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  • best way to compute vertex normals from a Triangle's list

    - by nkint
    hi i'm a complete newbie in computergraphics so sorry if it's a stupid answer. i'm trying to make a simple 3d engine from scratch, more for educational purpose than for real use. i have a Surface object with inside a Triangle's list. For now i compute normals inside Triangle class, in this way: triangle.computeFaceNormals() { Vec3D u = v1.sub(v3) Vec3D v = v1.sub(v2) Vec3D normal = Vec3D.cross(u,v) normal.normalized() this.n1 = this.n2 = this.n3 = normal } and when building surface: t = new Triangle(v1,v2,v3).computeFaceNormals() surface.addTriangle(t) and i think this is the best way to do that.. isn't it? now.. what about for vertex normals? i've found this simple algorithm: flipcode vertex normal but.. hei this algorithm has.. exponential complexity? (if my memory doesn't fail my computer science background..) (bytheway.. it has 3 nested loops.. i don't think it's the best way to do it..) any suggestion?

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  • UnrealScript error: Importing defaults for actor: Changing Role in defaultproperties illegal, - what is it importing?

    - by user3079666
    I added the line var float Mass; to Actor and commented it out of the classes that inherit from actor and declare it, fixed all issues but I now get the error message: Error, Importing defaults for Actor: Changing Role in defaultproperties is illegal (was RemoteRole intended?) The thing is, I did not change anything related to Role or in defaultproperties. Also since it says Importing, I'm guessing it's some ini file.. any clues?

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  • Compute directional light frustum from view furstum points and light direction

    - by Fabian
    I'm working on a friends engine project and my task is to construct a new frustum from the light direction that overlaps the view frustum and possible shadow casters. The project already has a function that creates a frustum for this but its way to big and includes way to many casters (shadows) which can't be seen in the view frustum. Now the only parameter of this function are the normalized light direction vector and a view class which lets me extract the 8 view frustum points in world space. I don't have any additional infos about the scene. I have read some of the related Questions here but non seem to fit very well to my problem as they often just point to cascaded shadow maps. Sadly i can't use DX or openGl functions directly because this engine has a dedicated math library. From what i've read so far the steps are: Transform view frustum points into light space and find min/max x and y values (or sometimes minima and maxima of all three axis) and create a AABB using the min/max vectors. But what comes after this step? How do i transform this new AABB back to world space? What i've done so far: CVector3 Points[8], MinLight = CVector3(FLT_MAX), MaxLight = CVector3(FLT_MAX); for(int i = 0; i<8;++i){ Points[i] = Points[i] * WorldToShadowMapMatrix; MinLight = Math::Min(Points[i],MinLight); MaxLight = Math::Max(Points[i],MaxLight); } AABox box(MinLight,MaxLight); I don't think this is the right way to do it. The near plain probably has to extend into the direction of the light source to include potentional shadow casters. I've read the Microsoft article about cascaded shadow maps http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ee416307%28v=vs.85%29.aspx which also includes some sample code. But they seem to use the scenes AABB to determine the near and far plane which I can't since i cant access this information from the funtion I'm working in. Could you guys please link some example code which shows the calculation of such frustum? Thanks in advance! Additional questio: is there a way to construct a WorldToFrustum matrix that represents the above transformation?

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  • Algorithm to generate multifaced cube?

    - by OnePie
    Are there any elegant soloution to generate a simple-six sided cube, where each cube is made out of more than one face? The method I have used ended up a horrible and complicated mess of logic that is imopssible to follow and most likely to maintain. The algorithm should not generate reduntant vertices, and should output the indice list for the mesh as well. The reason I need this is that the cubes vertices will be deformed depending on various factors, meaning that a simple six-faced cube will nto do.

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  • Camera changes view when controller connected

    - by ChocoMan
    I have a weird situation. I have a model set to 0 for X,Y and Z. My camera's position is set to: 0 (X-value, but updates when the model moves around) the model's height + 20f (about the same level as the model's shoulders) 25f (behind the model) Without the controller plugged in, everything looks fine as I want it. But as soon as I plug the controller in, the camera aims to the sky! But when I unplug the controller, the camera is back to what it should be. Does anyone have any insight as to what may cause this from plugging a controller in?

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  • How can I implement collision detection for these tiles?

    - by Fiona
    I am wondering how this would be possible, if at all. In the image below: http://i.stack.imgur.com/d8cO3.png The light brows tiles are ground, while the dark brown is background, so the player can pass over those tiles. Here's the for loops that draws the level: float scale = 1f; for (row = 0; row < currentLevel.Rows; row++) { for (column = 0; column < currentLevel.Columns; column++) { Tile tile = (Tile)currentLevel.GetTile(row, column); if (tile == null) { continue; } Texture2D texture = tile.Texture; spriteBatch.Draw(texture, new Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Rectangle( (int)(column * currentLevel.CellSize.X * scale), (int)(row * currentLevel.CellSize.Y * scale), (int)(currentLevel.CellSize.X * scale), (int)(currentLevel.CellSize.Y * scale)), Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Color.White); } } Here's what I have so far to determine where to create a Rectangle: Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Rectangle[,,,] groundBounds = new Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Rectangle[?, ?, ?, ?]; int tileSize = 20; int screenSizeInTiles = 30; var tilePositions = new System.Drawing.Point[screenSizeInTiles, screenSizeInTiles]; for (int x = 0; x < screenSizeInTiles; x++) { for (int y = 0; y < screenSizeInTiles; y++) { tilePositions[x, y] = new System.Drawing.Point(x * tileSize, y * tileSize); groundBounds[x, y, tileSize, tileSize] = new Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Rectangle(x, y, 20, 20); } } First off, I'm not sure how to initialize the array groundBounds (I don't know how big to make it). Also, I'm not entirely sure how to go about adding information to groundBounds. I want to add a Rectangle for each tile in the level. Preferably I'd only make a Rectangle for those tiles accessible by the player, and not background tiles, but that's for a different day. FYI, the map was made with a freeware program called Realm Factory.

