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• Securely executing system commands as sudo from PHP

  - by Aydin Hassan

  Is it possible? I have written a command line tool in PHP for creating new environments for our company. It creates system users, directories, databases, VHosts and restarts apache, amongst other things. These commands require sudo privileges. I thought it might be a nice idea to have a web-interface for it, to make it easier for other non-developers to use. The web app would be behind authentication. When running from the command line I just run sudo tool.php, obviously I can't do this from a web app. How could I do this securely? Giving the apache user sudo access seems silly, as this would means all sites hosted on the box (eg all our environments) would have sudo access. Is it possible to make this tool run under a different user? this user could have sudo privileges for only the commands I need? How do things like plesk and cPanel do this? Any thoughts?

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• Why is my global security group being filtered out of my logon token?

  - by Jay Michaud

  While investigating the effects of filtered tokens on my file permissions, I noticed that one of my global security groups is being filtered in addition to the regular system-defined filtered groups. My Active Directory environment is a single-domain forest on the Windows Server 2003 functional level. I'll call the domain "mydomain.example.com". I am logged onto a Windows Server 2008 Enterprise Edition machine (not a domain controller) as a member of the "MYDOMAIN\Domain Admins" group and the "MYDOMAIN\MySecurityGroup" global security group (among others). When I run "whoami /groups" from an elevated command prompt, I see the full list of groups to which my account belongs as expected. When I run "whoami /groups" from a regular, non-elevated command prompt, I see the same list of groups, but the following groups are described as "Group used for deny only". BUILTIN\Administrators MYDOMAIN\Schema Admins MYDOMAIN\Offer Remote Assistance Helpers MYDOMAIN\MySecurityGroup Numbers 1 through 3 above are expected based on Microsoft documentation; number 4 is not. The "MYDOMAIN\MySecurityGroup" global security group is a group that I created. It contains three non-built-in global security groups, and these security groups contain only non-built-in user accounts. (That is, I created all of the accounts and groups that are members of the "MYDOMAIN\MySecurityGroup" global security group.) There are other, similar groups of which my account is a member that are not being filtered out of my logon token, and this group is not granted any specific user rights in the security settings of this computer or in Group Policy. What would cause this one group to be filtered out of my logon token?

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• NTBackup Error: C: is not a valid drive

  - by Chris

  I'm trying to use NtBackup to back up the C: Drive on a Microsoft Windows Small Business Server 2003 machine and get the following error in the log file: Backup Status Operation: Backup Active backup destination: 4mm DDS Media name: "Media created 04/02/2011 at 21:56" Error: The device reported an error on a request to read data from media. Error reported: Invalid command. There may be a hardware or media problem. Please check the system event log for relevant failures. Error: C: is not a valid drive, or you do not have access. The operation did not successfully complete. I'm using a brand new SATA Quantum Dat-72 drive with a brand new tape (tried a couple of tapes). I carry out the following: Open NTBackup Select Backup Tab Tick the box next to C: Ensure Destination is 4mm DDS Media is set to New Press Start Backup Choose Replace the data on the media and press Start Backup NTBackup tries to mount the media Error Message shows: The device reported an error on a request to read data from media. Error reported: INvalid command. There may be a hardware or media problem. Please check the system event log for relevant failures. On checking the log I find the following: Event Type: Information Event Source: NTBackup Event Category: None Event ID: 8018 Date: 04/02/2011 Time: 22:02:02 User: N/A Computer: SERVER Description: Begin Operation For more information, see Help and Support Center at http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/events.asp. and then; Event Type: Information Event Source: NTBackup Event Category: None Event ID: 8019 Date: 04/02/2011 Time: 22:02:59 User: N/A Computer: SERVER Description: End Operation: The operation was successfully completed. Consult the backup report for more details. For more information, see Help and Support Center at http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/events.asp.

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• Oracle Database Recovery Problem

  - by Palani

  I am very new to Oracle, and trying to restore a oracle 8i database on win 2000 server. I have one week old database backup (backup taken with exp command), and i want to restore it now. Now I am unable to login through sqlplus (got shutdown in progress error) I have a backup and i want to restore it, but oracle is not starting at all, and 'imp' command is failing. I started sqlplus / as sysdba and following is the log of what i am trying to do. Can some one guide me further. SQL> shutdown immediate; ORA-01109: database not open Database dismounted. ORACLE instance shut down. SQL> startup; ORACLE instance started. Total System Global Area 143423516 bytes Fixed Size 75804 bytes Variable Size 58105856 bytes Database Buffers 85164032 bytes Redo Buffers 77824 bytes Database mounted. ORA-01589: must use RESETLOGS or NORESETLOGS option for database open SQL> shutdown immediate; ORA-01109: database not open Database dismounted. ORACLE instance shut down. SQL> startup mount; ORACLE instance started. Total System Global Area 143423516 bytes Fixed Size 75804 bytes Variable Size 58105856 bytes Database Buffers 85164032 bytes Redo Buffers 77824 bytes Database mounted. SQL> alter database open; alter database open * ERROR at line 1: ORA-01589: must use RESETLOGS or NORESETLOGS option for database open SQL> alter database open resetlogs; alter database open resetlogs * ERROR at line 1: ORA-01245: offline file 1 will be lost if RESETLOGS is done ORA-01110: data file 1: 'C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\ABCD\SYSTEM01.DBF'

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• Why do my backup fail when I target a network share hosted by a Synology DS211 disk station?

