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• linux hardware raid 10 / lvm / virtual machine partition alignment and filesystem optimization

  - by Jason Ward

  I've been reading everything I can find about partition alignment and filesystem optimization (ext4 and xfs) but still don't know enough to be confident in setting up my current configuration. My remaining confusion comes from the LVM layer and if I should use raid parameters on the filesystem in guest os'es. My main questions are: When I use 'pvcreate --dataalignment' do I use the stripe-width as calculated for a filesystem on RAID (128kB for ext4 in my situation), the Stripe size of the RAID set (256kB), something else altogether, or do I not need this? When I create ext2/3/4 or xfs filesystems in guests on the Logical Volumes, should I add the settings for the underlying RAID (e.g. mkfs.ext4 -b 4096 -E stride=64,stripe-width=128)? Does anyone see any glaring errors in my set up below? I'm running some benchmarks now but haven't done enough to start comparing results. I have four drives in RAID 10 on a 3ware 9750-4i controller (more details on the settings below) giving me a 6.0TB device at /dev/sda. Here is my partition table: Model: LSI 9750-4i DISK (scsi) Disk /dev/sda: 5722024MiB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: gpt Number Start End Size File system Name Flags 1 1.00MiB 257MiB 256MiB ext4 BOOTPART boot 2 257MiB 4353MiB 4096MiB linux-swap(v1) 3 4353MiB 266497MiB 262144MiB ext4 4 266497MiB 4460801MiB 4194304MiB Partition 1 is to be the /boot partition for my xen host. Partition 2 is swap. Partition 3 is to be the root (/) for my xen host. Partition 4 is to be (the only) physical volume to be used by LVM (for those who are counting, I left about 1.2TB unallocated for now) For my Xen guests, I usually create a Logical Volume of the needed size and present it to the guests for them to partition as needed. I know there are other ways of handling that but this method works best for my situation. Here's the hardware of interest on my CentOS 6.3 Xen Host: 4x Seagate Barracuda 3TB ST3000DM001 Drives (sector size: 512 logical/4096 physical) 3ware 9750-4i w/BBU (sector size reported: 512 logical/512 physical) All four drives make up a RAID 10 array. Stripe: 256kB Write Cache enabled Read Cache: intelligent StoreSave: Balance Thanks!

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• VNC on Xen failure

  - by BCable

  The following config works and creates a good VM in Xen: # Kernel Setup kernel = "/boot/vmlinuz-2.6.18.8-xenU" # Memory memory = "256" # Disk disk = [ "file:/opt/xen/domains/110/sda1.img,sda1,w", "file:/opt/xen/domains/110/swap.img,sda2,w" ] # container name name = "110" hostname = "boo" # Networking vif = ["type=ieomu, bridge=xenbr0"] # VNC vnc = 1 #vfb = [ 'type=vnc,vncdisplay=2,vnclisten=0.0.0.0,vncpasswd=110' ] # Behavior Settings root = "/dev/sda1" extra = "fastboot" But when I uncomment the VFB line, I get the following error after it hangs for at least 30 seconds: [root@customer 110]# xm create boo.cfg Using config file "./boo.cfg". Error: Device 0 (vkbd) could not be connected. Hotplug scripts not working. Any ideas? Part two of this question: Sometimes it actually works, and a port is opened. When this happens, nmap shows the VNC ports open and I can connect via the VNC client, but it just hangs at "Connection established." and no VNC display shows up. I've tried multiple VNC clients (TightVNC, TightVNC Java Console, RealVNC), but they all fail to connect. Does VNC through Xen require X to be started in order to function? I was under the impression that it would show the console screen, so I'm confused as to why all these issues are occurring. Thanks!

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• Software mirroring (RAID1) versus "Fake Raid" for new Windows 7 install

  - by kquinn

  I've just ordered two new hard drives for my main desktop and a copy of Windows 7 Professional 64-bit. I'd like to do a clean install of Win7 onto the new drives (leaving my old XP Pro boot partition around for a while in case something goes disastrously wrong, etc.). I want to have them set up in mirrored (RAID-1) mode. My understanding is that Win7 Pro can do software mirroring, but can I set this up directly at install time? If so, how? Note that I'd like the disk to be split into three partitions (OS/Apps&Data/Bulk data), all of which should be mirrored. Would it be better (more reliable or faster) to use my motherboard's hardware RAID support? My motherboard is an older nVidia nForce 680i SLI, which is not the most stable of motherboards, and I'm not sure how trustworthy its RAID1 configuration might be (or if Win7 could even detect and install onto a hardware-mirrored volume). Also, the performance characteristics of RAID1 are rather different than RAID0 or RAID5, and I'm wondering if Win7's software mirroring might actually be faster than hardware RAID1 (for example, I'm more of a Unix admin when I have to wear the sysadmin hat, and I've had great success deploying ZFS; most hardware RAID1 implementations have to read both disks and compare results to look for data errors, but ZFS can read from only one disk in the mirror and just use the built-in checksum, meaning it can have up to 2x the number of reads in-flight, as long as there's no data corruption). Edit: Okay, my question about whether Windows 7 can do software mirroring has been answered, and it can. I'm still unsure whether Windows software RAID or my motherboard's hardware "fake RAID" function is a better choice, though. Remember, I'm only interested in mirroring -- not the more complicated striping or parity operations that generally show the poor performance of crappy motherboard RAID solutions.

