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  • Big numbers in C

    - by teehoo
    I need help working with very big numbers. According to Windows calc, the exponent 174^55 = 1.6990597648061509725749329578093e+123. How would I store this using C (c99 standard). int main(){ long long int x = 174^55; //result is 153 printf("%lld\n", x); } For those curious, it is for a school project where we are implementing the RSA cryptographic algorithm, which deals with exponentiating large numbers with large powers for encryption/decryption.

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  • C Programming - My program is good enough for my assignment but I know its not good

    - by Joe
    Hi there I'm just starting an assignment for uni and it's raised a question for me. I don't understand how to return a string from a function without having a memory leak. char* trim(char* line) { int start = 0; int end = strlen(line) - 1; /* find the start position of the string */ while(isspace(line[start]) != 0) { start++; } //printf("start is %d\n", start); /* find the position end of the string */ while(isspace(line[end]) != 0) { end--; } //printf("end is %d\n", end); /* calculate string length and add 1 for the sentinel */ int len = end - start + 2; /* initialise char array to len and read in characters */ int i; char* trimmed = calloc(sizeof(char), len); for(i = 0; i < (len - 1); i++) { trimmed[i] = line[start + i]; } trimmed[len - 1] = '\0'; return trimmed; } as you can see I am returning a pointer to char which is an array. I found that if I tried to make the 'trimmed' array by something like: char trimmed[len]; then the compiler would throw up a message saying that a constant was expected on this line. I assume this meant that for some reason you can't use variables as the array length when initialising an array, although something tells me that can't be right. So instead I made my array by allocating some memory to a char pointer. I understand that this function is probably waaaaay sub-optimal for what it is trying to do, but what I really want to know is: 1. Can you normally initialise an array using a variable to declare the length like: char trimmed[len]; ? 2. If I had an array that was of that type (char trimmed[]) would it have the same return type as a pointer to char (ie char*). 3. If I make my array by callocing some memory and allocating it to a char pointer, how do I free this memory. It seems to me that once I have returned this array, I can't access it to free it as it is a local variable. Many thanks in advance Joe

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  • C++/STL: std::transform with given stride?

    - by Arman
    Hello, I have a 1d array containing Nd data, I would like to effectively traverse on it with std::transform or std::for_each. unigned int nelems; unsigned int stride=3;// we are going to have 3D points float *pP;// this will keep xyzxyzxyz... Load(pP); std::transform(pP, pP+nelems, strMover<float>(pP, stride));//How to define the strMover?? Kind Regards, Arman.

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  • C# Number of days between two dates problem

    - by Jamie
    Hi all, I have a small problem with the code below, the 'days' variable always seems to be 0 no matter how far apart the days are. Can you see anything obviously wrong? System.TimeSpan span = dates[0] - dates[1]; // e.g. 12/04/2010 11:44:08 and 18/05/2010 11:52:19 int days = (int)span.TotalDays; if (days > 10) //days always seems to be 0 { throw new Exception("Over 10 days"); } Thanks

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  • should I ever put a major version number into a C#/Java namespace?

    - by Andrew Patterson
    I am designing a set of 'service' layer objects (data objects and interface definitions) for a WCF web service (that will be consumed by third party clients i.e. not in-house, so outside my direct control). I know that I am not going to get the interface definition exactly right - and am wanting to prepare for the time when I know that I will have to introduce a breaking set of new data objects. However, the reality of the world I am in is that I will also need to run my first version simultaneously for quite a while. The first version of my service will have URL of http://host/app/v1service.svc and when the times comes by new version will live at http://host/app/v2service.svc However, when it comes to the data objects and interfaces, I am toying with putting the 'major' version of the interface number into the actual namespace of the classes. namespace Company.Product.V1 { [DataContract(Namespace = "company-product-v1")] public class Widget { [DataMember] string widgetName; } public interface IFunction { Widget GetWidgetData(int code); } } When the time comes for a fundamental change to the service, I will introduce some classes like namespace Company.Product.V2 { [DataContract(Namespace = "company-product-v2")] public class Widget { [DataMember] int widgetCode; [DataMember] int widgetExpiry; } public interface IFunction { Widget GetWidgetData(int code); } } The advantages as I see it are that I will be able to have a single set of code serving both interface versions, sharing functionality where possible. This is because I will be able to reference both interface versions as a distinct set of C# objects. Similarly, clients may use both interface versions simultaneously, perhaps using V1.Widget in some legacy code whilst new bits move on to V2.Widget. Can anyone tell why this is a stupid idea? I have a nagging feeling that this is a bit smelly.. notes: I am obviously not proposing every single new version of the service would be in a new namespace. Presumably I will do as many non-breaking interface changes as possible, but I know that I will hit a point where all the data modelling will probably need a significant rewrite. I understand assembly versioning etc but I think this question is tangential to that type of versioning. But I could be wrong.

