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  • Django Cannot set values on a ManyToManyField which specifies an intermediary model

    - by dana
    i am using a m2m and a through table, and when i was trying to save, my error was: Cannot set values on a ManyToManyField which specifies an intermediary model so, i've modified my code, so that when i save the form, to insert data into the 'through' table too.But now, i'm having another error. (i've bolded the lines where i think i am wrong) i have in models.py: class Classroom(models.Model): user = models.ForeignKey(User, related_name = 'classroom_creator') classname = models.CharField(max_length=140, unique = True) date = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True) open_class = models.BooleanField(default=True) members = models.ManyToManyField(User,related_name="list of invited members", through = 'Membership') class Membership(models.Model): accept = models.BooleanField(User) date = models.DateTimeField(auto_now = True) classroom = models.ForeignKey(Classroom, related_name = 'classroom_membership') member = models.ForeignKey(User, related_name = 'user_membership') and in def save_classroom(request): if request.method == 'POST': form = ClassroomForm(request.POST, request.FILES, user = request.user) **classroom_instance = Classroom member_instance = Membership** if form.is_valid(): new_obj = form.save(commit=False) new_obj.user = request.user r = Relations.objects.filter(initiated_by = request.user) membership = Membership.objects.create(**classroom = classroom_instance, member = member_instance,date=datetime.datetime.now())** new_obj.save() form.save_m2m() return HttpResponseRedirect('/classroom/classroom_view/{{user}}/') else: form = ClassroomForm(user = request.user) return render_to_response('classroom/classroom_form.html', { 'form': form, }, context_instance=RequestContext(request)) but i don't seem to initialise okay the classroom_instance and menber_instance.My error os: Cannot assign "": "Membership.classroom" must be a "Classroom" instance. Thanks!

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  • FluentValidation + s#arp

    - by csetzkorn
    Hi, Did someone implement something like this: http://www.jeremyskinner.co.uk/2010/02/22/using-fluentvalidation-with-an-ioc-container/ in s#arp? Thanks. Christian PS: Hi, I have made a start in using FluentValidation in S#arp. I have implemented a Validator factory: public class ResolveType { private static IWindsorContainer _windsorContainer; public static void Initialize(IWindsorContainer windsorContainer) { _windsorContainer = windsorContainer; } public static object Of(Type type) { return _windsorContainer.Resolve(type); } } public class CastleWindsorValidatorFactory : ValidatorFactoryBase { public override IValidator CreateInstance(Type validatorType) { return ResolveType.Of(validatorType) as IValidator; } } I think I will use services which can be used by the controllers etc.: public class UserValidator : AbstractValidator { private readonly IUserRepository UserRepository; public UserValidator(IUserRepository UserRepository) { Check.Require(UserRepository != null, "UserRepository may not be null"); this.UserRepository = UserRepository; RuleFor(user => user.Email).NotEmpty(); RuleFor(user => user.FirstName).NotEmpty(); RuleFor(user => user.LastName).NotEmpty(); } } public interface IUserService { User CreateUser(User User); } public class UserService : IUserService { private readonly IUserRepository UserRepository; private readonly UserValidator UserValidator; public UserService ( IUserRepository UserRepository ) { Check.Require(UserRepository != null, "UserRepository may not be null"); this.UserRepository = UserRepository; this.UserValidator = new UserValidator(UserRepository); } public User CreateUser(User User) { UserValidator.Validate(User); ... } } Instead of putting concrete validators in the service, I would like to use the above factory somehow. Where do I register it and how in s#arp (Global.asax)? I believe s#arp is geared towards the nhibernator validator. How do I deregister it? Thanks. Best wishes, Christian

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  • Session hijacking prevention...how far will my script get me? additional prevention procedures?

    - by Yusaf Khaliq
    When the user logs in the current session vairables are set $_SESSION['user']['timeout'] = time(); $_SESSION['user']['ip'] = $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR']; $_SESSION['user']['agent'] = $_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT']; In my common.php page (required on ALL php pages) i have used the below script, which resets a 15 minute timer each time the user is active furhtermore checks the IP address and checks the user_agent, if they do not match that as of when they first logged in/when the session was first set, the session is unset furthermore with inactivity of up to 15 minutes the session is also unset. ... is what i have done a good method for preventing session hijacking furthermore is it secure and or is it enough? If not what more can be done? if(!empty($_SESSION['user'])){ if ($_SESSION['user']['timeout'] + 15 * 60 < time()) { unset($_SESSION['user']); } else { $_SESSION['user']['timeout'] = time(); if($_SESSION['user']['ip'] != $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR']){ unset($_SESSION['user']); } if($_SESSION['user']['agent'] != $_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT']){ unset($_SESSION['user']); } } }

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  • Rails - Seeking a Dry authorization method compatible with various nested resources