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• Surprising corruption and never-ending fsck after resizing a filesystem.

  - by Steve Kemp

  System in question has Debian Lenny installed, running a 2.65.27.38 kernel. System has 16Gb memory, and 8x1Tb drives running behind a 3Ware RAID card. The storage is managed via LVM. Short version: Running a KVM guest which had 1.7Tb storage allocated to it. The guest was reaching a full-disk. So we decided to resize the disk that it was running upon We're pretty familiar with LVM, and KVM, so we figured this would be a painless operation: Stop the KVM guest. Extend the size of the LVM partition: "lvextend -L+500Gb ..." Check the filesystem : "e2fsck -f /dev/mapper/..." Resize the filesystem: "resize2fs /dev/mapper/" Start the guest. The guest booted successfully, and running "df" showed the extra space, however a short time later the system decided to remount the filesystem read-only, without any explicit indication of error. Being paranoid we shut the guest down and ran the filesystem check again, given the new size of the filesystem we expected this to take a while, however it has now been running for 24 hours and there is no indication of how long it will take. Using strace I can see the fsck is "doing stuff", similarly running "vmstat 1" I can see that there are a lot of block input/output operations occurring. So now my question is threefold: Has anybody come across a similar situation? Generally we've done this kind of resize in the past with zero issues. What is the most likely cause? (3Ware card shows the RAID arrays of the backing stores as being A-OK, the host system hasn't rebooted and nothing in dmesg looks important/unusual) Ignoring brtfs + ext3 (not mature enough to trust) should we make our larger partitions in a different filesystem in the future to avoid either this corruption (whatever the cause) or reduce the fsck time? xfs seems like the obvious candidate?

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• Permissions Required for Sharepoint Backups

  - by Wyatt Barnett

  We are in the process of rolling out an extranet for some of our partners using WSS 3.0 as the platform. We already use it internally for a variety of things, and we are using the following powershell script to backup the server: param( $url="http://localhost", $backupFolder="c:\" ) [System.Reflection.Assembly]::LoadWithPartialName("Microsoft.SharePoint") $site= new-Object Microsoft.SharePoint.SPSite($url) $names=$site.WebApplication.Sites.Names foreach ($name in $names) { $n2 = "" if ($name.Length -eq 0) { $n2="ROOT" } else { $n2 = $name } $tmp=$n2.Replace("/", "_") + ".sbk" $saveas = "" if ($backupFolder.Length -eq 0) { $saveas = $tmp } else { $saveas = join-path -path $backupFolder -childPath $tmp } $site.WebApplication.Sites.Backup($name, $saveas, "true") write-host "$n2 backed up to $saveas." } This script works perfectly on the current installation running as our domain backup user. On the new box, it fails when ran as the backup user--claiming "The web application located at http://extranet/" could not be found. That url does, in fact, work so I'm fairly certain it isn't anything that dumb and rather is some permissions issue. Especially because, when executed from my security context, the script works perfectly. I have tried making the backup user a farm owner, as well as added him to the various site collection admin groups on the extranet. The one major difference between the extranet and the intranet server is that the extranet has an alternative access mapping (for https://xnet.example.com) and also uses forms authentication for that mapping. Anyhow, what permissions (or other voodoo) do I need to setup to get this script to work properly?

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• Home server hard drive: 186k start-stop cycles in 325 days?

