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• WEP/WPA/WPA2 and wifi sniffing

  - by jcea

  Hi, I know that WEP traffic can be "sniffed" by any user of the WIFI. I know that WPA/WPA2 traffic is encrypted using a different link key for each user, so they can't sniff traffic... unless they capture the initial handshake. If you are using a PSK (preshared key) schema, then you recover the link key trivially from this initial handshake. If you don't know the PSK, you can capture the handshake and try to crack the PSK by bruteforce offline. Is my understanding correct so far?. I know that WPA2 has AES mode and can use "secure" tokens like X.509 certificates and such, and it is said to be secure against sniffing because capturing the handshake doesn't help you. So, is WPA2+AES secure (so far) against sniffing, and how it actually works?. That is, how is the (random) link key negociated?. When using X.509 certificates or a (private and personal) passphrase. Do WPA/WPA2 have other sniffer-secure modes beside WPA2+AES? How is broadcast traffic managed to be received by all the WIFI users, if each has a different link key?. Thanks in advance! :).

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• Registry remotley hacked win 7 need help tracking the perp

  - by user577229

  I was writing some .VBS code at thhe office that would allow certain file extensions to be downloaded without a warning dialog on a w7x32 system. The system I was writing this on is in a lab on a segmented subnet. All web access is via a proxy server. The only means of accessing my machine is via the internet or from within the labs MSFT AD domain. While writing and testing my code I found a message of sorts. Upon refresing the registry to verify my code changed a dword, instead the message HELLO was written and visible in regedit where the dword value wass called for. I took a screen shot and proceeded to edit my code. This same weird behavior occurred last time I was writing registry code except on another internal server. I understand that remote registry access exists for windows systems. I will block this immediately once I return to the office. What I want to know is, can I trace who made this connection? How would I do this? I suspect the cause of this is the cause of other "odd" behaviors I'm experiencing at work such as losing control of my input director master control for over an hour and unchanged code that all of a sudden fails for no logical region. These failures occur at funny times, whenver I'm about to give a demonstration of my test code. I know this sounds crazy however knowledge of the registry component makes this believable. Once the registry can be accessed, the entire system is compromised. Any help or sanity checking is appreciated.

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• How to protect an OS X Server from an unauthorized physical connection?

  - by GJ

  Hi I have an OS X 10.6 server, which I administer via SSH and VNC (via SSH tunnel). I can't leave it at the login window since then VNC connections are refused. Therefore I currently leave it logged with my user account. Since it doesn't have a monitor attached, it doesn't go into screen saver mode, which means it doesn't require a password to retake control. This means it is very easy for anyone connecting a keyboard/mouse and monitor to take control of the system. The screen saver password protection, which I can't get to activate, unlike the system's login window, is perfectly compatible with VNC connections. How could I prevent such direct access to the server without connecting a monitor and without blocking my ability to connect with VNC? Thanks!

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• PCRE limits exceeded, but triggering rules are SQL related

  - by Wolfe

  [Mon Oct 15 17:12:13 2012] [error] [client xx.xx.xx.xx] ModSecurity: Rule 1d4ad30 [id "300014"][file "/usr/local/apache/conf/modsec2.user.conf"][line "349"] - Execution error - PCRE limits exceeded (-8): (null). [hostname "domain.com"] [uri "/admin.php"] [unique_id "UHx8LEUQwYEAAGutKkUAAAEQ"] And similar are spamming my error log for apache. It's only the admin side.. and only these two lines in the config: line 349: #Generic SQL sigs SecRule ARGS "(or.+1[[:space:]]*=[[:space:]]1|(or 1=1|'.+)--')" "id:300014,rev:1,severity:2,msg:'Generic SQL injection protection'" And line 356: SecRule ARGS "(insert[[:space:]]+into.+values|select.*from.+[a-z|A-Z|0-9]|select.+from|bulk[[:space:]]+insert|union.+select|convert.+\(.*from)" Is there a way to fix this problem? Can someone explain what is going on or if these rules are even valid to cause this error? I know it's supposedly a recursion protection.. but these protect against SQL injection so I'm confused.

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• How can I lock my Mac when I walk away?

  - by schnapple

  This has got to be an easy, trivial question but as a new Mac user, how can I lock my Mac when I walk away? On Windows this is dead simple - Win+L. Or hit Ctrl-Alt-Del and select "Lock this Computer" The best thing I've found for the Mac is to rig the screensaver to require password on wake, set a hot corner to fire off the screen saver, and do that as I leave. Which feels really "Windows 3.1" to me. Is there a Win+L-style method to quickly lock my Mac when I walk away?

