.felinesoft.com/blog/index.php/2010/09/accelerated-game-programming-with-html5-and-canvas/ 3: var engine = {}; engine.canvas = document.getElementById('canvas'); engine.ctx = engine.canvas.getContext('2d'); engine.map = {}; engine.map.draw = function() { // draw map } engine.player = {}; engine.player.draw = function() { // draw player } // from http://that-guy.net/articles/ So I guess my questions are: Which is most CPU efficient, is there any difference between these styles at runtime? Which one allows for easy expandability? Which one is the most safe, or at least harder to hack? Are there any good websites where stuff like this is explained? or... Does it all come to just personal preferance? :)

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• Efficient way of detecting a touched object in a game?

  - by Pin

  Imagine a Sims-like 2D game for a touch based mobile phone where one can interact with virtually any object in the scene. How can I efficiently detect which object is being touched by the player? In my short experience, looping through all the visible objects in the scene and checking if they're touched has so far done the job, but when there may be many many moving objects in the screen that sounds kind of inefficient isn't it? Keeping the visible moving objects list can consume time in itself as one may have to loop through all of them each frame. Other solutions I've thought are: Spatial hashing. Divide the screen as a grid and place the visible objects in the corresponding bucket. Detection of the clicked object is fast but there's additional overhead for placing the objects in the correct bucket each frame. Maintaining a quad-tree. Moving objects have to be rearranged all the time, the previous solution looks better. What is usually done in this case?

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• Is it bad form to stage a function's steps in intermediate variables (let bindings)?

  - by octopusgrabbus

  I find I tend to need intermediate variables. In Clojure that's in the form of let bindings, like cmp-result-1 and cmp-result-2 in the following function. (defn str-cmp "Takes two strings and compares them. Returns the string if a match; and nil if not." [str-1 str-2 start-pos substr-len] (let [cmp-result-1 (subs str-1 start-pos substr-len) cmp-result-2 (subs str-2 start-pos substr-len)] (compare cmp-result-1 cmp-result-2))) I could re-write this function without them, but to me, the function's purpose looks clearer. I tend to do this quite in a bit in my main, and that is primarily for debugging purposes, so I can pass a variable to print out intermediate output. Is this bad form, and, if so, why? Thanks.

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• Could you give me an example of how to attach an object in Deleted state – I keep getting an exception [migrated]

  - by carewithl

  From MSDN : An object in the Deleted state can only be attached when the ObjectStateManager is already tracking the relationship instance. Could you give me an example of how to attach an object in the Deleted state. I tried the following and got "System.InvalidOperationException: The object being attached is in an added or deleted state. Relationships cannot be created for objects in this state". var contact = context.Contacts.First(); Console.WriteLine(contact.Addresses.Count()); // 2 var address = contact.Addresses.First(); context.Addresses.DeleteObject(address); contact.Addresses.Attach(address); // InvalidOperationException thank you

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• How to name a clamp function that only clamps from one side?

  - by dog_funtom

  Clamp() is a function that ensures that provided variable is in provided range. You can find such function in .NET, in Unity, and probably anywhere. While it is useful, I often need to clamp my value from one side only. For example, to ensure that float is always non-negative or always positive (like radius value from inspector). I used names ClampFromAbove() and ClampFromBelow(), but I wonder if such names is good or even grammatically valid in programming-English. Also, it probably make sense to distinguish non-negative case too. How'd you name such function? Something like EnsureNonNegative()? My intention is creating pair of extension methods and use them like this: var normalizedRadius = originalRadius.ClampFromBelow(0.0001); var distance = someVector.Magnitude.ClampFromAbove(maxDistance);

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• I’m new to c++. can anyone help me in the following function [migrated]

  - by Laian Alsabbagh

  In this code I’m using a function Distance{to calculate the distance between two nodes } I declare the function like this : int Distance( int x1 , int y1 ,int x2 , y2){ int distance_x = x1-x2; int distance_y = y1- y2; int distance =sqrt( (distance_x * distance_x) + (distance_y * distance_y)); return distance ; } and in the main memory I have 2 for loops what iam asking for ,can I pass the values like this?? Distance (i, j , i+1 ,j+1) for(int i=0;i< No_Max;i++) { for(int j=0;j<No_Max;j++) { if( Distance (i, j , i+1 ,j+1)<=Radio_Range)//the function node_degree[i]=node_degree[i]+1; cout<<node_degree[i]<<endl; } }

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• JavaScript String Library - Hitting a Minor Roadblock

