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• performance block countries using iptables /netfilter

  - by markus

  It's easy to block IPs from country using iptables (e.g. like http://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/block-entier-country-using-iptables/). However I read that the performance can go down if the deny list get too large. An alternative is installing the iptables geoip patch or using ipset ( http://www.jsimmons.co.uk/2010/06/08/using-ipset-with-iptables-in-ubuntu-lts-1004-to-block-large-ip-ranges/) instead of iptables. Does anyone have experience with the various approaches and can say something about the performance differences ? Are there are other ways to block country IPs in linux which I did't mentioned above?

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• Changing startup parameters for MySQL

  - by RN

  I need to remove skip-networking from MySQL startup parameters I am running MySQL on Linux on Centos on a VPS Can someone please tell a newbie how to do this ? I suppose to start and stop the mySQL server, I have to do something like this /etc/init.d/mysqld stop /etc/init.d/mysqld start ps -ef|grep 'mysql' root 11331 20220 0 10:53 pts/0 00:00:00 grep mysql root 32452 1 0 Apr02 ? 00:00:00 /bin/sh /usr/bin/mysqld_safe --skip-grant-tables --skip-networking mysql 32504 32452 0 Apr02 ? 00:00:18 /usr/libexec/mysqld --basedir=/usr --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --user=mysql --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid --skip-external-locking --socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock --skip-grant-tables --skip-networking

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• Re-assembling the RAID-5 array reboots my CentOS-5 machine

  - by xraminx

  I have 3 HDD's, each divided into 3 partitions. I had created a RAID-1 for boot partition md0 created from sda0, sdb0 and had also created two RAID-5 arrays: md1 created from sda1, sdb1, sdc1 md2 created from sda2, sdb2, sdc2 It used to work fine but one day I had to power off the machine (cold reboot) to get any response from the machine. After that, when the system started booting, it tried for a while to reconstruct the RAID arrays but after a few minutes it crashed silently. I booted the system in linux rescue mode from the DVD and tried to re-assemble the RAID devices manually. I was able to re-assemble md0 and md1 using: mdadm --assemble --scan /dev/md0 mdadm --assemble --scan /dev/md1 But when I try to re-assemble md2 using: mdadm --assemble --scan /dev/md2 the system reboots silently again. How can I fix this problem?

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• Using the right folder for the right job. Article link, please?

  - by Droogans

  There are specific folders designed for specific tasks. /var/www holds your web sites, /usr/bin contains files to run your applications...yet I still find myself putting nearly all of my work in ~. Is it possible to overuse my home directory? Will it come back to haunt me? Anyone have a good link to an article of best practices for organizing your files so that they are placed in their "correct" place? Is there even such a thing in Linux? I am referring specifically to user-generated content. I do not compile applications from source, I use apt-get for those tasks. This article has a great introduction to what I'm looking for. Table 3-2, "Subdirectories of the root directory" is the sort of thing I'm looking for, but with more details/examples.

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• Unable to bring back terminal launcher in fedora

  - by Sandeepan Nath

  Our office housing keeping guy sat on my linux (Fedora 7) system and somehow removed the main panel. By panel I mean where all the menus are there - Applications, Places, System etc. and contains a tab for every running application. I brought back the panel but now I don't see the terminal launcher and I can't find it anywhere. It used to be there in "Applications - System Tools - Terminal" but now the System Tools option itself is not present there. System - Preferences - Look and Feel - Main Menu. There one System option is unchecked but I can't check it and apply. I am logged in as root. How do I bring it back? Please help. This is very irritating and weird. That guy doesn't even know what he has done so no use of asking him. :)

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• What is the correct term for the number of bits used by an operating system

  - by benc

  Recently, some discussions came up about 32 bit vs. 64 bit implementations of operating systems. While I was composing a message about this topic, I realized that I did not know if there was a correct term for the number of bits supported by an operating system. For example, various versions of Solaris and Linux have 32bit and 64bit releases. Is the distinction "architecture"? In my experience, that has referred to chip types (Intel vs. PPC). Is it a "release"? Typically, I think of a release as a version number a consistent feature set, that might run on different architectures. Maybe it is just "architecture", after all, even though a chip family might have used several different bit sizes over time, the chips themselves are different when you jump from 32bit to 64bit.