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  • Combine Two Shader Program

    - by Siddharth
    For my android application, I want to apply brightness and contrast shader on same image. At present I am using gpuimage plugin. In that I found two separate program for brightness and contrast as per the following. Contrast shader: varying highp vec2 textureCoordinate; uniform sampler2D inputImageTexture; uniform lowp float contrast; void main() { lowp vec4 textureColor = texture2D(inputImageTexture, textureCoordinate); gl_FragColor = vec4(((textureColor.rgb - vec3(0.5)) * contrast + vec3(0.5)), textureColor.w); } Brightness shader: varying highp vec2 textureCoordinate; uniform sampler2D inputImageTexture; uniform lowp float brightness; void main() { lowp vec4 textureColor = texture2D(inputImageTexture, textureCoordinate); gl_FragColor = vec4((textureColor.rgb + vec3(brightness)), textureColor.w); } Now applying both of the effects I write following code varying highp vec2 textureCoordinate; uniform sampler2D inputImageTexture; varying highp vec2 textureCoordinate2; uniform sampler2D inputImageTexture2; uniform lowp float contrast; uniform lowp float brightness; void main() { lowp vec4 textureColorForContrast = texture2D(inputImageTexture, textureCoordinate); lowp vec4 contastVec4 = vec4(((textureColorForContrast.rgb - vec3(0.5)) * contrast + vec3(0.5)), textureColorForContrast.w); lowp vec4 textureColorForBrightness = texture2D(inputImageTexture2, textureCoordinate2); lowp vec4 brightnessVec4 = vec4((textureColorForBrightness.rgb + vec3(brightness)), textureColorForBrightness.w); gl_FragColor = contastVec4 + brightnessVec4; } Doesn't able to get desire result. I can't able to figure out what I have to do next? So please friends help me in this. What program I have to write?

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  • Any reliable polygon normal calculation code?

    - by Jenko
    Do you have any reliable face normal calculation code? I'm using this but it fails when faces are 90 degrees upright or similar. // the normal point var x:Number = 0; var y:Number = 0; var z:Number = 0; // if is a triangle with 3 points if (points.length == 3) { // read vertices of triangle var Ax:Number, Bx:Number, Cx:Number; var Ay:Number, By:Number, Cy:Number; var Az:Number, Bz:Number, Cz:Number; Ax = points[0].x; Bx = points[1].x; Cx = points[2].x; Ay = points[0].y; By = points[1].y; Cy = points[2].y; Az = points[0].z; Bz = points[1].z; Cz = points[2].z; // calculate normal of a triangle x = (By - Ay) * (Cz - Az) - (Bz - Az) * (Cy - Ay); y = (Bz - Az) * (Cx - Ax) - (Bx - Ax) * (Cz - Az); z = (Bx - Ax) * (Cy - Ay) - (By - Ay) * (Cx - Ax); // if is a polygon with 4+ points }else if (points.length > 3){ // calculate normal of a polygon using all points var n:int = points.length; x = 0; y = 0; z = 0 // ensure all points above 0 var minx:Number = 0, miny:Number = 0, minz:Number = 0; for (var p:int = 0, pl:int = points.length; p < pl; p++) { var po:_Point3D = points[p] = points[p].clone(); if (po.x < minx) { minx = po.x; } if (po.y < miny) { miny = po.y; } if (po.z < minz) { minz = po.z; } } if (minx > 0 || miny > 0 || minz > 0){ for (p = 0; p < pl; p++) { po = points[p]; po.x -= minx; po.y -= miny; po.z -= minz; } } var cur:int = 1, prev:int = 0, next:int = 2; for (var i:int = 1; i <= n; i++) { // using Newell method x += points[cur].y * (points[next].z - points[prev].z); y += points[cur].z * (points[next].x - points[prev].x); z += points[cur].x * (points[next].y - points[prev].y); cur = (cur+1) % n; next = (next+1) % n; prev = (prev+1) % n; } } // length of the normal var length:Number = Math.sqrt(x * x + y * y + z * z); // if area is 0 if (length == 0) { return null; }else{ // turn large values into a unit vector x = x / length; y = y / length; z = z / length; }

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  • Bohemia Interactive's bio2s format

    - by Jaime Soto
    Does anyone have specifications for the bio2s scripting language from Bohemia Interactive? They develop Operation Flashpoint, Armed Assault (ArmA), and Virtual Battlespace. These scripts are sometimes called O2 or Oxygen scripts and are used in their terrain and modeling tools. Oxygen is Bohemia Interactive's modeling tool. I found additional examples of the format in this VBS2 tutorial and this ArmA forum thread. EDIT: I clarified the purpose of the bio2s format and provided some links to examples.