  - by Larry

  My backups are failing when I try to use a network share hosted by a Synology DS211 disk station. They work fine if I target a different network share (i.e. \server1\data\larry). When I run the following command: Wbadmin start backup -backupTarget:\\diskstation\backup-larry -include:C: This is what I get: wbadmin 1.0 - Backup command-line tool (C) Copyright 2004 Microsoft Corp. Note: The backed up data cannot be securely protected at this destination. Backups stored on a remote shared folder might be accessible by other people on the network. You should only save your backups to a location where you trust the other users who have access to the location or on a network that has additional security precautions in place. Retrieving volume information... This will back up volume WIN7(C:) to \\diskstation\backup-larry. Do you want to start the backup operation? [Y] Yes [N] No y Note: The list of volumes included for backup does not include all the volumes that contain operating system components. This backup cannot be used to perform a system recovery. However, you can recover other items if the destination media type supports it. The backup operation to \\diskstation\backup-larry is starting. Creating a shadow copy of the volumes specified for backup... Creating a shadow copy of the volumes specified for backup... The backup operation stopped before completing. Summary of the backup operation: ------------------ The backup operation stopped before completing. Detailed error: Access is denied. Windows Backup failed to write the file: '<backup location>\WindowsImageBackup\<Computer Name>\MediaId'. Access is denied. The backup creates the following path \\diskstation\backup-larry\WindowsImageBackup\LARRY-MYDOMAIN\ but its empty. I definitely have read/write access on the target directory (\diskstation\backup-larry). I have verified this by looking at the permission and by actually copying files to this location. Any suggestions?

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• guest crash on long backup via rsync

  - by ToreTrygg

  I recently upgraded host to Ubuntu 9.10 with vmware server 2.0.2, i had two guest machine. One is a sme server i had several crash during a session of backup with rsync to another pc. Normal activities run regularly. The other guest is up without problem since 25 days. I found in the log a lot o f row like these Dec 20 05:29:27.445: vcpu-1| VLANCE: Ethernet0 skipped 2560 time(s) Dec 20 05:29:27.445: vcpu-1| VLANCE: 66 12 5 8 2 3 3 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 2 0 Dec 20 05:29:27.445: vcpu-1| VLANCE: 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 2452 Dec 20 05:29:27.651: vmx| ide0:0: Command WRITE(10) took 1.947 seconds (ok) Dec 20 05:29:37.945: vmx| ide0:0: Command WRITE(10) took 1.033 seconds (ok) when the vitual machine crash the log report, I paste here only some part to limit the lenght of the message Dec 27 01:48:05.686: Worker#2| Caught signal 6 -- tid 700 Dec 27 01:48:05.686: Worker#2| SIGNAL: eip 0x460422 esp 0xb124c024 ebp 0xb124c03 Dec 27 01:48:05.712: Worker#2| SymBacktrace12 00000000 eip 0x39d7ee in function clone in object /lib/tls/i686/cmov/libc.so.6 loaded at 0x2d1000 Dec 27 01:48:05.719: Worker#2| Unexpected signal: 6. Dec 27 01:48:05.720: Worker#2| Core dump limit is 0 KB. Dec 27 01:48:05.762: Worker#2| Child process 10455 failed to dump core (status 0 x6). Dec 27 01:48:05.762: Worker#2|SymBacktrace13 00000000 eip 0x39d7ee in function clone in object /lib/tls/i686/cmov/libc.so.6 loaded at 0x2d1000 Dec 27 01:48:05.779: Worker#2|Msg_Post: Error Dec 27 01:48:05.780: Worker#2|http://msg.log.error.unrecoverable VMware Server unrecoverable error: (Worker#2) Dec 27 01:48:05.780: Worker#2|Unexpected signal: 6. I have no idea how to solve the problem with this installation, I think to dowgrade the host to a version more compatible with vmware server 2. I read a lot of post about difficult of installation I think the problem of compilation during install could be related to my problem. Excuse me if the post isn't very clear, it's my first post here. Any help or suggest will be appreciated. Thanks

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• can't backup to a NAS drive as offline schedule task

  - by imageng

  I have seen this problem issue discussed in several forums including this one, but could not find a solution. On MS server 2003 I configured a Backup task, the target backup is on a NAS disc (Seagate BlackArmor NAS 110). The backup task is working well as a scheduled task or by a direct command, when I am logged on. It is not working when the user is offline (in this case - Administrator). I already tried the following actions: 1) addressing to the target as network drive (Y:location..), 2)Using UNC instead, 3) making the drive a domain member (the NAS admin S/W allows to define itself as a domain member) The result log message for 1 and 2 is: "The operation was not performed because the specified media cannot be found." The result log message for 3 is empty file. The schedule task "RUN" command is: C:\WINDOWS\system32\ntbackup.exe backup "@C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator\Local Settings\Application Data\Microsoft\Windows NT\NTBackup\data\de-board.bks" /a /d "Set created 2/14/2010 at 5:10 PM" /v:yes /r:no /rs:no /hc:off /m incremental /j "de-board" /l:s /f "\10.0.0.8\public\Backups\IBMServer\de-board.bkf" 10.0.0.8 is the static IP of the NAS. "Run only if logged on" is NOT marked. Password of the administrator user is set. It is obvious that there is no access to the NAS when the user is logged-out. Do you have any idea how can I solve it? Thanks