    - by adam
    Consensus is you shouldn't nest resources deeper than 1 level. So if I have 3 models like this (below is just a hypothetical situation) User has_many Houses has_many Tenants and to abide by the above i do map.resources :users, :has_many => :houses map.resorces :houses, :has_many => :tenants Now I want the user to be able edit both their houses and their tenants details but I want to prevent them from trying to edit another users houses and tenants by forging the user_id part of the urls. So I create a before_filter like this def prevent_user_acting_as_other_user if User.find_by_id(params[:user_id]) != current_user() @current_user_session.destroy flash[:error] = "Stop screwing around wiseguy" redirect_to login_url() return end end for houses that's easy because the user_id is passed via edit_user_house_path(@user, @house) but in the tenents case tenant house_tenent_path(@house) no user id is passed. But I can get the user id by doing @house.user.id but then id have to change the code above to this. def prevent_user_acting_as_other_user if params[:user_id] @user = User.find(params[:user_id] elsif params[:house_id] @user = House.find(params[:house_id]).user end if @user != current_user() #kick em out end end It does the job, but I'm wondering if there is a more elegant way. Every time I add a new resource that needs protecting from user forgery Ill have to keep adding conditionals. I don't think there will be many cases but would like to know a better approach if one exists.

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  • rails named_scope issue with eager loading

    - by Craig
    Two models (Rails 2.3.8): User; username & disabled properties; User has_one :profile Profile; full_name & hidden properties I am trying to create a named_scope that eliminate the disabled=1 and hidden=1 User-Profiles. Moreover, while the User model is usually used in conjunction with the Profile model, I would like the flexibility to be able specify this using the :include = :profile syntax. I have the following User named_scope: named_scope :visible, { :joins => "INNER JOIN profiles ON users.id=profiles.user_id", :conditions => ["users.disabled = ? AND profiles.hidden = ?", false, false] } This works as expected when just reference the User model: >> User.visible.map(&:username).flatten => ["user a", "user b", "user c", "user d"] However, when I attempt to include the Profile model: User.visible(:include=> :profiles).profile.map(&:full_name).flatten I get an error that reads: NoMethodError: undefined method `profile' for #<User:0x1030bc828> Am I able to cross model-collection boundaries in this manner?

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  • Sourcing a shell script, while running with sudo

    - by WishCow
    I would like to write a shell script that sets up a mercurial repository, and allow all users in the group "developers" to execute this script. The script is owned by the user "hg", and works fine when ran. The problem comes when I try to run it with another user, using sudo, the execution halts with a "permission denied" error, when it tries to source another file. The script file in question: create_repo.sh #!/bin/bash source colors.sh REPOROOT="/srv/repository/mercurial/" ... rest of the script .... Permissions of create_repo.sh, and colors.sh: -rwxr--r-- 1 hg hg 551 2011-01-07 10:20 colors.sh -rwxr--r-- 1 hg hg 1137 2011-01-07 11:08 create_repo.sh Sudoers setup: %developer ALL = (hg) NOPASSWD: /home/hg/scripts/create_repo.sh What I'm trying to run: user@nebu:~$ id uid=1000(user) gid=1000(user) groups=4(adm),20(dialout),24(cdrom),46(plugdev),105(lpadmin),113(sambashare),116(admin),1000(user),1001(developer) user@nebu:~$ sudo -l Matching Defaults entries for user on this host: env_reset User user may run the following commands on this host: (ALL) ALL (hg) NOPASSWD: /home/hg/scripts/create_repo.sh user@nebu:~$ sudo -u hg /home/hg/scripts/create_repo.sh /home/hg/scripts/create_repo.sh: line 3: colors.sh: Permission denied So the script is executed, but halts when it tries to include the other script. I have also tried using: user@nebu:~$ sudo -u hg /bin/bash /home/hg/scripts/create_repo.sh Which gives the same result. What is the correct way to include another shell script, if the script may be ran with a different user, through sudo?

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  • Deal with undefined values in code or in the template?

    - by David
    I'm writing a web application (in Python, not that it matters). One of the features is that people can leave comments on things. I have a class for comments, basically like so: class Comment: user = ... # other stuff where user is an instance of another class, class User: name = ... # other stuff And of course in my template, I have <div>${comment.user.name}</div> Problem: Let's say I allow people to post comments anonymously. In that case comment.user is None (undefined), and of course accessing comment.user.name is going to raise an error. What's the best way to deal with that? I see three possibilities: Use a conditional in the template to test for that case and display something different. This is the most versatile solution, since I can change the way anonymous comments are displayed to, say, "Posted anonymously" (instead of "Posted by ..."), but I've often been told that templates should be mindless display machines and not include logic like that. Also, other people might wind up writing alternate templates for the same application, and I feel like I should be making things as easy as possible for the template writer. Implement an accessor method for the user property of a Comment that returns a dummy user object when the real user is undefined. This dummy object would have user.name = 'Anonymous' or something like that and so the template could access it and print its name with no error. Put an actual record in my database corresponding to a user with user.name = Anonymous (or something like that), and just assign that user to any comment posted when nobody's logged in. I know I've seen some real-world systems that operate this way. (phpBB?) Is there a prevailing wisdom among people who write these sorts of systems about which of these (or some other solution) is the best? Any pitfalls I should watch out for if I go one way vs. another? Whoever gives the best explanation gets the checkmark.