  - by j-g-faustus

  I set up a home server about a year ago, using Ubuntu server (10.04 LTS at the moment), four disks in RAID 5 for storage (WD Green 1.5 TB) and a laptop drive for the OS. Today the output of smartctl, a command line utility for checking the SMART attributes of a hard drive, tells me that the primary OS drive has had no less than 186,000 start-stop cycles in 325 days and may be nearing the end of its lifespan. The smartctl output is in "normalized values", in this case a number between 200 and 000, where 200 is "brand new" and 000 means "worn out". My disk gets 001. So I wonder what happened: 186k start/stop cycles in 7820 hours is about one start/stop per 2.5 minutes around the clock. This seems somewhat excessive for a computer that sees actual use once or twice per day. (The RAID disks are normal, averaging to one start/stop per day, as expected.) Does anyone have similar experiences, or pointers to what might be the issue here? Specifically I'd like to know Why the massive start/stop count? Do I have some sort of configuration issue? Could there be a background service that is causing trouble? Could having a laptop disk as the OS drive be part of the problem? Can anyone confirm or deny this? Here is the /etc/hdparm.conf configuration /dev/sda { apm = 127 spindown_time = 120 } and the most relevant parts of smartctl --attributes /dev/sda: smartctl version 5.38 [x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu] Copyright (C) 2002-8 Bruce Allen === START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION === SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 16 Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds: ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME FLAG VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE UPDATED WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE 1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate 0x002f 200 200 051 Pre-fail Always - 0 4 Start_Stop_Count 0x0032 001 001 000 Old_age Always - 185875 9 Power_On_Hours 0x0032 090 090 000 Old_age Always - 7820 12 Power_Cycle_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 109 193 Load_Cycle_Count 0x0032 118 118 000 Old_age Always - 246833 194 Temperature_Celsius 0x0022 107 098 000 Old_age Always - 36 As I generally prefer my drives to last more than a year, any advice is appreciated.

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• SSRS2008R2 report times out, but the underlying query executes in the Management Studio

  - by Matthew Belk

  A customer of mine recently moved servers and the new server has SQL2008R2. His old server was SQL2005. The new server has substantially better CPU, RAM, and disk performance than the old, but several reports time out while executing. When I run the underlying query in the SQL Management Studio, the query executes in sub-second time. The exact error message returned via the Report Manager UI is: An error occurred within the report server database. This may be due to a connection failure, timeout or low disk condition within the database. (rsReportServerDatabaseError) Timeout expired. The timeout period elapsed prior to completion of the operation or the server is not responding. It must be noted that this database is not just analytical; it's also fairly transactional, although the transaction volume is not exceptionally high. What can I do to improve the performance of the SSRS query engine? Are there settings in the data source I can adjust, or in the SSRS config files?

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• vmdk Recovery after migration from 3.5 to 4 and fallback tentative.

  - by olgirard

  Hy, I've tryed to migrate some VM from my 3.5i environment to a brand new vSphere 4.0 U1. The two platforms are running simultaneously, sharing the same SAN. I Migrate my VM by stopping it, unregistering in vcenter (esx ver. 3.5, i call it esx3), register in vSphere (esx ver. 4, i call it esx4), and migrate upgrade virtual hardware before powering it up (First mistake). vMotion was enabled on esx4, seem to be a second mistake. After a day or so, i encountred problems joigning the esx server (esx4) and decided to unregister my server for esx4 and fallback to esx3. esx3 refused to boot, i supposed this was due to virtual hardware in Version 7 so i recreated a new VM pointing to the vmdk of the old VM. Everithing seemed fine until i log into the server and discover that i was running on the original disk ith every snapshots ignored even those created on esx3. I tried to reboot VM on esx4 but VM doesn't power up because "The parent virtual disk has been modified since the child was created". I've got a copy of a later state of the drive but generated between two snapshots (ovf generated with canverter standalone) as a backup. Do i have a chance to recover at least some files on the virtual drive or (as i tink) all is played, i've done enought mistakes for this time. Thanks for your help.

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• Firefox crash on first load on Ubuntu Linux on older Dell Laptop

  - by Ira Baxter

  I've had a Dell Latitude laptop since about 2000 without managing to destroy it. A month ago the Windows 2000 system on it did something stupid to its file system and Windows was completely lost. No point in reinstalling Windows 2000, so I installed an Ubuntu Linux on the laptop. Everything seems normal (installed, rebooted, I can log in, run GnuChess, poke about). ... but ... when I attempt to launch Firefox from the top bar menu icon, I get a bunch of disk activity, the whirling cursor icon goes round a bit and then everything stops: disk, icon, mouse. Literally nothing happens for 5 minutes. Ubuntu is dead, as far as I can tell. A reboot, and I can repeat this reliably. So on the face of it, everything works but Firefox. That seems really strange. The only odd thing about this system when Firefox is booting is that while it has an Ethernet port (that worked fine under Windows), it isn't actually plugged into an Ethernet. As this is the first Firefox boot since the Ubuntu install, maybe Firefox mishandles Internet access? Why would that crash Ubuntu? (I need to go try the obvious experiment of plugging it in).