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  • scala integer weirdness

    - by williamstw
    Suppose you inadvertently use Integer instead of Int, as in this code: import scala.collection.mutable.Map val contributors = Map[String,Integer]() val count = contributors.getOrElseUpdate("john",0) contributors.put("john",count+1) println(contributors) Compiler output: (fragment of test.scala):7: error: type mismatch; found : Int(1) required: String contributors.put("john",count+1) ^ Why "required: String"?

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  • Comparing file contents in F#

    - by Bartosz Milewski
    I wrote a quick and dirty function to compare file contents (BTW, I have already tested that they are of equal size): let eqFiles f1 f2 = let bytes1 = Seq.ofArray (File.ReadAllBytes f1) let bytes2 = Seq.ofArray (File.ReadAllBytes f2) let res = Seq.compareWith (fun x y -> (int x) - (int y)) bytes1 bytes2 res = 0 I'm not happy with reading the whole contents into an array. I'd rather have a lazy sequence of bytes, but I can't find the right API in F#.

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  • How to deal with Warning C4100 in Visual Studio 2008

    - by Jimmie
    For some reason my Visual Studio 2008 began to show warnings for code like: "int main( int argc, char **argv)", which is really annoying. The detailed warning ouputs are (you can ignore the line numbers): 1.\main.cpp(86) : warning C4100: 'argv' : unreferenced formal parameter 1.\main.cpp(86) : warning C4100: 'argc' : unreferenced formal parameter I wonder if there are settings in Visual Studio 2008 that have been accidentally changed. Or how should I deal with this warning? Thank you all.

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  • Using ToArgb() followed by FromArgb() does not result in the original color

    - by hayrob
    This does not work int blueInt = Color.Blue.ToArgb(); Color fred = Color.FromArgb(blueInt); Assert.AreEqual(Color.Blue,fred); Any suggestions? [Edit] I'm using NUnit and the output is failed: Expected: Color [Blue] But was: Color [A=255, R=0, G=0, B=255] [Edit] This works! int blueInt = Color.Blue.ToArgb(); Color fred = Color.FromArgb(blueInt); Assert.AreEqual(Color.Blue.ToArgb(),fred.ToArgb());

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  • Is O_NONBLOCK being set a property of the file descriptor or underlying file?

