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• Can I trick Carbonite into backing up an external hard drive?

  - by Brian

  I use Carbonite to back up my PC (Windows XP). We were running low on disk space on our home PC (down to 15 GB), so I went out and purchased an external hard drive. However, Carbonite will not back it up. Is it possible to set up Carbonite to backup an external hard drive? I just want the external drive to be extra disk space. From their FAQ: The current version of Carbonite backs up only the files that reside on permanent hard drives on your computer. It will not back up network drives, external drives, and NAS (network accessed storage) drives. If there are files on a remote drive that you wish to include in your Carbonite backup, you should copy the files to a folder on your local hard drive. If the files are on a shared network drive, you could install Carbonite on the computer on which the network shared drive physically exists, and back the files up directly from that computer. Check back soon for a Carbonite service plan that will allow you to back up your external drives.

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• How to install Windows with no CD drive boot option in BIOS?

  - by Kris Hollenbeck

  I have a new computer which I built from scratch and I am trying to install a copy of Windows Vista on it. I am able to get to the BIOS and change the boot options which are as follows.. -Built-in EFI Shell -SATA: ST31000528AS I have searched around for and everything I find says to boot from the CD rom. However, as you can see. That is not an option for me. So I am wondering if there is another way around this? Is it possible to boot the Disk from the EFI Shell? Any help is much appreciated. Thanks EDIT: I have tried this.. http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd744321%28v=ws.10%29.aspx UPDATE: I managed to make my USB bootable via the BIOS and I have copied my windows Vista disk onto my USB via drag and drop. However I am still not able to get the windows install to start. Also I have tried booting it from the EFI shell using the following command.. blk6: blk6:\> \EFI\BOOT\BOOTX64.EFI Still no luck..

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• SATA Driver for Acer Aspire One D257

  - by Robert Niestroj

  i have a Acer Aspire One D257. In this netbook the hard disk is defect so i bought a new one. Now i want to reinstall Windows 7. Im using an external DVD Drive plugged into USB. The Windows 7 DVD is staring, Win7 setup is starting and when it comes to Hard Drive options it says that no drive was detected and i should try search for drivers. It shows me this window: Screenshot from web Now i cant find the right drivers for this netbook to continue with the installation. The laptop has the newest BIOS - 1.15, it is reset to factory default settings except that i enabled the Boot Menu prompt with F12. From the Acer Support Website i've downloaded the SATA AHCI Driver and the Chipset Driver. I unpacked both to a USB flashdrive in seperate folders. When i select the SATA AHCI Driver it does not find any drivers. When i uncheck the checkbox "Hide drivers that are not compatible with hardware on this computer" it shows one driver: Acer HWID (path_to\1.inf). When i continue with this driver i got an error message that says something like: No new devices found. Check if the driver files are on the installation disk. When i show him the Chipset Driver it sees a lot more driver. When i uncheck the checkbox "Hide drivers that are not compatible with hardware on this computer" it show some drivers: Intel N10 Family DMI Bridge Intel N10/ICH7 Family PCI Express Root Port Intel N10/ICH7 SMBUS Controller Intel N10/ICH7 Family USB Universal Host Controller Intel N10/ICH7 Family USB2 Enhanced Host Controller Intel N10/ICH7 Family Interface LPC Controller When i uncheck this checkbox i get a lot more drivers, and some SATA Drivers but the also do not work. I get the same error message as before. Can someone help me find a driver that should work or am i doing anything else wrong?

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• Can't Install Win2k8 On KVM - Classic 0x80070013 error

  - by javano

  I am trying to install Win2k8 Std as a KVM guest on Debian Squeeze. As you can see from these screen shots; No drives are detected (I have blanked out a 20GB image for testing) - screenshot1 I am using this driver CD: - screenshot2 I have signed the Win7 driver (I assume this was the most appropriate one?) - screenshot3 I can now see an unpartitioned drive - screenshot4 But I can't create a new partition on here, getting the error code 0x80070013 - screenshot5 I have had this error code before but only on a physical server. If I remember correctly it was complaining because the disks were partitioned as GPT (because it was a server that was being re-purposed) so repartitioning with an MS-DOS table fixed that. This is a blank disk image though. What is wrong here, and how can I correct this? Thank you. UPDATE I have booted the VM with a Gparted-Live disk and formatted this volume with an MS-DOS partitioning scheme, and a single 20GB NTFS file system. Now when I boot the Win2k8 CD, load my drivers, I get a different error. As you can see at the bottom of screenshot6 "Windows cannot be installed on this hard drive space. Windows must be installed to a partition formatted as NTFS". Clicking format produces the error (0x80004005) on the screen, so I think this is still a driver issue because Windows can see the drive but not interact with it properly. Is that insane thinking?