  - by OneNerd

  Ok - am trying to create a string library that contains a handful of useful things missing from JavaScript. Here is what I have so far: ;function $__STRING__$(in_string) { /* internal functions */ this.s = in_string; this.toString = function(){return this.s;}; /******* these functions CAN be chained (they return the $__STRING__$ object) ******/ this.uppercase = function(){this.s = this.s.toUpperCase(); return this;}; this.lowercase = function(){this.s = this.s.toLowerCase(); return this;}; this.trim = function(){this.s = this.s.replace(/^\s+|\s+$/g,""); return this;}; this.ltrim = function(){this.s = this.s.replace(/^\s+/,""); return this;}; this.rtrim = function(){this.s = this.s.replace(/\s+$/,""); return this;}; this.striptags = function(){this.s = this.s.replace(/<\/?[^>]+(>|$)/g, ""); return this;}; this.escapetags = function(){this.s = this.s.replace(/</g,"<").replace(/>/g,">"); return this;}; this.unescapetags = function(){this.s = this.s.replace(/</g,"<").replace(/>/g,">"); return this;}; this.underscorize = function(){this.s = this.s.replace(/ /g,"_"); return this;}; this.dasherize = function(){this.s = this.s.replace(/ /g,"-"); return this;}; this.spacify = function(){this.s = this.s.replace(/_/g," "); return this;}; this.left = function(length){this.s = this.s.substring(length,0); return this;}; this.right = function(length){this.s = this.s.substring(this.s.length,this.s.length-length); return this;}; this.shorten = function(length){if(this.s.length<=length){return this.s;}else{this.left(this.s,length)+"..."; return this;}}; this.mid = function(start,length){return this.s.substring(start,(length+start));}; this._down = function(){return this.s;}; // breaks chain, but lets you run core js string functions /******* these functions CANNOT be chained (they do not return the $__STRING__$ object) ******/ this.contains = function(needle){if(this.s.indexOf(needle)!==-1){return true;}else{return false;}}; this.startswith = function(needle){if(this.left(this.s,needle.length)==needle){return true;}else{return false;}}; this.endswith = function(needle){if(this.right(this.s,needle.length)==needle){return true;}else{return false;};}; } function $E(in_string){return new $__STRING__$(in_string);} String.prototype._enhance = function(){return new $__STRING__$(this);}; String.prototype._up = function(){return new $__STRING__$(this);}; It works fairly well, and I can chain commands etc. I set it up so I can cast a string as an enhanced string these 2 ways: $E('some string'); 'some string'._enhance(); However, each time I want to use a built-in string method, I need to convert it back to a string first. So for now, I put in _down() and _up() methods like so: alert( $E("hello man").uppercase()._down().replace("N", "Y")._up().dasherize() ); alert( "hello man"._enhance().uppercase()._down().replace("N", "Y")._up().dasherize() ); It works fine, but what I really want to do it be able to use all of the built-in functions a string can use. I realize I can just replicate each function inside my object, but I was hoping there was a simpler way. So question is, is there an easy way to do that? Thanks -

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• Applying ServiceKnownTypeAttribute to WCF service with Spring