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• Firefox crash on first load on Ubuntu Linux on Windows Laptop

  - by Ira Baxter

  I've had a Dell Latitude laptop since about 2000 without managing to destroy it. A month ago the Windows 2000 system on it did something stupid to its file system and Windows was completely lost. No point in reinstalling Windows 2000, so I installed an Ubuntu Linux on the laptop. Everything seems normal (installed, rebooted, I can log in, run GnuChess, poke about). ... but ... when I attempt to launch Firefox from the top bar menu icon, I get a bunch of disk activity, the whirling cursor icon goes round a bit and then everything stops: disk, icon, mouse. Literally nothing happens for 5 minutes. Ubuntu is dead, as far as I can tell. A reboot, and I can repeat this reliably. So on the face of it, everything works but Firefox. That seems really strange. The only odd thing about this system when Firefox is booting is that while it has an Ethernet port (that worked fine under Windows), it isn't actually plugged into an Ethernet. As this is the first Firefox boot since the Ubuntu install, maybe Firefox mishandles Internet access? Why would that crash Ubuntu? (I need to go try the obvious experiment of plugging it in).

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• Millions of files in php's tmp error - how to delete?

  - by Jonatan Littke

  Hey. I've got a tmp-folder with 14 million php session files in my home directory. At least that's what I think it is, it's not like I could ls it or anything. How can I empty this folder? I've tried using find with the -exec rm {} \; commands but that didn't work. ls 'sess_0*' | xargs rm did neither. I'm currently running rm -rf tmp but after two hours the folder appears to be the same size. REFERENCE INFO: I suddenly encountered an error where SESSIONS could no longer be written to disk: [Mon Apr 19 19:58:32 2010] [warn] mod_fcgid: stderr: PHP Warning: Unknown: open(/var/www/clients/client1/web1/tmp/sess_8e12742b62aa68a3f9476ec80222bbfb, O_RDWR) failed: No space left on device (28) in Unknown on line 0 [Mon Apr 19 19:58:32 2010] [warn] mod_fcgid: stderr: PHP Warning: Unknown: Failed to write session data (files). Please verify that the current setting of session.save_path is correct (/var/www/clients/client1/web1/tmp) in Unknown on line 0 I ran: $ df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/md0 457G 126G 308G 29% / tmpfs 1.8G 0 1.8G 0% /lib/init/rw udev 10M 664K 9.4M 7% /dev tmpfs 1.8G 0 1.8G 0% /dev/shm But as you can see, the disk isn't full. So I had a look in the syslog which says the following 20 times per second: kernel: [19570794.361241] EXT3-fs warning (device md0): ext3_dx_add_entry: Directory index full! This led me thinking to a full folder, obviously, but since my web folder only has 60k files (having counted them), I guessed it was the tmp folder (the local one, for this instance of php) that messed things up. Some commands I ran: $ sudo ls sess_a* | xargs rm -f bash: /usr/bin/sudo: Argument list too long find . -exec rm {} \; rm: cannot remove directory '.' find: cannot fork: Cannot allocate memory I'm running Debian Lenny, php5, ISPConfig, SuEXEC and Fast-CGI.

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• calculate AUC (GAM) in R [migrated]

  - by ahmad

  I used the following script to calculate AUC in R: library(mgcv) library(ROCR) library(AUC) data1=read.table("d:\\2005.txt", header=T) GAM<-gam(tuna ~ s(chla)+s(sst)+s(ssha),family=binomial, data=data1) gampred<- predict(GAM, type="response") rp <- prediction(gampred, data1$tuna) auc <- performance( rp, "auc")@y.values[[1]] auc roc <- performance( rp, "tpr", "fpr") plot( roc ) But when I was running the script, the result is: **rp <- prediction(gampred, data1$tuna) Error in prediction(gampred, data1$tuna) : Format of predictions is invalid. > > auc <- performance( rp, "auc")@y.values[[1]] Error in performance(rp, "auc") : object 'rp' not found > auc function (x, min = 0, max = 1) { if (any(class(x) == "roc")) { if (min != 0 || max != 1) { x$fpr <- x$fpr[x$cutoffs >= min & x$cutoffs <= max] x$tpr <- x$tpr[x$cutoffs >= min & x$cutoffs <= max] } ans <- 0 for (i in 2:length(x$fpr)) { ans <- ans + 0.5 * abs(x$fpr[i] - x$fpr[i - 1]) * (x$tpr[i] + x$tpr[i - 1]) } } else if (any(class(x) %in% c("accuracy", "sensitivity", "specificity"))) { if (min != 0 || max != 1) { x$cutoffs <- x$cutoffs[x$cutoffs >= min & x$cutoffs <= max] x$measure <- x$measure[x$cutoffs >= min & x$cutoffs <= max] } ans <- 0 for (i in 2:(length(x$cutoffs))) { ans <- ans + 0.5 * abs(x$cutoffs[i - 1] - x$cutoffs[i]) * (x$measure[i] + x$measure[i - 1]) } } return(as.numeric(ans)) } <bytecode: 0x03012f10> <environment: namespace:AUC> > > roc <- performance( rp, "tpr", "fpr") Error in performance(rp, "tpr", "fpr") : object 'rp' not found > plot( roc ) Error in levels(labels) : argument "labels" is missing, with no default** Can anybody help me to solve this problem? Thank you in advance.