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  • Bad FPS for smaller size (OpenGL ES with SDL)

    - by ber4444
    If you saw my other question, well, there is still a little problem: Click here to watch on youtube Basically, the frame rate is very bad on the actual device, where for some reason the animation is scaled (it looks like the left side on the video). It is quite fast on the simulator where it is not scaled (right side). For a test, I submitted this new changeset that hard-codes the smaller size (plus increases the point size for HII regions to make the dust clouds more visible), and as you see in the video, now it is slow even in the simulator (left side shows the small size, right side shows the original size -- otherwise the code is the same). I'm clueless why it's soooo slow with a smaller galaxy, in fact it should be FASTER. As for general speed optimization (which is not strictly part of my question but is closely related to it, esp. if we need a workaround to speed things up), some initial ideas: reducing the number of items drawn may affect the appearance negatively but screen resolution could be reduced there are too many glBegin(GL_POINTS)/glEnd() blocks, we could draw more than just a single star at once

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  • Create dynamic buffer SharpDX

    - by fedab
    I want to set a buffer that is updated every frame but can't figure it out, what i have to do. The only working thing i have is this: mdexcription = new BufferDescription(Matrix.SizeInBytes * Matrices.Length, ResourceUsage.Dynamic, BindFlags.VertexBuffer, CpuAccessFlags.Write, ResourceOptionFlags.None, 0); instanceBuffer = SharpDX.Direct3D11.Buffer.Create(Device, Matrices, mdexcription); vBB = new VertexBufferBinding(instanceBuffer, Matrix.SizeInBytes, 0); DeviceContext.InputAssembler.SetVertexBuffers(1, vBB); Draw: //Change Matrices (Matrix[]) every frame... instanceBuffer.Dispose(); instanceBuffer = SharpDX.Direct3D11.Buffer.Create(Device, Matrices, mdexcription); vBB = new VertexBufferBinding(instanceBuffer, Matrix.SizeInBytes, 0); DeviceContext.InputAssembler.SetVertexBuffers(1, vBB); I guess Dispose() and creating a new buffer is slow and can be done much faster. I've read about DataStream but i do not know, how to set this up properly. What steps do i have to do to set up a DataStream to achieve fast every-frame update?

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  • how to use serial port in UDK using windows DLL and DLLBind directive?