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• How to install Red Hat Enterprise Linux on Apple Macbook Pro MacBookPro4,1

  - by Todd V. Rovito

  I have a one year old Mac Book Pro that I am trying to get RHEL 5.4 installed on via bootcamp. No matter what I do I can't get the installer to boot. I have tried multiple DVD's and even verified the install works on a new Mac Book Pro. Most of the time the installer simply locks up. I usually use Linux text with all-generic-ide on the boot line. I removed the ide parameter and I just used linux text. The results I get are that a bunch of kernel messages appear then the background turns blue and a thin text box pops up saying its loading ata..... something it disappears too fast for me to read. Then the machine freezes. I pressed the alt function keys to see if I could look at the system log, here is what it says: Alt-f3 says "trying to mount CD device hda" Alt-f4 says status error: hda: lastFailedSense Hda: Failed opcode was: unknown Hda: Lost interrupt Hda: Drive not ready for command Ide-cd: command 0x3 timed out Above this junk it looks like it found the partition because it knew it was 20 GB and listed as /dev/sda3. I think it has something to do with the CD drive, is that possible? Thanks again for the support. PS I posted in the apple support forums ( Apple.com Support Discussions Boot Camp Installation and Storage) and didn't get an answer.

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• publickey authentication only works with existing ssh session

  - by aaron

  publickey authentication only works for me if I've already got one ssh session open. I am trying to log into a host running Ubuntu 10.10 desktop with publickey authentication, and it fails when I first log in: [me@my-laptop:~]$ ssh -vv host ... debug1: Next authentication method: publickey debug1: Offering public key: /Users/me/.ssh/id_rsa ... debug2: we did not send a packet, disable method debug1: Next authentication method: password me@hosts's password: And the /var/log/auth.log output: Jan 16 09:57:11 host sshd[1957]: reverse mapping checking getaddrinfo for cpe-70-114-155-20.austin.res.rr.com [70.114.155.20] failed - POSSIBLE BREAK-IN ATTEMPT! Jan 16 09:57:13 host sshd[1957]: pam_sm_authenticate: Called Jan 16 09:57:13 host sshd[1957]: pam_sm_authenticate: username = [astacy] Jan 16 09:57:13 host sshd[1959]: Passphrase file wrapped Jan 16 09:57:15 host sshd[1959]: Error attempting to add filename encryption key to user session keyring; rc = [1] Jan 16 09:57:15 host sshd[1957]: Accepted password for astacy from 70.114.155.20 port 42481 ssh2 Jan 16 09:57:15 host sshd[1957]: pam_unix(sshd:session): session opened for user astacy by (uid=0) Jan 16 09:57:20 host sudo: astacy : TTY=pts/0 ; PWD=/home/astacy ; USER=root ; COMMAND=/usr/bin/tail -f /var/log/auth.log The strange thing is that once I've got this first login session, I run the exact same ssh command, and publickey authentication works: [me@my-laptop:~]$ ssh -vv host ... debug1: Server accepts key: pkalg ssh-rsa blen 277 ... [me@host:~]$ And the /var/log/auth.log output is: Jan 16 09:59:11 host sshd[2061]: reverse mapping checking getaddrinfo for cpe-70-114-155-20.austin.res.rr.com [70.114.155.20] failed - POSSIBLE BREAK-IN ATTEMPT! Jan 16 09:59:11 host sshd[2061]: Accepted publickey for astacy from 70.114.155.20 port 39982 ssh2 Jan 16 09:59:11 host sshd[2061]: pam_unix(sshd:session): session opened for user astacy by (uid=0) What do I need to do to make publickey authentication work on the first login? NOTE: When I installed Ubuntu 10.10, I checked the 'encrypt home folder' option. I'm wondering if this has something to do with the log message "Error attempting to add filename encryption key to user session keyring"

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• ssh connection operation timed out using rsync

  - by Mark Molina

  I use rsync to backup my remote server on my local device but when I combine it with a cron job my ssh times out. Just to be clear, the data is stored on a remote server and I want it stored on my local server. The backup request must be sent from my local server to the remote server. The command for backup up the data is working when I just type it in terminal like this: rsync -chavzP --stats USERNAME@IPADDRES: PATH_TO_BACKUP LOCAL_PATH_TO_BACKUP but when I combine it with a cron job like this: 10 11 * * * rsync -chavzP --stats USERNAME@IP_ADDRESS: PATH_TO_BACKUP LOCAL_PATH_TO_BACKUP the ssh connection times out. When the cronjob executes it send a mail to the root user with the output like this: From local.xx.xx.xx Tue Jul 2 11:20:17 2013 X-Original-To: username Delivered-To: [email protected] From: [email protected] (Cron Daemon) To: [email protected] Subject: Cron <username@server> rsync -chavzP --stats USERNAME@IPADDRES: PATH_TO_BACKUP LOCAL_PATH_TO_BACKUP X-Cron-Env: <SHELL=/bin/sh> X-Cron-Env: <PATH=/usr/bin:/bin> X-Cron-Env: <LOGNAME=username> X-Cron-Env: <USER=username> X-Cron-Env: <HOME=/Users/username> Date: Tue, 2 Jul 2013 11:20:17 +0200 (CEST) ssh: connect to host IP_ADDRESS port XX: Operation timed out rsync: connection unexpectedly closed (0 bytes received so far) [receiver] rsync error: unexplained error (code 255) at /SourceCache/rsync/rsync-42/rsync/io.c(452) [receiver=2.6.9] So the rsync command is working when just typed in terminal but not when used by a cronjob. Can anybody explain this?