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  • Users Hierarchy Logic

    - by user342944
    Hi guys, I am writing a user security module using SQLServer 2008 so threfore need to design a database accordingly. Formally I had Userinfo table with UserID, Username and ParentID to build a recursion and populated tree to represent hierarchy but now I have following criteria which I need to develop. I have now USERS, ADMINISTRATORS and GROUPS. Each node in the user hierarchy is either a user, administrator or group. User Someone who has login access to my application Administrator A user who may also manage all their child user accounts (and their children etc) This may include creating new users and assigning permissions to those users. There is no limit to the number of administrators in user structure. The higher up in the hierarchy that I go administrators have more child accounts to manage which include other child administrators. Group A user account can be designated as a group. This will be an account which is used to group one or more users together so that they can be manage as a unit. But no one can login to my application using a group account. This is how I want to create structure Super Administrator administrator ------------------------------------------------------------- | | | Manager A Manager B Manager C (adminstrator) (administrator) (administrator) | ----------------------------------------- | | | Employee A Employee B Sales Employees (User) (User) (Group) | ------------------------ | | | Emp C Emp D Emp E (User) (User) (User) Now how to build the table structure to achieve this. Do I need to create Users table alongwith Group table or what? Please guide I would really appreciate.

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  • How To Update EF 4 Entity In ASP.NET MVC 3?

    - by Jason Evans
    Hi there. I have 2 projects - a class library containing an EDM Entity Framework model and a seperate ASP.NET MVC project. I'm having problems with how your suppose to edit and save changes to an entity using MVC. In my controller I have: public class UserController : Controller { public ActionResult Edit(int id) { var rep = new UserRepository(); var user = rep.GetById(id); return View(user); } [HttpPost] public ActionResult Edit(User user) { var rep = new UserRepository(); rep.Update(user); return View(user); } } My UserRepository has an Update method like this: public void Update(User user) { using (var context = new PDS_FMPEntities()) { context.Users.Attach(testUser); context.ObjectStateManager.ChangeObjectState(testUser, EntityState.Modified); context.SaveChanges(); } } Now, when I click 'Save' on the edit user page, the parameter user only contains two values populated: Id, and FirstName. I take it that is due to the fact that I'm only displaying those two properties in the view. My question is this, if I'm updating the user's firstname, and then want to save it, what am I suppose to do about the other User properties which were not shown on the view, since they now contain 0 or NULL values in the user object? I've been reading a lot about using stub entities, but I'm getting nowhere fast, in that none of the examples I've seen actually work. i.e. I keep getting EntityKey related exceptions. Can someone point me to a good tutorial/example of how to update EF 4 entities using a repository class, called by an MVC front-end? Cheers. Jas.

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  • Grails GORM rarely works in domain classes

    - by Vena
    I have many to many relationship between User and Organization. I want to delete user from all his organizations when the user is being deleted, so this is basically what I came up with: class User { ... def beforeDelete() { def user = User.get(id) Organization.all.each { it.removeFromMembers(user) it.save() } } } This surprisingly doesn't work because User.get(id) returns null even though the user with the given id is in the database, when I look at the log, no sql statement is even executed. So I tried to use load() method insted. ObjectNotFoundException is the result then. So I tried this as I was quite desperate: def user = User.find("from User as u where u.id = ?", [1L]) This, for some reason, works. But now, the line with it.removeFromMembers(user) throws NullPointerException. I tried to put this logic in my UserController and it works! Why is this? Why can't I do this in domain classes? This makes beforeDelete hook (and all the others too) pretty useless.

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  • Best tree/heap data structure for fixed set of nodes with changing values + need top 20 values?

    - by user350139
    I'm writing something like a game in C++ where I have a database table containing the current score for each user. I want to read that table into memory at the start of the game, quickly change each user's score while the game is being played in response to what each user does, and then when the game ends write the current scores back to the database. I also want to be able to find the 20 or so users with the highest scores. No users will be added or deleted during the short period when the game is being played. I haven't tried it yet, but updating the database might take too much time during the period when the game is being played. Fixed set of users (might be 10,000 to 50,000 users) Will map user IDs to their score and other user-specific information. User IDs will be auto_increment values. If the structure has a high memory overhead that's probably not an issue. If the program crashes during gameplay it can just be re-started. Quickly get a user's current score. Quickly add to a user's current score (and return their current score) Quickly get 20 users with highest score. No deletes. No inserts except when the structure is first created, and how long that takes isn't critical. Getting the top 20 users will only happen every five or ten seconds, but getting/adding will happen much more frequently. If not for the last, I could just create a memory block equal to sizeof(user) * max(user id) and put each user at user id * sizeof(user) for fast access. Should I do that plus some other structure for the Top 20 feature, or is there one structure that will handle all of this together?