    - by Shayan Abbas
    I want to use serial port in UDK, For that purpose i use a windows DLL and DLLBind directive. I have a thread in windows DLL for serial port data recieve event. My problem is: this thread doesn't work properly. Please Help me. below is my code SerialPortDLL Code: // SerialPortDLL.cpp : Defines the exported functions for the DLL application. // #include "stdafx.h" #include "Cport.h" extern "C" { // This is an example of an exported variable //SERIALPORTDLL_API int nSerialPortDLL=0; // This is an example of an exported function. //SERIALPORTDLL_API int fnSerialPortDLL(void) //{ // return 42; //} CPort *sp; __declspec(dllexport) void Open(wchar_t* portName) { sp = new CPort(portName); //MessageBox(0,L"ha ha!!!",L"ha ha",0); //MessageBox(0,portName,L"ha ha",0); } __declspec(dllexport) void Close() { sp->Close(); MessageBox(0,L"ha ha!!!",L"ha ha",0); } __declspec(dllexport) wchar_t *GetData() { return sp->GetData(); } __declspec(dllexport) unsigned int GetDSR() { return sp->getDSR(); } __declspec(dllexport) unsigned int GetCTS() { return sp->getCTS(); } __declspec(dllexport) unsigned int GetRing() { return sp->getRing(); } } CPort class code: #include "stdafx.h" #include "CPort.h" #include "Serial.h" CSerial serial; HANDLE HandleOfThread; LONG lLastError = ERROR_SUCCESS; bool fContinue = true; HANDLE hevtOverlapped; HANDLE hevtStop; OVERLAPPED ov = {0}; //char szBuffer[101] = ""; wchar_t *szBuffer = L""; wchar_t *data = L""; DWORD WINAPI ThreadHandler( LPVOID lpParam ) { // Keep reading data, until an EOF (CTRL-Z) has been received do { MessageBox(0,L"ga ga!!!",L"ga ga",0); //Sleep(10); // Wait for an event lLastError = serial.WaitEvent(&ov); if (lLastError != ERROR_SUCCESS) { //LOG( " Unable to wait for a COM-port event" ); } // Setup array of handles in which we are interested HANDLE ahWait[2]; ahWait[0] = hevtOverlapped; ahWait[1] = hevtStop; // Wait until something happens switch (::WaitForMultipleObjects(sizeof(ahWait)/sizeof(*ahWait),ahWait,FALSE,INFINITE)) { case WAIT_OBJECT_0: { // Save event const CSerial::EEvent eEvent = serial.GetEventType(); // Handle break event if (eEvent & CSerial::EEventBreak) { //LOG( " ### BREAK received ###" ); } // Handle CTS event if (eEvent & CSerial::EEventCTS) { //LOG( " ### Clear to send %s ###", serial.GetCTS() ? "on":"off" ); } // Handle DSR event if (eEvent & CSerial::EEventDSR) { //LOG( " ### Data set ready %s ###", serial.GetDSR() ? "on":"off" ); } // Handle error event if (eEvent & CSerial::EEventError) { switch (serial.GetError()) { case CSerial::EErrorBreak: /*LOG( " Break condition" );*/ break; case CSerial::EErrorFrame: /*LOG( " Framing error" );*/ break; case CSerial::EErrorIOE: /*LOG( " IO device error" );*/ break; case CSerial::EErrorMode: /*LOG( " Unsupported mode" );*/ break; case CSerial::EErrorOverrun: /*LOG( " Buffer overrun" );*/ break; case CSerial::EErrorRxOver: /*LOG( " Input buffer overflow" );*/ break; case CSerial::EErrorParity: /*LOG( " Input parity error" );*/ break; case CSerial::EErrorTxFull: /*LOG( " Output buffer full" );*/ break; default: /*LOG( " Unknown" );*/ break; } } // Handle ring event if (eEvent & CSerial::EEventRing) { //LOG( " ### RING ###" ); } // Handle RLSD/CD event if (eEvent & CSerial::EEventRLSD) { //LOG( " ### RLSD/CD %s ###", serial.GetRLSD() ? "on" : "off" ); } // Handle data receive event if (eEvent & CSerial::EEventRecv) { // Read data, until there is nothing left DWORD dwBytesRead = 0; do { // Read data from the COM-port lLastError = serial.Read(szBuffer,33,&dwBytesRead); if (lLastError != ERROR_SUCCESS) { //LOG( "Unable to read from COM-port" ); } if( dwBytesRead == 33 && szBuffer[0]=='$' ) { // Finalize the data, so it is a valid string szBuffer[dwBytesRead] = '\0'; ////LOG( "\n%s\n", szBuffer ); data = szBuffer; } } while (dwBytesRead > 0); } } break; case WAIT_OBJECT_0+1: { // Set the continue bit to false, so we'll exit fContinue = false; } break; default: { // Something went wrong //LOG( "Error while calling WaitForMultipleObjects" ); } break; } } while (fContinue); MessageBox(0,L"kka kk!!!",L"kka ga",0); return 0; } CPort::CPort(wchar_t *portName) { // Attempt to open the serial port (COM2) //lLastError = serial.Open(_T(portName),0,0,true); lLastError = serial.Open(portName,0,0,true); if (lLastError != ERROR_SUCCESS) { //LOG( "Unable to open COM-port" ); } // Setup the serial port (115200,8N1, which is the default setting) lLastError = serial.Setup(CSerial::EBaud115200,CSerial::EData8,CSerial::EParNone,CSerial::EStop1); if (lLastError != ERROR_SUCCESS) { //LOG( "Unable to set COM-port setting" ); } // Register only for the receive event lLastError = serial.SetMask(CSerial::EEventBreak | CSerial::EEventCTS | CSerial::EEventDSR | CSerial::EEventError | CSerial::EEventRing | CSerial::EEventRLSD | CSerial::EEventRecv); if (lLastError != ERROR_SUCCESS) { //LOG( "Unable to set COM-port event mask" ); } // Use 'non-blocking' reads, because we don't know how many bytes // will be received. This is normally the most convenient mode // (and also the default mode for reading data). lLastError = serial.SetupReadTimeouts(CSerial::EReadTimeoutNonblocking); if (lLastError != ERROR_SUCCESS) { //LOG( "Unable to set COM-port read timeout" ); } // Create a handle for the overlapped operations hevtOverlapped = ::CreateEvent(0,TRUE,FALSE,0);; if (hevtOverlapped == 0) { //LOG( "Unable to create manual-reset event for overlapped I/O" ); } // Setup the overlapped structure ov.hEvent = hevtOverlapped; // Open the "STOP" handle hevtStop = ::CreateEvent(0,TRUE,FALSE,_T("Overlapped_Stop_Event")); if (hevtStop == 0) { //LOG( "Unable to create manual-reset event for stop event" ); } HandleOfThread = CreateThread( NULL, 0, ThreadHandler, 0, 0, NULL); } CPort::~CPort() { //fContinue = false; //CloseHandle( HandleOfThread ); //serial.Close(); } void CPort::Close() { fContinue = false; CloseHandle( HandleOfThread ); serial.Close(); } wchar_t *CPort::GetData() { return data; } bool CPort::getCTS() { return serial.GetCTS(); } bool CPort::getDSR() { return serial.GetDSR(); } bool CPort::getRing() { return serial.GetRing(); } Unreal Script Code: class MyPlayerController extends GamePlayerController DLLBind(SerialPortDLL); dllimport final function Open(string portName); dllimport final function Close(); dllimport final function string GetData();

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  • Alpha blend 3D png texture in XNA