    - by Daniel Trebbien
    From what I have been reading on The Open Group website on fcntl, open, read, and write, I get the impression that whether O_NONBLOCK is set on a file descriptor, and hence whether non-blocking I/O is used with the descriptor, should be a property of that file descriptor rather than the underlying file. Being a property of the file descriptor means, for example, that if I duplicate a file descriptor or open another descriptor to the same file, then I can use blocking I/O with one and non-blocking I/O with the other. Experimenting with a FIFO, however, it appears that it is not possible to have a blocking I/O descriptor and non-blocking I/O descriptor to the FIFO simultaneously (so whether O_NONBLOCK is set is a property of the underlying file [the FIFO]): #include <errno.h> #include <fcntl.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <unistd.h> int main(int argc, char **argv) { int fds[2]; if (pipe(fds) == -1) { fprintf(stderr, "`pipe` failed.\n"); return EXIT_FAILURE; } int fd0_dup = dup(fds[0]); if (fd0_dup <= STDERR_FILENO) { fprintf(stderr, "Failed to duplicate the read end\n"); return EXIT_FAILURE; } if (fds[0] == fd0_dup) { fprintf(stderr, "`fds[0]` should not equal `fd0_dup`.\n"); return EXIT_FAILURE; } if ((fcntl(fds[0], F_GETFL) & O_NONBLOCK)) { fprintf(stderr, "`fds[0]` should not have `O_NONBLOCK` set.\n"); return EXIT_FAILURE; } if (fcntl(fd0_dup, F_SETFL, fcntl(fd0_dup, F_GETFL) | O_NONBLOCK) == -1) { fprintf(stderr, "Failed to set `O_NONBLOCK` on `fd0_dup`\n"); return EXIT_FAILURE; } if ((fcntl(fds[0], F_GETFL) & O_NONBLOCK)) { fprintf(stderr, "`fds[0]` should still have `O_NONBLOCK` unset.\n"); return EXIT_FAILURE; // RETURNS HERE } char buf[1]; if (read(fd0_dup, buf, 1) != -1) { fprintf(stderr, "Expected `read` on `fd0_dup` to fail immediately\n"); return EXIT_FAILURE; } else if (errno != EAGAIN) { fprintf(stderr, "Expected `errno` to be `EAGAIN`\n"); return EXIT_FAILURE; } return EXIT_SUCCESS; } This leaves me thinking: is it ever possible to have a non-blocking I/O descriptor and blocking I/O descriptor to the same file and if so, does it depend on the type of file (regular file, FIFO, block special file, character special file, socket, etc.)?

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  • Custom Windows Forms Control not exporting functions, not showing in tools list, showing as Text

    - by flavour404
    Hi, I have written a very simple control. C# Visual Studio 2008. Its output should be, and is a dll. I have added a reference to the dll within the project that I intend to use it with. The msdn article about how to write a control states that it should appear in the 'Add reference / projects' list, which it doesn't but I simply navigated to it under the 'browse' tab, went to the /bin folder and added the reference that way. I dragged it over to my toolbox, but it shows up as a 'Text:xhair_tool' and when i try and add it to a form, it won't, so what have I done wrong? It was created as a 'Windows forms control' project. It should export the one method which is 'Target' which return an array, as shown below. using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.ComponentModel; using System.Drawing; using System.Data; using System.Text; using System.Windows.Forms; namespace xhair_tool { public partial class xhair : UserControl { public xhair() { InitializeComponent(); } private void xhair_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) { } protected override void OnPaint(PaintEventArgs e) { Graphics g = e.Graphics; Pen pen = new Pen(Color.Black, 1); SolidBrush redBrush = new SolidBrush(Color.Red); g.DrawLine(pen, 8, 0, 8, 7); g.DrawLine(pen, 8, 9, 8, 16); g.DrawLine(pen, 0, 8, 7, 8); g.DrawLine(pen, 9, 8, 16, 8); //ControlPaint.DrawReversibleLine(start, end, backColor) } /// <summary> /// Returns the point at the center of the crosshair /// </summary> /// <returns>int[x,y]</returns> public int[] Target { get { int[] _xy = new int[2]; _xy[0] = this.Left + 8; _xy[1] = this.Top + 8; return _xy; } } } } Thanks, R.

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  • F# Multidimensional Array Types

    - by SHiNKiROU
    What's the difference between 'a[,,] and 'a[][][]? They both represent 3-d arrays. It makes me write array3d.[x].[y].[z] instead of array3d.[x, y, z]. Why I can't do the following? > let array2d : int[,] = Array2D.zeroCreate 10 10;; > let array1d = array2d.[0];; error FS0001: This expression was expected to have type 'a [] but here has type int [,]

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  • Passing parameter in C#

    - by Lu Lu
    In C++, I have a function: void MyFunction(int p) { p=5; } Assume, I have: int x = 10; MyFunction(x); // x = 10 MyFunction(&x); // x = 5 How to archive this in C# with condition: I create only one MyFunction. Thanks.