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• Restricting Access to Application(s) on Point of Sale system

  - by BSchlinker

  I have a customer with two point of sale systems, a few workstations and a Windows 2003 SBS Server. The point of sale systems are typically running QuickBooks Point of Sale and are logged in with a user who has restricted permissions / access (via Group Policy). Occasionally, one of the managers needs to be able to run a few additional applications -- including some accounting software. I have created an additional user for this manager, allowing them to login and access the accounting software. The problem is, it can be problematic to switch users on the system, as QuickBooks takes a few minutes to close (on POSUser) and then reopen (on ManagerUser). If customers are waiting, this slows things down drastically. Since the accounting software is stored on a network drive, it would be easiest if the manager could simply double click something, authenticate against the network drive / domain controller and then the program would launch. When they close the program, the session to the network drive would be lost and the program would no longer be accessible. Is there any easy way to do this? Both users are on a domain and the system is Windows 7. I just don't want to require the user to switch back and forth. In a worst case scenario, they forget to switch back and leave the accounting software wide open.

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• Open source system for swipe card access?

  - by Moduspwnens

  We're looking at replacing our campus-wide magnetic swipe card system with something more robust. The "programmer" side of me says there's got to be an open-source, scalable solution that already does this, but all I've been able to find are proprietary vendor-specific solutions. Ideally, it'd have the following: Based on some open standard that allows us to select from a wide selection of card readers (like IMAP or HTTP) Support different kinds of card access (magnetic strip, RFIDs, etc.) Future-proof (to the extent possible) The lack of information I'm finding leads me to believe I'm not searching for the right things... or such a solution doesn't exist. Is there not some basic, open-source solution to this (like MySQL for databases, or Moodle for an LMS, or Apache for a web server)?

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• What is the difference between /sbin/nologin and /bin/false?

  - by Michael Hampton

  I have often heard it recommended that a user account should be disabled by setting its shell to /bin/false. But, on my existing Linux systems, I see that a great number of existing accounts (all of them service accounts) have a shell of /sbin/nologin instead. I see from the man page that /sbin/nologin prints a message to the user saying the account is disabled, and then exits. Presumably /bin/false would not print anything. I also see that /sbin/nologin is listed in /etc/shells, while /bin/false is not. The man page says that FTP will disable access for users with a shell not listed in /etc/shells and implies that other programs may do the same. Does that mean that somebody could FTP in with an account that has /sbin/nologin as its shell? What is the difference here? Which one of these should I use to disable a user account, and in what circumstances? What other effects does a listing in /etc/shells have?

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• How secure is the Subversion connection to an https URL

  - by reprogrammer

  I'm using TortoiseSVN as my subversion client on Windows 7. My subversion repository has an https URL. I'm on a public network and I'd like to make sure that my connection to the server is secure. I wonder if TortoiseSVN encrypts my password when it talks to my repository.

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• SELinux adding new allowed samba type to access httpd_sys_content_t?

  - by Josh

  allow samba_share_t httpd_sys_content_t {read execute getattr setattr write}; allow smbd_t httpd_sys_content_t {read execute getattr setattr write}; I am taking a stab in the dark with resources I've looked at, at various places that the above policies are what I want. I basically want to allow Samba to write to my web docs without giving it free access to the operating system. I read a post by a NSA rep saying the best way was defining a new type and allowing both samba and httpd access. Setting the content to public content (public_content_rw_t) does not work without making use of some unrestrictive booleans. To state this in short, how do I allow samba to access a new type?

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• How to create a password-less service account in AD?

  - by Andrew White

  Is it possible to create domain accounts that can only be accessed via a domain administrator or similar access? The goal is to create domain users that have certain network access based on their task but these users are only meant for automated jobs. As such, they don't need passwords and a domain admin can always do a run-as to drop down to the correct user to run the job. No password means no chance of someone guessing it or it being written down or lost. This may belong on SuperUser ServerFault but I am going to try here first since it's on the fuzzy border to me. I am also open to constructive alternatives.

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• How do I find out if mod_security is installed on my apache server?