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  • Best practice on structuring asynchronous mailers (using Sidekiq)

    - by gbdev
    Just wondering what's the best way to go about structuring asynchronous mailers in my Rails app (using Sidekiq)? I have one ActionMailer class with multiple methods/emails... notifier.rb: class Notifier < ActionMailer::Base default from: "\"Company Name\" <[email protected]>" default_url_options[:host] = Rails.env.production? ? 'domain.com' : 'localhost:5000' def welcome_email(user) @user = user mail to: @user.email, subject: "Thanks for signing up!" end ... def password_reset(user) @user = user @edit_password_reset_url = edit_password_reset_url(user.perishable_token) mail to: @user.email, subject: "Password Reset" end end Then for example, the password_reset mail is sent in my User model by doing... user.rb: def deliver_password_reset_instructions! reset_perishable_token! NotifierWorker.perform_async(self) end notifier_worker.rb: class NotifierWorker include Sidekiq::Worker sidekiq_options queue: "mail" def perform(user) Notifier.password_reset(user).deliver end end So I guess I'm wondering a couple things here... Is it possible to define many "perform" actions in one single worker? By doing so I could keep things simple (one notifier/mail worker) as I have it and send many different emails through it. Or should I create many workers? One for each mailer (e.g. WelcomeEmailWorker, PasswordResetWorker, etc) and just assign them all to use the same "mail" queue with Sidekiq. I know it works as it is, but should I break out each of those mail methods (welcome_email, password_reset, etc) into individually mailer classes or is it ok to have them all under one class like Notifier? Really appreciate any advice here. Thanks!

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  • How to allow devise users to edit their profil?

    - by user1704926
    I have a namespace called "backend" which is protected by Devise. I would like now to allow users to edit their profil. So I created a users_controller in Backend. Here's the users_controllercode : class Backend::UsersController < ApplicationController layout 'admin' before_filter :authenticate_user! def index @users = Backend::User.all respond_to do |format| format.html # index.html.erb format.json { render json: @users } end end def show @user = Backend::User.find(params[:id]) respond_to do |format| format.html # show.html.erb format.json { render json: @user } end end def edit @user = Backend::User.find(params[:id]) end def update @user = Backend::User.find(params[:id]) respond_to do |format| if @user.update_attributes(params[:user]) format.html { redirect_to @user, notice: 'Article was successfully updated.' } format.json { head :no_content } else format.html { render action: "edit" } format.json { render json: @user.errors, status: :unprocessable_entity } end end end end When I go on backend_users_path there is a list of all the users. I would like to permit to edit only his own profil. So I go on the Edit page : <%= link_to "Edit", edit_backend_user_path(backend_user.id) %> . Here's the Edit page code : <%= simple_form_for @user do |f| %> <div><%= f.label :email %><br /> <%= f.input :email, :autofocus => true %></div> <div><%= f.submit "Update" %></div> <% end %> And there is my problem : when I try to modify the email address, nothing happen. The update fails. How can I do this ? I'm quite lost. Thanks by advance.

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  • Loading a view routed by a URL parameter (e.g., /users/:id) in MEAN stack

    - by Matt Rowles
    I am having difficulties with trying to load a user by their id, for some reason my http.get call isn't hitting my controller. I get the following error in the browser console: TypeError: undefined is not a function at new <anonymous> (http://localhost:9000/scripts/controllers/users.js:10:8) Update I've fixed my code up as per comments below, but now my code just enters an infinite loop in the angular users controllers (see code below). I am using the Angular Express Generator for reference Backend - nodejs, express, mongo routes.js: // not sure if this is required, but have used it before? app.param('username', users.show); app.route('/api/users/:username') .get(users.show); controller.js: // This never gets hit exports.show = function (req, res, next, username) { User.findOne({ username: username }) .exec(function (err, user) { req.user = user; res.json(req.user || null); }); }; Frontend - angular app.js: $routeProvider .when('/users/:username', { templateUrl: function( params ){ return 'users/view/' + params.username; }, controller: 'UsersCtrl' }) services/user.js: angular.module('app') .factory('User', function ($resource) { return $resource('/api/users/:username', { username: '@username' }, { update: { method: 'PUT', params: {} }, get: { method: 'GET', params: { username:'username' } } }); }); controllers/users.js: angular.module('app') .controller('UsersCtrl', ['$scope', '$http', '$routeParams', '$route', 'User', function ($scope, $http, $routeParams, $route, User) { // this returns the error above $http.get( '/api/users/' + $routeParams.username ) .success(function( user ) { $scope.user = user; }) .error(function( err) { console.log( err ); }); }]); If it helps, I'm using this setup

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  • Setting the type of a field in a superclass from a subclass (Java)

    - by Ibolit
    Hi. I am writing a project on Google App Engine, within it I have a number of abstract classes that I hope I will be able to use in my future projects, and a number of concrete classes inheriting from them. Among other abstract classes I have an abstract servlet that does user management, and I hava an abstract user. The AbstractUser has all the necessary fields and methods for storing it in the datastore and telling whether the user is registered with my service or not. It does not implement any project specific functionality. The abstract servlet that manages users, refers only to the methods declared in the AbstractUser class, which allows it to generate links for logging in, logging out and registering (for unregistered users). In order to implement the project-specific user functionality I need to subclass the Abstract user. The servlets I use in my project are all indirect descendants from that abstract user management servlet, and the user is a protected field in it, so the descendant servlets can use it as their own field. However, whenever i want to access any project specific method of the concrete user, i need to cast it to that type. i.e. (abstract user managing servlet) ... AbstractUser user = getUser(); ... abstract protected AbstractUser getUser(); (project-specific abstract servlet) @Override protected AbstractUser getUser() { return MyUserFactory.getUser(); } any other project specific servlet: int a = ((ConcreteUser) user).getA(); Well, what i'd like to do is to somehow make the type of “user” in the superclass depend on something in the project-specific abstract class. Is it at all possible? And i don't want to move all the user-management stuff into a project-specific layer, for i would like to have it for my future projects already written :) Thank you for your help.