  - by avidgoffer

  I am trying to apply the ServiceKnownTypeAttribute to my WCF Service but keep getting the error below my config. Does anyone have any ideas? <object id="HHGEstimating" type="Spring.ServiceModel.ServiceExporter, Spring.Services"> <property name="TargetName" value="HHGEstimatingHelper"/> <property name="Name" value="HHGEstimating"/> <property name="Namespace" value="http://www.igcsoftware.com/HHGEstimating"/> <property name="TypeAttributes"> <list> <ref local="wcfErrorBehavior"/> <ref local="wcfSilverlightFaultBehavior"/> <object type="System.ServiceModel.ServiceKnownTypeAttribute, System.ServiceModel"> <constructor-arg name="type" value="IGCSoftware.HHG.Business.UserControl.AtlasUser, IGCSoftware.HHG.Business"/> </object> </list> </property> Error thrown by a dependency of object 'HHGEstimating' defined in 'assembly [IGCSoftware.HHG.WebService, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null], resource [IGCSoftware.HHG.WebService.Resources.Spring.objects.xml] line 46' : '1' constructor arguments specified but no matching constructor found in object 'System.ServiceModel.ServiceKnownTypeAttribute#25A5628' (hint: specify argument indexes, names, or types to avoid ambiguities). while resolving 'TypeAttributes[2]' to 'System.ServiceModel.ServiceKnownTypeAttribute#25A5628' defined in 'assembly [IGCSoftware.HHG.WebService, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null], resource [IGCSoftware.HHG.WebService.Resources.Spring.objects.xml] line 46' Description: An unhandled exception occurred during the execution of the current web request. Please review the stack trace for more information about the error and where it originated in the code. Exception Details: Spring.Objects.Factory.ObjectCreationException: Error thrown by a dependency of object 'HHGEstimating' defined in 'assembly [IGCSoftware.HHG.WebService, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null], resource [IGCSoftware.HHG.WebService.Resources.Spring.objects.xml] line 46' : '1' constructor arguments specified but no matching constructor found in object 'System.ServiceModel.ServiceKnownTypeAttribute#25A5628' (hint: specify argument indexes, names, or types to avoid ambiguities). while resolving 'TypeAttributes[2]' to 'System.ServiceModel.ServiceKnownTypeAttribute#25A5628' defined in 'assembly [IGCSoftware.HHG.WebService, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null], resource [IGCSoftware.HHG.WebService.Resources.Spring.objects.xml] line 46' Source Error: An unhandled exception was generated during the execution of the current web request. Information regarding the origin and location of the exception can be identified using the exception stack trace below. Stack Trace: [ObjectCreationException: Error thrown by a dependency of object 'HHGEstimating' defined in 'assembly [IGCSoftware.HHG.WebService, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null], resource [IGCSoftware.HHG.WebService.Resources.Spring.objects.xml] line 46' : '1' constructor arguments specified but no matching constructor found in object 'System.ServiceModel.ServiceKnownTypeAttribute#25A5628' (hint: specify argument indexes, names, or types to avoid ambiguities). while resolving 'TypeAttributes[2]' to 'System.ServiceModel.ServiceKnownTypeAttribute#25A5628' defined in 'assembly [IGCSoftware.HHG.WebService, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null], resource [IGCSoftware.HHG.WebService.Resources.Spring.objects.xml] line 46'] Spring.Objects.Factory.Support.ObjectDefinitionValueResolver.ResolveInnerObjectDefinition(String name, String innerObjectName, String argumentName, IObjectDefinition definition, Boolean singletonOwner) in l:\projects\spring-net\trunk\src\Spring\Spring.Core\Objects\Factory\Support\ObjectDefinitionValueResolver.cs:300 Spring.Objects.Factory.Support.ObjectDefinitionValueResolver.ResolvePropertyValue(String name, IObjectDefinition definition, String argumentName, Object argumentValue) in l:\projects\spring-net\trunk\src\Spring\Spring.Core\Objects\Factory\Support\ObjectDefinitionValueResolver.cs:150 Spring.Objects.Factory.Support.ObjectDefinitionValueResolver.ResolveValueIfNecessary(String name, IObjectDefinition definition, String argumentName, Object argumentValue) in l:\projects\spring-net\trunk\src\Spring\Spring.Core\Objects\Factory\Support\ObjectDefinitionValueResolver.cs:112 Spring.Objects.Factory.Config.ManagedList.Resolve(String objectName, IObjectDefinition definition, String propertyName, ManagedCollectionElementResolver resolver) in l:\projects\spring-net\trunk\src\Spring\Spring.Core\Objects\Factory\Config\ManagedList.cs:126 Spring.Objects.Factory.Support.ObjectDefinitionValueResolver.ResolvePropertyValue(String name, IObjectDefinition definition, String argumentName, Object argumentValue) in l:\projects\spring-net\trunk\src\Spring\Spring.Core\Objects\Factory\Support\ObjectDefinitionValueResolver.cs:201 Spring.Objects.Factory.Support.ObjectDefinitionValueResolver.ResolveValueIfNecessary(String name, IObjectDefinition definition, String argumentName, Object argumentValue) in l:\projects\spring-net\trunk\src\Spring\Spring.Core\Objects\Factory\Support\ObjectDefinitionValueResolver.cs:112 Spring.Objects.Factory.Support.AbstractAutowireCapableObjectFactory.ApplyPropertyValues(String name, RootObjectDefinition definition, IObjectWrapper wrapper, IPropertyValues properties) in l:\projects\spring-net\trunk\src\Spring\Spring.Core\Objects\Factory\Support\AbstractAutowireCapableObjectFactory.cs:373 Spring.Objects.Factory.Support.AbstractAutowireCapableObjectFactory.PopulateObject(String name, RootObjectDefinition definition, IObjectWrapper wrapper) in l:\projects\spring-net\trunk\src\Spring\Spring.Core\Objects\Factory\Support\AbstractAutowireCapableObjectFactory.cs:563 Spring.Objects.Factory.Support.AbstractAutowireCapableObjectFactory.ConfigureObject(String name, RootObjectDefinition definition, IObjectWrapper wrapper) in l:\projects\spring-net\trunk\src\Spring\Spring.Core\Objects\Factory\Support\AbstractAutowireCapableObjectFactory.cs:1844 Spring.Objects.Factory.Support.AbstractAutowireCapableObjectFactory.InstantiateObject(String name, RootObjectDefinition definition, Object[] arguments, Boolean allowEagerCaching, Boolean suppressConfigure) in l:\projects\spring-net\trunk\src\Spring\Spring.Core\Objects\Factory\Support\AbstractAutowireCapableObjectFactory.cs:918 Spring.Objects.Factory.Support.AbstractObjectFactory.CreateAndCacheSingletonInstance(String objectName, RootObjectDefinition objectDefinition, Object[] arguments) in l:\projects\spring-net\trunk\src\Spring\Spring.Core\Objects\Factory\Support\AbstractObjectFactory.cs:2120 Spring.Objects.Factory.Support.AbstractObjectFactory.GetObjectInternal(String name, Type requiredType, Object[] arguments, Boolean suppressConfigure) in l:\projects\spring-net\trunk\src\Spring\Spring.Core\Objects\Factory\Support\AbstractObjectFactory.cs:2046 Spring.Objects.Factory.Support.DefaultListableObjectFactory.PreInstantiateSingletons() in l:\projects\spring-net\trunk\src\Spring\Spring.Core\Objects\Factory\Support\DefaultListableObjectFactory.cs:505 Spring.Context.Support.AbstractApplicationContext.Refresh() in l:\projects\spring-net\trunk\src\Spring\Spring.Core\Context\Support\AbstractApplicationContext.cs:911 _dynamic_Spring.Context.Support.XmlApplicationContext..ctor(Object[] ) +197 Spring.Reflection.Dynamic.SafeConstructor.Invoke(Object[] arguments) in l:\projects\spring-net\trunk\src\Spring\Spring.Core\Reflection\Dynamic\DynamicConstructor.cs:116 Spring.Context.Support.RootContextInstantiator.InvokeContextConstructor(ConstructorInfo ctor) in l:\projects\spring-net\trunk\src\Spring\Spring.Core\Context\Support\ContextHandler.cs:550 Spring.Context.Support.ContextInstantiator.InstantiateContext() in l:\projects\spring-net\trunk\src\Spring\Spring.Core\Context\Support\ContextHandler.cs:494 Spring.Context.Support.ContextHandler.InstantiateContext(IApplicationContext parentContext, Object configContext, String contextName, Type contextType, Boolean caseSensitive, String[] resources) in l:\projects\spring-net\trunk\src\Spring\Spring.Core\Context\Support\ContextHandler.cs:330 Spring.Context.Support.ContextHandler.Create(Object parent, Object configContext, XmlNode section) in l:\projects\spring-net\trunk\src\Spring\Spring.Core\Context\Support\ContextHandler.cs:280 [ConfigurationErrorsException: Error creating context 'spring.root': Error thrown by a dependency of object 'HHGEstimating' defined in 'assembly [IGCSoftware.HHG.WebService, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null], resource [IGCSoftware.HHG.WebService.Resources.Spring.objects.xml] line 46' : '1' constructor arguments specified but no matching constructor found in object 'System.ServiceModel.ServiceKnownTypeAttribute#25A5628' (hint: specify argument indexes, names, or types to avoid ambiguities). while resolving 'TypeAttributes[2]' to 'System.ServiceModel.ServiceKnownTypeAttribute#25A5628' defined in 'assembly [IGCSoftware.HHG.WebService, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null], resource [IGCSoftware.HHG.WebService.Resources.Spring.objects.xml] line 46'] System.Configuration.BaseConfigurationRecord.EvaluateOne(String[] keys, SectionInput input, Boolean isTrusted, FactoryRecord factoryRecord, SectionRecord sectionRecord, Object parentResult) +202 System.Configuration.BaseConfigurationRecord.Evaluate(FactoryRecord factoryRecord, SectionRecord sectionRecord, Object parentResult, Boolean getLkg, Boolean getRuntimeObject, Object& result, Object& resultRuntimeObject) +1061 System.Configuration.BaseConfigurationRecord.GetSectionRecursive(String configKey, Boolean getLkg, Boolean checkPermission, Boolean getRuntimeObject, Boolean requestIsHere, Object& result, Object& resultRuntimeObject) +1431 System.Configuration.BaseConfigurationRecord.GetSection(String configKey, Boolean getLkg, Boolean checkPermission) +56 System.Configuration.BaseConfigurationRecord.GetSection(String configKey) +8 System.Web.Configuration.HttpConfigurationSystem.GetApplicationSection(String sectionName) +45 System.Web.Configuration.HttpConfigurationSystem.GetSection(String sectionName) +49 System.Web.Configuration.HttpConfigurationSystem.System.Configuration.Internal.IInternalConfigSystem.GetSection(String configKey) +6 System.Configuration.ConfigurationManager.GetSection(String sectionName) +78 Spring.Util.ConfigurationUtils.GetSection(String sectionName) in l:\projects\spring-net\trunk\src\Spring\Spring.Core\Util\ConfigurationUtils.cs:69 Spring.Context.Support.ContextRegistry.InitializeContextIfNeeded() in l:\projects\spring-net\trunk\src\Spring\Spring.Core\Context\Support\ContextRegistry.cs:340 Spring.Context.Support.ContextRegistry.GetContext() in l:\projects\spring-net\trunk\src\Spring\Spring.Core\Context\Support\ContextRegistry.cs:206 Spring.ServiceModel.Activation.ServiceHostFactory.CreateServiceHost(String reference, Uri[] baseAddresses) in l:\projects\spring-net\trunk\src\Spring\Spring.Services\ServiceModel\Activation\ServiceHostFactory.cs:66 System.ServiceModel.HostingManager.CreateService(String normalizedVirtualPath) +11687036 System.ServiceModel.HostingManager.ActivateService(String normalizedVirtualPath) +42 System.ServiceModel.HostingManager.EnsureServiceAvailable(String normalizedVirtualPath) +479 [ServiceActivationException: The service '/HHGEstimating.svc' cannot be activated due to an exception during compilation. The exception message is: Error creating context 'spring.root': Error thrown by a dependency of object 'HHGEstimating' defined in 'assembly [IGCSoftware.HHG.WebService, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null], resource [IGCSoftware.HHG.WebService.Resources.Spring.objects.xml] line 46' : '1' constructor arguments specified but no matching constructor found in object 'System.ServiceModel.ServiceKnownTypeAttribute#25A5628' (hint: specify argument indexes, names, or types to avoid ambiguities). while resolving 'TypeAttributes[2]' to 'System.ServiceModel.ServiceKnownTypeAttribute#25A5628' defined in 'assembly [IGCSoftware.HHG.WebService, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null], resource [IGCSoftware.HHG.WebService.Resources.Spring.objects.xml] line 46'.] System.ServiceModel.AsyncResult.End(IAsyncResult result) +11592858 System.ServiceModel.Activation.HostedHttpRequestAsyncResult.End(IAsyncResult result) +194 System.ServiceModel.Activation.HostedHttpRequestAsyncResult.ExecuteSynchronous(HttpApplication context, Boolean flowContext) +176 System.ServiceModel.Activation.HttpModule.ProcessRequest(Object sender, EventArgs e) +275 System.Web.SyncEventExecutionStep.System.Web.HttpApplication.IExecutionStep.Execute() +68 System.Web.HttpApplication.ExecuteStep(IExecutionStep step, Boolean& completedSynchronously) +75