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  • conversion of DNA to Protein - c structure issue

    - by sam
    I am working on conversion of DNA sequence to Protein sequence. I had completed all program only one error I found there is of structure. dna_codon is a structure and I am iterating over it.In first iteration it shows proper values of structure but from next iteration, it dont show the proper value stored in structure. Its a small error so do not think that I havnt done anything and downvote. I am stucked here because I am new in c for structures. CODE : #include <stdio.h> #include<string.h> void main() { int i, len; char short_codons[20]; char short_slc[1000]; char sequence[1000]; struct codons { char amino_acid[20], slc[20], dna_codon[40]; }; struct codons c1 [20]= { {"Isoleucine", "I", "ATT, ATC, ATA"}, {"Leucine", "L", "CTT, CTC, CTA, CTG, TTA, TTG"}, {"Valine", "V", "GTT, GTC, GTA, GTG"}, {"Phenylalanine", "F", "TTT, TTC"}, {"Methionine", "M", "ATG"}, {"Cysteine", "C", "TGT, TGC"}, {"Alanine", "A", "GCT, GCC, GCA, GCG"}, {"Proline", "P", "CCT, CCC, CCA,CCG "}, {"Threonine", "T", "ACT, ACC, ACA, ACG"}, {"Serine", "S", "TCT, TCC, TCA, TCG, AGT, AGC"}, {"Tyrosine", "Y", "TAT, TAC"}, {"Tryptophan", "W", "TGG"}, {"Glutamine", "Q", "CAA, CAG"}, {"Aspargine","N" "AAT, AAC"}, {"Histidine", "H", "CAT, CAC"}, {"Glutamic acid", "E", "GAA, GAG"}, {"Aspartic acid", "D", "GAT, GAC"}, {"Lysine", "K", "AAA, AAG"}, {"Arginine", "R", "CGT, CGC, CGA, CGG, AGA, AGG"}, {"Stop codons", "Stop", "AA, TAG, TGA"} }; int count = 0; printf("Enter the sequence: "); gets(sequence); char *input_string = sequence; char *tmp_str = input_string; int k; char *pch; while (*input_string != '\0') { char string_3l[4] = {'\0'}; strncpy(string_3l, input_string, 3); printf("\n-----------%s & %s----------", string_3l, tmp_str ); for(k=0;k<20;k++) { //printf("@REAL - %s", c1[0].dna_codon); printf("@ %s", c1[k].dna_codon); int x; x = c1[k].dna_codon; pch = strtok(x, ","); while (pch != NULL) { printf("\n%d : %s with %s", k, string_3l, pch); count=strcmp(string_3l, pch); if(count==0) { strcat(short_slc, c1[k].slc); printf("\n==>%s", short_slc); } pch = strtok (NULL, " ,.-"); } } input_string = input_string+3; } printf("\nProtien sequence is : %s\n", short_slc); } INPUT : TAGTAG OUTPUT : If you see output of printf("\n-----------%s & %s----------", string_3l, tmp_str ); in both iterations, we found that values defined in structure are reduced. I want to know why structure reduces it or its my mistake? because I am stucked here

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  • Why doesn't ADL find function templates?

    - by Huw Giddens
    What part of the C++ specification restricts argument dependent lookup from finding function templates in the set of associated namespaces? In other words, why won't the following compile? namespace ns { struct foo {}; template<int i> void frob(foo const&) {} } int main() { ns::foo f; frob<0>(f); }

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  • Splitting integers in arrays to individual digits

    - by Neville
    hello all. I have an array: int test[]={10212,10202,11000,11000,11010}; I want to split the inetger values to individual digits and place them in a new array as individual elements such that my array now is: int test2[]={1,0,2,1,2,1,0,2,0,2,1,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,1,0}; How would i go about doing that? I'm doing this in java. Thank you.

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  • Remove UIViewController from UIScrollView?