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  • How to find intersect rows when condition depend on some columns in one table

    - by user3695637
    Table subscribe subscriber | subscribeto (columns) 1 | 5 1 | 6 1 | 7 1 | 8 1 | 9 1 | 10 2 | 5 2 | 6 2 | 7 There are two users that have id 1 and 2. They subscribe to various user and I inserted these data to table subscribe. Column subscriber indicates who is subscriber and column subscribeto indicates who they've subscribe to. From the above table can conclude that; user id=1 subscribed to 6 users user id=2 subscribed to 3 users I want to find manual of subscription (like Facebook is manual friends) user 1 subscribe to user 5,6,7,8,9,10 user 2 subscribe to user 5,6,7 So, Manual subscription of user 1 and 2 are: 5,6,7 And I'm trying to create SQL statement.. I give you user table for my SQL statement and I think we can use only subscribe table but I can't figure out. Table user userid (columns) 1 2 3 ... ... SQL "select * from user where (select count( 1 ) from subscribe where subscriber = '1' and subscribeto = user.userid) and (select count( 1 ) from subscribe where subscriber = '2' and subscribeto = user.userid);" This SQL can work correctly, but it very slow for thousands of columns. Please provide better SQL for me, Thanks.

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  • Create Rails model with argument of associated model?

    - by Kyle Carlson
    I have two models, User and PushupReminder, and a method create_a_reminder in my PushupReminder controller (is that the best place to put it?) that I want to have create a new instance of a PushupReminder for a given user when I pass it a user ID. I have the association via the user_id column working correctly in my PushupReminder table and I've tested that I can both create reminders & send the reminder email correctly via the Rails console. Here is a snippet of the model code: class User < ActiveRecord::Base has_many :pushup_reminders end class PushupReminder < ActiveRecord::Base belongs_to :user end And the create_a_reminder method: def create_a_reminder(user) @user = User.find(user) @reminder = PushupReminder.create(:user_id => @user.id, :completed => false, :num_pushups => @user.pushups_per_reminder, :when_sent => Time.now) PushupReminderMailer.reminder_email(@user).deliver end I'm at a loss for how to run that create_a_reminder method in my code for a given user (eventually will be in a cron job for all my users). If someone could help me get my thinking on the right track, I'd really appreciate it. Thanks!

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  • how to set keyboard for phonetic Hindi typing oneiric for Wx keyboard on QWERTY keyboard

    - by Registered User
    I am trying to type documents in Hindi language. My OS: Ubuntu 11.10 Gnome environment (http://packages.ubuntu.com/search?keywords=gnome-session-fallback) I do not use unity interface.The method is shown here http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LL7icGNhIfI I am able to type in Hindi in Libreoffice and gedit as well with method shown above.But this is a very difficult way of typing because I have to remember all the English Keys corresponding to the Hindi words as mapped here http://docs.redhat.com/docs/en-US/Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux/5/html-single/International_Language_Support_Guide/images/hindi.png What I want to be able to do is type phonetically and not use above kind of keyboard. I have US English keyboard in my laptop. See the snapshot here https://picasaweb.google.com/107404068162388981296/UnknownAsianLanguage#5704771437325752466 I have selected the phonetic input method in Ibus window but this still is not working as expected. I expect to be able to type phonetically (given with above phonetic selection) what is happening is I have to type like using a QWERTY keyboard for Hindi language which is deviation from expected behavior. How can I rectify or achieve correct behavior?

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  • Flow-Design Cheat Sheet &ndash; Part I, Notation