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• Why Wireshark does not recognize this HTTP response?

  - by Alois Mahdal

  I have a trivial CGI script that outputs simple text content. It's written in Perl and using CGI module and it specifies only the most basic headers: print $q->header( -type => 'text/plain', -Content_length => $length, ); print $stuff; There's no apparent issue with functionality, but I'm confused about the fact that Wireshark does not recognize the HTTP response as HTTP--it's marked as TCP. Here is request and response: GET /cgi-bin/memfile/memfile.pl?mbytes=1 HTTP/1.1 Host: 10.6.130.38 User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:11.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/11.0 Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8 Accept-Language: cs,en-us;q=0.7,en;q=0.3 Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate Connection: keep-alive HTTP/1.1 200 OK Date: Thu, 05 Apr 2012 18:52:23 GMT Server: Apache/2.2.15 (Win32) mod_ssl/2.2.15 OpenSSL/0.9.8m Content-length: 1048616 Keep-Alive: timeout=5, max=100 Connection: Keep-Alive Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 XXXXXXXX... And here is the packet overview (Full packet is here on pastebin) No. Time Source srcp Destination dstp Protocol Info tcp.stream abstime 5 0.112749 10.6.130.38 80 10.6.130.53 48072 TCP [TCP segment of a reassembled PDU] 0 20:52:23.228063 Frame 5: 1514 bytes on wire (12112 bits), 1514 bytes captured (12112 bits) Ethernet II, Src: Dell_97:29:ac (00:1e:4f:97:29:ac), Dst: Dell_3b:fe:70 (00:24:e8:3b:fe:70) Internet Protocol Version 4, Src: 10.6.130.38 (10.6.130.38), Dst: 10.6.130.53 (10.6.130.53) Transmission Control Protocol, Src Port: http (80), Dst Port: 48072 (48072), Seq: 1, Ack: 330, Len: 1460 Now when I see this in Wireshark: there's usual TCP handshake then the GET request shown as HTTP with preview then the next packet contains the response, but is not marked as an HTTP response--just a generic "[TCP segment of a reassembled PDU]", and is not caught by "http.response" filter. Can somebody explain why Wireshark does not recognize it? Is there something wrong with the response?

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• How To Replace Laptop HDD Without Losing Data?

  - by Ishan

  Hello, I recently went to Dell Service center and they tell that HDD is faulty and needs to be replaced. I have a Studio 1457 laptop with 500 GB HDD and don't want to lose the data(purchased in May 2010, still under warranty). I have searched a bit and I think it may be best to use a disk imaging software for this task. However, I don't know about a good software. I have following steps in mind: Get a 1 TB External HDD. Make an image of existing 500 GB HDD and store data on external disk. Install new HDD and install a brand new Windows copy and then install the software on it. Using the same software I used to make image, restore the old HDD image on new one. However, I have some questions in mind. First, is this possible? Second, I live in a country where piracy is a big issue and I am sure the support executive who will come to change HDD will have a pirated copy. But I have genuine Windows 7 Pro and don't want to lose it. Now, Dell does not supply and OS disks, so I can't install it on new HDD! If I follow above steps, which version of Windows 7 will be retained? One in the image(authentic) or one in the new HDD(pirated). I am ready to purchase a good software for this task and my budget is $50-60. Since laptop is under warranty, new HDD will be free. One last thing, I have created a Windows Migration file whose size is 70 GB. Can it be used to move from Windows 7 Pro to Windows 7 Pro?(In case I get a genuine copy of Windows 7!) Any other method to save all the data? Thanks in advance.

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• Can't write to samba share

  - by Tiddo

  I try to setup a samba file server, but whatever I do I can't get write access to work (reading works fine). This is my current situation: I have a local fileserver with 3 harddisks mounted at /mnt/share/disk<nr>. 2 of these use the ext4 filesystem, the third one is ntfs. This file server runs Fedora 18 32-bit. The root folders of these harddisks are owned by superman:superman, and testparm outputs the following: [global] workgroup = WORKGROUP netbios name = FILE_SERVER server string = Samba Server Version %v interfaces = lo, eth0, 192.168.123.191/8 log file = /var/log/samba/log.%m max log size = 50 unix extensions = No load printers = No idmap config * : backend = tdb hosts allow = 192.168.123. cups options = raw wide links = Yes [share] comment = Home Directories path = /home/share/ write list = superman, @users force user = superman read only = No create mask = 0777 directory mask = 0777 inherit permissions = Yes guest ok = Yes I've tried a lot to get this to work: the disk are chmodded to 777, I've tried turning off selinux, I've added the samba_share_t label to the disks and as can be seen in the above output I tried to make the smb config as permissive as I could, but still I cannot write to the share (tried from Windows 7 and another Fedora installation). What can I try to be able to write to the shares? EDIT: The replies I got so far are mostly concerned with the smb.conf. I have however tried a lot of different setup, ready made configs, and solutions to similar problems for the smb.conf file, so I suspect that the real problem is somewhere else.