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• CHKDSK is unable to fix NTFS errors

  - by HackToHell

  After my PC shutdown due to power failure, I noticed several errors in EventViewer. The file system structure on the disk is corrupt and unusable. Please run the chkdsk utility on the volume \Device\HarddiskVolume2. and The file system structure on the disk is corrupt and unusable. Please run the chkdsk utility on the volume C:. So I forced a chkdsk check at startup, and it finds a stream of error, here is the output, it is smaller than the actual log, because, Event Viewer only seems to have this much, the same line was repeated thousands of times.Here is that line. Some clusters occupied by attribute of type 0x80 and instance tag 0x4 in file 0x198f2 is already in use. Deleting corrupt attribute record (128, "") from file record segment 104690. Attribute record of type 0x80 and instance tag 0x0 is cross linked Also, even after running CHKDSK, the same errors were being reported again so I ran CHKDSK another time and it still loops the same line above, without fixing the error. Can anyone tell me how to fix it?

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• Setting up Windows network on Xen

  - by samyboy

  I'm trying to install a Windows XP server in a Xen environment. The OS is booting fine. Unfortunately I can't figure out how to set up the network settings. Dom0 is a Debian Lenny currently hosting around 10 Linux virtual servers. Windows tells me I have a "limited connection". It can't get any DHCP response, nor access other hosts in the network Here is the Xen's client config file: kernel = '/usr/lib/xen-3.2-1/boot/hvmloader' builder = 'hvm' memory = '1024' device_model='/usr/lib/xen-3.2-1/bin/qemu-dm' acpi=1 apic=1 pae=1 vcpus=1 name = 'winexchange' # Disks disk = [ 'phy:/dev/wnghosts/exchange-disk,ioemu:hda,w', 'file:/mnt/freespace/ISO/DVD1_Installation.iso,ioemu:hdc:cdrom,r' ] # Networking vif = [ 'mac=00:16:3E:0A:D0:1B, type=ioemu, bridge=xenbr0'] # video stdvga=0 serial='pty' ne2000=0 # Behaviour boot='c' sdl=0 # VNC vfb = [ 'type=vnc' ] vnc=1 vncdisplay=1 vncunused=1 usbdevice='tablet' Server config (/etc/xen/xend-config.sxp) (network-script network-bridge) (network-script network-dummy) (vif-script vif-bridge) (dom0-min-mem 512) (dom0-cpus 0) (vnc-listen '0.0.0.0') Since I use Debian I had to create a link like this: /etc/xen/qemu-ifup - /etc/xen/scripts/qemu-ifup What did I do wrong? Please tell me if you want some more info (logs, etc)

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• Is current SATA 6 gb/s equipment simply unreliable?

  - by korkman

  I have a 45-disk array of Seagate Barracuda 3 TB ST3000DM001 (yes these are desktop drives I'm aware of that) in a Supermicro sc847 JBOD, connected via LSI 9285. I have found a solution for the problem description below by reducing speed via MegaCli -PhySetLinkSpeed -phy0 2 -a0; for i in $(seq 48); do MegaCli -PhySetLinkSpeed -phy${i} 2 -a0; done and rebooting. The question remains: Is this typical for current 6 gb/s equipment? Is this the sad state of SATA storage? Or is some of my equipment (the sff-8088 cables come to mind) bad? The Problem was: Synchronizing HW RAID-6, disks kept offlining. Fetching SMART values reveiled that those which offlined did not increase powered-on hours anymore. That is, their firmware (CC4C) seems to crash. Digging into the matter by switching to Software RAID-6, with the disks passed-through, I got tons of kernel messages scattered across all disks, with 6 gb/s: sd 0:0:9:0: [sdb] Sense Key : No Sense [current] Info fld=0x0 sd 0:0:9:0: [sdb] Add. Sense: No additional sense information And finally, when a disk offlines: megasas: [ 5]waiting for 160 commands to complete ... megasas: [35]waiting for 159 commands to complete ... megasas: [155]waiting for 156 commands to complete ... megaraid_sas: pending commands remain after waiting, will reset adapter. Ugly controller reset here, then minutes later: megaraid_sas: Reset successful. sd 0:0:28:0: Device offlined - not ready after error recovery ... sd 0:0:28:0: [sdu] Unhandled error code sd 0:0:28:0: [sdu] Result: hostbyte=DID_ERROR driverbyte=DRIVER_OK sd 0:0:28:0: [sdu] CDB: Read(10): 28 00 23 21 2f 40 00 00 70 00 sd 0:0:28:0: [sdu] killing request Reduced speed to 3 gb/s like written above, all problems vanished.

