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• How much is modern programming still tied to underyling digital logic?

  - by New Talk

  First of all: I've got no academic background. I'm working primarily with Java and Spring and I'm also fond of web programming and relational databases. I hope I'm using the right terms and I hope that this vague question makes some sense. Today the following question came to my mind: How much is modern programming still tied to the underlying digital logic? With modern programming I mean concepts like OOP, AOP, Java 7, AJAX, … I hope you get the idea. Do they no longer need the digital logic with which computers are working internally? Or is binary logic still ubiquitous when programming this way? If I'd change the inner workings of a computer overnight, would it matter, because my programming techniques are already that abstract? P. S.: With digital logic I mean the physical representation of everything "inside" the computer as zeroes and ones. Changed "binary" to "digital".

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• Designing binary operations(AND, OR, NOT) in graphs DB's like neo4j

  - by Nicholas

  I'm trying to create a recipe website using a graph database, specifically neo4j using spring-data-neo4j, to try and see what can be done in Graph Databases. My model so far is: (Chef)-[HAS_INGREDIENT]->(Ingredient) (Chef)-[HAS_VALUE]->(Value) (Ingredient)-[HAS_INGREDIENT_VALUE]->(Value) (Recipe)-[REQUIRES_INGREDIENT]->(Ingredient) (Recipe)-[REQUIRES_VALUE]->(Value) I have this set up so I can do things like have the "chef" enter ingredients they have on hand, and suggest recipes, as well as suggest recipes that are close matches, but missing one ingredient. Some recipes can get complex, utilizing AND, OR, and NOT type logic, something like (Milk AND (Butter OR spread OR (vegetable oil OR olive oil))) and I'm wondering if it would be sane to model this in a graph using a tree type representation? An example of what I was thinking is to create three "node" types of AND, OR, and NOT and have each of them connect to the nodes value underneath. How else might this be represented in a Graph Database or is my example above a decent representation?

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• Any language where every class instance is a class too?

  - by Dokkat

  Taking inspiration from Javascript prototypes, I had the idea of a language where every instance can be used as a class. Before I potentially reinvent the wheel, I would like to ask if there is a language already using this concept: //To declare a Class, extend the base class (in this case, Type) Type(Weapon,{price:0}); //Same syntax to inherit; simply extend the parent: Weapon(Sword,{price:3}); Weapon(Axe,{price:4}); Sword(Katana,{price:7}); Sword(Dagger,{price:3}); //And the same to create an instance: Katana(myKatana,{nickname:"Leon"}); myKatana.price; // 7 myKatana.nickname; // Leon // An operator to return children of a class; Sword_; // [Katana, Dagger] // An operator to return array of descendants; Sword__; // [Katana, Dagger, myKatana] // An operator to return array of parents; Sword^; // Weapon // Arrays can be used as elements Sword__.price += 1; //increases price of Sword's descendants by 1 mySword.price; //8 // And to access specific element (using its name instead of index) var name = "mySword" Katana_[name]; // [mySword] Katana_[name].nickname; // Leon Has this kind of approach been already studied/implemented?

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• What should be allowed inside getters and setters?

  - by Botond Balázs

  I got into an interesting internet argument about getter and setter methods and encapsulation. Someone said that all they should do is an assignment (setters) or a variable access (getters) to keep them "pure" and ensure encapsulation. Am I right that this would completely defeat the purpose of having getters and setters in the first place and validation and other logic (without strange side-effects of course) should be allowed? When should validation happen? When setting the value, inside the setter (to protect the object from ever entering an invalid state - my opinion) Before setting the value, outside the setter Inside the object, before each time the value is used Is a setter allowed to change the value (maybe convert a valid value to some canonical internal representation)?

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• How to publishing access DB to https SharePoint2010 site with self-signed certificate

  - by ybbest

  If you are having troubles (shown below) when you publish your access database to https SharePoint2010 site with self-signed certificate. Problem: First you are getting a warning see the screenshot below: And then getting the error message: Solution: The error “The name of the security certificate is invalid or does not match the name of the site” comes when the ‘common name’ in the certificate doesn’t match the address you provided in browser to access the site. To fix the problem , you need to use script to generate the certificate rather than using the IIS UI, this is because it will default the common name to the server name and you will have the above problem when using that certificate to a different host-name web application. You can use SelfSSl.exe (IIS 6.0 only), you have to specify common name(cn), for example as: selfssl.exe /T /N:cn=testsharepoint.com /K:1024 /V:7 /S:1 /P:443 OR you can use makecert (IIS7.0 and above) makecert -r -pe -n 'CN=my.domain.here' -b 01/01/2000 -e 01/01/2036 -eku 1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.1 -ss my -sr localMachine -sky exchange -sp "Microsoft RSA SChannel Cryptographic Provider" -sy 12 After you have created the certificate, you then need to add that self-signed certificate to your IIS web site and to the Trusted Root Certification Authorities. (To get to there, Key-in Windows + R and Type mmc.exe and add the certifications console) I have compiled the solution from the questions I have asked in sharepointstackexchange

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• what's the point of method overloading?