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• TCPDump and IPTables DROP by string

  - by Tiffany Walker

  by using tcpdump -nlASX -s 0 -vvv port 80 I get something like: 14:58:55.121160 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 64, id 49764, offset 0, flags [DF], proto TCP (6), length 1480) 206.72.206.58.http > 2.187.196.7.4624: Flags [.], cksum 0x6900 (incorrect -> 0xcd18), seq 1672149449:1672150889, ack 4202197968, win 15340, length 1440 0x0000: 4500 05c8 c264 4000 4006 0f86 ce48 ce3a E....d@[email protected].: 0x0010: 02bb c407 0050 1210 63aa f9c9 fa78 73d0 .....P..c....xs. 0x0020: 5010 3bec 6900 0000 0f29 95cc fac4 2854 P.;.i....)....(T 0x0030: c0e7 3384 e89a 74fa 8d8c a069 f93f fc40 ..3...t....i.?.@ 0x0040: 1561 af61 1cf3 0d9c 3460 aa23 0b54 aac0 .a.a....4`.#.T.. 0x0050: 5090 ced1 b7bf 8857 c476 e1c0 8814 81ed P......W.v...... 0x0060: 9e85 87e8 d693 b637 bd3a 56ef c5fa 77e8 .......7.:V...w. 0x0070: 3035 743a 283e 89c7 ced8 c7c1 cff9 6ca3 05t:(>........l. 0x0080: 5f3f 0162 ebf1 419e c410 7180 7cd0 29e1 _?.b..A...q.|.). 0x0090: fec9 c708 0f01 9b2f a96b 20fe b95a 31cf ......./.k...Z1. 0x00a0: 8166 3612 bac9 4e8d 7087 4974 0063 1270 .f6...N.p.It.c.p What do I pull to use IPTables to block via string. Or is there a better way to block attacks that have something in common? Question is: Can I pick any piece from that IP packet and call it a string? iptables -A INPUT -m string --alog bm --string attack_string -j DROP In other words: In some cases I can ban with TTL=xxx and use that should an attack have the same TTL. Sure it will block some legit packets but if it means keeping the box up it works till the attack goes away but I would like to LEARN how to FIND other common things in a packet to block with IPTables

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• Can enabling a RAID controller's writeback cache harm overall performance?

  - by Nathan O'Sullivan

  I have an 8 drive RAID 10 setup connected to an Adaptec 5805Z, running Centos 5.5 and deadline scheduler. A basic dd read test shows 400mb/sec, and a basic dd write test shows about the same. When I run the two simultaneously, I see the read speed drop to ~5mb/sec while the write speed stays at more or less the same 400mb/sec. The output of iostat -x as you would expect, shows that very few read transactions are being executed while the disk is bombarded with writes. If i turn the controller's writeback cache off, I dont see a 50:50 split but I do see a marked improvement, somewhere around 100mb/s reads and 300mb/s writes. I've also found if I lower the nr_requests setting on the drive's queue (somewhere around 8 seems optimal) I can end up with 150mb/sec reads and 150mb/sec writes; ie. a reduction in total throughput but certainly more suitable for my workload. Is this a real phenomenon? Or is my synthetic test too simplistic? The reason this could happen seems clear enough, when the scheduler switches from reads to writes, it can run heaps of write requests because they all just land in the controllers cache but must be carried out at some point. I would guess the actual disk writes are occuring when the scheduler starts trying to perform reads again, resulting in very few read requests being executed. This seems a reasonable explanation, but it also seems like a massive drawback to using writeback cache on an system with non-trivial write loads. I've been searching for discussions around this all afternoon and found nothing. What am I missing?

