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• Windows for IoT, continued

  - by Valter Minute

  Originally posted on: http://geekswithblogs.net/WindowsEmbeddedCookbook/archive/2014/08/05/windows-for-iot-continued.aspxI received many interesting feedbacks on my previous blog post and I tried to find some time to do some additional tests. Bert Kleinschmidt pointed out that pins 2,3 and 10 of the Galileo are connected directly to the SOC, while pin 13, the one used for the sample sketch is controlled via an I2C I/O expander. I changed my code to use pin 2 instead of 13 (just changing the variable assignment at the beginning of the code) and latency was greatly reduced. Now each pulse lasts for 1.44ms, 44% more than the expected time, but ways better that the result we got using pin 13. I also used SetThreadPriority to increase the priority of the thread that was running the sketch to THREAD_PRIORITY_HIGHEST but that didn't change the results. When I was using the I2C-controlled pin I tried the same and the timings got ways worse (increasing more than 10 times) and so I did not commented on that part, wanting to investigate the issua a bit more in detail. It seems that increasing the priority of the application thread impacts negatively the I2C communication. I tried to use also the Linux-based implementation (using a different Galileo board since the one provided by MS seems to use a different firmware) and the results of running the sample blink sketch modified to use pin 2 and blink the led for 1ms are similar to those we got on the same board running Windows. Here the difference between expected time and measured time is worse, getting around 3.2ms instead of 1 (320% compared to 150% using Windows but far from the 100.1% we got with the 8-bit Arduino). Both systems were not under load during the test, maybe loading some applications that use part of the CPU time would make those timings even less reliable, but I think that those numbers are enough to draw some conclusions. It may not be worth running a full OS if what you need is Arduino compatibility. The Arduino UNO is probably the best Arduino you can find to perform this kind of development. The Galileo running the Linux-based stack or running Windows for IoT is targeted to be a platform for "Internet of Things" devices, whatever that means. At the moment I don't see the "I" part of IoT. We have low level interfaces (SPI, I2C, the GPIO pins) that can be used to connect sensors but the support for connectivity is limited and the amount of work required to deliver some data to the cloud (using a secure HTTP request or a message queuing system like APMQS or MQTT) is still big and the rich OS underneath seems to not provide any help doing that.Why should I use sockets and can't access all the high level connectivity features we have on "full" Windows?I know that it's possible to use some third party libraries, try to build them using the Windows For IoT SDK etc. but this means re-inventing the wheel every time and can also lead to some IP concerns if used for products meant to be closed-source. I hope that MS and Intel (and others) will focus less on the "coolness" of running (some) Arduino sketches and more on providing a better platform to people that really want to design devices that leverage internet connectivity and the cloud processing power to deliver better products and services. Providing a reliable set of connectivity services would be a great start. Providing support for .NET would be even better, leaving native code available for hardware access etc. I know that those components may require additional storage and memory etc. So making the OS componentizable (or, at least, provide a way to install additional components) would be a great way to let developers pick the parts of the system they need to develop their solution, knowing that they will integrate well together. I can understand that the Arduino and Raspberry Pi* success may have attracted the attention of marketing departments worldwide and almost any new development board those days is promoted as "XXX response to Arduino" or "YYYY alternative to Raspberry Pi", but this is misleading and prevents companies from focusing on how to deliver good products and how to integrate "IoT" features with their existing offer to provide, at the end, a better product or service to their customers. Marketing is important, but can't decide the key features of a product (the OS) that is going to be used to develop full products for end customers integrating it with hardware and application software. I really like the "hackable" nature of open-source devices and like to see that companies are getting more and more open in releasing information, providing "hackable" devices and supporting developers with documentation, good samples etc. On the other side being able to run a sketch designed for an 8 bit microcontroller on a full-featured application processor may sound cool and an easy upgrade path for people that just experimented with sensors etc. on Arduino but it's not, in my humble opinion, the main path to follow for people who want to deliver real products.   *Shameless self-promotion: if you are looking for a good book in Italian about the Raspberry Pi , try mine: http://www.amazon.it/Raspberry-Pi-alluso-Digital-LifeStyle-ebook/dp/B00GYY3OKO