    - by tobi
    Hi, i add different View with (setPageID) to a ScrollView, but know i get a Memory problem on rotaion and i want to remove the actualy not showed view... how can i do this or how can i remove the memory problem? Thanks!!! - (void)setPageID:(int)page { if (page < 0) return; if (page >= self.listOfItems.count) return; CGFloat cx = 0; ScrollingViewStep *controller = [viewControllers objectAtIndex:page]; if ((NSNull *)controller == [NSNull null]) { controller = [[ScrollingViewStep alloc] init]; [viewControllers replaceObjectAtIndex:page withObject:controller]; [controller release]; } if (nil == controller.view.superview) { if([[UIDevice currentDevice] orientation] == UIDeviceOrientationPortrait || [[UIDevice currentDevice] orientation] == UIDeviceOrientationPortraitUpsideDown) { cx = 768.0 * page; controller.view.frame = CGRectMake(cx, 0.0 , 768.0f, 926.0f); } else { cx = 1024.0 * page; controller.view.frame = CGRectMake(cx, 0.0 , 1024.0f, 670.0f); } [controller setView:ItemID PageID:page Text:[[self.listOfItems objectAtIndex:page] objectForKey:@"step"]]; [scrollView addSubview:controller.view]; } } - (BOOL)shouldAutorotateToInterfaceOrientation:(UIInterfaceOrientation)interfaceOrientation { CGFloat cx2 = 0; for (int i = 0; i < [self.viewControllers count]; i++) { ScrollingViewStep *viewController = [self.viewControllers objectAtIndex:i]; if ((NSNull *)viewController != [NSNull null]) { if([[UIDevice currentDevice] orientation] == UIDeviceOrientationPortrait || [[UIDevice currentDevice] orientation] == UIDeviceOrientationPortraitUpsideDown) { cx2 = 768.0 * i; viewController.view.frame = CGRectMake(cx2, 0.0 , 768.0f, 926.0f); [viewController repos]; } else { cx2 = 1024.0 * i; viewController.view.frame = CGRectMake(cx2, 0.0 , 1024.0f, 670.0f); [viewController repos]; } } } if((interfaceOrientation == UIInterfaceOrientationPortrait) || (interfaceOrientation == UIInterfaceOrientationPortraitUpsideDown)) { CGRect frame = scrollView.frame; frame.origin.x = 768 * currentPageInScrollview; frame.origin.y = 0; [scrollView scrollRectToVisible:frame animated:NO]; } else { CGRect frame = scrollView.frame; frame.origin.x = 1024 * currentPageInScrollview; [scrollView scrollRectToVisible:frame animated:NO]; } pageControlIsChangingPage = YES; return YES; } - (void)didReceiveMemoryWarning { int currentPage = currentPageInScrollview; NSLog(@"MEMORY"); // unload the views+controllers which are no longer visible UIViewController *l; for (int i = 0; i < [self.viewControllers count]; i++) { ScrollingViewStep* viewController = [self.viewControllers objectAtIndex:i]; if((NSNull *)viewController != [NSNull null]) { if(i < currentPage-1 || i > currentPage+1) { [self.viewControllers replaceObjectAtIndex:i withObject:[NSNull null]]; } } } [super didReceiveMemoryWarning]; }

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  • How to get the last element by date of each "type" in LINQ or TSQL

    - by Mauro
    Imagine to have a table defined as CREATE TABLE [dbo].[Price]( [ID] [int] NOT NULL, [StartDate] [datetime] NOT NULL, [Price] [int] NOT NULL ) where ID is the identifier of an action having a certain Price. This price can be updated if necessary by adding a new line with the same ID, different Price, and a more recent date. So with a set of a data like ID StartDate Price 1 01/01/2009 10 1 01/01/2010 20 2 01/01/2009 10 2 01/01/2010 20 How to obtain a set like the following? 1 01/01/2010 20 2 01/01/2010 20

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  • Simple reminder for Android