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• How can I create a new Person object correctly in Javascript?

  - by TimDog

  I'm still struggling with this concept. I have two different Person objects, very simply: ;Person1 = (function() { function P (fname, lname) { P.FirstName = fname; P.LastName = lname; return P; } P.FirstName = ''; P.LastName = ''; var prName = 'private'; P.showPrivate = function() { alert(prName); }; return P; })(); ;Person2 = (function() { var prName = 'private'; this.FirstName = ''; this.LastName = ''; this.showPrivate = function() { alert(prName); }; return function(fname, lname) { this.FirstName = fname; this.LastName = lname; } })(); And let's say I invoke them like this: var s = new Array(); //Person1 s.push(new Person1("sal", "smith")); s.push(new Person1("bill", "wonk")); alert(s[0].FirstName); alert(s[1].FirstName); s[1].showPrivate(); //Person2 s.push(new Person2("sal", "smith")); s.push(new Person2("bill", "wonk")); alert(s[2].FirstName); alert(s[3].FirstName); s[3].showPrivate(); The Person1 set alerts "bill" twice, then alerts "private" once -- so it recognizes the showPrivate function, but the local FirstName variable gets overwritten. The second Person2 set alerts "sal", then "bill", but it fails when the showPrivate function is called. The new keyword here works as I'd expect, but showPrivate (which I thought was a publicly exposed function within the closure) is apparently not public. I want to get my object to have distinct copies of all local variables and also expose public methods -- I've been studying closures quite a bit, but I'm still confused on this one. Thanks for your help.