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• nagios-nrpe-unable-to-read-output [closed]

  - by Bill S

  Oracle Linux; Icinga; Nagios plugins I did all the easy steps command runs fine standalone through my normal login; looked at /var/log/messages to see if any clues there Trying to run plugin under nrpe login - cant login don't know password; does this password matter? can I reset it? clone id? Any way to have shell being executed log all commands and output to somewhere? Trying to run this shell script plugin "nqcmd OBIEE plugin for Nagios" from this URL: http://www.rittmanmead.com/2012/09/advanced-monitoring-of-obiee-with-nagios/ I went through script and made sure that everything obvious was set to 755 Any help would be appreciated

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• Forward Windows Events Logs to Rsyslog

  - by SamCulley

  Thanks for taking time to read this post. Basically I would like to forward Windows Events Logs from all my desktop clients to a linux box with rsyslog on. Rsyslog provide a Windows agent to do just that but its 40 euros per license and when you have x amount of machines that cost adds up. I was wondering if there is a FOSS alternative available I have tried searching the Google but haven't managed to find anything. Hopefully someone might already faced this same problem and are using an alternative that they could recommend. Again thanks for reading, Kind Regards Sam

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• Webserver security, intrusion detection, and file intregrity

  - by enfield

  I would like to add some type of tracking / alerting on some linux webservers running PHP and Apache. In doing searches I have come across a lot of info from 2006-2009. Would like to revisit things and see what others are doing now. The main purpose here is to track when any files are changed and if so alert me somehow. The same goes for IDS and hopefully something that can reside on same server? Since some of these are small scale projects I would prefer opensource/free solutions that are really effective. Although I would still like to hear of other alternatives if someone has the experience and the cost can be justified.

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• What is the EGG environment variable?

  - by Randall

  A user on our (openSuSE) linux systems attempted to run sudo, and triggered an alert. He has the environment variable EGG set - EGG=UH211åH1ÒH»ÿ/bin/shHÁSH211çH1ÀPWH211æ°;^O^Ej^A_j<X^O^EÉÃÿ This looks unusual to say the least. Is EGG a legitimate environment variable? (I've found some references to PYTHON_EGG_CACHE - could be related? But that environment variable isn't set for this user). If it's legit, then I imagine this group has the best chance of recognizing it. Or, given the embedded /bin/sh in the string above, does anyone recognize this as an exploit fingerprint? It wouldn't be the first time we had a cracked account (sigh).

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• setting nproc in /etc/security/limit.conf prevents ssh login

  - by omry

  I am trying to use /etc/security/limit.conf on Linux (Debian) to limit the number of processes per user. for starters, I tried to limit my own user processes by adding this to /etc/security/limit.conf: omry hard nproc 100 this locked my user out of ssh. I could open new processes (verified with su omry), but could not log into ssh with that user : sshd reported this in it's log: fatal: setreuid 1000: Resource temporarily unavailable also, I am certain my user is not running anything near 100 processes (actually 6). what can be the reason for this?

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• BIOS password and hardware clock problems

  - by Slartibartfast

  I have HP 6730b lap top. I've bought it used and installed (Gentoo) linux on it. BIOS is protected with password, and guy I bought it from said "I've tweaked BIOS from Windows program, it never asked me for password". I've tried to erase password by removing battery, but it's still there. What did get erased obviously is hw clock. This is what hapends: a) I can leave lap top in January 1980 and it works b) I can correct system time, but boot wil fail with "superblock mount time in future" from where I need to manually do fsck and continue boot c) I can correct system time and sync it with hwclock -w but than it will behave as b) and it will reset BIOS time to 1.1.1980 00:00 So I need either a way to bypass a BIOS password (wich after lot of googling seems impossible),a way to persist a clock, or a setup that will enable hw clock in eighties, system clock in present time and normal boot.