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• Wget save cookies not working

  - by TrymBeast

  I've been trying to login in the pyload through the web api, but wget is not saving the cookies and I don't understand why. I'm using the following command: wget --delete-after --keep-session-cookies --save-cookies=my_cookies.txt --post-data="username=USERNAME&password=PASSWORD" http://localhost:8000/api/login But the content of my_cookies.txt is: # HTTP cookie file. # Generated by Wget on 2012-06-23 22:31:33. # Edit at your own risk. When I run the same command but in debug mode I get the following output that includes the set cookie in the header response: DEBUG output created by Wget 1.10.2 (Red Hat modified) on linux-gnueabi. --22:31:11-- http://localhost:8000/api/login Resolving localhost... 127.0.0.1 Caching localhost => 127.0.0.1 Connecting to localhost|127.0.0.1|:8000... connected. Created socket 3. Releasing 0x000504d0 (new refcount 1). ---request begin--- POST /api/login HTTP/1.0 User-Agent: Wget/1.10.2 (Red Hat modified) Accept: */* Host: localhost:8000 Connection: Keep-Alive Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded Content-Length: 32 ---request end--- [POST data: username=USERNAME&password=PASSWORD] HTTP request sent, awaiting response... ---response begin--- HTTP/1.1 200 OK Content-Length: 34 Content-Type: application/json Cache-Control: no-cache, must-revalidate Set-cookie: beaker.session.id=405390ddc809efed54820638c95d7997; expires=Tue, 19-Jan-2038 04:14:07 GMT; Path=/ Connection: Keep-Alive Date: Sat, 23 Jun 2012 21:31:11 GMT Server: CherryPy/3.1.2 WSGI Server ---response end--- 200 OK hs->local_file is: login (not existing) Registered socket 3 for persistent reuse. TEXTHTML is on. Length: 34 [application/json] Saving to: `login' 100%[=======================================>] 34 --.-K/s in 0s 22:31:11 (1.28 MB/s) - `login' saved [34/34] Removing file due to --delete-after in main(): Removing login. Saving cookies to my_cookies.txt. Done saving cookies. Can anyone tell me what am I doing wrong? Thanks in advance!

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• Mercurial internal Setup on Windows 7 - Exception happened during processing of request from ...

  - by Sad0w1nL1ght

  Hy, i have 1 central repository and many locals. On my machine i have local and a central repository too. I can make clone/commit/update/push/pull very easy between the local and central repository on my local machine. but when i want to make a clone from another machine it gets an error. listening at http://MyLocalMachine:8000/ (bound to *:8000) ---------------------------------------- Exception happened during processing of request from ('192.168.0.194', 49319) Traceback (most recent call last): File "SocketServer.pyc", line 558, in process_request_thread File "SocketServer.pyc", line 320, in finish_request File "mercurial\hgweb\server.pyc", line 47, in __init__ File "SocketServer.pyc", line 615, in __init__ File "BaseHTTPServer.pyc", line 329, in handle File "BaseHTTPServer.pyc", line 323, in handle_one_request File "mercurial\hgweb\server.pyc", line 79, in do_GET File "mercurial\hgweb\server.pyc", line 70, in do_POST File "mercurial\hgweb\server.pyc", line 63, in do_write File "mercurial\hgweb\server.pyc", line 127, in do_hgweb File "mercurial\hgweb\hgweb_mod.pyc", line 86, in __call__ File "mercurial\hgweb\hgweb_mod.pyc", line 118, in run_wsgi ErrorResponse ---------------------------------------- The command line wich started the central repo: hg serve -R TT -n TTZoli The command from remote machine for cloning: hg clone --pull http://MyLocalMachine:8000/TT Config for the central repo: [ui] username = MyLocalUserName username = test <[email protected]> with this user i'm trying to acces the central repo [web] push_ssl = false Config for the remote repo: [ui] username = test <[email protected]> [web] push_ssl = false I'm not sure if it's relevant,my firewall is turned off on both machines, and the files in /hg folder are not versioned on the server, except hgignore. Could you please suggest some ideas? What could be the problem? Thanks in advance!

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• How to configure a shortcut for an SSH connection through a SSH tunnel