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• A Basic Thread

  - by Joe Mayo

  Most of the programs written are single-threaded, meaning that they run on the main execution thread. For various reasons such as performance, scalability, and/or responsiveness additional threads can be useful. .NET has extensive threading support, from the basic threads introduced in v1.0 to the Task Parallel Library (TPL) introduced in v4.0. To get started with threads, it's helpful to begin with the basics; starting a Thread. Why Do I Care? The scenario I'll use for needing to use a thread is writing to a file.  Sometimes, writing to a file takes a while and you don't want your user interface to lock up until the file write is done. In other words, you want the application to be responsive to the user. How Would I Go About It? The solution is to launch a new thread that performs the file write, allowing the main thread to return to the user right away.  Whenever the file writing thread completes, it will let the user know.  In the meantime, the user is free to interact with the program for other tasks. The following examples demonstrate how to do this. Show Me the Code? The code we'll use to work with threads is in the System.Threading namespace, so you'll need the following using directive at the top of the file: using System.Threading; When you run code on a thread, the code is specified via a method.  Here's the code that will execute on the thread: private static void WriteFile() { Thread.Sleep(1000); Console.WriteLine("File Written."); } The call to Thread.Sleep(1000) delays thread execution. The parameter is specified in milliseconds, and 1000 means that this will cause the program to sleep for approximately 1 second.  This method happens to be static, but that's just part of this example, which you'll see is launched from the static Main method.  A thread could be instance or static.  Notice that the method does not have parameters and does not have a return type. As you know, the way to refer to a method is via a delegate.  There is a delegate named ThreadStart in System.Threading that refers to a method without parameters or return type, shown below: ThreadStart fileWriterHandlerDelegate = new ThreadStart(WriteFile); I'll show you the whole program below, but the ThreadStart instance above goes in the Main method. The thread uses the ThreadStart instance, fileWriterHandlerDelegate, to specify the method to execute on the thread: Thread fileWriter = new Thread(fileWriterHandlerDelegate); As shown above, the argument type for the Thread constructor is the ThreadStart delegate type. The fileWriterHandlerDelegate argument is an instance of the ThreadStart delegate type. This creates an instance of a thread and what code will execute, but the new thread instance, fileWriter, isn't running yet. You have to explicitly start it, like this: fileWriter.Start(); Now, the code in the WriteFile method is executing on a separate thread. Meanwhile, the main thread that started the fileWriter thread continues on it's own.  You have two threads running at the same time. Okay, I'm Starting to Get Glassy Eyed. How Does it All Fit Together? The example below is the whole program, pulling all the previous bits together. It's followed by its output and an explanation. using System; using System.Threading; namespace BasicThread { class Program { static void Main() { ThreadStart fileWriterHandlerDelegate = new ThreadStart(WriteFile); Thread fileWriter = new Thread(fileWriterHandlerDelegate); Console.WriteLine("Starting FileWriter"); fileWriter.Start(); Console.WriteLine("Called FileWriter"); Console.ReadKey(); } private static void WriteFile() { Thread.Sleep(1000); Console.WriteLine("File Written"); } } } And here's the output: Starting FileWriter Called FileWriter File Written So, Why are the Printouts Backwards? The output above corresponds to Console.Writeline statements in the program, with the second and third seemingly reversed. In a single-threaded program, "File Written" would print before "Called FileWriter". However, this is a multi-threaded (2 or more threads) program.  In multi-threading, you can't make any assumptions about when a given thread will run.  In this case, I added the Sleep statement to the WriteFile method to greatly increase the chances that the message from the main thread will print first. Without the Thread.Sleep, you could run this on a system with multiple cores and/or multiple processors and potentially get different results each time. Interesting Tangent but What Should I Get Out of All This? Going back to the main point, launching the WriteFile method on a separate thread made the program more responsive.  The file writing logic ran for a while, but the main thread returned to the user, as demonstrated by the print out of "Called FileWriter".  When the file write finished, it let the user know via another print statement. This was a very efficient use of CPU resources that made for a more pleasant user experience. Joe