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• Backbone.js Adding Model to Collection Issue

  - by jtmgdevelopment

  I am building a test application in Backbone.js (my first app using Backbone). The app goes like this: Load Data from server "Plans" Build list of plans and show to screen There is a button to add a new plan Once new plan is added, add to collection ( do not save to server as of now ) redirect to index page and show the new collection ( includes the plan you just added) My issue is with item 5. When I save a plan, I add the model to the collection then redirect to the initial view. At this point, I fetch data from the server. When I fetch data from the server, this overwrites my collection and my added model is gone. How can I prevent this from happening? I have found a way to do this but it is definitely not the correct way at all. Below you will find my code examples for this. Thanks for the help. PlansListView View: var PlansListView = Backbone.View.extend({ tagName : 'ul', initialize : function() { _.bindAll( this, 'render', 'close' ); //reset the view if the collection is reset this.collection.bind( 'reset', this.render , this ); }, render : function() { _.each( this.collection.models, function( plan ){ $( this.el ).append( new PlansListItemView({ model: plan }).render().el ); }, this ); return this; }, close : function() { $( this.el ).unbind(); $( this.el ).remove(); } });//end NewPlanView Save Method var NewPlanView = Backbone.View.extend({ tagName : 'section', template : _.template( $( '#plan-form-template' ).html() ), events : { 'click button.save' : 'savePlan', 'click button.cancel' : 'cancel' }, intialize: function() { _.bindAll( this, 'render', 'save', 'cancel' ); }, render : function() { $( '#container' ).append( $( this.el ).html(this.template( this.model.toJSON() )) ); return this; }, savePlan : function( event ) { this.model.set({ name : 'bad plan', date : 'friday', desc : 'blah', id : Math.floor(Math.random()*11), total_stops : '2' }); this.collection.add( this.model ); app.navigate('', true ); event.preventDefault(); }, cancel : function(){} }); Router (default method): index : function() { this.container.empty(); var self = this; //This is a hack to get this to work //on default page load fetch all plans from the server //if the page has loaded ( this.plans is defined) set the updated plans collection to the view //There has to be a better way!! if( ! this.plans ) { this.plans = new Plans(); this.plans.fetch({ success: function() { self.plansListView = new PlansListView({ collection : self.plans }); $( '#container' ).append( self.plansListView.render().el ); if( self.requestedID ) self.planDetails( self.requestedID ); } }); } else { this.plansListView = new PlansListView({ collection : this.plans }); $( '#container' ).append( self.plansListView.render().el ); if( this.requestedID ) self.planDetails( this.requestedID ); } }, New Plan Route: newPlan : function() { var plan = new Plan({name: 'Cool Plan', date: 'Monday', desc: 'This is a great app'}); this.newPlan = new NewPlanView({ model : plan, collection: this.plans }); this.newPlan.render(); } FULL CODE ( function( $ ){ var Plan = Backbone.Model.extend({ defaults: { name : '', date : '', desc : '' } }); var Plans = Backbone.Collection.extend({ model : Plan, url : '/data/' }); $( document ).ready(function( e ){ var PlansListView = Backbone.View.extend({ tagName : 'ul', initialize : function() { _.bindAll( this, 'render', 'close' ); //reset the view if the collection is reset this.collection.bind( 'reset', this.render , this ); }, render : function() { _.each( this.collection.models, function( plan ){ $( this.el ).append( new PlansListItemView({ model: plan }).render().el ); }, this ); return this; }, close : function() { $( this.el ).unbind(); $( this.el ).remove(); } });//end var PlansListItemView = Backbone.View.extend({ tagName : 'li', template : _.template( $( '#list-item-template' ).html() ), events :{ 'click a' : 'listInfo' }, render : function() { $( this.el ).html( this.template( this.model.toJSON() ) ); return this; }, listInfo : function( event ) { } });//end var PlanView = Backbone.View.extend({ tagName : 'section', events : { 'click button.add-plan' : 'newPlan' }, template: _.template( $( '#plan-template' ).html() ), initialize: function() { _.bindAll( this, 'render', 'close', 'newPlan' ); }, render : function() { $( '#container' ).append( $( this.el ).html( this.template( this.model.toJSON() ) ) ); return this; }, newPlan : function( event ) { app.navigate( 'newplan', true ); }, close : function() { $( this.el ).unbind(); $( this.el ).remove(); } });//end var NewPlanView = Backbone.View.extend({ tagName : 'section', template : _.template( $( '#plan-form-template' ).html() ), events : { 'click button.save' : 'savePlan', 'click button.cancel' : 'cancel' }, intialize: function() { _.bindAll( this, 'render', 'save', 'cancel' ); }, render : function() { $( '#container' ).append( $( this.el ).html(this.template( this.model.toJSON() )) ); return this; }, savePlan : function( event ) { this.model.set({ name : 'bad plan', date : 'friday', desc : 'blah', id : Math.floor(Math.random()*11), total_stops : '2' }); this.collection.add( this.model ); app.navigate('', true ); event.preventDefault(); }, cancel : function(){} }); var AppRouter = Backbone.Router.extend({ container : $( '#container' ), routes : { '' : 'index', 'viewplan/:id' : 'planDetails', 'newplan' : 'newPlan' }, initialize: function(){ }, index : function() { this.container.empty(); var self = this; //This is a hack to get this to work //on default page load fetch all plans from the server //if the page has loaded ( this.plans is defined) set the updated plans collection to the view //There has to be a better way!! if( ! this.plans ) { this.plans = new Plans(); this.plans.fetch({ success: function() { self.plansListView = new PlansListView({ collection : self.plans }); $( '#container' ).append( self.plansListView.render().el ); if( self.requestedID ) self.planDetails( self.requestedID ); } }); } else { this.plansListView = new PlansListView({ collection : this.plans }); $( '#container' ).append( self.plansListView.render().el ); if( this.requestedID ) self.planDetails( this.requestedID ); } }, planDetails : function( id ) { if( this.plans ) { this.plansListView.close(); this.plan = this.plans.get( id ); if( this.planView ) this.planView.close(); this.planView = new PlanView({ model : this.plan }); this.planView.render(); } else{ this.requestedID = id; this.index(); } if( ! this.plans ) this.index(); }, newPlan : function() { var plan = new Plan({name: 'Cool Plan', date: 'Monday', desc: 'This is a great app'}); this.newPlan = new NewPlanView({ model : plan, collection: this.plans }); this.newPlan.render(); } }); var app = new AppRouter(); Backbone.history.start(); }); })( jQuery );