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• Windows 7 boot problem on a Lenovo Thinkpad Z61m 9450HAG

  - by Matt Taylor

  I recently did a full upgrade of Windows 7 on my Thinkpad. Everything worked fine after up until the second reboot (the first reboot after some updates installed worked OK). At second reboot time the system would just black screen before the Windows logo appears. Disk/wireless/power/battery lights are all lit and the disk light is active (flickering). However, if I remove my battery and boot with just power it boots fine and quickly, and everything is OK. Any help on why this won't boot with battery plugged in is greatly appreciated. I need to take this battery out on the road/trains, etc. A little more detail on this story. The battery I had inserted when doing the (failed) boot was a long life battery. I have not tried inserting this battery when Windows is logged in. I have another (normal life) battery that I have charged up within Windows. It has just got to 100% and I am about to reboot with it in. I am using the Lenovo power manager to diagnose the battery - all seems OK. I will report back shortly as to the outcome. OK, so I chose the reboot option from within Windows, the machine seemed to shutdown okay, but then stalled. It didn't turn off completely and didn't reboot, but just sat, with the fan humming, somewhere in between! I had to hold the power button in for a few seconds until the fan stopped and then hit the power button again to boot the machine from fresh. One good thing, with this battery (the normal one) it booted into Windows 7 the first time with a battery! So, now I have rebooting issues. I have 3 errors in the event log: A timeout was reached (30000 milliseconds) while waiting for the lxdxCATSCustConnectService service to connect. The lxdxCATSCustConnectService service failed to start due to the following error: The service did not respond to the start or control request in a timely fashion. The following boot-start or system-start driver(s) failed to load: cdrom Any thoughts?

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• Differential backup missing moved folders (flawed archive attribute logic)

  - by Max

  Recently I've discovered that my backup system it flawed: there are situation where various files/folders are missed. I do my backup from local disk to a network NAS. I use Cobian backup, and I have setup the backup software to create one full backup every week, and one differential backup every day. Now, the backup software (to my knowledge any backup software work this way) decide the files that go in the differential backup by looking at the file archive attribute. If the attribute is set, then the file go in to the backup. Now, when you move a file to a new location, on Windows systems, the archive attribute get set and the file is included in the backup, and that's fine... but when you move an entire folder, no archive attribute is set, nor on the folder, nor in any files inside the folder, so the moved folder isn't included in the differential backup! So, if you have a full backup plus a differential backup, and you moved folders around... then it's impossible to reconstruct the original files/folders structure starting from the full+differential backup, because the backup software didn't include the moved folders in the differential backup. So my differential backup are useless... Why does windows set the archive attribute when moving a file, but not when moving a folder? How can I deal with this issue? Is there a way to create a differential backup that works as it's supposed to do? Doing full backup every day is not practical, because the changed data is about 0.1% at day (by using a differential backup I can keep 4 weeks of files history without using too much disk space.)

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• Install Windows 7 from ISO image

  - by Albert

  Hi, I have an ISO file of the Windows 7 DVD and I want to install it on my PC which currently only runs Linux. I don't have any DVD drive. I have some unpartitioned space on one disk where I want to install it in. When I am doing this for Linux, I usually just create the partitions from the running system, format them, mount them, copy files over, chroot into it, setup the stuff and I can boot into it (or I use some of the uncountable available scripts which do exactly that automatically). However, I have no idea how to do the same thing with Windows. So far, I tried with VMware, i.e. I gave it direct full access to the disk where I want to install it in, installed it there, then tried to boot natively into it. The Windows logo showed up but after maybe 3 seconds or so, it crashes. Safe mode also crashes. I already expected that this probably would exactly behave the way it does right now because I have heard that Windows is quite sensible about hardware changes (i.e. the VMware hardware and the real hardware). However, how can I fix it now that it works? Or I could also just delete it again and try just over. But how exactly? I also searched for ways to boot directly into an ISO file. There seem to be ways to do that via GRUB (and maybe some additional boot loader), although quite complicated. I already tried one method (GRUB: map ...iso (hdX)), however, that didn't worked. Also, even if it does work, I will get into trouble when I boot into the newly installed Windows and it requests for the DVD (because it does that at the first boot into the new system). Seems all quite complicated. Isn't there some easy way like I would do it for Linux? Or what would be the easiest way to get what I want?

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• Coffee spilled inside computer, damaged hard drive

  - by Harpreet

  Today coffee spilled over my table, and some of it (very less) reached the PC case placed under the table. I think little bit of it got inside the PC case through the front. As that happened the fan started running very fast and made noise. I tried to restart to see if it becomes fine, but the computer didn't start again. First it gave an error of "Alert! Air temperature sensor not detected" and didn't start. Next I tried again multiple times of starting the computer but then it gave some memory error. I was not able to start the computer. Incase there's a problem in hard disk or something related to memory, is there any way we can extract our work or data? I am scared if I am not able to extract my work in case some problem occurs like that. What options would I have? Help!! EDIT: I have attached the photo here and you can see the area spilt in red circle. The hard drive electronics have been affected and internal speaker may also have been affected. Any advise on cleaning and if hard drive can work? EDIT 2: Are there any professional services offered to extract data from blemished hard disk, like this one, in case I am not able to run it personally?