    - by Ralf Westphal
    You want to avoid the pitfalls of object oriented design? Then this is the right place to start. Use Flow-Oriented Analysis (FOA) and –Design (FOD or just FD for Flow-Design) to understand a problem domain and design a software solution. Flow-Orientation as described here is related to Flow-Based Programming, Event-Based Programming, Business Process Modelling, and even Event-Driven Architectures. But even though “thinking in flows” is not new, I found it helpful to deviate from those precursors for several reasons. Some aim at too big systems for the average programmer, some are concerned with only asynchronous processing, some are even not very much concerned with programming at all. What I was looking for was a design method to help in software projects of any size, be they large or tiny, involing synchronous or asynchronous processing, being local or distributed, running on the web or on the desktop or on a smartphone. That´s why I took ideas from all of the above sources and some additional and came up with Event-Based Components which later got repositioned and renamed to Flow-Design. In the meantime this has generated some discussion (in the German developer community) and several teams have started to work with Flow-Design. Also I´ve conducted quite some trainings using Flow-Orientation for design. The results are very promising. Developers find it much easier to design software using Flow-Orientation than OOAD-based object orientation. Since Flow-Orientation is moving fast and is not covered completely by a single source like a book, demand has increased for at least an overview of the current state of its notation. This page is trying to answer this demand by briefly introducing/describing every notational element as well as their translation into C# source code. Take this as a cheat sheet to put next to your whiteboard when designing software. However, please do not expect any explanation as to the reasons behind Flow-Design elements. Details on why Flow-Design at all and why in this specific way you´ll find in the literature covering the topic. Here´s a resource page on Flow-Design/Event-Based Components, if you´re able to read German. Notation Connected Functional Units The basic element of any FOD are functional units (FU): Think of FUs as some kind of software code block processing data. For the moment forget about classes, methods, “components”, assemblies or whatever. See a FU as an abstract piece of code. Software then consists of just collaborating FUs. I´m using circles/ellipses to draw FUs. But if you like, use rectangles. Whatever suites your whiteboard needs best.   The purpose of FUs is to process input and produce output. FUs are transformational. However, FUs are not called and do not call other FUs. There is no dependency between FUs. Data just flows into a FU (input) and out of it (output). From where and where to is of no concern to a FU.   This way FUs can be concatenated in arbitrary ways:   Each FU can accept input from many sources and produce output for many sinks:   Flows Connected FUs form a flow with a start and an end. Data is entering a flow at a source, and it´s leaving it through a sink. Think of sources and sinks as special FUs which conntect wires to the environment of a network of FUs.   Wiring Details Data is flowing into/out of FUs through wires. This is to allude to electrical engineering which since long has been working with composable parts. Wires are attached to FUs usings pins. They are the entry/exit points for the data flowing along the wires. Input-/output pins currently need not be drawn explicitly. This is to keep designing on a whiteboard simple and quick.   Data flowing is of some type, so wires have a type attached to them. And pins have names. If there is only one input pin and output pin on a FU, though, you don´t need to mention them. The default is Process for a single input pin, and Result for a single output pin. But you´re free to give even single pins different names.   There is a shortcut in use to address a certain pin on a destination FU:   The type of the wire is put in parantheses for two reasons. 1. This way a “no-type” wire can be easily denoted, 2. this is a natural way to describe tuples of data.   To describe how much data is flowing, a star can be put next to the wire type:   Nesting – Boards and Parts If more than 5 to 10 FUs need to be put in a flow a FD starts to become hard to understand. To keep diagrams clutter free they can be nested. You can turn any FU into a flow: This leads to Flow-Designs with different levels of abstraction. A in the above illustration is a high level functional unit, A.1 and A.2 are lower level functional units. One of the purposes of Flow-Design is to be able to describe systems on different levels of abstraction and thus make it easier to understand them. Humans use abstraction/decomposition to get a grip on complexity. Flow-Design strives to support this and make levels of abstraction first class citizens for programming. You can read the above illustration like this: Functional units A.1 and A.2 detail what A is supposed to do. The whole of A´s responsibility is decomposed into smaller responsibilities A.1 and A.2. FU A thus does not do anything itself anymore! All A is responsible for is actually accomplished by the collaboration between A.1 and A.2. Since A now is not doing anything anymore except containing A.1 and A.2 functional units are devided into two categories: boards and parts. Boards are just containing other functional units; their sole responsibility is to wire them up. A is a board. Boards thus depend on the functional units nested within them. This dependency is not of a functional nature, though. Boards are not dependent on services provided by nested functional units. They are just concerned with their interface to be able to plug them together. Parts are the workhorses of flows. They contain the real domain logic. They actually transform input into output. However, they do not depend on other functional units. Please note the usage of source and sink in boards. They correspond to input-pins and output-pins of the board.   Implicit Dependencies Nesting functional units leads to a dependency tree. Boards depend on nested functional units, they are the inner nodes of the tree. Parts are independent, they are the leafs: Even though dependencies are the bane of software development, Flow-Design does not usually draw these dependencies. They are implicitly created by visually nesting functional units. And they are harmless. Boards are so simple in their functionality, they are little affected by changes in functional units they are depending on. But functional units are implicitly dependent on more than nested functional units. They are also dependent on the data types of the wires attached to them: This is also natural and thus does not need to be made explicit. And it pertains mainly to parts being dependent. Since boards don´t do anything with regard to a problem domain, they don´t care much about data types. Their infrastructural purpose just needs types of input/output-pins to match.   Explicit Dependencies You could say, Flow-Orientation is about tackling complexity at its root cause: that´s dependencies. “Natural” dependencies are depicted naturally, i.e. implicitly. And whereever possible dependencies are not even created. Functional units don´t know their collaborators within a flow. This is core to Flow-Orientation. That makes for high composability of functional units. A part is as independent of other functional units as a motor is from the rest of the car. And a board is as dependend on nested functional units as a motor is on a spark plug or a crank shaft. With Flow-Design software development moves closer to how hardware is constructed. Implicit dependencies are not enough, though. Sometimes explicit dependencies make designs easier – as counterintuitive this might sound. So FD notation needs a ways to denote explicit dependencies: Data flows along wires. But data does not flow along dependency relations. Instead dependency relations represent service calls. Functional unit C is depending on/calling services on functional unit S. If you want to be more specific, name the services next to the dependency relation: Although you should try to stay clear of explicit dependencies, they are fundamentally ok. See them as a way to add another dimension to a flow. Usually the functionality of the independent FU (“Customer repository” above) is orthogonal to the domain of the flow it is referenced by. If you like emphasize this by using different shapes for dependent and independent FUs like above. Such dependencies can be used to link in resources like databases or shared in-memory state. FUs can not only produce output but also can have side effects. A common pattern for using such explizit dependencies is to hook a GUI into a flow as the source and/or the sink of data: Which can be shortened to: Treat FUs others depend on as boards (with a special non-FD API the dependent part is connected to), but do not embed them in a flow in the diagram they are depended upon.   Attributes of Functional Units Creation and usage of functional units can be modified with attributes. So far the following have shown to be helpful: Singleton: FUs are by default multitons. FUs in the same of different flows with the same name refer to the same functionality, but to different instances. Think of functional units as objects that get instanciated anew whereever they appear in a design. Sometimes though it´s helpful to reuse the same instance of a functional unit; this is always due to valuable state it holds. Signify this by annotating the FU with a “(S)”. Multiton: FUs on which others depend are singletons by default. This is, because they usually are introduced where shared state comes into play. If you want to change them to be a singletons mark them with a “(M)”. Configurable: Some parts need to be configured before the can do they work in a flow. Annotate them with a “(C)” to have them initialized before any data items to be processed by them arrive. Do not assume any order in which FUs are configured. How such configuration is happening is an implementation detail. Entry point: In each design there needs to be a single part where “it all starts”. That´s the entry point for all processing. It´s like Program.Main() in C# programs. Mark the entry point part with an “(E)”. Quite often this will be the GUI part. How the entry point is started is an implementation detail. Just consider it the first FU to start do its job.   Patterns / Standard Parts If more than a single wire is attached to an output-pin that´s called a split (or fork). The same data is flowing on all of the wires. Remember: Flow-Designs are synchronous by default. So a split does not mean data is processed in parallel afterwards. Processing still happens synchronously and thus one branch after another. Do not assume any specific order of the processing on the different branches after the split.   It is common to do a split and let only parts of the original data flow on through the branches. This effectively means a map is needed after a split. This map can be implicit or explicit.   Although FUs can have multiple input-pins it is preferrable in most cases to combine input data from different branches using an explicit join: The default output of a join is a tuple of its input values. The default behavior of a join is to output a value whenever a new input is received. However, to produce its first output a join needs an input for all its input-pins. Other join behaviors can be: reset all inputs after an output only produce output if data arrives on certain input-pins