  - by Simone Carletti

  My company production servers (FOO, BAR...) are located behind two gateway servers (A, B). In order to connect to server FOO, I have to open a ssh connection with server A or B with my username JOHNDOE, then from A (or B) I can access any production server opening a SSH connection with a standard username (let's call it WEBBY). So, each time I have to do something like: ssh johndoe@a ... ssh webby@foo ... # now I can work on the server As you can imagine, this is a hassle when I need to use scp or if I need to quickly open multiple connections. I have configured a ssh key and also I'm using .ssh/config for some shortcuts. I was wondering if I can create some kind of ssh configuration in order to type ssh foo and let SSH open/forward all the connections for me. Is it possible? Edit womble's answer is exactly what I was looking for but it seems right now I can't use netcat because it's not installed on the gateway server. weppos:~ weppos$ ssh foo -vv OpenSSH_5.1p1, OpenSSL 0.9.7l 28 Sep 2006 debug1: Reading configuration data /Users/xyz/.ssh/config debug1: Applying options for foo debug1: Reading configuration data /etc/ssh_config debug2: ssh_connect: needpriv 0 debug1: Executing proxy command: exec ssh a nc -w 3 foo 22 debug1: permanently_drop_suid: 501 debug1: identity file /Users/xyz/.ssh/identity type -1 debug2: key_type_from_name: unknown key type '-----BEGIN' debug2: key_type_from_name: unknown key type 'Proc-Type:' debug2: key_type_from_name: unknown key type 'DEK-Info:' debug2: key_type_from_name: unknown key type '-----END' debug1: identity file /Users/xyz/.ssh/id_rsa type 1 debug2: key_type_from_name: unknown key type '-----BEGIN' debug2: key_type_from_name: unknown key type 'Proc-Type:' debug2: key_type_from_name: unknown key type 'DEK-Info:' debug2: key_type_from_name: unknown key type '-----END' debug1: identity file /Users/xyz/.ssh/id_dsa type 2 bash: nc: command not found ssh_exchange_identification: Connection closed by remote host

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• Why won't this script accept any arguments?

  - by Nate Wagar

  I'm trying to write an SVN post-commit hook and, strangely, am getting hung up on what should be the easiest part. The Script: set REPO="$1" set REV="$2" set SVNBIN="/opt/CollabNet_Subversion/bin/" set SSHBIN="/usr/bin/ssh" set HOST="staging.domain.net" set timeout=30 set USERNAME="svn-usr" set E_NO_CONNECT=2 set E_WRONG_PASS=3 set E_UNKOWN=25 set CHANGED=`"$SVNBIN"svnlook changed --revision $REV $REPOS` echo "Here are changes: $CHANGED" >> /var/svn/repos/www/logs/testing echo "Command: $0; Repo: $REPO; Rev: $REV; Total: $#" >> /var/svn/repos/www/logs/testing set PROJECT "" Yet when I call it, it doesn't seem to be seeing the arguments I pass to it: /var/svn/repos/www/logs> sudo ../hooks/post-commit /var/svn/repos/www 33 svnlook: missing argument: --revision Type 'svnlook help' for usage. /var/svn/repos/www/logs> cat testing Here are changes: Command: ../hooks/post-commit; Repo: ; Rev: ; Total: 1 This is on a Solaris 10 SPARC box. I'm a bit of a script newbie, but shouldn't this be really easy??

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• Rebuild Fedora 19 ISO adding Kickstart for USB install

  - by dooffas

  I am attempting to edit a Fedora 19 DVD ISO to add a kickstart file. I then need this ISO burnt to a USB stick for instillation. The error I get when booting is Warning: Could not boot. Warning: /dev/root does not exist To try and determine which part of the process is failing I have broken the process down in to separate stages. Step 1: Burn the original ISO "Fedora-19-x86_64-DVD.iso" (Available - here) to a pendrive and see if that will install. dd if=/path/to/iso of=/dev/sdc Burning this image was successful and it installed without issue. Step 2: Exctract the ISO, repackage it and burn it to a pendrive and see if that will install. PLEASE NOTE: The final command in this section has been broken down in to multiple lines for ease of reading, in fact it was run as a single command on one line. mkdir -p /mnt/linux mount -o loop /tmp/linux-install.iso /mnt/linux cd /mnt/ tar -cvf - linux | (cd /var/tmp/ && tar -xf - ) cd /var/tmp/linux xorriso -as mkisofs -R -J -V "NewFedoraImage" -o ouput/file.iso -b isolinux/isolinux.bin -c isolinux/boot.cat -no-emul-boot -boot-load-size 4 -boot-info-table -isohybrid-mbr /usr/share/syslinux/isohdpfx.bin . This iso was then burnt to a pendrive as before. dd if=/path/to/iso of=/dev/sdc This ISO burnt to the pen drive with no problem and will boot. I then see the fedora options screen. After choosing either "Install Fedora 19" or "Test this media & install Fedora 19" I then receive the errors highlighted above. This means the kickstart file is not to blame, but repackaging the ISO. Is there something I am missing in the repackaging process? Any input would be great! NOTE: If it is of any help, I attempted Step 2 with an Ubuntu server ISO and the process was successful.

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• Mac OS X Disk Encryption - Automation

  - by jfm429

  I want to setup a Mac Mini server with an external drive that is encrypted. In Finder, I can use the full-disk encryption option. However, for multiple users, this could become tricky. What I want to do is encrypt the external volume, then set things up so that when the machine boots, the disk is unlocked so that all users can access it. Of course permissions need to be maintained, but that goes without saying. What I'm thinking of doing is setting up a root-level launchd script that runs once on boot and unlocks the disk. The encryption keys would probably be stored in root's keychain. So here's my list of concerns: If I store the encryption keys in the system keychain, then the file in /private/var/db/SystemKey could be used to unlock the keychain if an attacker ever gained physical access to the server. this is bad. If I store the encryption keys in my user keychain, I have to manually run the command with my password. This is undesirable. If I run a launchd script with my user credentials, it will run under my user account but won't have access to the keychain, defeating the purpose. If root has a keychain (does it?) then how would it be decrypted? Would it remain locked until the password was entered (like the user keychain) or would it have the same problem as the system keychain, with keys stored on the drive and accessible with physical access? Assuming all of the above works, I've found diskutil coreStorage unlockVolume which seems to be the appropriate command, but the details of where to store the encryption key is the biggest problem. If the system keychain is not secure enough, and user keychains require a password, what's the best option?