  - by David

  I am following a textbook in which I have just come across method overloading. It briefly described method overloading as: when the same method name is used with different parameters its called method overloading. From what I've learned so far in OOP is that if I want different behaviors from an object via methods, I should use different method names that best indicate the behavior, so why should I bother with method overloading in the first place?

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• Which paradigm to use for writing chess engine?

  - by poke

  If you were going to write a chess game engine, what programming paradigm would you use (OOP, procedural, etc) and why whould you choose it ? By chess engine, I mean the portion of a program that evaluates the current board and decides the computer's next move. I'm asking because I thought it might be fun to write a chess engine. Then it occured to me that I could use it as a project for learning functional programming. Then it occured to me that some problems aren't well suited to the functional paradigm. Then it occured to me that this might be good discussion fodder.

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• Should main method be only consists of object creations and method calls?

  - by crucified soul

  A friend of mine told me that, the best practice is class containing main method should be named Main and only contains main method. Also main method should only parse inputs, create other objects and call other methods. The Main class and main method shouldn't do anything else. Basically what he is saying that class containing main method should be like: public class Main { public static void main(String[] args) { //parse inputs //create other objects //call methods } } Is it the best practice?

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• Is there any reason to use "container" classes?

  - by Michael

  I realize the term "container" is misleading in this context - if anyone can think of a better term please edit it in. In legacy code I occasionally see classes that are nothing but wrappers for data. something like: class Bottle { int height; int diameter; Cap capType; getters/setters, maybe a constructor } My understanding of OO is that classes are structures for data and the methods of operating on that data. This seems to preclude objects of this type. To me they are nothing more than structs and kind of defeat the purpose of OO. I don't think it's necessarily evil, though it may be a code smell. Is there a case where such objects would be necessary? If this is used often, does it make the design suspect?

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• Explanation on how "Tell, Don't Ask" is considered good OO

  - by Pubby

  This blogpost was posted on Hacker News with several upvotes. Coming from C++, most of these examples seem to go against what I've been taught. Such as example #2: Bad: def check_for_overheating(system_monitor) if system_monitor.temperature > 100 system_monitor.sound_alarms end end versus good: system_monitor.check_for_overheating class SystemMonitor def check_for_overheating if temperature > 100 sound_alarms end end end The advice in C++ is that you should prefer free functions instead of member functions as they increase encapsulation. Both of these are identical semantically, so why prefer the choice that has access to more state? Example 4: Bad: def street_name(user) if user.address user.address.street_name else 'No street name on file' end end versus good: def street_name(user) user.address.street_name end class User def address @address || NullAddress.new end end class NullAddress def street_name 'No street name on file' end end Why is it the responsibility of User to format an unrelated error string? What if I want to do something besides print 'No street name on file' if it has no street? What if the street is named the same thing? Could someone enlighten me on the "Tell, Don't Ask" advantages and rationale? I am not looking for which is better, but instead trying to understand the author's viewpoint.

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• How to refactor an OO program into a functional one?

  - by Asik

  I'm having difficulty finding resources on how to write programs in a functional style. The most advanced topic I could find discussed online was using structural typing to cut down on class hierarchies; most just deal with how to use map/fold/reduce/etc to replace imperative loops. What I would really like to find is an in-depth discussion of an OOP implementation of a non-trivial program, its limitations, and how to refactor it in a functional style. Not just an algorithm or a data structure, but something with several different roles and aspects - a video game perhaps. By the way I did read Real-World Functional Programming by Tomas Petricek, but I'm left wanting more.

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• Good Software Architecture book or material?

  - by Inder Kumar Rathore

  I am a programmer and there is always a word going around about the architecture of the application/software. I want to gain some knowledge about how to develop good architecture. I know it is something that comes with the experience but I need some start so that I can practice it and get some good experience. So Please refer a good book for architecture. I know "Head first design patterns" is there, should I go for it or is there some good books also. Thanks

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• Question about SDLC. How to answer this?

  - by pirzada

  I have seen this asked many times in job interviews but I am still not sure how to answer this. I am a web developer for quite some time but I still have problem with explaining OOP and SDLC (Familiar with system development life cycle) . How to prepare for above 2 topics for an interview point of view. Still I use both all the time during development. I am not clear on OOP SDLC Is there any simplest answer to both of these? Thanks

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• How to explain OOP to a matlab programmer?