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  • BOINC error code -1200 when opening...

    - by Erik Vold
    I installed boinc 6.10.21 on my macosx 10.5 in order to upgrade from a 6.6 version that I was running today, and I am the admin user, and I was logged in as the admin user. As I was installing 6.10.21 I was asked if non admin users should be allowed to use boinc, and I said 'yes' to this. Then when I tried to open boinc I got a message like the following: "You currently are not authorized to manage the client. Either re-install and allow non-admin users or contact your administrator to add you to the 'boinc_master' user group." So I tried to reinstall first, and I was not asked if non admin users should be allowed to use boinc.. so I retried a few times and got no different result.. So I downloaded 6.10.43 and installed that, and again I was not asked if non admin users should be allowed to use boinc.. and when I tried to run boinc I got the same message like: "You currently are not authorized to manage the client. Either re-install and allow non-admin users or contact your administrator to add you to the 'boinc_master' user group." So I did a google search trying to figure out how to add my admin user to the bonic_master user group and found this which suggested I run the following in terminal: "sudo dscl . -append /Groups/boinc_master GroupMembership <your user's short name> CR" So I did this and now I get the following error: BOINC ownership or permissions are not set properly; please reinstall BOINC (Error code -1200) So I reinstall and I am ever asked the question about allowing non admin users again, and I still get this error message every after every reinstall attempt.. What should I do?..

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  • I can't connect new Windows 7 PC to Mac iBook with OS 10.3.9

    - by Jeff Humm
    Help ! I have an old iBook wired to a router and a new PC linking wirelessly to same router. On the Mac I have 'seen' the PC but not been able to connect to it. On the PC, the Network and Sharing Centre lists 'IBOOK'. When I click on this, 'Windows Security' asks me to 'Enter Network Password', asking for User name and password. I have tried: 1) The user name and password of my admin account on the iBook. This returns a 'logon failure' message but lists the user name as [NAME_OF_PC\User Name], suggesting it was looking for the user name of the PC, not the Mac. 2) The user name and password of my account on the PC. This also returns a 'logon failure' message. 3) The user name of my account on the PC and the 'homegroup password' given to me by Windows when setting up the PC. This also returns a 'logon failure' message. Today I've tried connecting the two machines via a patch cable - still no joy. Can anyone help? It is 20 years since I wrestled with any OS other than Mac, and 10 years since I've done mich wrangling with the Macs, so please assume no knowledge! Thanks in advance,

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  • Boinc permissions problem on OS X