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• Break all hardlinks within a folder

  - by Georges Dupéron

  I have a folder which contains a certain number of files which have hard links (in the same folder or somewhere else), and I want to de-hardlink these files, so they become independant, and changes to their contents won't affect any other file (their link count becomes 1). Below, I give a solution which basically copies each hard link to another location, then move it back in place. However this method seems rather crude and error-prone, so I'd like to know if there is some command which will de-hardlink a file for me. Crude answer : Find files which have hard links (Edit: To also find sockets, etc. that have hardlinks, use find -not -type d -links +1) : find -type f -links +1 A crude method to de-hardlink a file (copy it to another location, and move it back) : Edit: As Celada said, it's best to do a cp -p below, to avoid loosing timestamps and permissions. Edit: Create a temporary directory and copy to a file under it, instead of overwriting a temp file, it minimizes the risk to overwrite some data, though the mv command is still risky (thanks @Tobu). # This is unhardlink.sh set -e for i in "$@"; do temp="$(mktemp -d ./hardlnk-XXXXXXXX)" [ -e "$temp" ] && cp -ip "$i" "$temp/tempcopy" && mv "$temp/tempcopy" "$i" && rmdir "$temp" done So, to un-hardlink all hard links (Edit: changed -type f to -not -type d, see above) : find -not -type d -links +1 -print0 | xargs -0 unhardlink.sh

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• SSH client not showing prompt after successful login

  - by user431949

  I'm having problems with my SSH client on Ubuntu 10.10. When I switch on my computer and open a Terminal and execute the command ssh user@host, it gives me a password prompt after which I enter the right password, I then get a prompt to execute my commands on the remote computer. Now the problem is, after a little while (probably around 10 minutes), the terminal window stops accepting commands (No matter what I type, nothing shows). Once this happens, I close the Terminal window and try to start all over again by opening another Terminal window. But this time around, after entering the right password, I don't get a welcome message or prompt. The cursor just keeps blinking on a new line. I ran the ssh command with -v parameter and the message I get after a successful login is: debug1: Authentication succeeded (password). debug1: channel 0: new [client-session] debug1: Entering interactive session. debug1: Sending environment. debug1: Sending env LANG = en_GB.utf8 Still the cursor keeps blinking on a new line without a prompt. However, Putty SSH client works perfectly on the same machine. Thank you very much for your time. Your help would be greating appreciated.

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• Automate creation of Windows startup script?

  - by Niten

  Is there a good way to automate installing local startup (rather than login) scripts in Windows XP and Windows 7, via the command line, WMI, or otherwise (even COM or Win32 if it comes to that)? I need to setup a local startup script on a large number of computers, and unfortunately, Active Directory is absolutely not an option. I would like to write a script or small program that I can run on each computer to perform the startup script installation in order to save myself a lot of error-prone point-and-click manual labor. I see that when one uses gpedit.msc to create a local startup script, information about the script gets stored in the registry here: HKLM\Software\Policies\Microsoft\Windows\System\Scripts\Startup However, if you create such a script and then delete its registry key, the script will remain listed in the local Group Policy editor; as is so often the case in Windows, apparently there is more going on there than meets the eye. This leads me to question whether it's safe to manually add subkeys for new startup scripts here (I wouldn't want my script to be overwritten by later changes made using the local Group Policy editor, for instance)... Another option that's occurred to me is to create an item in the Task Scheduler configured to run at system startup. However, my concerns there are twofold: Can this be automated any more easily? For instance, the at command doesn't appear to let you schedule a task for system startup, and WMI's Win32_ScheduledJob interface looks unreliable (it fails to show any of my currently scheduled tasks, for one thing). Would I be able to prevent users from logging in until the scheduled startup task is completed, as can be done with "normal" Windows startup scripts? Thanks in advance for any suggestions, I've been banging my head against this one for a bit...

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• Is there an SSL equivelent to an ssh agent?

  - by Matthew J Morrison

  Here is my situation: There are a number of developers who all need to have access to be able to install ruby gems and python eggs from a remote source. Currently, we have a server inside our firewall that hosts the gems and eggs. We now want the ability to be able to install things hosted on that server outside of our firewall. Since some of the gems and eggs that we host are proprietary I would like to somewhat lock access to that machine down, as unobtrusively as possible to the developers. My first thought was using something like ssh keys. So, I spent some time looking at SSL mutual authentication. I was able to get everything set up and working correctly, testing with curl, but the unfortunate thing was that I had to pass extra arguments to curl so it knows about the certificate, key and certificate authority. I was wondering if there is anything like the ssh agent that I can set up to provide that information automatically so that I can push the certificates and keys to the developer's machines so the developers don't have to log in or provide keys each time they try to install something. Another thing that I want to avoid is having to modify the 'gem' command and the 'pip' command to provide keys when they make the http connection. Any other suggestions that may solve this problem (not related to ssl mutual auth) are also welcome. EDIT: I've been continuing to research this and I came across stunnel. I think this may be what I'm looking for, any feedback regarding stunnel would also be great!