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• Coffee spilled and went inside CPU...computer not starting

  - by Harpreet

  Today coffee got spilled over my table, and some of it (very less) reached the CPU placed under the table. I think little bit of it got inside the CPU through the front face of the CPU. As that happened the fan started running very fast and made noise. I tried to restart to see if it becomes fine, but the computer didn't start again. First it gave an error of "Alert! Air temperature sensor not detected" and didn't start. Next I tried again multiple times of starting the computer but then it gave some memory error. I was not able to start the computer. Incase there's a problem in hard disk or something related to memory, is there any way we can extract our work or data? I am scared if I am not able to extract my work in case some problem occurs like that. What options would I have? Help! EDIT: I have attached the photo here and you can see the area spilt in red circle. The hard drive electronics have been affected and internal speaker may also have been affected. Any advise on cleaning and if hard drive can work? EDIT 2: Are there any professional services offered to extract data from blemished hard disk, like this one, in case I am not able to run it personally?

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• Four disks - RAID 10 or two mirrored pairs?

  - by ewwhite

  I have this discussion with developers quite often. The context is an application running in Linux that has a medium amount of disk I/O. The servers are HP ProLiant DL3x0 G6 with four disks of equal size @ 15k rpm, backed with a P410 controller and 512MB of battery or flash-based cache. There are two schools of thought here, and I wanted some feedback... 1). I'm of the mind that it makes sense to create an array containing all four disks set up in a RAID 10 (1+0) and partition as necessary. This gives the greatest headroom for growth, has the benefit of leveraging the higher spindle count and better fault-tolerance without degradation. 2). The developers think that it's better to have multiple RAID 1 pairs. One for the OS and one for the application data, citing that the spindle separation would reduce resource contention. However, this limits throughput by halving the number of drives and in this case, the OS doesn't really do much other than regular system logging. Additionally, the fact that we have the battery RAID cache and substantial RAM seems to negate the impact of disk latency... What are your thoughts?

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• Using public interfaces on a server connected through a GRE tunnel

  - by Evan

  I'm pretty new to networking so please forgive any terminology mistakes. I have 2 servers connected with a GRE tunnel. Server1 (10.0.0.1) ---- Server2 (10.0.0.2) I want to be able to bind to the public IPs on Server2 using Server1. To do this, I setup virtual interfaces with Server2's public IPs on Server1 and then used routing rules on Server1 to route the packets through the GRE tunnel. On Server1: ip rule add from [Server2's first public IP] table gre ip rule add from [Server2's second public IP] table gre ip route add default via 10.0.0.2 dev gre1 table gre This works great and I can see the packets arriving via GRE on Server2. I can see the packet exiting the tunnel on Server2's gre1 device as shown: From Server1: ping -I [Server2's public ip] google.com tcpdump from Server2's GRE tunnel device: 12:07:17.029160 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 64, id 0, offset 0, flags [DF], proto ICMP (1), length 84) [Server2's public ip] > 74.125.225.38: ICMP echo request, id 6378, seq 50, length 64 This is exactly the packet I want. However, I'm not seeing it go out at all on eth0:0 (where Server2's public IP is bound to). I've tried to use routing rules to get packets coming from Server2's public IP (which would be coming out of dev gre1) to go through dev eth0 on the public default gateway and that doesn't work either. I'm at a loss, thank you to anyone who can help.

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• Program for remove exact duplicate files while caching search results

  - by John Thomas

  We need a Windows 7 program to remove/check the duplicates but our situation is somewhat different than the standard one for which there are enough programs. We have a fairly large static archive (collection) of photos spread on several disks. Let's call them Disk A..M. We have also some disks (let's call them Disk 1..9) which contain some duplicates which are to be found on disks A..M. We want to add to our collection new disks (N, O, P... aso.) which will contain the photos from disks 1..9 but, of course, we don't want to have any photos two (or more) times. Of course, theoretically, the task can be solved with a regular file duplicate remover but the time needed will be very big. Ideally, AFAIS now, the real solution would be a program which will scan the disks A..M, store the file sizes/hashes of the photos in an indexed database/file(s) and will check the new disks (1..9) against this database. However I have hard time to find such a program (if exists). Other things to note: we consider that the Disks A..M (the collection) doesn't have any duplicates on them the file names might be changed we aren't interested in approximated (fuzzy) comparison which can be found in some photo comparing programs. We hunt for exact duplicate files. we aren't afraid of command line. :-) we need to work on Win7/XP we prefer (of course) to be freeware TIA for any suggestions, John Th.

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• Windows XP: How to delete files and folders that cannot be deleted?