    - by ProgrammerAtWork
    I'm trying to draw a partly transparent texture a plane, but the problem is that it's incorrectly displaying what is behind that texture. Pseudo code: vertices1 basiceffect1 // The vertices of vertices1 are located BEHIND vertices2 vertices2 basiceffect2 // The vertices of vertices2 are located IN FRONT vertices1 GraphicsDevice.Clear(Blue); PrimitiveBatch.Begin(); //if I draw like this: PrimitiveBatch.Draw(vertices1, trianglestrip, basiceffect1) PrimitiveBatch.Draw(vertices2, trianglestrip, basiceffect2) //Everything gets draw correctly, I can see the texture of vertices2 trough //the transparent parts of vertices1 //but if I draw like this: PrimitiveBatch.Draw(vertices2, trianglestrip, basiceffect2) PrimitiveBatch.Draw(vertices1, trianglestrip, basiceffect1) //I cannot see the texture of vertices1 in behind the texture of vertices2 //Instead, the texture vertices2 gets drawn, and the transparent parts are blue //The clear color PrimitiveBatch.Draw(vertice PrimitiveBatch.End(); My question is, Why does the order in which I call draw matter?

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  • Mixing XNA and silverlight gives wierd graphics

    - by Mech0z
    I making a small 3dgame which is made as a Silverlight and XNA app, but when I draw the sprites the graphics becomes all wierd. All my primitive types are rendered correctly, but my 3d models are just wierd My Draw is like this when silverlight is set to draw private void OnDraw(object sender, GameTimerEventArgs e) { // Render the Silverlight controls using the UIElementRenderer elementRenderer.Render(); // Clear the screen to a solid color SharedGraphicsDeviceManager.Current.GraphicsDevice.Clear(Color.CornflowerBlue); switch (gameState) { case GameState.ChooseStarter: TextBlockStatus.Text = "Find Starting Player"; break; case GameState.PlaceBrick: TextBlockPlayer.Text = (playerTurn == PlayerTurn.PlayerOne) ? "Player One" : "Player Two"; TextBlockState.Text = "Place Brick"; foreach (IGraphicObject obj in _3dObjects) { obj.Draw(cameraPosition, e); } break; case GameState.GiveBrick: TextBlockState.Text = "Give Brick"; break; } spriteBatch.Begin(); // Using the texture from the UIElementRenderer, // draw the Silverlight controls to the screen spriteBatch.Draw(elementRenderer.Texture, cameraProjection, Color.White); spriteBatch.End(); } This gives me this output If I comment the spritebatch lines out I get the correct output, except the silverlight text is of course not shown I am not entirely sure what to look for except that zero vector I am giving to the spritebatch, but if thats the source I have no idea what I am supposed to set it as epspecially when its a 2d vector

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  • Parabolic throw with set Height and range (libgdx)

    - by Tauboga
    Currently i'm working on a minigame for android where you have a rotating ball in the center of the display which jumps when touched in the direction of his current angle. I'm simply using a gravity vector and a velocity vector in this way: positionBall = positionBall.add(velocity); velocity = velocity.add(gravity); and velocity.x = (float) Math.cos(angle) * 12; /* 12 to amplify the velocity */ velocity.y = (float) Math.sin(angle) * 15; /* 15 to amplify the velocity */ That works fine. Here comes the problem: I want to make the jump look the same on all possible resolutions. The velocity needs to be scaled in a way that when the ball is thrown straight upwards it will touch the upper display border. When thrown directly left or right the range shall be exactly long enough to touch the left/right display border. Which formula(s) do I need to use and how to implement them correctly? Thanks in advance!

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  • Different Style Technique

    - by Muhammad Iqbal Dwi Cahyo
    I'm newbie here.. Please anyone knows, to create a character that his/her Style Tech is had a different kind of movement... I wanna make my character 2d his/her power technique like rasengan, I mean first the ball its just spining around and then going bigger and much more bigger so blow up if it touch his/her opponent? How the coding is, and what I've must do? Please your guide, thank's a lot... ^_^

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  • Need to combine a color, mask, and sprite layer in a shader

    - by Donutz
    My task: to display a sprite using different team colors. I have a sprte graphic, part of which has to be displayed as a team color. The color isn't 'flat', i.e. it shades from brighter to darker. I can't "pre-build" the graphics because there are just too many, so I have to generate them at runtime. I've decided to use a shader, and supply it with a texture consisting of the team color, a texture consisting of a mask (black=no color, white=full color, gray=progressively dimmed color), and the sprite grapic, with the areas where the team color shows being transparent. So here's my shader code: // Effect attempts to merge a color layer, a mask layer, and a sprite layer // to produce a complete sprite sampler UnitSampler : register(s0); // the unit sampler MaskSampler : register(s1); // the mask sampler ColorSampler : register(s2); // the color float4 main(float4 color : COLOR0, float2 texCoord : TEXCOORD0) : COLOR0 { float4 tex1 = tex2D(ColorSampler, texCoord); // get the color float4 tex2 = tex2D(MaskSampler, texCoord); // get the mask float4 tex3 = tex2D(UnitSampler,texCoord); // get the unit float4 tex4 = tex1 * tex2.r * tex3; // color * mask * unit return tex4; } My problem is the calculations involving tex1 through tex4. I don't really understand how the manipulations work, so I'm just thrashing around, producing lots of different incorrect effects. So given tex1 through tex3, what calcs do I do in order to take the color (tex1), mask it (tex2), and apply the result to the unit if it's not zero? And would I be better off to make the mask just on/off (white/black) and put the color shading in the unit graphic?