    - by anta40
    I'm trying to make a simple timer. package com.anta40.reminder; import java.util.Timer; import java.util.TimerTask; import android.app.Activity; import android.os.Bundle; import android.widget.RadioGroup; import android.widget.TabHost; import android.widget.TextView; import android.widget.RadioGroup.OnCheckedChangeListener; import android.widget.TabHost.TabSpec; public class Reminder extends Activity{ public final int TIMER_DELAY = 1000; public final int TIMER_ONE_MINUTE = 60000; public final int TIMER_ONE_SECOND = 1000; Timer timer; TimerTask task; TextView tv; @Override public void onCreate(Bundle icicle) { super.onCreate(icicle); setContentView(R.layout.main); timer = new Timer(); task = new TimerTask() { @Override public void run() { tv = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.textview1); tv.setText("BOOM!!!!"); tv.setVisibility(TextView.VISIBLE); try { this.wait(TIMER_DELAY); } catch (InterruptedException e){ } tv.setVisibility(TextView.INVISIBLE); } }; TabHost tabs=(TabHost)findViewById(R.id.tabhost); tabs.setup(); TabSpec spec = tabs.newTabSpec("tag1"); spec.setContent(R.id.tab1); spec.setIndicator("Clock"); tabs.addTab(spec); spec=tabs.newTabSpec("tag2"); spec.setContent(R.id.tab2); spec.setIndicator("Settings"); tabs.addTab(spec); tabs.setCurrentTab(0); RadioGroup rgroup = (RadioGroup) findViewById(R.id.rgroup); rgroup.setOnCheckedChangeListener(new OnCheckedChangeListener() { @Override public void onCheckedChanged(RadioGroup group, int checkedId) { if (checkedId == R.id.om){ timer.schedule(task, TIMER_DELAY, 3*TIMER_ONE_SECOND); } else if (checkedId == R.id.twm){ timer.schedule(task, TIMER_DELAY, 6*TIMER_ONE_SECOND); } else if (checkedId == R.id.thm){ timer.schedule(task, TIMER_DELAY, 9*TIMER_ONE_SECOND); } } }); } } Each time I click a radio button, the timer should start, right? But why it doesn't start?

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  • Android Drawable question.

    - by Tarmon
    Hey Everyone, I am trying to create a drawable in code and change the color based on some criteria. I can get it to work but it doesn't want to let me set the padding on the view. Any help would be appreciated. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <ImageView android:id="@+id/icon" android:layout_width="50px" android:layout_height="fill_parent" /> <TextView android:id="@+id/label" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:paddingLeft="17px" android:textSize="28sp" /> ImageView icon = (ImageView) row.findViewById(R.id.icon); ShapeDrawable mDrawable; int x = 0; int y = 0; int width = 50; int height = 50; float[] outerR = new float[] { 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12 }; mDrawable = new ShapeDrawable(new RoundRectShape(outerR, null, null)); mDrawable.setBounds(x, y+height, x + width, y); switch(position){ case 0: mDrawable.getPaint().setColor(0xffff0000); //Red break; case 1: mDrawable.getPaint().setColor(0xffff0000); //Red break; case 2: mDrawable.getPaint().setColor(0xff00c000); //Green break; case 3: mDrawable.getPaint().setColor(0xff00c000); //Green break; case 4: mDrawable.getPaint().setColor(0xff0000ff); //Blue break; case 5: mDrawable.getPaint().setColor(0xff0000ff); //Blue break; case 6: mDrawable.getPaint().setColor(0xff696969); //Gray break; case 7: mDrawable.getPaint().setColor(0xff696969); //Gray break; case 8: mDrawable.getPaint().setColor(0xffffff00); //Yellow break; case 9: mDrawable.getPaint().setColor(0xff8b4513); //Brown break; case 10: mDrawable.getPaint().setColor(0xff8b4513); //Brown break; case 11: mDrawable.getPaint().setColor(0xff8b4513); //Brown break; case 12: mDrawable.getPaint().setColor(0xffa020f0); //Purple break; case 13: mDrawable.getPaint().setColor(0xffff0000); //Red break; case 14: mDrawable.getPaint().setColor(0xffffd700); //Gold break; case 15: mDrawable.getPaint().setColor(0xffff6600); //Orange break; } icon.setBackgroundDrawable(mDrawable); icon.setPadding(5, 5, 5, 5); If I set the padding in XML it just ignores it. Thanks, Rob

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  • How do I use unsafe values in an enum?

    - by Jon Tackabury
    I need to use this enum in my C# application, but it won't let me use these values. When I specify the type as uint I can use the -1 value, and when I specify int I can't use the last 2 values. Is there a way to use the unchecked keyword here to allow me to define all of these values? These values are coming from an external source, so I can't change them. internal enum MyValues : int { value1 = -1, value2 = 0, value3 = 0x80000000, value4 = 0xFFFFFFFF }

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