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• diskmgmt.msc: Cannot delete volume from USB

  - by Notinlist

  I have an USB drive with about 8GB of size. It has a single partition of size 169MB. Don't know why, I got it that way. I wanted to delete this small (FAT32) partition and create a single NTFS volume on it. First, I noticed that the "Delete volumme" option is disabled (grayed out). I then tried "Change drive letter and paths..." and removed "F:", that way I made sure that there are no open files on it. The "Delete volume" was still disabled. Then I got suspicious, and right clicked on the "Unallocated" area and I noticed that I did not have any useful option. All "New * volume" items are disabled. I exited from diskmgmt.msc, ran a cmd.exe with administrator privileges, ran the diskmgmt.msc from it, same experiences. Why can't i do anything with this disk? I've read some advices about downloading some alternative free software, but I rather not do it if possible. I still hope that Windows 7 Enterprise 64bit alone can reinitialize an USB drive without external help. I also cannot do anything with my other 8GB pendrive. It's all an NTFS volume, I tried to delete it, but the option is disabled here too. Maybe I have some settings somewhere that prevents my from partitioning USB disks. (I have the freedom to remove my D: partition which is the second - not counding the "System reserved" - on my SSD disk.)

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• AWS elastic load balancer basic issues

  - by Jones

  I have an array of EC2 t1.micro instances behind a load balancer and each node can manage ~100 concurrent users before it starts to get wonky. i would THINK if i have 2 such instances it would allow my network to manage 200 concurrent users... apparently not. When i really slam the server (blitz.io) with a full 275 concurrents, it behaves the same as if there is just one node. it goes from 400ms response time to 1.6 seconds (which for a single t1.micro is expected, but not 6). So the question is, am i simply not doing something right or is ELB effectively worthless? Anyone have some wisdom on this? AB logs: Loadbalancer (3x m1.medium) Document Path: /ping/index.html Document Length: 185 bytes Concurrency Level: 100 Time taken for tests: 11.668 seconds Complete requests: 50000 Failed requests: 0 Write errors: 0 Non-2xx responses: 50001 Total transferred: 19850397 bytes HTML transferred: 9250185 bytes Requests per second: 4285.10 [#/sec] (mean) Time per request: 23.337 [ms] (mean) Time per request: 0.233 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests) Transfer rate: 1661.35 [Kbytes/sec] received Connection Times (ms) min mean[+/-sd] median max Connect: 1 2 4.3 2 63 Processing: 2 21 15.1 19 302 Waiting: 2 21 15.0 19 261 Total: 3 23 15.7 21 304 Single instance (1x m1.medium direct connection) Document Path: /ping/index.html Document Length: 185 bytes Concurrency Level: 100 Time taken for tests: 9.597 seconds Complete requests: 50000 Failed requests: 0 Write errors: 0 Non-2xx responses: 50001 Total transferred: 19850397 bytes HTML transferred: 9250185 bytes Requests per second: 5210.19 [#/sec] (mean) Time per request: 19.193 [ms] (mean) Time per request: 0.192 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests) Transfer rate: 2020.01 [Kbytes/sec] received Connection Times (ms) min mean[+/-sd] median max Connect: 1 9 128.9 3 3010 Processing: 1 10 8.7 9 141 Waiting: 1 9 8.7 8 140 Total: 2 19 129.0 12 3020

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• Allignment of ext3 partition on LVM RAID volume group

  - by John P

  I'm trying to add a partition on a LVM that resides on a RAID6 volume group and fdisk is complaining about the partition not residing on a physical sector boundry. My question is, how do you calculate the correct starting sector for a partition on a LVM? This partition will be formated ext3. Would it be better to just format the LVM directly instead of creating a new partition? Disk /dev/dedvol/backup: 2199.0 GB, 2199023255552 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 267349 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 1048576 bytes / 8388608 bytes Disk identifier: 0x4e428f49 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/dedvol/backup1 63 267349 2146982827+ 83 Linux Partition 1 does not start on physical sector boundary. lvdisplay /dev/dedvol/backup --- Logical volume --- LV Name /dev/dedvol/backup VG Name dedvol LV UUID OV2n5j-7LHb-exJL-t8dI-dU8A-2vxf-uIicCt LV Write Access read/write LV Status available # open 0 LV Size 2.00 TiB Current LE 524288 Segments 1 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors auto - currently set to 32768 Block device 253:1 vgdisplay dedvol --- Volume group --- VG Name dedvol System ID Format lvm2 Metadata Areas 1 Metadata Sequence No 3 VG Access read/write VG Status resizable MAX LV 0 Cur LV 2 Open LV 1 Max PV 0 Cur PV 1 Act PV 1 VG Size 14.55 TiB PE Size 4.00 MiB Total PE 3815448 Alloc PE / Size 3670016 / 14.00 TiB Free PE / Size 145432 / 568.09 GiB VG UUID 8fBcOk-aXGx-P3Qy-VVpJ-0zK1-fQgy-Cb691J