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• Segfault with rtorrent on Debian Lenny

  - by digital

  Hi, My debian lenny server keeps segfaulting with rtorrent, it happens once every 24 hours. Libcurl has been recompiled to the latest version and it still seems to happen. I'm not the best when it comes to linux server admin but if you require more info about the system I'll try and get it for you. lib/rtorrent are 0.8.5/0.12.5 Any help would be appreciated as I'd like rtorrent up 24/7 Caught Segmentation fault, dumping stack: 0 rtorrent [0x439686] 1 rtorrent [0x43e06a] 2 /lib/libc.so.6 [0x7f73ce780f60] 3 /usr/lib/libcurl.so.4 [0x7f73d04f4431] 4 /usr/lib/libcurl.so.4 [0x7f73d04f47da] 5 /usr/lib/libcurl.so.4(curl_multi_remove_handle+0x341) [0x7f73d050acb1] 6 rtorrent [0x480221] 7 rtorrent [0x482915] 8 /usr/local/lib/libtorrent.so.11 [0x7f73d02b1f95] 9 /usr/local/lib/libtorrent.so.11 [0x7f73d02b1fea] 10 /usr/local/lib/libtorrent.so.11 [0x7f73d02b4cfc] 11 rtorrent [0x48058a] 12 rtorrent [0x439f49] 13 /lib/libc.so.6(__libc_start_main+0xe6) [0x7f73ce76d1a6] 14 rtorrent(_ZNSt8ios_base4InitD1Ev+0x71) [0x40ea99]

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• Compiling to a binary from source

  - by Chords

  I'm using WKHTMLTOPDF on a 64-bit Linux server and I'm running into problems with the version. Seen here: http://code.google.com/p/wkhtmltopdf/downloads/list There's slim pickins when it comes to pre-compiled binaries. I started with version 0.9.9 which has a few bugs. I upgraded to 0.11.0 RC 1 to find a slew of new problems, namely the following: http://code.google.com/p/wkhtmltopdf/issues/detail?id=730 I think 0.10 RC 2 would work, and the thread above suggests compiling from the source has a fix for the error I'm getting, but I don't know how to do that. Can anyone explain how I can create a static binary myself, or would anyone be willing to create and post one for the countless people waiting for this fix?

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• apache server not working after installing zend server

  - by kamal

  i have apache installed in my redhat 5.3 server machine. and i was trying to install zend server. i installed zend server with install.sh file in directory /var/zend. in my windows machine after installling zend server community edition i was able to access apache server as well as zend server. but in my linux machine localhost displays nothing and localhost:10081 shows zend server. what can i do to run my localhost? or should i seperately install apache?

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• List of MD /Raid/LVM (Devices) = How to mount them without any further information available?

  - by Jens

  Hello Expets, I do not have much skills in linux and installed a system two years ago that I now had to reboot, but it seems I did not automate everything with start-scripts... My Problem: I miss some mountpoints. I have a list of my raids (excerpt:) md3 : active (auto-read-only) raid1 sda6[0] sdb6[1] 97659008 blocks [2/2] [UU] md4 : active (auto-read-only) raid1 sda7[0] sdb7[1] 250099776 blocks [2/2] [UU] and it seems md3 and md4 are NOT mounted. However i do NOT have any entries for them fstab file. What should I do next. I do NOT know which filesystem they have (most likely ext3). =Can I savely try to mount them with (mount -t ext3 /dev/md3 /mnt/mymntpoint) or will the lead to corrupted data, in case they are not ext3? What should I do next (based on the information given above). The goal is to remount these Devices again, but I do not know anything about them anymore... Thank you very much Jens

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• Necessitas : le port Android de Qt, sera bientôt intégré au Qt Project, le support officiel d'Android est prévu pour 2013

  Il était déjà annoncé que Digia envisageait de supporter les plateformes mobiles de mieux en mieux avec Qt, avec pour objectif l'intégration d'Android et iOS dans les plateformes supportées en tier 1 courant 2013 (c'est-à-dire comme plateformes principales). Une des pistes était l'intégration du code de Necessitas, le port lancé par BogDan Vatra pour Android : la bonne nouvelle du jour est que les deux parties se sont mises d'accord pour que cela arrive ! Le port Android de Qt 5 sera basé sur le projet Necessitas, BogDan souhaitant en devenir mainteneur (selon l'organisation du Qt Project : http://qt.developpez.com/actu/38218/...rriv...

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• How to force laptop mode on/off

  - by Vi

  root@vi-notebook:/home/vi# laptop_mode start force Laptop mode enabled, not active How to start laptop mode? It starts successfully when AC adapter is removed, but not by explicit command. The system is GNU/Linux Debian i386 squeeze (not up to date), 2.6.30-zen2-31270-gc7099db-dirty, Acer Extensa 5220. Update: Changed to ENABLE_LAPTOP_MODE_ON_AC=1 in /etc/laptop_mode/laptop-mode.conf, now it is turned on always. But I can't turn it off with laptop_mode stop force, it stays turned on anyway. How do I turn it off again?