  - by glenneroo

  I have a backup copy of a previous Windows' Documents and Settings folder which only contains my original user and within 2 more directories: Favorites and Local Settings. When I try to delete Local Settings I get this error: When I try to delete Favorites, I get this error: I ran this in a cmd shell: attrib *.* -r -a -s -h /s ...but it did not help, nor did it return any errors/warnings. I used Unlocker v1.8.5 and LockHunter repeatedly at multiple levels to see if any files are in use, but both always say: No Files Locked. Update #1: I was able to rename the directory, which now gives me this warning before (trying to) delete: If I press Yes (or Yes to All) then I get this error: Update #2: I let chkdsk /f run which required a reboot since it's on my primary system partition. During Stage 2 scanning, I received about 40 of these: Deleting an index entry from index $0 of file 25. ...followed by: Deleting index entry cookies in index $I30 of file 37576. ...but I still get the first error dialog above when trying to delete. Update #3: Digging deeper, the 99 is the name of one of many directories located deep in here: C:\Documents and Settings.OLD\User\Local Settings\Application Data\Microsoft\Messenger\[email protected]\SharingMetadata\[email protected]\DFSR\Staging\CS{D4E4AE55-B5E2-F03B-5189-6C4DA6E41788}\ Inside each of those directories were files with names such as: 2300-{C93D01AC-0739-4FD9-88C7-13D2F21A208E}-v2300-{C93D01AC-0739-4FD9-88C7-13D2F21A208E}-v2300-Downloaded.frx I noticed that, unlike all the directories, I couldn't rename any of these files. I also noticed that the file + dir names were extremely long: Original directory = 194 characters Filenames = 100+ characters Together the length exceeds the 255-char limit which is bad and would explain the error message I posted in Update #1. Partial Solution: Rename all directories until the total path length is less than 100. Afterwards I was able to rename the .frx files, not to mention delete everything inside the Local Settings directory. This is only a partial solution because this (empty) directory is still undeleteable: C:\1\2\Favorites\Wien\What To Do.. I'm guessing because of the ".." at the end, Windows (Explorer and cmd) can't deal with it: Here is what Explorer properties shows: Any ideas?

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• Install a KVM guest with LVM partitioning on an LVM partitioned host using virt-install fails, volume group already exists

  - by Rilik84

  our setup consists of a ubuntu 10.04 kvm host server with LVM, on top of which we install the ubuntu 10.04 virtual machines via virt-install and preseed. Each VM has a dedicated logical volume which we pass to virt-install via the "--disk path=/dev/sysvg/vm-name" parameter. The virtual machines themselves are using LVM as well. Virt-install seems to have a few issues with this setup. Say we want to install two virtual machines in parallel. The first vm installs correctly while the second halts during the partitioning, complaining with this error: "volume group name already in use". I tried removing the logical volumes, recreated them, rebooted the kvm host to clear any leftovers but the issue perists. The preseed is telling the vms to create a volume group named "sysvg", which is the same name used by the volume group of the kvm host. Considering this I did another test: I got rid of the preseed part taking care of the partitioning/lvm creation and started the creation of two vms in parallel. If, when prompted, I instruct the vms' installer to do a guided partitioning of the disk with LVM, it will still fail giving this different error on both the vms: Physical Volume /dev/sda5 is already in volume group sysvg. As I wrote, sysvg is the volume group used by the KVM host. So I thought the name clashing was the issue. By removing the preseed part I skipped the volume group naming. I can't understand how the virtual machines would be aware of the presence of that volume group since they're supposed to be isolated from it, especially after I removed and recreated the logical volumes dedicated to them. That detail should not be exposed at all to them! Thanks for the help. I'm clueless.

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• Scheduling Automatic Backups for Virtual Private Web Server running CENTOS 6.3 and WHM

  - by Oliver Farrell

  I'm pretty new to administering my own VPS - but thus far am finding it quite a compelling experience. There's something quite refreshing about having complete control over everything it does. One thing that I would like to look at is a suitable backup solution (a few times a day). My current setup is as follows: I'm running a CENTOS 6.3 VPS with a single 25GB hard drive solely for the purpose of hosting websites. I'm using WHM & cPanel for administering them. I now plan on adding an additional hard disk and hooking it up to my VPS. What I'm not sure about is how I get the two disks talking and get the backup process going. I'm not a seasons SSH-er so don't really know where to start. I'm hosting with Serverlove (one of the best hosting providers I've used) and am provided with a number of unique identifiers for each hard disk so I imagine these may play a part in linking them together. I appreciate that this is a little vague (I'm clutching at straws) but any assistance is very much appreciated.