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• Determining the Source of a Given File System Mount on Unix [migrated]

  - by phobos51594

  Background Recently I have run into a bit of a snag on my home FreeBSD server. I recently upgraded it to the latest stable release, and I have noticed some strange behavior with the /var partition. Originally, I had the system configured such that /var had its own partition with /var/run and /var/log in memory disks (/tmp, too). After the upgrade, I notice there is a new, fourth memory disk mounting directly to /var that I had not set up manually and is not in my fstab. It is only 28 megs or so in size and is causing problems when trying to update my ports collection. The ramdisk mounts atuomagically at boot and cannot be unmounted while in multi-user mode. If I drop to single user mode, I am able to unmount it without issue, however rebooting causes it to pop right back up. System specifications have been included at the end of the post. Question Is there any way to determine exactly what is mounting a given memory disk (or any filesystem, for that matter) after it has been mounted? Alternately, does anybody have any ideas what might have caused the new /var ramdisk to pop up? System Specification # uname -a FreeBSD sarge 9.1-PRERELEASE FreeBSD 9.1-PRERELEASE #0: Thu Nov 22 14:02:13 PST 2012 donut@sarge:/usr/obj/usr/src/sys/GENERIC i386 # df Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Avail Capacity Mounted on /dev/da0s1a 515612 410728 63636 87% / devfs 1 1 0 100% /dev /dev/da0s1d 515612 287616 186748 61% /var /dev/da0s1e 6667808 2292824 3841560 37% /usr /dev/md0 63004 32 57932 0% /tmp /dev/md1 3484 8 3200 0% /var/run /dev/md2 31260 8 28752 0% /var/log /dev/md3 31260 512 28248 2% /var <-- This # cat /etc/fstab # Device Mountpoint FStype Options Dump Pass# /dev/da0s1a / ufs rw,noatime 1 1 /dev/da0s1d /var ufs rw,noatime 2 2 /dev/da0s1e /usr ufs rw,noatime 2 2 md /tmp mfs rw,-s64M,noatime 0 0 md /var/run mfs rw,-s4M,noatime 0 0 md /var/log mfs rw,-s32M,noatime 0 0 Thank you in advance for any assistance.

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• Is UPS worthwhile for home equipment?

  - by Jon Skeet

  Over the years, I've had to throw away a quite a few bits of computing equipment (and the like): Several ADSL routers with odd symptoms (losing wireless connections, losing wired connections, DHCP failures, DNS symptoms etc) Two PVRs spontaneously rebooting and corrupting themselves (despite the best efforts of the community to diagnose and help) One external hard disk still claiming to function, but corrupting data One hard disk as part of a NAS raid array "going bad" (as far as the NAS was concerned) (This is in addition to various laptops and printers dying in ways unrelated to this question.) Obviously it'll be impossible to tell for sure from such a small amount of information, but might these be related to power issues? I don't currently have a UPS for any of this equipment. Everything on surge-protected gang sockets, but there's nothing to smooth a power cut. Is home UPS really viable and useful? I know there are some reasonably cheap UPSes on the market, but I don't know how useful they really are. I'm not interested in keeping my home network actually running during a power cut, but I'd like it to power down a bit more gracefully if the current situation is putting my hardware in jeopardy.

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• VMWare Raw Device Mapping Not Working

  - by George H. Lenzer

  While I'm waiting for VMWare support to get back to me, I thought I'd ask here. I have a 400 gig LUN presented from a fiber channel SAN to my VMWare host. It's legacy from another virtualization platform and I need to keep it as is to avoid a long period of downtime. I formatted my VMFS3 datastore with 4 meg blocks to allow up to 1 TB disks. Then I tried adding my 400 gig disk as a raw device in physical compatibility mode. I get the error: "File is larger than the maximum size supported by datastore 'Base Test'. [Base Test]VMTEST01/VMTEST01_2.vmdk Originally I had the VMFS datastore formatted with 1 meg blocks which was the cause of this problem since the largest disk allowed would be 256 gigs. But I deleted the data store and then reformatted with 4 megs blocks. I've also tried using virtual compatibility mode for the raw device but it still fails. Does anyone have any suggestions? I've been waiting for a little over a week for VMWare, but that's fine because I'm not yet a paying customer. I'm still in the eval phase.