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• Sweave can't see a vector if run from a function ?

  - by PaulHurleyuk

  I have a function that sets a vector to a string, copies a Sweave document with a new name and then runs that Sweave. Inside the Sweave document I want to use the vector I set in the function, but it doesn't seem to see it. (Edit: I changed this function to use tempdir(() as suggested by Dirk) I created a sweave file test_sweave.rnw; % \documentclass[a4paper]{article} \usepackage[OT1]{fontenc} \usepackage{Sweave} \begin{document} \title{Test Sweave Document} \author{gb02413} \maketitle <<>>= ls() Sys.time() print(paste("The chosen study was ",chstud,sep="")) @ \end{document} and I have this function; onOK <- function(){ chstud<-"test" message(paste("Chosen Study is ",chstud,sep="")) newfile<-paste(chstud,"_report",sep="") mypath<-paste(tempdir(),"\\",sep="") setwd(mypath) message(paste("Copying test_sweave.Rnw to ",paste(mypath,newfile,".Rnw",sep=""),sep="")) file.copy("c:\\local\\test_sweave.Rnw", paste(mypath,newfile,".Rnw",sep=""), overwrite=TRUE) Sweave(paste(mypath,newfile,".Rnw",sep="")) require(tools) texi2dvi(file = paste(mypath,newfile,".tex",sep=""), pdf = TRUE) } If I run the code from the function directly, the resulting file has this output for ls(); > ls() [1] "chstud" "mypath" "newfile" "onOK" However If I call onOK() I get this output; > ls() [1] "onOK" and the print(...chstud...)) function generates an error. I suspect this is an environment problem, but I assumed because the call to Sweave occurs within the onOK function, it would be in the same enviroment, and would see all the objects created within the function. How can I get the Sweave process to see the chstud vector ? Thanks Paul.

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• Accessing the calling object into ajax response... (not the ajax call)

  - by Nishchay Sharma

  I have an object of type Application (defined by me). Whenever an object of this type is created, it automatically loads a php file say "start.php" using jquery ajax and assign the response to a div say "Respo". Now what i want is to access the Application object from that Respo div. Unfortunately, i have no clue how to do this... in my ajax call: function Application(options) { ....... var appObj=this; $.ajax({ url:appObj.location, //Already defined success:function(data) { $("#respo").html(data); } }); } Now in my Respo division i want to access that Application object... I tried: alert(this) but it resulted in an object of DOMWindow... i tried editing success function as: function Application(options) { ....... var appObj=this; $.ajax({ url:appObj.location, //Already defined success:function(data) { $("#respo").html("<script type='text/javascript'>var Self="+appObj+"</script>"); $("#respo").html(data); } }); } But i ended nowhere. :( Although if i assign "var Self='nishchay';" then alerting Self from start.php gives nishchay but i am not able to assign the calling object of Application type to the Self variable. It is the only way I cud think of. :\ Please help me... actually my object has some editing functions to control itself - its look and feel and some other options. I want the code loaded by object to control the object itself. Please help me.. Thanks in advance. Nishchay

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• When is it safe to use a broken hash function?

  - by The Rook

  It is trivial to use a secure hash function like SHA256 and continuing to use md5 is reckless behavior. However, there are some complexities to hash function vulnerabilities that I would like to better understand. Collisions have been generated for md4 and md5. According to NIST md5() is not a secure hash function. It only takes 2^39th operations to generate a collision and should never be used for passwords. However SHA1 is vulnerable to a similar collision attack in which a collision can be found in 2^69 operations, where as brute force is 2^80th. No one has generated a sha1 collision and NIST still lists sha1 as a secure message digest function. So when is it safe to use a broken hash function? Even though a function is broken it can still be "big enough". According to Schneier a hash function vulnerable to a collsion attack can still be used as an HMAC. I believe this is because the security of an HMAC is Dependant on its secret key and a collision cannot be found until this key is obtained. Once you have the key used in a HMAC its already broken, so its a moot point. What hash function vulnerabilities would undermine the security of an HMAC? Lets take this property a bit further. Does it then become safe to use a very weak message digest like md4 for passwords if a salt is perpended to the password? Keep in mind the md4 and md5 attacks are prefixing attacks, and if a salt is perpended then an attacker cannot control the prefix of the message. If the salt is truly a secret, and isn't known to the attacker, then does it matter if its a appended to the end of the password? Is it safe to assume that an attacker cannot generate a collision until the entire message has been obtained? Do you know of other cases where a broken hash function can be used in a security context without introducing a vulnerability? (Please post supporting evidence because it is awesome!)