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  • How to load stacking chunks on the fly?

    - by Brettetete
    I'm currently working on an infinite world, mostly inspired by minecraft. A Chunk consists of 16x16x16 blocks. A block(cube) is 1x1x1. This runs very smoothly with a ViewRange of 12 Chunks (12x16) on my computer. Fine. When I change the Chunk height to 256 this becomes - obviously - incredible laggy. So what I basically want to do is stacking chunks. That means my world could be [8,16,8] Chunks large. The question is now how to generate chunks on the fly? At the moment I generate not existing chunks circular around my position (near to far). Since I don't stack chunks yet, this is not very complex. As important side note here: I also want to have biomes, with different min/max height. So in Biome Flatlands the highest layer with blocks would be 8 (8x16) - in Biome Mountains the highest layer with blocks would be 14 (14x16). Just as example. What I could do would be loading 1 Chunk above and below me for example. But here the problem would be, that transitions between different bioms could be larger than one chunk on y. My current chunk loading in action For the completeness here my current chunk loading "algorithm" private IEnumerator UpdateChunks(){ for (int i = 1; i < VIEW_RANGE; i += ChunkWidth) { float vr = i; for (float x = transform.position.x - vr; x < transform.position.x + vr; x += ChunkWidth) { for (float z = transform.position.z - vr; z < transform.position.z + vr; z += ChunkWidth) { _pos.Set(x, 0, z); // no y, yet _pos.x = Mathf.Floor(_pos.x/ChunkWidth)*ChunkWidth; _pos.z = Mathf.Floor(_pos.z/ChunkWidth)*ChunkWidth; Chunk chunk = Chunk.FindChunk(_pos); // If Chunk is already created, continue if (chunk != null) continue; // Create a new Chunk.. chunk = (Chunk) Instantiate(ChunkFab, _pos, Quaternion.identity); } } // Skip to next frame yield return 0; } }

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  • Frame Interpolation issues for skeletal animation

    - by sebby_man
    I'm trying to animate in-between keyframes for skeletal animation but having some issues. Each joint is represented by a quaternion and there is no translation component. When I try to slerp between the orientations at the two key frames, I got a very wacky animation. I know my skinning equation is right because the animation is perfectly fine when the animation is directly on a keyframe rather than in-between two. I'm using glm's built in mix function to do the slerp, so I don't think there are any problems with the actual slerp implementation. There's really one thing left that could be wrong here. I must not be in the correct space to do slerp. Right now the orientations are in joint local space. Do I have to be in world space? In some other space along the way? I have the bind pose matrix and world-space transformation matrix at my disposal if those are needed.

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  • Why do my 512x512 bitmaps look jaggy on Android OpenGL?