  - by Haluk

  How can I find out if mod_security is installed on my apache server? I would also like to learn its version. I'm having some upload issues and I tried to disable mod_security using .htaccess. But that started producing 500 internal server errors. I read somewhere that depending on my mod_security version I might not be able to disable it using .htaccess. So I would like to understand if I have mod_security installed and what version it is. I'm on a centos 5 box. Thanks! UPDATE -1 xxxxxxxxxxxxx Does the below output mean I do not have mod_security installed? [root@u11 htdocs]# httpd -l Compiled in modules: core.c prefork.c http_core.c mod_so.c

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• Windows 7 admin denied access to taskmgr, system32 dir

  - by DotNet Zebra

  I have a Windows 7 (32-bit) box with 2 users, both admins (my wife and I are both developers). My admin account was created during Windows setup, hers was created later. Both accounts are in the same groups, yet we have VERY different permissions. In the beta and RC, both accounts worked identically (RC to RTM was a fresh install on this box, not an upgrade). I have a C:\bin folder with the sysinternals utilities and a bunch of other stuff. Running anything in there or in system32 just works on my account, on hers I get access denied errors (cannot access file or path). If I right click and try Run As Administrator, I still get the same thing!!!

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• My website is infected, I restored a backup of the uninfected files, how long will it take to un-mark as dangerous?

  - by Cyclone

  My website www.sagamountain.com was recently infected by a malware distributor (or at least I think it may have been). I have removed all external content, google ads, firefly chat, etc. I uploaded a backup from a few weeks ago, when there was no issue. I patched the SQL injection hole. Now, how long will it take to unmark it as dangerous? Where can I contact google? I am not sure if this is the right place to post it, but since it may have been a server issue I may as well. Can sites inject base64 code via a virus on the whole server, or is it only via sql injection? Thanks for the help, viruses freak me out. Is there an online virus scanner that can scan my page and tell me what is wrong?

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• Isolate user from the rest of the system..?

  - by Shiki

  There is a non-techsavvy user, who doesn't want to learn, and can only use Windows XP or 7. The problem is, that the computer is shared which she would like to use, and the computer stores sensitive, important data. Since she clicks on everything, it's quite a russian roulette. How could I isolate her account from the rest of the system? Like having a profile on the computer (it runs Windows 7 now) which would have the files and other stuff sandboxed? I was thinking of having a dual boot system, but that could compromise the files too, or the boot sector (talking about Windows). Linux is not a way, hence ... see the first line. Is there such a software that can set up a sandboxed environment?

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• Sensitive data in init scripts

  - by Steve Jorgensen

  I'm adapting some examples I've found by Googling to build an init script to run a VirtualBox OSE virtual machine as a daemon. I would like to specify a password for VNC access to the VM, and this must be given as an argument to the VBoxHeadless command. Conventionally, init scripts are readable by standard users, and this seems like a useful convention, but I also don't want the VNC password for this VM to be stored in easily accessible plain text. What's the most appropriate/conventional way to handle this kind of situation? Maybe put a root-readable supporting data file someplace, and have the init script load the value from there?

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• Is there an apache module to slow down site scans?

  - by florin

  I am administering a few web servers. Each night, random hosts from the Internet are probing them for various vulnerabilities in php, phpadmin, horde, mysqladmin, etc. Is there a way (apache plugin?) to slow down the rate of attack? For SSH, I have a rate limiting rule on the firewall, which does not allow more than three connections per minute. But I don't want to rate limit all HTTP access, only the access that returns 404s. Is there such an apache module?

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• hard drive forensics tool for linux

  - by Jack

  I am looking for an application I used in 2001. It was a curses application that displayed devices or files in hexadecimal format, and allowed searching through them and other functionality. I can't find anything remotely like this, does anyone have an idea?

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• What permissions / ownership to set on PHP Sessions Folder when running FastCGI / PHP-FPM (as user "nobody")?

  - by Professor Frink

  I'm having trouble getting a number of scripts running because PHP-FPM can't write to my session folder: "2009/10/01 23:54:07 [error] 17830#0: *24 FastCGI sent in stderr: "PHP Warning: Unknown: open(/var/lib/php/session/sess_cskfq4godj4ka2a637i5lq41o5, O_RDWR) failed: Permission denied (13) in Unknown on line 0 PHP Warning: Unknown: Failed to write session data (files). Please verify that the current setting of session.save_path is correct (/var/lib/php/session) in Unknown on line 0" while reading upstream" Obviously this is a permission issue; my session folder's owner/group is the webserver's user, NGINX. PHP-FPM runs as nobody though, and hence adding it to the nginx group is not so trivial. A temporary solution is to set the permissions of /var/lib/php/session to 777 - I have a feeling that's not the "best practice" though. What is the best practice when you need to assign a daemon write access to a folder, but it is running as nobody ?