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• Understanding the 'High Performance' meaning in Extreme Transaction Processing

  - by kyap

  Despite my previous blogs entries on SOA/BPM and Identity Management, the domain where I'm the most passionated is definitely the Extreme Transaction Processing, commonly called XTP.I came across XTP back to 2007 while I was still FMW Product Manager in EMEA. At that time Oracle acquired a company called Tangosol, which owned an unique product called Coherence that we renamed to Oracle Coherence. Beside this innovative renaming of the product, to be honest, I didn't know much about it, except being a "distributed in-memory cache for Extreme Transaction Processing"... not very helpful still.In general when people doesn't fully understand a technology or a concept, they tend to find some shortcuts, either correct or not, to justify their lack-of understanding... and of course I was part of this category of individuals. And the shortcut was "Oracle Coherence Cache helps to improve Performance". Excellent marketing slogan... but not very meaningful still. By chance I was able to get away quickly from that group in July 2007* at Thames Valley Park (UK), after I attended one of the most interesting workshops, in my 10 years career in Oracle, delivered by Brian Oliver. The biggest mistake I made was to assume that performance improvement with Coherence was related to the response time. Which can be considered as legitimus at that time, because after-all caches help to reduce latency on cached data access, hence reduce the response-time. But like all caches, you need to define caching and expiration policies, thinking about the cache-missed strategy, and most of the time you have to re-write partially your application in order to work with the cache. At a result, the expected benefit vanishes... so, not very useful then?The key mistake I made was my perception or obsession on how performance improvement should be driven, but I strongly believe this is still a common problem to most of the developers. In fact we all know the that the performance of a system is generally presented by the Capacity (or Throughput), with the 2 important dimensions Speed (response-time) and Volume (load) :Capacity (TPS) = Volume (T) / Speed (S)To increase the Capacity, we can either reduce the Speed(in terms of response-time), or to increase the Volume. However we tend to only focus on reducing the Speed dimension, perhaps it is more concrete and tangible to measure, and nicer to present to our management because there's a direct impact onto the end-users experience. On the other hand, we assume the Volume can be addressed by the underlying hardware or software stack, so if we need more capacity (scale out), we just add more hardware or software. Unfortunately, the reality proves that IT is never as ideal as we assume...The challenge with Speed improvement approach is that it is generally difficult and costly to make things already fast... faster. And by adding Coherence will not necessarily help either. Even though we manage to do so, the Capacity can not increase forever because... the Speed can be influenced by the Volume. For all system, we always have a performance illustration as follow: In all traditional system, the increase of Volume (Transaction) will also increase the Speed (Response-Time) as some point. The reason is simple: most of the time the Application logics were not designed to scale. As an example, if you have a while-loop in your application, it is natural to conceive that parsing 200 entries will require double execution-time compared to 100 entries. If you need to "Speed-up" the execution, you can only upgrade your hardware (scale-up) with faster CPU and/or network to reduce network latency. It is technically limited and economically inefficient. And this is exactly where XTP and Coherence kick in. The primary objective of XTP is about designing applications which can scale-out for increasing the Volume, by applying coding techniques to keep the execution-time as constant as possible, independently of the number of runtime data being manipulated. It is actually not just about having an application running as fast as possible, but about having a much more predictable system, with constant response-time and linearly scale, so we can easily increase throughput by adding more hardwares in parallel. It is in general combined with the Low Latency Programming model, where we tried to optimize the network usage as much as possible, either from the programmatic angle (less network-hoops to complete a task), and/or from a hardware angle (faster network equipments). In this picture, Oracle Coherence can be considered as software-level XTP enabler, via the Distributed-Cache because it can guarantee: - Constant Data Objects access time, independently from the number of Objects and the Coherence Cluster size - Data Objects Distribution by Affinity for in-memory data grouping - In-place Data Processing for parallel executionTo summarize, Oracle Coherence is indeed useful to improve your application performance, just not in the way we commonly think. It's not about the Speed itself, but about the overall Capacity with Extreme Load while keeping consistant Speed. In the future I will keep adding new blog entries around this topic, with some sample codes experiences sharing that I capture in the last few years. In the meanwhile if you want to know more how Oracle Coherence, I strongly suggest you to start with checking how our worldwide customers are using Oracle Coherence first, then you can start playing with the product through our tutorial.Have Fun !