    - by Milo Mordaunt
    This is sort of driving me nuts, I've googled and googled and tried everything I can think of, but my sprites still look super blurry and super jaggy. Example: Here: https://docs.google.com/open?id=0Bx9Gbwnv9Hd2TmpiZkFycUNmRTA If you click through to the actual full size image you should see what I mean, it's like it's taking and average of every 5*5 pixels or something, the background looks really blurry and blocky, but the ball is the worst. The clouds look all right for some reason, probably because they're mostly transparent. I know the pngs aren't top notch themselves but hey, I'm no artist! I would imagine it's a problem with either: a. How the pngs are made example sprite (512x512): https://docs.google.com/open?id=0Bx9Gbwnv9Hd2a2RRQlJiQTFJUEE b. How my Matrices work This is the relevant parts of the renderer: public void onDrawFrame(GL10 unused) { if(world != null) { dt = System.currentTimeMillis() - endTime; world.update( (float) dt); // Redraw background color GLES20.glClear(GLES20.GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT); Matrix.setIdentityM(mvMatrix, 0); Matrix.translateM(mvMatrix, 0, 0f, 0f, 0f); world.draw(mvMatrix, mProjMatrix); endTime = System.currentTimeMillis(); } else { Log.d(TAG, "There is no world...."); } } public void onSurfaceChanged(GL10 unused, int width, int height) { GLES20.glViewport(0, 0, width, height); Matrix.orthoM(mProjMatrix, 0, 0, width /2, 0, height /2, -1.f, 1.f); } And this is what each Quad does when draw is called: public void draw(float[] mvMatrix, float[] pMatrix) { Matrix.setIdentityM(mMatrix, 0); Matrix.setIdentityM(mvMatrix, 0); Matrix.translateM(mMatrix, 0, xPos, yPos, 0.f); Matrix.multiplyMM(mvMatrix, 0, mvMatrix, 0, mMatrix, 0); Matrix.scaleM(mvMatrix, 0, scale, scale, 0f); Matrix.rotateM(mvMatrix, 0, angle, 0f, 0f, -1f); GLES20.glUseProgram(mProgram); posAttr = GLES20.glGetAttribLocation(mProgram, "vPosition"); texAttr = GLES20.glGetAttribLocation(mProgram, "aTexCo"); uSampler = GLES20.glGetUniformLocation(mProgram, "uSampler"); int alphaHandle = GLES20.glGetUniformLocation(mProgram, "alpha"); GLES20.glVertexAttribPointer(posAttr, COORDS_PER_VERTEX, GLES20.GL_FLOAT, false, 0, vertexBuffer); GLES20.glVertexAttribPointer(texAttr, 2, GLES20.GL_FLOAT, false, 0, texCoBuffer); GLES20.glEnableVertexAttribArray(posAttr); GLES20.glEnableVertexAttribArray(texAttr); GLES20.glActiveTexture(GLES20.GL_TEXTURE0); GLES20.glBindTexture(GLES20.GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture); GLES20.glUniform1i(uSampler, 0); GLES20.glUniform1f(alphaHandle, alpha); mMVMatrixHandle = GLES20.glGetUniformLocation(mProgram, "uMVMatrix"); mPMatrixHandle = GLES20.glGetUniformLocation(mProgram, "uPMatrix"); GLES20.glUniformMatrix4fv(mMVMatrixHandle, 1, false, mvMatrix, 0); GLES20.glUniformMatrix4fv(mPMatrixHandle, 1, false, pMatrix, 0); GLES20.glDrawElements(GLES20.GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP, 4, GLES20.GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT, indicesBuffer); GLES20.glDisableVertexAttribArray(posAttr); GLES20.glDisableVertexAttribArray(texAttr); GLES20.glBindTexture(GLES20.GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0); } c. How my texture loading/blending/shaders setup works Here is the renderer setup: public void onSurfaceCreated(GL10 unused, EGLConfig config) { // Set the background frame color GLES20.glClearColor(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f); GLES20.glDisable(GLES20.GL_DEPTH_TEST); GLES20.glDepthMask(false); GLES20.glBlendFunc(GLES20.GL_ONE, GLES20.GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA); GLES20.glEnable(GLES20.GL_BLEND); GLES20.glEnable(GLES20.GL_DITHER); } Here is the vertex shader: attribute vec4 vPosition; attribute vec2 aTexCo; varying vec2 vTexCo; uniform mat4 uMVMatrix; uniform mat4 uPMatrix; void main() { gl_Position = uPMatrix * uMVMatrix * vPosition; vTexCo = aTexCo; } And here's the fragment shader: precision mediump float; uniform sampler2D uSampler; uniform vec4 vColor; varying vec2 vTexCo; varying float alpha; void main() { vec4 color = texture2D(uSampler, vec2(vTexCo)); gl_FragColor = color; if(gl_FragColor.a == 0.0) { "discard; } } This is how textures are loaded: private int loadTexture(int rescource) { int[] texture = new int[1]; BitmapFactory.Options opts = new BitmapFactory.Options(); opts.inScaled = false; Bitmap temp = BitmapFactory.decodeResource(context.getResources(), rescource, opts); GLES20.glGenTextures(1, texture, 0); GLES20.glActiveTexture(GLES20.GL_TEXTURE0); GLES20.glBindTexture(GLES20.GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture[0]); GLES20.glTexParameterf(GLES20.GL_TEXTURE_2D, GLES20.GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GLES20.GL_LINEAR); GLES20.glTexParameterf(GLES20.GL_TEXTURE_2D, GLES20.GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GLES20.GL_LINEAR); GLUtils.texImage2D(GLES20.GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, temp, 0); GLES20.glGenerateMipmap(GLES20.GL_TEXTURE_2D); GLES20.glBindTexture(GLES20.GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0); temp.recycle(); return texture[0]; } I'm sure I'm doing about 20,000 things wrong, so I'm really sorry if the problem is blindingly obvious... The test device is a Galaxy Note, running a JellyBean custom ROM, if that matters at all. So the screen resolution is 1280x800, which means... The background is 1024x1024, so yeah it might be a little blurry, but shouldn't be made of lego. Thank you so much, any answer at all would be appreciated.

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  • Discovering path through unknown territory

    - by TravisG
    Let's say all the AI knows about it's surroundings is a pixel-map that it has which clearly shows walkable terrain and obstacles. I want the AI to be able to traverse this terrain until it finds an exit point. There are some restrictions: There is always a way to the exit in the entire map that the AI walks around in, but there may be dead ends. The path to the exit is always pretty random, meaning that if you stand at crossroads, nothing indicates which direction would be the right one to go. It doesn't matter if the AI reaches a dead end, but it has to be able walk back out of it to a previously not inspected location and continue its search there. Initially, the AI starts out knowing only the starting area of the whole map. As it walks around, new points will be added to the pixel-map as the AI corresponding to the AIs range of sight (think of it like the AI is clearing the fog of war) The problem is in 2D space. All I have is the pixel map. There are no paths in the pixel map which are "too narrow". The AI fits through everything. It shouldn't be a brute force solution. E.g. it would be possible to simply find a path to each pixel in the pixel map that is yet undiscovered (with A*, for example), which will lead to the AI discovering new pixels. This could be repeated until the end is reached. The path doesn't have to be the shortest path (this is impossible without knowing the entire map beforehand), but when movements within the visible area are calculated, the shortest and from a human standpoint most logical path should be taken (e.g. if you can see a way out of your room into a hallway, you would obviously go there instead of exploring the corner of your current room). What kind of approaches to solve this problem are there?