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• Cisco Router - Add a missing MIB file

  - by Jonathan Rioux

  I have a Cisco 881w, and I would like to setup NBAR in my NetFlow Analyzer. But it says that my router misses this MIB in order to allow NFA to poll the router with snmp to get NBAR infos. From the FAQ page of the NetFlow Analyzer website, it responds to my error: Q. I am able to issue the command "ip nbar protocol-discovery" on the router and see the results. But NFA says my router does not support NBAR, Why? A. Earlier version of IOS supports NBAR discovery only on router. So you can very well execute the command "ip nbar protocol-discovery" on the router and see the results. But NBAR Protocol Discovery MIB(CISCO-NBAR-PROTOCOL-DISCOVERY-MIB) support came only on later releases. This is needed for collecting data via SNMP. Please verify that whether your router IOS supports CISCO-NBAR-PROTOCOL-DISCOVERY-MIB. The missing MIB is: CISCO-NBAR-PROTOCOL-DISCOVERY-MIB I found it here: ftp://ftp.cisco.com/pub/mibs/v2/CISCO-NBAR-PROTOCOL-DISCOVERY-MIB.my But how can I add this MIB into the router? The IOS of my router is: c880data-universalk9-mz.151-3.T1.bin

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• Linux commands shows different results

  - by ClydeFrog

  I'm really having a hard time to process these results on my Ubuntu server. I have a major problem with my JBoss server where I get FileNotFoundExceptions along with "No space left on device" errors. And I thought "maybe I'm out of disk space", and used df command to figure out how much I have left: root@ubuntu1:/# df -h Filsystem Storlek Anvnt Tillg Anv% Monterat på /dev/mapper/ubuntu1-root 36G 13G 21G 38% / none 2,0G 192K 2,0G 1% /dev none 2,0G 0 2,0G 0% /dev/shm none 2,0G 64K 2,0G 1% /var/run none 2,0G 0 2,0G 0% /var/lock /dev/sda1 228M 23M 193M 11% /boot /dev/mapper/vgdata-lvdata 79G 9,2G 66G 13% /data And as you can see, I have plenty of space left. And I also checked if I'm out of i-nodes: root@ubuntu1:/# df -i Filsystem Inoder IAnv IFria IAnv% Monterat på /dev/mapper/ubuntu1-root 2346512 61992 2284520 3% / none 505380 773 504607 1% /dev none 507383 1 507382 1% /dev/shm none 507383 30 507353 1% /var/run none 507383 2 507381 1% /var/lock /dev/sda1 124496 230 124266 1% /boot /dev/mapper/vgdata-lvdata 10486784 233945 10252839 3% /data But then i used du: root@ubuntu1:/# du -s -h /* 7,5M /bin 23M /boot 19G /data 192K /dev 11G /eniro 5,3M /etc 112K /home 0 /initrd.img 183M /lib 0 /lib64 16K /lost+found 12K /media 4,0K /mnt 4,0K /opt du: kan inte komma åt "/proc/20452/task/20452/fd/3": Filen eller katalogen finns inte du: kan inte komma åt "/proc/20452/task/20452/fdinfo/3": Filen eller katalogen finns inte du: kan inte komma åt "/proc/20452/fd/3": Filen eller katalogen finns inte du: kan inte komma åt "/proc/20452/fdinfo/3": Filen eller katalogen finns inte 0 /proc 18M /root 8,2M /sbin 4,0K /selinux 8,0K /srv 0 /sys 40K /tmp 691M /usr 1,2G /var 0 /vmlinuz Notice that /data and /eniro are 30G combined! How is it possible? Do I have a memory leak somewhere? Or is it something else? ----- EDIT 1 ----- Ok, I figured out that /data has its own mount so it's not possible to combine /data and /eniro because they aren't on the same mount. But how come it says 9,2G on the first command when it says 19G on the third on directory /data?

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• Unable to receive emails from Ubuntu postfix mail server

  - by Paddington

  I am unable to receive emails on an Ubuntu 11.04 server running postfix with the Plesk control panel. I can't see the mails even on webmail. I am able to send emails and am not getting any error messages on the email client when I try to receive. Here is the output of the logs: *tail -f /usr/local/psa/var/log/maillog Aug 29 10:38:31 cp9 postfix/tlsmgr[3811]: fatal: open database /var/lib/postfix/smtpd_scache.db: Invalid argument Aug 29 10:38:32 cp9 postfix/master[27738]: warning: process /usr/lib/postfix/tlsmgr pid 3811 exit status 1 Aug 29 10:38:32 cp9 postfix/master[27738]: warning: /usr/lib/postfix/tlsmgr: bad command startup -- throttling Aug 29 10:38:36 cp9 pop3d: Connection, ip=[::ffff:196.201.7.158] Aug 29 10:38:36 cp9 pop3d: IMAP connect from @ [::ffff:196.201.7.158]INFO: LOGIN, [email protected], ip=[::ffff:196.201.7.158] Aug 29 10:38:37 cp9 pop3d: 1346229517.874008 LOGOUT, [email protected], ip=[::ffff:196.201.7.158], top=0, retr=0, time=1, rcvd=24, sent=1716, maildir=/var/qmail/mailnames/essentialhuku.co.za/earle/Maildir Aug 29 10:14:05 cp9 postfix/tlsmgr[1133]: fatal: open database /var/lib/postfix/smtpd_scache.db: Invalid argument Aug 29 10:14:06 cp9 postfix/master[27738]: warning: process /usr/lib/postfix/tlsmgr pid 1133 exit status 1 Aug 29 10:14:06 cp9 postfix/master[27738]: warning: /usr/lib/postfix/tlsmgr: bad command startup -- throttling Aug 29 10:14:08 cp9 pop3d: Connection, ip=[::ffff:196.201.7.158