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• prevalent, recurring hardrive failure intel macbook from 2006/2007

  - by SimonSalman

  Hi, Long story: My MacBook's hard drive failed one year ago, just a month after its warranty ended or: a year and a month after I bought it. After about ten phone calls to Apple's service, they agreed to extend the warranty for another year, so that I got it replaced free of charge. In the mean time, I got to know that many MacBook users that experience/report hard drive failures. Every reported crash was preceded by a slowdown of system performance, an increased occurrence of the spinning beach ball wait courser, and frequent crashes of applications that used to run very robust until then. It happened (as far as I know) with MacBooks from 2006/2007. All these MacBooks additionally suffer from a recurring wearing down of their "top case". Many heavy users had to replace their HDDs three time since 2006/2007 resulting in an head crash, making it impossible to recover data (diagnosis of recovery specialists) in most but not all cases HDD was Seagate (doesn't necessarily have to be the cause, if majority of the MacBook charge contained Seagate drives) And right now (one year after my first disk crash), these symptoms are cumulating on my system, again ... Short version: prevalent hard drive failure on MacBook charge from 2006/2007 (i.e. 2.16 GHz Intel Core 2 Due) I am looking for any (preferable open source) tool for checking the hard drive condition, especially to detect the known "MacBook problem". So, that I can replace the disk on time. If any Mac user found a solution to prevent the repeated failure of heir hard drive, I would be very glad to get to known it. I really enjoy my old MacBook, but I hate to get interrupted every year by an HDD crash. BTW, the issue is already in discussion for a long time, but there seems to be no solution, so far. Thanks, Simon

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• ubuntu 9.10 installer doesn't recognize the hard drive

  - by dan

  I downloaded Ubuntu 9.10 x86_64 and am trying to install it on a fairly modern system with a Gigabyte GA-MA770-UD3 motherboard. Ubuntu 9.04 installed fine and still will when I stick that disc in, but 9.10 doesn't see my hard drive (western digital 250GB). If I boot from the disc, I can install gparted and it does recognize the drive, but when I try to start the install process from the live disc, Ubuntu again doesn't recognize the hard drive. I checked /var/log/messages and see this: Nov 12 17:28:08 ubuntu activate-dmraid: Serial ATA RAID disk(s) detected. If this was bad, boot with 'nodmraid'. Nov 12 17:28:08 ubuntu activate-dmraid: Enabling dmraid support Nov 12 17:28:08 ubuntu activate-dmraid: ERROR: either the required RAID set not found or more options required. Nov 12 17:28:08 ubuntu activate-dmraid: ERROR: either the required RAID set not found or more options required. Nov 12 17:28:08 ubuntu activate-dmraid: ERROR: either the required RAID set not found or more options required. Nov 12 17:28:08 ubuntu activate-dmraid: no raid sets and with names: "nvidia_ciiajheb-0" Nov 12 17:28:08 ubuntu activate-dmraid: ERROR: either the required RAID set not found or more options required. I checked my BIOS, SATA is enabled and is set to IDE mode, so there shouldn't be software RAID, but nonetheless, I added nodmraid to the boot line and tried again. It still doesn't recognize the drive. I checked /var/log/messages again and now see this: Nov 12 17:49:38 ubuntu activate-dmraid: Serial ATA RAID disk(s) detected. If this was boad, boot with 'nodmraid'. Nov 12 17:49:38 ubuntu activate-dmraid: Enabling dmraid support Nov 12 17:49:38 ubuntu activate-dmraid: WARNING: dmraid disabled by boot option Nov 12 17:49:38 ubuntu activate-dmraid: WARNING: dmraid disabled by boot option Any ideas on things to try? I've tried all of the various BIOS settings for SATA. IDE,RAID, etc. Nothing seems to work.

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• Write Fedora.iso to USB and boot it from a Macbook

  - by MTilsted

  I have an .iso image of the full Fedora 16 install (Downloaded from http://fedoraproject.org/en/get-fedora-options#formats as "Fedora 16 DVD") and the question now is: How do I write it on a USB stick, so I can install it on my Mac book? I tried using DD as the install guide said, and that gave me a USB stick which can boot from my PC. But it can't boot from the Mac (The Mac start menu don't show it as a boot option). Edit: I downloaded a live install image, and did this (SSD is my USB 4GB thing) /sbin/mkdosfs -F 32 -n usbdisk /dev/dev/sdd1 sudo livecd-iso-to-disk --format --reset-mbr --efi /tmp/download/Fedora-16-i686-Live-KDE.iso /dev/sdd1 And this produced an image which can boot on my pc but not on my mac. This seems to indicate that the --efi is not working, because if it really was EFI it would not boot on a normal pc, would it? I then tried this: (Difference being that I write the image directory to /dev/sdd instead of /dev/sdd1) but this still will not boot on the Mac (it newer shows up at the startup screen on the Mac). sudo livecd-iso-to-disk --format --reset-mbr --efi /tmp/download/Fedora- PS: My host Linux is Fedora 13.

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