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  • How to prevent 2D camera rotation if it would violate the bounds of the camera?

    - by Andrew Price
    I'm working on a Camera class and I have a rectangle field named Bounds that determines the bounds of the camera. I have it working for zooming and moving the camera so that the camera cannot exit its bounds. However, I'm a bit confused on how to do the same for rotation. Currently I allow rotating of the camera's Z-axis. However, if sufficiently zoomed out, upon rotating the camera, areas of the screen outside the camera's bounds can be shown. I'd like to deny the rotation assuming it meant that the newly rotated camera would expose areas outside the camera's bounds, but I'm not quite sure how. I'm still new to Matrix and Vector math and I'm not quite sure how to model if the newly rotated camera sees outside of its bounds, undo the rotation. Here's an image showing the problem: http://i.stack.imgur.com/NqprC.png The red is out of bounds and as a result, the camera should never be allowed to rotate itself like this. This seems like it would be a problem with all rotated values, but this is not the case when the camera is zoomed in enough. Here are the current member variables for the Camera class: private Vector2 _position = Vector2.Zero; private Vector2 _origin = Vector2.Zero; private Rectangle? _bounds = Rectangle.Empty; private float _rotation = 0.0f; private float _zoom = 1.0f; Is this possible to do? If so, could someone give me some guidance on how to accomplish this? Thanks. EDIT: I forgot to mention I am using a transformation matrix style camera that I input in to SpriteBatch.Begin. I am using the same transformation matrix from this tutorial.

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  • Literature for Inverse Kinematics: Joint Limits and beyond

    - by Jeff
    Recently I've been playing around with Inverse Kinematics and have been pretty impressed with the results. Naturally I want to take it further, but have no clue where to start. In particular, I would like to introduce joint limits (ie for a prismatic joint how far it can move, hinge joint what angles it has to be between, etc etc). Currently I understand how to produce the Jacobian matrix for the various joint types. I am particularly looking for literature (preferably free, and preferably easy to understand) on various ways to implement joint limits. Also I would like to find out different ideas on how inverse kinematics can be used.

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  • Collision detection when pathfinding with pathnodes, UDK

    - by Dave Voyles
    I'm trying to create a class that allows my AIController to path find using pathnodes (NOT NavMeshes). It's doing a swell job of going from point to point in a set order (although I would like for it to be a random patrol at some point), but it gets caught up on collision from time to time. I.E. He'll walk the same set path, and when he runs into the blocks in the middle of the map he continues to rub against them until they finish, and continues on his merry way to the next path node. How can I prevent this from happening, or at least have him move from the wall if he does a trace and detects that it is there? It looks like I need to use MoveToward() instead of MoveTo(), as MoveToward allows the pawn to adjust its course during movement. I'm just not sure of how to use those paramters. Mougli has a decent tutorial on it[/URL], but I can't seem to get it to work correctly with my pathnode array. class PathfindingAIController extends UDKBot; var array Waypoints; var int _PathNode; //declare it at the start so you can use it throughout the script var int CloseEnough; simulated function PostBeginPlay() { local PathNode Current; super.PostBeginPlay(); //add the pathnodes to the array foreach WorldInfo.AllActors(class'Pathnode',Current) { Waypoints.AddItem( Current ); } } simulated function Tick(float DeltaTime) { local int Distance; local Rotator DesiredRotation; super.Tick(DeltaTime); if (Pawn != None) { // Smoothly rotate the pawn towards the focal point DesiredRotation = Rotator(GetFocalPoint() - Pawn.Location); Pawn.FaceRotation(RLerp(Pawn.Rotation, DesiredRotation, 3.125f * DeltaTime, true), DeltaTime); } Distance = VSize2D(Pawn.Location - Waypoints[_PathNode].Location); if (Distance <= CloseEnough) { _PathNode++; } if (_PathNode >= Waypoints.Length) { _PathNode = 0; } GoToState('Pathfinding'); } auto state Pathfinding { Begin: if (Waypoints[_PathNode] != None) // make sure there is a pathnode to move to { MoveTo(Waypoints[_PathNode].Location); //move to it `log("STATE: Pathfinding"); } } DefaultProperties { CloseEnough=400 bIsplayer = True }

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  • GLSL: How Do I cast a float into an int?

    - by dugla
    In a GLSL fragment shader I am trying to cast a float into an int. The compiler has other ideas. It complains thusly: ERROR: 0:60: '=' : cannot convert from 'mediump float' to 'highp int' I am trying to do this: mediump float indexf = floor(2.0 * mixer); highp int index = indexf; I (vainly) tried to raise the precision of the int above the float to appease the GL Gods but no joy. Could someone please school me here? Thanks, Doug

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