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• Fix bad superblock on logical partition

  - by Chris

  I was following http://www.howtoforge.com/linux_resi...xt3_partitions and when i reboot and run: root@Microknoppix:/home/knoppix# fsck -n /dev/sda7 fsck from util-linux-ng 2.17.2 e2fsck 1.41.12 (17-May-2010) fsck.ext2: Superblock invalid, trying backup blocks... fsck.ext2: Bad magic number in super-block while trying to open /dev/sda7 The superblock could not be read or does not describe a correct ext2 filesystem. If the device is valid and it really contains an ext2 filesystem (and not swap or ufs or something else), then the superblock is corrupt, and you might try running e2fsck with an alternate superblock: e2fsck -b 8193 <device> so i ran e2fsck with all the block numbers that you need (forget exactly what tool i used to find where the superblocks are hidden) no dice then i ran testdisk and had it look for the superblock, no results anyone have any ideas? fdisk -l for reference: root@Microknoppix:/home/knoppix# fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 320.1 GB, 320072933376 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 38913 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x97646c29 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 1 64 512000 83 Linux Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sda2 64 38912 312046593 f W95 Ext'd (LBA) /dev/sda5 64 326 2104320 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sda6 * 327 2938 20972544 83 Linux /dev/sda7 2938 38912 288968672+ 83 Linux To be honest it looks like I lost it... Next step if that happens is to dump the partition to an image file and hope i can find or write some software to parse through the data looking for known file headers, i think.

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• 2011 i7 Macbook Pro unable to boot from any Windows CD?

  - by Craig Otis

  I'm encountering issues installing Windows alongside my Lion install. I'm attempting to install from the internal SuperDrive, after using Boot Camp to partition what was a single, HFS+ volume. When holding down Option at boot, the CD appears in the startup list, but upon selecting it, I get a gray screen for 5 minutes, then a flashing white folder. I tried installing rEFIt and using this to boot the CD, but I receive an error about "Not Found" being returned from the "LocateDevicePath", and a mention of the firmware not supporting booting using legacy methods. In the Console, when opening the StartupDisk preference pane (which never presents the CD as a selectable option), I see: 11/25/11 4:39:31.159 PM System Preferences: isCDROM: 0 isDVDROM:1 11/25/11 4:39:31.159 PM System Preferences: mountable disk appeared: /Volumes/GRMCPRFRER_EN_DVD 11/25/11 4:39:33.214 PM System Preferences: - So far so good, passing disk to System Searcher. 11/25/11 4:39:33.218 PM System Preferences: OSXCheck: No boot.efi in System Folder or volume root. 11/25/11 4:39:33.220 PM System Preferences: WinCheck: Not a valid windows filesystem: /Volumes/GRMCPRFRER_EN_DVD 11/25/11 4:39:33.220 PM System Preferences: WinCheck: Not a valid windows filesystem: /Volumes/GRMCPRFRER_EN_DVD I'm at a loss here. I've done my research, but it sounds like most of the rEFIt errors of this nature are caused by installing from a thumbdrive, or an external drive. I'm using the internal SuperDrive. Also, I've tried this with two different disks: A Windows XP SP2 CD A Windows 7 x86 DVD Both are disks I've had around for years, and I've used them reliably in the past. The system is an early 2011 15" Macbook Pro, all firmware updates installed.

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• Disable RAID to JBOD in server IBM x3400 M2

  - by BanKtsu

  Hi I just wanna disable the default RAID in my server IBM System X3400 M2 Server(7837-24X),i have 3 disk drives SAS. I want to make them a JBOD "Just a Bunch Of Disks", because I want to install in the drive 0 CentOS, and the other two make them cache files for a squid server. I disable the RAID in the BIOS: System Settings/Adapters and UEFI drivers/LSI Logic Fusion MPT SAS Driver -PciRoot(0x0)/Pci(0x3,0X0)/Pci(0x0,0x0) LSI Logic MPT Setup Utility RAID Properties/Delete Array Later I boot the CentOS live CD and install the OS in the drive 0, and the others 2 mounted like this: *LVM Volume Groups vg_proxyserver 139508 lv_root 51200 / ext4 lv_home 84276 /home ext4 lv_swap 4032 Hard Drive sdb(/dev/sdb) free 140011 sdc(/dev/sdc) free 140011 sdd(/dev/sdd) sdd1 500 /boot ext4 sdd2 139512 vg_proxyserver physical volume(LVM) But when I restart the server give me the error: Boot failed Hard Disk 0 UEFI PXE PciRoot(0x0)/Pci(0x1,0X0)/Pci(0x0,0x0)/MAC(001A64B15130,0X0)) ........PXE-E18:Server response timeout. UEFI PXE PciRoot(0x0)/Pci(0x1,0X0)/Pci(0x0,0x0)/MAC(001A64B15132,0X0)) ........PXE-E18:Server response timeout. and the OS not start. The IBM force me to do a RAID?,why?