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• Automatically encrypting incoming email

  - by user16067

  I have a small website and would like to encrypt incoming email using gpg. Is there a way to force sendmail to check email and encrypt it if its not already encrypted? I'm using GPG on a linux server. Thanks [added]Someone asked what I hope to accomplish. My intent is for the users of the email to become more familiar with seeing thier own email encrypted and losing that fear of the unknown. The side benefit is that the email can't be looked at later down the road. If the email isn't encrypted on its way in, I'm unable to do anything about it. I'm assuming most email would be nosed around with once its already on my hard drive, so GPG would protect against those issues.

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• Using rsync to take backup of folder

  - by Ali

  Hi, I have a server (Linux) with NAS which is mounted as folder "mount" I have website in "public_html" folder. I want to take backup of website in mount folder automatically at certain intervals for e.g. every hour. I read that there is something called "rsync" which is used to make two folders sync. And it doesn't copy all files every time and instead matches if the file has been changed and then only update changed files. How do I use it to make automatic backups? I have root access to server. Thanks

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• Monit wont start/stop any processes

  - by Vaughan Magnusson

  Hi, I've got monit running on a linux vserver, installed in a custom location /home/user/bin/monit as that is the only suitable location according to the webhost providers. When I installed monit I used ./configure --prefix=/home/user Monit itself runs, and sends me emails of it's activity, and the control file syntax is correct. However, monit cannot seem to start or stop anything - or even run the simplest of scripts. eg. Using 'monit stop all', I try to run the following stop command stop = "/bin/bash /home/user/simple_script.sh" Which fails (and says so in the log). I cant figure out why this is failing, can anyone help with this?

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• How to increase max FD limit for a daemon process running under a headless user?

  - by Ameliorator

  To increase the FD limit for a daemon process running under a headless user on a Ubuntu Linux machine we did following changes in /etc/security/limits.conf soft nofile 10000 hard nofile 10000 We also added session required pam_limits.so in /etc/pam.d/login. The changes got reflected for all the users who logged out and logged in again. Whatever new processes are starting under those users are getting new FD limits. But for the daemon which is running under a headless user the changes are not getting reflected. what is the way by which the changes can be reflected for the daemon which is running under headless user ?

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• Making TT-RSS cache images

  - by Piku

  Due to Google Reader's untimely demise, I've installed tiny-tiny RSS on my Linux machine under Apache 2. It's mostly a good enough replacement and I can at least go back to reading RSS feeds in my web browser at work. Can I configure or hack TT-RSS to cache all the images it finds in its feeds? There is an option when adding a feed, but it doesn't seem to actually do anything. If I view (for example) today's XKCD comic in TT-RSS it still loads the image from the XKCD website. What I want is the image to be cached in TT-RSS and served from there instead.

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• Make own dial-up ISP using broadband connection [on hold]

  - by SkylarMT

  So, I see no reason why this wouldn't be possible. I have a Linux server (a Raspberry Pi to be exact) connected via Ethernet to a broadband ISP. I want to be able to dial a number, have it go through the normal telephone network, onto the Internet via a VoIP provider (I know you can call a Skype user from a landline), to my Raspberry Pi, and then have the Pi connect me to the Internet. I've found guides on making your own ISP, but they all involve a dedicated phone line on the server end. Is there a way to do this with no modem on the server end? I live in an area with a lot of people still on dialup, and if I pull this off I could make some extra money. Thanks!

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• Stop a particular key getting captured by rdesktop

  - by user18151

  Hello, I want F12 to be not capture by my rdesktop while in fullscreen, so that I can do whatever stuff I'm doing on my remote Windows computer, but pressing F12 would bring down yakuake, and I can type down my commands, or use vim etc for whatever I'm doing. Is there any possible way to do this? I tried playing with keymaps, but that didn't help. I set F12 to inhibit, but that seems to have stopped sending F12 altogether, rather than let gnome catch it and let yakuake pop up. Would be really grateful for answers. I am ready to do my homework, if someone could please just give me pointers etc. Thanks :). Sidenote: My current arranement stems from my large monitor in lab, and small personal laptop monitor, and the laptop has Windows 7. My lab computer has Linux, on which I do my coding work.

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