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• SQLIO Writes

  - by Grant Fritchey

  SQLIO is a fantastic utility for testing the abilities of the disks in your system. It has a very unfortunate name though, since it's not really a SQL Server testing utility at all. It really is a disk utility. They ought to call it DiskIO because they'd get more people using I think. Anyway, branding is not the point of this blog post. Writes are the point of this blog post. SQLIO works by slamming your disk. It performs as mean reads as it can or it performs as many writes as it can depending on how you've configured your tests. There are much smarter people than me who will get into all the various types of tests you should run. I'd suggest reading a bit of what Jonathan Kehayias (blog|twitter) has to say or wade into Denny Cherry's (blog|twitter) work. They're going to do a better job than I can describing all the benefits and mechanisms around using this excellent piece of software. My concerns are very focused. I needed to set up a series of tests to see how well our product SQL Storage Compress worked. I wanted to know the effects it would have on a system, the disk for sure, but also memory and CPU. How to stress the system? SQLIO of course. But when I set it up and ran it, following the documentation that comes with it, I was seeing better than 99% compression on the files. Don't get me wrong. Our product is magnificent, wonderful, all things great and beautiful, gets you coffee in the morning and is made mostly from bacon. But 99% compression. No, it's not that good. So what's up? Well, it's the configuration. The default mechanism is to load up a file, something large that will overwhelm your disk cache. You're instructed to load the file with a character 0x0. I never got a computer science degree. I went to film school. Because of this, I didn't memorize ASCII tables so when I saw this, I thought it was zero's or something. Nope. It's NULL. That's right, you're making a very large file, but you're filling it with NULL values. That's actually ok when all you're testing is the disk sub-system. But, when you want to test a compression and decompression, that can be an issue. I got around this fairly quickly. Instead of generating a file filled with NULL values, I just copied a database file for my tests. And to test it with SQL Storage Compress, I used a database file that had already been run through compression (about 40% compression on that file if you're interested). Now the reads were taken care of. I am seeing very realistic performance from decompressing the information for reads through SQLIO. But what about writes? Well, the issue is, what does SQLIO write? I don't have access to the code. But I do have access to the results. I did two different tests, just to be sure of what I was seeing. First test, use the .DAT file as described in the documentation. I opened the .DAT file after I was done with SQLIO, using WordPad. Guess what? It's a giant file full of air. SQLIO writes NULL values. What does that do to compression? I did the test again on a copy of an uncompressed database file. Then I ran the original and the SQLIO modified copy through ZIP to see what happened. I got better than 99% compression out of the SQLIO modified file (original file of 624,896kb went to 275,871kb compressed, after SQLIO it went to 608kb compressed). So, what does SQLIO write? It writes air. If you're trying to test it with compression or maybe some other type of file storage mechanism like dedupe, you need to know this because your tests really won't be valid. Should I find some other mechanism for testing? Yeah, if all I'm interested in is establishing performance to my own satisfaction, yes. But, I want to be able to compare my results with other people's results and we all need to be using the same tool in order for that to happen. SQLIO is the common mechanism that most people I know use to establish disk performance behavior. It'd be better if we could get SQLIO to do writes in some other fashion. Oh, and before I go, I get to brag a bit. Measuring IOPS, SQL Storage Compress outperforms my disk alone by about 30%.