    - by Erik Vold
    I installed boinc 6.10.21 on my OS X 10.5 in order to upgrade from a 6.6 version that I was running today, and I am the admin user, and I was logged in as the admin user. As I was installing 6.10.21 I was asked if non admin users should be allowed to use Boinc, and I said 'yes' to this. Then when I tried to open Boinc I got a message like the following: "You currently are not authorized to manage the client. Either re-install and allow non-admin users or contact your administrator to add you to the 'boinc_master' user group." So I tried to reinstall first, and I was not asked if non admin users should be allowed to use Boinc.. so I retried a few times and got no different result.. So I downloaded 6.10.43 and installed that, and again I was not asked if non admin users should be allowed to use boinc.. and when I tried to run Boinc I got the same message like: "You currently are not authorized to manage the client. Either re-install and allow non-admin users or contact your administrator to add you to the 'boinc_master' user group." So I did a Google search trying to figure out how to add my admin user to the bonic_master user group and found this which suggested I run the following in terminal: "sudo dscl . -append /Groups/boinc_master GroupMembership <your user's short name> CR" So I did this and now I get the following error: BOINC ownership or permissions are not set properly; please reinstall BOINC (Error code -1200) So I reinstall and I am ever asked the question about allowing non admin users again, and I still get this error message every after every reinstall attempt.. What should I do?..

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  • Setup git repository on gentoo server using gitosis & ssh

    - by ikso
    I installed git and gitosis as described here in this guide Here are the steps I took: Server: Gentoo Client: MAC OS X 1) git install emerge dev-util/git 2) gitosis install cd ~/src git clone git://eagain.net/gitosis.git cd gitosis python setup.py install 3) added git user adduser --system --shell /bin/sh --comment 'git version control' --no-user-group --home-dir /home/git git In /etc/shadow now: git:!:14665:::::: 4) On local computer (Mac OS X) (local login is ipx, server login is expert) ssh-keygen -t dsa got 2 files: ~/.ssh/id_dsa.pub ~/.ssh/id_dsa 5) Copied id_dsa.pub onto server ~/.ssh/id_dsa.pub Added content from file ~/.ssh/id_dsa.pub into file ~/.ssh/authorized_keys cp ~/.ssh/id_dsa.pub /tmp/id_dsa.pub sudo -H -u git gitosis-init < /tmp/id_rsa.pub sudo chmod 755 /home/git/repositories/gitosis-admin.git/hooks/post-update 6) Added 2 params to /etc/ssh/sshd_config RSAAuthentication yes PubkeyAuthentication yes Full sshd_config: Protocol 2 RSAAuthentication yes PubkeyAuthentication yes PasswordAuthentication no UsePAM yes PrintMotd no PrintLastLog no Subsystem sftp /usr/lib64/misc/sftp-server 7) Local settings in file ~/.ssh/config: Host myserver.com.ua User expert Port 22 IdentityFile ~/.ssh/id_dsa 8) Tested: ssh [email protected] Done! 9) Next step. There I have problem git clone [email protected]:gitosis-admin.git cd gitosis-admin SSH asked password for user git. Why ssh should allow me to login as user git? The git user doesn't have a password. The ssh key I created is for the user expert. How this should work? Do I have to add some params to sshd_config?

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  • Mac OS X Lion (10.7) Drive Encryption

    - by Skoota
    My iMac has two drives (a 256 GB solid-state drive, and regular 2 TB hard drive). The Mac OS X Lion system is installed on the solid-state drive and, like many other users, I have moved my user profile folder onto the secondary 2 TB drive. However, as you may be aware, FileVault 2 on Mac OS X Lion (10.7) only encrypts the system drive. This leaves my data drive (containing my user profile folder, with all of my data) unencrypted. I am aware that work arounds for this issue exist (such as https://github.com/jridgewell/Unlock) but I am not happy with the results since they involve decrypting the data drive on startup using a LaunchDaemon (before any users have logged into the computer) essentially meaning that any user who logs onto the computer will see the unencrypted drive. I would like a method which will only unencrypted the data when an authorised user logs into the computer. As such, is there a way to do one of the following? Encrypt the entire data drive and only decrypt the drive when an authorised user logs into the computer. This would be equivalent behaviour to the Lion FileVault 2 feature, but on a secondary drive rather than the system drive. Encrypt only the user profile folder on the data drive, and only decrypt the folder when the user logs into the computer. This would be equivalent to the behaviour of FileVault 1 on previous versions of Mac OS X? I am happy to pay for a commercial third-party product that provides the required feature(s), but I have not yet been able to find one. Thanks in advance for any assistance.

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  • Formatting pwd/ls for use with scp

    - by eumiro
    I have two terminal windows with bash. One is local on the client computer, another one has an SSH-session on the server. On the server, I am in a directory and seeing a file I would like to copy to my client using scp from the client. On the server I see: user@server:/path$ ls filename filename I can now type scp in the client shell, select and copy the user@server:/path from the server shell and paste to the client shell, then type slash and copy and paste the filename and append a dot to get: user@client:~$ scp user@server:/path/filename . to scp a file from the server to the client. Now I am searching for a command on the server, that would work like this: user@server:/path$ special_ls filename user@server:/path/filename which would give me the complete scp-ready string to copy&paste to the client shell. Something in the form echo $USER@$HOSTNAME:${pwd}/$filename working with relative/absolute paths. Is there any such command/switch combination or do I have to hack it myself? Thank you very much.

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