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• How can I get size in bytes of an object sent using RMI?

  - by Lucas Batistussi

  I'm implementing a cache server with MongoDB and ConcurrentHashMap java class. When there are available space to put object in memory, it will put at. Otherwise, the object will be saved in a mongodb database. Is allowed that user specify a size limit in memory (this should not exceed heap size limit obviously!) for the memory cache. The clients can use the cache service connecting through RMI. I need to know the size of each object to verify if a new incoming object can be put into memory. I searched over internet and i got this solution to get size: public long getObjectSize(Object o){ try { ByteArrayOutputStream bos = new ByteArrayOutputStream(); ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(bos); oos.writeObject(o); oos.close(); return bos.size(); } catch (Exception e) { return Long.MAX_VALUE; } } This solution works very well. But, in terms of memory use doesn't solve my problem. :( If many clients are verifying the object size at same time this will cause stack overflow, right? Well... some people can say: Why you don't get the specific object size and store it in memory and when another object is need to put in memory check the object size? This is not possible because the objects are variable in size. :( Someone can help me? I was thinking in get socket from RMI communication, but I don't know how to do this...

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• Function keys require Fn modifer. How can I make them default?

  - by RickMeasham

  On my Dell Studio 15, the function keys, by default, do things like switch the radio on/off or change the brightness or sound. To use them as function keys I have to hold down the Fn modifier. I use function keys as function keys a lot more often than I want to change the volume or brightness. Am I missing an obvious setting somewhere in the control panel (Vista Uber Extreme Something)?

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• A jQuery Plug-in to monitor Html Element CSS Changes