  - by Oak

  I have a lot of friends who come from electrical / physical / mechanical engineering background, and are curious about what is "OOP" all about. They all know Matlab quite well, so they do have basic programming background; but they have a very hard time grasping a complex type system which can benefit from the concepts OOP introduces. Can anyone propose a way I can try to explain it to them? I'm just not familiar with Matlab myself, so I'm having troubles finding parallels. I think using simple examples like shapes or animals is a bit too abstract for those engineers. So far I've tried using a Matrix interface vs array-based / sparse / whatever implementations, but that didn't work so well, probably because different matrix types are already well-supported in Matlab.

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• Why should ViewModel route actions to Controller when using the MVCVM pattern?

  - by Lea Hayes

  When reading examples across the Internet (including the MSDN reference) I have found that code examples are all doing the following type of thing: public class FooViewModel : BaseViewModel { public FooViewModel(FooController controller) { Controller = controller; } protected FooController Controller { get; private set; } public void PerformSuperAction() { // This just routes action to controller... Controller.SuperAction(); } ... } and then for the view: public class FooView : BaseView { ... private void OnSuperButtonClicked() { ViewModel.PerformSuperAction(); } } Why do we not just do the following? public class FooView : BaseView { ... private void OnSuperButtonClicked() { ViewModel.Controller.SuperAction(); // or, even just use a shortcut property: Controller.SuperAction(); } }

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• Should library classes be wrapped before using them in unit testing?

  - by Songo

  I'm doing unit testing and in one of my classes I need to send a mail from one of the methods, so using constructor injection I inject an instance of Zend_Mail class which is in Zend framework. Example: class Logger{ private $mailer; function __construct(Zend_Mail $mail){ $this->mail=$mail; } function toBeTestedFunction(){ //Some code $this->mail->setTo('some value'); $this->mail->setSubject('some value'); $this->mail->setBody('some value'); $this->mail->send(); //Some } } However, Unit testing demands that I test one component at a time, so I need to mock the Zend_Mail class. In addition I'm violating the Dependency Inversion principle as my Logger class now depends on concretion not abstraction. Does that mean that I can never use a library class directly and must always wrap it in a class of my own? Example: interface Mailer{ public function setTo($to); public function setSubject($subject); public function setBody($body); public function send(); } class MyMailer implements Mailer{ private $mailer; function __construct(){ $this->mail=new Zend_Mail; //The class isn't injected this time } function setTo($to){ $this->mailer->setTo($to); } //implement the rest of the interface functions similarly } And now my Logger class can be happy :D class Logger{ private $mailer; function __construct(Mailer $mail){ $this->mail=$mail; } //rest of the code unchanged } Questions: Although I solved the mocking problem by introducing an interface, I have created a totally new class Mailer that now needs to be unit tested although it only wraps Zend_Mail which is already unit tested by the Zend team. Is there a better approach to all this? Zend_Mail's send() function could actually have a Zend_Transport object when called (i.e. public function send($transport = null)). Does this make the idea of a wrapper class more appealing? The code is in PHP, but answers doesn't have to be. This is more of a design issue than a language specific feature

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• How did you get good practices for your OOP designs?

  - by Darf Zon

  I realized I have a difficulty creating OOP designs. I spent many time deciding if this property is correctly set it to X class. For example, this is a post which has a few days: http://codereview.stackexchange.com/questions/8041/how-to-improve-my-factory-design I'm not convinced of my code. So I want to improve my designs, take less time creating it. How did you learn creating good designs? Some books that you can recommend me?

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• Something similar to Objective-C categories in other languages?

  - by adig

  I understand Objective-C categories and how they become useful, but I always have a hard time explaining the concept to other programmers that are not familiar with Objective C. Maybe I'm just bad at explaining things, but I was thinking at another way to explain it by comparing to similar features offered by other (more popular) languages. (ex : I can explain the similarities between Objective C protocols and Java Interfaces) Any examples similar to Categories ?

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• Does command/query separation apply to a method that creates an object and returns its ID?

  - by Gilles

  Let's pretend we have a service that calls a business process. This process will call on the data layer to create an object of type A in the database. Afterwards we need to call again on another class of the data layer to create an instance of type B in the database. We need to pass some information about A for a foreign key. In the first method we create an object (modify state) and return it's ID (query) in a single method. In the second method we have two methods, one (createA) for the save and the other (getId) for the query. public void FirstMethod(Info info) { var id = firstRepository.createA(info); secondRepository.createB(id); } public void SecondMethod(Info info) { firstRepository.createA(info); var key = firstRepository.getID(info); secondRepository.createB(key); } From my understanding the second method follows command query separation more fully. But I find it wasteful and counter-intuitive to query the database to get the object we have just created. How do you reconcile CQS with such a scenario? Does only the second method follow CQS and if so is it preferable to use it in this case?