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• Did chkdsk make it harder to restore files?

  - by neyl

  My friend asked me to try and fix his loaded Sansa Clip + which wasn't playing. After opening it in MSC mode I discovered that the Music directory was empty and total of all files was only a few MB. However Disk properties showed me that it was 7Gb full. I then ran Tools - Error Checking and Windows dutifully informed me that disk was corrupt and I should run again Allowing Windows to Fix Errors. I did that and it told me everything was fixed and that all files were placed in FOUND.000 Dir. FOUND.000 was about 7.5 GB with FILE0000-1546 . CHK. (I am aware of methods like ChkBack to scan and convert to mp3 etc BUT Original filenames and structure needed!) Now I started getting worried that I made things worse! I have plenty of experience with Data Recovery Programs - Recuva, Restore My Files etc. and I was anyhow planning to use them to scan the drive. But NOW after CHKDSK "fixed" the drive maybe it modified critical FAT information vital for data recovery. So I run these programs and 0!!!. No trace of files! I tried a ton of Recovery Programs with same results TILL EaseUS Data Recovery Wizard found all files and I purchased program for $55! My Question In your opinion - did running CHKDSK with automatic fixing of errors make matters worse (i.e. many data recovery progs. didn't find a trace and they would have done if not for chkdsk) or was the filesystem too corrupt anyhow for regular File Recovery Progs.? If I would be a Professional - would I be responsible for running CHKDSK - automatic Fixing. Do you know of a better Data Recovery Program than EaseUs Data Recovery wizard - According to my experience I haven't found better!? Thanks

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• USB Harddisk not working on dual boot windows7/8

  - by Jesper

  Yesterday I installed Windows 8 on a machine that already had Windows 7. They are on dual boot and both systems work fine. The problem is that inserting a USB hard disk in either system does nothing. If I connect a USB mouse or mobile phone, they work fine, so the USB plugs are active/working and the USB hard drives that I am trying to connect work on my other laptop just fine. I have tried to uninstall all USB-related items in Device Manager and let them reinstall upon restart, but that didn't help. The USB drive does not show up in disk management either. The strange thing is that it is exactly the same situation on both windows. USB mice etc. work just fine and USB hard drives do not. Any ideas on solving this problem would be great. ...Don't know if it is important, but this is a Toshiba Tecra R950 Laptop. EDIT: I have found out that my other USB HD (Western Digital) works on this laptop, but for my StoreJet Transcend and Adata "something" does not work. All three work on another Windows 7 laptop. Sizewise the WD is in the middle at 400 GB. The StoreJet is 640 GB and the Adata is 200 GB.

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• Is execution of sync(8) still required before shutting down linux?

  - by Amos Shapira

  I still see people recommend use of "sync; sync; sync; sleep 30; halt" incantations when talking about shutting down or rebooting Linux. I've been running Linux since its inception and although this was the recommended procedure in the BSD 4.2/4.3 and SunOS 4 days, I can't recall that I had to do that for at least the last ten years, during which I probably went through shutdown/reboot of Linux maybe thousands of times. I suspect that this is an anachronism since the days that the kernel couldn't unmount and sync the root filesystem and other critical filesystems required even during single-user mode (e.g. /tmp), and therefore it was necessary to tell it explicitly to flush as much data as it can to disk. These days, without finding the relevant code in the kernel source yet (digging through http://lxr.linux.no and google), I suspect that the kernel is smart enough to cleanly unmount even the root filesystem and the filesystem is smart enough to effectively do a sync(2) before unmounting itself during a normal "shutdown"/"reboot"/"poweorff". The "sync; sync; sync" is only necessary in extreme cases where the filesystem won't unmount cleanly (e.g. physical disk failure) or the system is in a state that only forcing a direct reboot(8) will get it out of its freeze (e.g. the load is too high to let it schedule the shutdown command). I also never do the "sync" procedure before unmounting removable devices, and never hit a problem. Another example - Xen allows the DomU to be sent a "shutdown" command from the Dom0, this is considered a "clean shutdown" without anyone having to login and type the magical "sync; sync; sync" first. Am I right or was I lucky for a few thousands of system shutdowns?

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