  - by Rick Strahl

  Here's a scenario I've run into on a few occasions: I need to be able to monitor certain CSS properties on an HTML element and know when that CSS element changes. The need for this arose out of wanting to build generic components that could 'attach' themselves to other objects and monitor changes on the ‘parent’ object so the dependent object can adjust itself accordingly. What I wanted to create is a jQuery plug-in that allows me to specify a list of CSS properties to monitor and have a function fire in response to any change to any of those CSS properties. The result are the .watch() and .unwatch() jQuery plug-ins. Here’s a simple example page of this plug-in that demonstrates tracking changes to an element being moved with draggable and closable behavior: http://www.west-wind.com/WestWindWebToolkit/samples/Ajax/jQueryPluginSamples/WatcherPlugin.htm Try it with different browsers – IE and FireFox use the DOM event handlers and Chrome, Safari and Opera use setInterval handlers to manage this behavior. It should work in all of them but all but IE and FireFox will show a bit of lag between the changes in the main element and the shadow. The relevant HTML for this example is this fragment of a main <div> (#notebox) and an element that is to mimic a shadow (#shadow). <div class="containercontent"> <div id="notebox" style="width: 200px; height: 150px;position: absolute; z-index: 20; padding: 20px; background-color: lightsteelblue;"> Go ahead drag me around and close me! </div> <div id="shadow" style="background-color: Gray; z-index: 19;position:absolute;display: none;"> </div> </div> The watcher plug in is then applied to the main <div> and shadow in sync with the following plug-in code: <script type="text/javascript"> $(document).ready(function () { var counter = 0; $("#notebox").watch("top,left,height,width,display,opacity", function (data, i) { var el = $(this); var sh = $("#shadow"); var propChanged = data.props[i]; var valChanged = data.vals[i]; counter++; showStatus("Prop: " + propChanged + " value: " + valChanged + " " + counter); var pos = el.position(); var w = el.outerWidth(); var h = el.outerHeight(); sh.css({ width: w, height: h, left: pos.left + 5, top: pos.top + 5, display: el.css("display"), opacity: el.css("opacity") }); }) .draggable() .closable() .css("left", 10); }); </script> When you run this page as you drag the #notebox element the #shadow element will maintain and stay pinned underneath the #notebox element effectively keeping the shadow attached to the main element. Likewise, if you hide or fadeOut() the #notebox element the shadow will also go away – show the #notebox element and the shadow also re-appears because we are assigning the display property from the parent on the shadow. Note we’re attaching the .watch() plug-in to the #notebox element and have it fire whenever top,left,height,width,opacity or display CSS properties are changed. The passed data element contains a props[] and vals[] array that holds the properties monitored and their current values. An index passed as the second parm tells you which property has changed and what its current value is (propChanged/valChanged in the code above). The rest of the watcher handler code then deals with figuring out the main element’s position and recalculating and setting the shadow’s position using the jQuery .css() function. Note that this is just an example to demonstrate the watch() behavior here – this is not the best way to create a shadow. If you’re interested in a more efficient and cleaner way to handle shadows with a plug-in check out the .shadow() plug-in in ww.jquery.js (code search for fn.shadow) which uses native CSS features when available but falls back to a tracked shadow element on browsers that don’t support it, which is how this watch() plug-in came about in the first place :-) How does it work? The plug-in works by letting the user specify a list of properties to monitor as a comma delimited string and a handler function: el.watch("top,left,height,width,display,opacity", function (data, i) {}, 100, id) You can also specify an interval (if no DOM event monitoring isn’t available in the browser) and an ID that identifies the event handler uniquely. The watch plug-in works by hooking up to DOMAttrModified in FireFox, to onPropertyChanged in Internet Explorer, or by using a timer with setInterval to handle the detection of changes for other browsers. Unfortunately WebKit doesn’t support DOMAttrModified consistently at the moment so Safari and Chrome currently have to use the slower setInterval mechanism. In response to a changed property (or a setInterval timer hit) a JavaScript handler is fired which then runs through all the properties monitored and determines if and which one has changed. The DOM events fire on all property/style changes so the intermediate plug-in handler filters only those hits we’re interested in. If one of our monitored properties has changed the specified event handler function is called along with a data object and an index that identifies the property that’s changed in the data.props/data.vals arrays. The jQuery plugin to implement this functionality looks like this: (function($){ $.fn.watch = function (props, func, interval, id) { /// <summary> /// Allows you to monitor changes in a specific /// CSS property of an element by polling the value. /// when the value changes a function is called. /// The function called is called in the context /// of the selected element (ie. this) /// </summary> /// <param name="prop" type="String">CSS Properties to watch sep. by commas</param> /// <param name="func" type="Function"> /// Function called when the value has changed. /// </param> /// <param name="interval" type="Number"> /// Optional interval for browsers that don't support DOMAttrModified or propertychange events. /// Determines the interval used for setInterval calls. /// </param> /// <param name="id" type="String">A unique ID that identifies this watch instance on this element</param> /// <returns type="jQuery" /> if (!interval) interval = 100; if (!id) id = "_watcher"; return this.each(function () { var _t = this; var el$ = $(this); var fnc = function () { __watcher.call(_t, id) }; var data = { id: id, props: props.split(","), vals: [props.split(",").length], func: func, fnc: fnc, origProps: props, interval: interval, intervalId: null }; // store initial props and values $.each(data.props, function (i) { data.vals[i] = el$.css(data.props[i]); }); el$.data(id, data); hookChange(el$, id, data); }); function hookChange(el$, id, data) { el$.each(function () { var el = $(this); if (typeof (el.get(0).onpropertychange) == "object") el.bind("propertychange." + id, data.fnc); else if ($.browser.mozilla) el.bind("DOMAttrModified." + id, data.fnc); else data.intervalId = setInterval(data.fnc, interval); }); } function __watcher(id) { var el$ = $(this); var w = el$.data(id); if (!w) return; var _t = this; if (!w.func) return; // must unbind or else unwanted recursion may occur el$.unwatch(id); var changed = false; var i = 0; for (i; i < w.props.length; i++) { var newVal = el$.css(w.props[i]); if (w.vals[i] != newVal) { w.vals[i] = newVal; changed = true; break; } } if (changed) w.func.call(_t, w, i); // rebind event hookChange(el$, id, w); } } $.fn.unwatch = function (id) { this.each(function () { var el = $(this); var data = el.data(id); try { if (typeof (this.onpropertychange) == "object") el.unbind("propertychange." + id, data.fnc); else if ($.browser.mozilla) el.unbind("DOMAttrModified." + id, data.fnc); else clearInterval(data.intervalId); } // ignore if element was already unbound catch (e) { } }); return this; } })(jQuery); Note that there’s a corresponding .unwatch() plug-in that can be used to stop monitoring properties. The ID parameter is optional both on watch() and unwatch() – a standard name is used if you don’t specify one, but it’s a good idea to use unique names for each element watched to avoid overlap in event ids especially if you’re monitoring many elements. The syntax is: $.fn.watch = function(props, func, interval, id) props A comma delimited list of CSS style properties that are to be watched for changes. If any of the specified properties changes the function specified in the second parameter is fired. func The function fired in response to a changed styles. Receives this as the element changed and an object parameter that represents the watched properties and their respective values. The first parameter is passed in this structure: { id: watcherId, props: [], vals: [], func: thisFunc, fnc: internalHandler, origProps: strPropertyListOnWatcher }; A second parameter is the index of the changed property so data.props[i] or data.vals[i] gets the property and changed value. interval The interval for setInterval() for those browsers that don't support property watching in the DOM. In milliseconds. id An optional id that identifies this watcher. Required only if multiple watchers might be hooked up to the same element. The default is _watcher if not specified. It’s been a Journey I started building this plug-in about two years ago and had to make many modifications to it in response to changes in jQuery and also in browser behaviors. I think the latest round of changes made should make this plug-in fairly future proof going forward (although I hope there will be better cross-browser change event notifications in the future). One of the big problems I ran into had to do with recursive change notifications – it looks like starting with jQuery 1.44 and later, jQuery internally modifies element properties on some calls to some .css()  property retrievals and things like outerHeight/Width(). In IE this would cause nasty lock up issues at times. In response to this I changed the code to unbind the events when the handler function is called and then rebind when it exits. This also makes user code less prone to stack overflow recursion as you can actually change properties on the base element. It also means though that if you change one of the monitors properties in the handler the watch() handler won’t fire in response – you need to resort to a setTimeout() call instead to force the code to run outside of the handler: $("#notebox") el.watch("top,left,height,width,display,opacity", function (data, i) { var el = $(this); … // this makes el changes work setTimeout(function () { el.css("top", 10) },10); }) Since I’ve built this component I’ve had a lot of good uses for it. The .shadow() fallback functionality is one of them. Resources The watch() plug-in is part of ww.jquery.js and the West Wind West Wind Web Toolkit. You’re free to use this code here or the code from the toolkit. West Wind Web Toolkit Latest version of ww.jquery.js (search for fn.watch) watch plug-in documentation © Rick Strahl, West Wind Technologies, 2005-2011Posted in ASP.NET  JavaScript  jQuery  

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