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• Start multiple instances of Firefox

  - by Vi

  How can I have multiple independent instances of Mozilla Firefox 3.5 on the same X server, but started from different user accounts (consequently, different profiles)? Limited success was only with Xephyr :1, DISPLAY=:1 /usr/local/bin/firefox, but Xephyr has no Cygwin/X's "rootless" mode so it's not comfortable (see other question). The idea is to have one Firefox instance for various "Serious Business" things and the other for regular browsing with dozens of add-ons securely isolated.

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• Windows Server 2003 W3SVC Failing, Brute Force attack possibly the cause

  - by Roaders

  This week my website has disappeared twice for no apparent reason. I logged onto my server (Windows Server 2003 Service Pack 2) and restarted the World Web Publishing service, website still down. I tried restarting a few other services like DNS and Cold Fusion and the website was still down. In the end I restarted the server and the website reappeared. Last night the website went down again. This time I logged on and looked at the event log. SCARY STUFF! There were hundreds of these: Event Type: Information Event Source: TermService Event Category: None Event ID: 1012 Date: 30/01/2012 Time: 15:25:12 User: N/A Computer: SERVER51338 Description: Remote session from client name a exceeded the maximum allowed failed logon attempts. The session was forcibly terminated. At a frequency of around 3 -5 a minute. At about the time my website died there was one of these: Event Type: Information Event Source: W3SVC Event Category: None Event ID: 1074 Date: 30/01/2012 Time: 19:36:14 User: N/A Computer: SERVER51338 Description: A worker process with process id of '6308' serving application pool 'DefaultAppPool' has requested a recycle because the worker process reached its allowed processing time limit. Which is obviously what killed the web service. There were then a few of these: Event Type: Error Event Source: TermDD Event Category: None Event ID: 50 Date: 30/01/2012 Time: 20:32:51 User: N/A Computer: SERVER51338 Description: The RDP protocol component "DATA ENCRYPTION" detected an error in the protocol stream and has disconnected the client. Data: 0000: 00 00 04 00 02 00 52 00 ......R. 0008: 00 00 00 00 32 00 0a c0 ....2..À 0010: 00 00 00 00 32 00 0a c0 ....2..À 0018: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ........ 0020: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ........ 0028: 92 01 00 00 ... With no more of the first error type. I am concerned that someone is trying to brute force their way into my server. I have disabled all the accounts apart from the IIS ones and Administrator (which I have renamed). I have also changed the password to an even more secure one. I don't know why this brute force attack caused the webservice to stop and I don't know why restarting the service didn't fix the problem. What should I do to make sure my server is secure and what should I do to make sure the webserver doesn't go down any more? Thanks.

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• Where are the ssh logs kept on the iphone?

  - by officespace

  I have a jailbroken iphone with openssh. Where are the ssh logs kept on the iphone?

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• How do I disable administrator prompt in Windows 8?

  - by Arnold Zokas

  I am using Windows 8 Enterprise on my development machine. Most of the time, I need full administrator for debugging, changing system files, etc. In Windows 7, setting UAC to "never notify" would disable any administrator prompts. In Windows 8 this is no longer the case. Even with UAC disabled I get prompted to grant programs elevated privileges. Is there a way disable this behaviour? Note: I am fully aware of the repercussions. I have antivirus, firewall, etc and am generally quite careful about what I download or install on my machine.

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• A non interactive alternative to makecert.

  - by mark

  Dear ladies and sirs. I have a need to create a self signed certificate non interactively. Unfortunately, the only tool that I know of (makecert) is interactive - it uses GUI to ask for a password. My OS is Windows (from XP to 2008). The only thing close that I managed to find is http://www.codeproject.com/Tips/125982/How-to-run-Makecert-without-password-window.aspx, however, it is still not good. Any ideas?

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• Do proxies really provide anonymity?

  - by Somebody still uses you MS-DOS

  Do web proxies really provide anonymity? I mean, without someone asking for logs in a web proxy server for who/when connected, is it impossible to know who was behind that IP address? I'm asking this because I heard somewhere that some technologies (like "flash") bypass personal IP information for requests or something like that. (I'm a noob in server configuration and concepts like DNS and proxies. Thanks!)

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