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• iptables-restore: line 1 failed

  - by Doug

  Hello, I am new to servers, and I was following this guide and it failed on the first command instructed. Could anyone give me a hand? http://wiki.debian.org/iptables ~ZORO~:/etc# iptables-restore < /etc/iptables.test.rules iptables-restore: line 1 failed Edit: iptables.test.rules ~ZORO~:/etc# cat /etc/iptables.test.rules *filter # Allows all loopback (lo0) traffic and drop all traffic to 127/8 that doesn't use lo0 -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -i ! lo -d 127.0.0.0/8 -j REJECT # Accepts all established inbound connections -A INPUT -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT # Allows all outbound traffic # You could modify this to only allow certain traffic -A OUTPUT -j ACCEPT # Allows HTTP and HTTPS connections from anywhere (the normal ports for websites) -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 443 -j ACCEPT # Allows SSH connections for script kiddies # THE -dport NUMBER IS THE SAME ONE YOU SET UP IN THE SSHD_CONFIG FILE -A INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW --dport 30000 -j ACCEPT # Now you should read up on iptables rules and consider whether ssh access # for everyone is really desired. Most likely you will only allow access from certain IPs. # Allow ping -A INPUT -p icmp -m icmp --icmp-type 8 -j ACCEPT # log iptables denied calls (access via 'dmesg' command) -A INPUT -m limit --limit 5/min -j LOG --log-prefix "iptables denied: " --log-level 7 # Reject all other inbound - default deny unless explicitly allowed policy: -A INPUT -j REJECT -A FORWARD -j REJECT COMMIT

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• dovecot login issue with plain passwords

  - by user3028

  I am having an odd problem in dovecot, the first time I try to login via telnet dovecot gives a error, the second time it works, both within the same telnet session. This is the telnet session, note the 'BAD Error in IMAP command received by server' and the "a OK" just after that : telnet 192.168.1.2 143 * OK Waiting for authentication process to respond.. * OK [CAPABILITY IMAP4rev1 LITERAL+ SASL-IR LOGIN-REFERRALS ID ENABLE IDLE STARTTLS AUTH=PLAIN] Dovecot ready. a login someUserLogin supersecretpassword * BAD Error in IMAP command received by server. a login someUserLogin supersecretpassword a OK [CAPABILITY IMAP4rev1 LITERAL+ SASL-IR LOGIN-REFERRALS ID ENABLE IDLE SORT SORT=DISPLAY THREAD=REFERENCES THREAD=REFS MULTIAPPEND UNSELECT CHILDREN NAMESPACE UIDPLUS LIST-EXTENDED I18NLEVEL=1 CONDSTORE QRESYNC ESEARCH ESORT SEARCHRES WITHIN CONTEXT=SEARCH LIST-STATUS] Logged in dovecot configuration >dovecot -n # 2.0.19: /etc/dovecot/dovecot.conf # OS: Linux 3.5.0-34-generic x86_64 Ubuntu 12.04.2 LTS auth_debug = yes auth_verbose = yes disable_plaintext_auth = no login_trusted_networks = 192.168.1.0/16 mail_location = maildir:~/Maildir passdb { driver = pam } protocols = " imap" ssl_cert = </etc/ssl/certs/dovecot.pem ssl_key = </etc/ssl/private/dovecot.pem userdb { driver = passwd } This is the log file: Jul 3 12:27:51 linuxServer dovecot: auth: Debug: Loading modules from directory: /usr/lib/dovecot/modules/auth Jul 3 12:27:51 linuxServer dovecot: auth: Debug: auth client connected (pid=23499) Jul 3 12:28:06 linuxServer dovecot: auth: Debug: client in: AUTH#0111#011PLAIN#011service=imap#011secured#011no-penalty#011lip=192.168.1.2#011rip=192.169.1.3#011lport=143#011rport=50438#011resp=<hidden> Jul 3 12:28:06 linuxServer dovecot: auth-worker: Debug: Loading modules from directory: /usr/lib/dovecot/modules/auth Jul 3 12:28:06 linuxServer dovecot: auth-worker: Debug: pam(someUserLogin,192.169.1.3): lookup service=dovecot Jul 3 12:28:06 linuxServer dovecot: auth-worker: Debug: pam(someUserLogin,192.169.1.3): #1/1 style=1 msg=Password: Jul 3 12:28:06 linuxServer dovecot: auth: Debug: client out: OK#0111#011user=someUserLogin Jul 3 12:28:06 linuxServer dovecot: auth: Debug: master in: REQUEST#0111823473665#01123499#0111#0113a58da53e091957d3cd306ac4114f0b9 Jul 3 12:28:06 linuxServer dovecot: auth: Debug: passwd(someUserLogin,192.169.1.3): lookup Jul 3 12:28:06 linuxServer dovecot: auth: Debug: master out: USER#0111823473665#011someUserLogin#011system_groups_user=someUserLogin#011uid=1000#011gid=1000#011home=/home/someUserLogin Jul 3 12:28:06 linuxServer dovecot: imap-login: Login: user=<someUserLogin>, method=PLAIN, rip=192.169.1.3, lip=192.168.1.2, mpid=23503, secured

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