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• software architecture (OO design) refresher course

  - by PeterT

  I am lead developer and team lead in a small RAD team. Deadlines are tight and we have to release often, which we do, and this is what keep the business happy. While we (the development team) are trying to maintain the quality of the code (clean and short methods), I can't help but notice that the overall quality of the OO design&architecture is getting worse over the time - the library we are working on is gradually reducing itself to a "bag of functions". Well, we try to use the design patterns, but since we don't really have much time for a design as such we are mostly using the creational ones. I have read Code Complete / Design Patterns (GOF & enterprise) / Progmatic Programmer / and many books from Effective XXX series. Should I re-read them again as I have read them a long time ago and forgotten quite a lot, or there are other / better OO design / software architeture books been published since then which I should definitely read? Any ideas, recommendations on how can I get the situation under control and start improving the architecture. The way I see it - I will start improving the architectural / design quality of software components I am working on and then will start helping other team members once I find what is working for me.

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• Formal definition for term "pure OO language"?

  - by Yauhen Yakimovich

  I can't think of a better place among SO siblings to pose such a question. Originally I wanted to ask "Is python a pure OO language?" but considering troubles and some sort of discomfort people experience while trying to define the term I decided to start with obtaining a clear definition for the term itself. It would be rather fair to start with correspondence by Dr. Alan Kay, who has coined the term (note the inspiration in biological analogy to cells or other living objects). There are following ways to approach the task: Give a comparative analysis by listing programming languages that exhibits certain properties unique and sufficient to define the term (although Smalltalk and Java are passing examples but IMO this way seems neither really complete or nor fruitful) Give a formal definition (or close to it, e.g. in more academic or mathematical style). Give a philosophical definition that would totally rely on semantical context of concrete language or a priori programming experience (there must be some chance of successful explanation by the community). My current version: "If a certain programing (formal) language that can (grammatically) differentiate between operations and operands as well as infer about the type of each operand whether this type is an object (in sense of OOP) or not then we call such a language an OO-language as long as there is at least one type in this language which is an object. Finally, if all types of the language are also objects we define such language to be pure OO-language." Would appreciate any possible improvement of it. As you can see I just made the definition dependent on the term "object" (often fully referenced as class of objects).

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• Questioning the motivation for dependency injection: Why is creating an object graph hard?

  - by oberlies

  Dependency injection frameworks like Google Guice give the following motivation for their usage (source): To construct an object, you first build its dependencies. But to build each dependency, you need its dependencies, and so on. So when you build an object, you really need to build an object graph. Building object graphs by hand is labour intensive (...) and makes testing difficult. But I don't buy this argument: Even without dependency injection, I can write classes which are both easy to instantiate and convenient to test. E.g. the example from the Guice motivation page could be rewritten in the following way: class BillingService { private final CreditCardProcessor processor; private final TransactionLog transactionLog; // constructor for tests, taking all collaborators as parameters BillingService(CreditCardProcessor processor, TransactionLog transactionLog) { this.processor = processor; this.transactionLog = transactionLog; } // constructor for production, calling the (productive) constructors of the collaborators public BillingService() { this(new PaypalCreditCardProcessor(), new DatabaseTransactionLog()); } public Receipt chargeOrder(PizzaOrder order, CreditCard creditCard) { ... } } So dependency injection may really be an advantage in advanced use cases, but I don't need it for easy construction and testability, do I?

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• DDD and filtering

  - by tikhop

  I am developing an app in ddd maner. So I have a complex domain model. Suppose I have a Fare object and Airline. Each Airline should contain several or much more Fares. My UI should represent Model (only small part of complex model) as a list of Airline, when the user select the Airline, I must show the list of Fares. User can filtering the Fares (by travel time, cost, etc.). What is the appropriate place for filtering Fares and Airlines? I am assuming that I should do it in ViewModel. Like: My domain model has wrapped with Service Layer - UI works with ViewModel - ViewModel obtain data from Service Layer filtering it and create DTO objects for UI. Or I'm wrong?

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• OBIA on Teradata - Part 2 Teradata DB Utilization for ETL

  - by Mohan Ramanuja

  Techniques to Monitor Queries and ETL Load CPU and Disk I/OSelect username, processor, sum(cputime), sum(diskio) from dbc.ampusage where processor ='1-0' order by 2,3 descgroup by 1,2;UserName    Vproc    Sum(CpuTime)    Sum(DiskIO)AC00916        10    6.71            24975 List Hardware ErrorsThere is a possibility that the system might have adequate disk space but out of free cylinders. In order to monitor hardware errors, the following query was used:Select * from dbc.Software_Event_Log where Text like '%restart%' order by thedate, thetime;For active users, usage of CPU and analysis of bad CPU to I/O ratiosSelect * from DBC.AMPUSAGE where username='CRMSTGC_DEV_ID';  AND SUBSTR(ACCOUNTNAME,6,3)='006'; Usage By I/OSelect AccountName, UserName, sum(CpuTime), sum(DiskIO)  from DBC.AMPUSAGE group by AccountName, UserName Order by Sum(DiskIO) desc; AccountName                       UserName                          Sum(CpuTime)  Sum(DiskIO)$M1$10062209                      AB89487                           374628.612    7821847$M1$10062210                      AB89487                           186692.244    2799412$M1$10062213                      COC_ETL_ID                        119531.068    331100426$M1$10062200                      AB63472                           118973.316    109881984$M1$10062204                      AB63472                           110825.356    94666986$M1$10062201                      AB63472                           110797.976    75016994$M1$10062202                      AC06936                           100924.448    407839702$M1$10062204                      AB67963                           0         4$M1$10062207                      AB91990                           0         2$M1$10062208                      AB63461                           0         24$M1$10062211                      AB84332                           0         6$M1$10062214                      AB65484                           0         8$M1$10062205                      AB77529                           0         58$M1$10062210                      AC04768                           0         36$M1$10062206                      AB54940                           0         22 Usage By CPUSelect AccountName, UserName, sum(CpuTime), sum(DiskIO)  from DBC.AMPUSAGE group by AccountName, UserName Order by Sum(CpuTime) desc;AccountName                       UserName                          Sum(CpuTime)  Sum(DiskIO)$M1$10062209                      AB89487                           374628.612    7821847$M1$10062210                      AB89487                           186692.244    2799412$M1$10062213                      COC_ETL_ID                        119531.068    331100426$M1$10062200                      AB63472                           118973.316    109881984$M1$10062204                      AB63472                           110825.356    94666986$M1$10062201                      AB63472                           110797.976    75016994$M2$100622105813004760047LOAD     T23_ETLPROC_ENT                   0 6$M1$10062215                      AA37720                           0     180$M1$10062209                      AB81670                           0     6Select count(distinct vproc) from dbc.ampusage;432select * from dbc.dbcinfo;AccountName     UserName     CpuTime DiskIO  CpuTimeNorm         Vproc VprocType    Model$M1$10062205                      CRM_STGC_DEV_ID                   0.32    1764    12.7423999023438    0     AMP      2580$M1$10062205                      CRM_STGC_DEV_ID                   0.28    1730    11.1495999145508    3     AMP      2580$M1$10062205                      CRM_STGC_DEV_ID                   0.304    1736    12.1052799072266    4    AMP      2580$M1$10062205                      CRM_STGC_DEV_ID                   0.248    1731    9.87535992431641    7    AMP      2580$M1$10062205                      CRM_STGC_DEV_ID                   0.332    1731    13.2202398986816    8    AMP      2580$M1$10062205                      CRM_STGC_DEV_ID                   0.284    1712    11.3088799133301    11   AMP      2580$M1$10062205                      CRM_STGC_DEV_ID                   0.24    1757    9.55679992675781    12    AMP      2580$M1$10062205                      CRM_STGC_DEV_ID                   0.292    1737    11.6274399108887    15   AMP      2580$M1$10062205                      CRM_STGC_DEV_ID                   0.268    1753    10.6717599182129    16   AMP      2580$M1$10062205                      CRM_STGC_DEV_ID                   0.276    1732    10.9903199157715    19   AMP      2580select * from dbc.dbcinfo;InfoKey    InfoDataLANGUAGE   SUPPORT           MODE    StandardRELEASE    12.00.03.03VERSION    12.00.03.01a

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• what is message passing in OO?

  - by Tom

  I've been studying OO programming, primarily in C++, C# and Java. I thought I had a good grasp on it with my understanding of encapsulation, inheritance and polymorphism (as well as reading a lot of questions on this site). One thing that seems to popup up here and there is the concept of "message passing". Apparently, this is something that is not used whilst OO programming in today's mainstream languages, but is supported by Smalltalk. My questions are: What is message passing? (Can someone give a practical example?) Is there any support for this "message passing" in C++, C# or Java?

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