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• #OOW 2012 : IaaS, Private Cloud, Multitenant Database, and X3H2M2

  - by Eric Bezille

  The title of this post is a summary of the 4 announcements made by Larry Ellison today, during the opening session of Oracle Open World 2012... To know what's behind X3H2M2, you will have to wait a little, as I will go in order, beginning with the IaaS - Infrastructure as a Service - announcement. Oracle IaaS goes Public... and Private... Starting in 2004 with Fusion development, Oracle Cloud was launch last year to provide not only SaaS Application, based on standard development, but also the underlying PaaS, required to build the specifics, and required interconnections between applications, in and outside of the Cloud. Still, to cover the end-to-end Cloud  Services spectrum, we had to provide an Infrastructure as a Service, leveraging our Servers, Storage, OS, and Virtualization Technologies, all "Engineered Together". This Cloud Infrastructure, was already available for our customers to build rapidly their own Private Cloud either on SPARC/Solaris or x86/Linux... The second announcement made today bring that proposition a big step further : for cautious customers (like Banks, or sensible industries) who would like to benefits from the Cloud value of "as a Service", but don't want their Data out in the Cloud... We propose to them to operate the same systems, Exadata, Exalogic & SuperCluster, that are providing our Public Cloud Infrastructure, behind their firewall, in a Private Cloud model. Oracle 12c Multitenant Database This is also a major announcement made today, on what's coming with Oracle Database 12c : the ability to consolidate multiple databases with no extra additional  cost especially in terms of memory needed on the server node, which is often THE consolidation limiting factor. The principle could be compare to Solaris Zones, where, you will have a Database Container, who is "owning" the memory and Database background processes, and "Pluggable" Database in this Database Container. This particular feature is a strong compelling event to evaluate rapidly Oracle Database 12c once it will be available, as this is major step forward into true Database consolidation with Multitenancy on a shared (optimized) infrastructure. X3H2M2, enabling the new Exadata X3 in-Memory Database Here we are :  X3H2M2 stands for X3 (the new version of Exadata announced also today) Heuristic Hierarchical Mass Memory, providing the capability to keep most if not all the Data in the memory cache hierarchy. Of course, this is the major software enhancement of the new X3 Exadata machine, but as this is a software, our current customers would be able to benefit from it on their existing systems by upgrading to the new release. But that' not the only thing that we did with X3, at the same time we have upgraded everything : the CPUs, adding more cores per server node (16 vs. 12, with the arrival of Intel E5 / Sandy Bridge), the memory with 512GB memory as well per node,  and the new Flash Fire card, bringing now up to 22 TB of Flash cache. All of this 4TB of RAM + 22TB of Flash being use cleverly not only for read but also for write by the X3H2M2 algorithm... making a very big difference compare to traditional storage flash extension. But what does those extra performances brings to you on an already very efficient system: double your performances compare to the fastest storage array on the market today (including flash) and divide you storage price x10 at the same time... Something to consider closely this days... Especially that we also announced the availability of a new Exadata X3-2 8th rack : a good starting point. As you have seen a major opening for this year again with true innovation. But that was not the only thing that we saw today, as before Larry's talk, Fujitsu did introduce more in deep the up coming new SPARC processor, that they are co-developing with us. And as such Andrew Mendelsohn - Senior Vice President Database Server Technologies came on stage to explain that the next step after I/O optimization for Database with Exadata, was to accelerate the Database at execution level by bringing functions in the SPARC processor silicium. All in all, to process more and more Data... The big theme of the day... and of the Oracle User Groups Conferences that were also happening today and where I had the opportunity to attend some interesting sessions on practical use cases of Big Data one in Finances and Fraud profiling and the other one on practical deployment of Oracle Exalytics for Data Analytics. In conclusion, one picture to try to size Oracle Open World ... and you can understand why, with such a rich content... and this only the first day !

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• WEBLOGIC 12C HANDS-ON BOOTCAMP

  - by agallego

    Oracle PartnerNetwork | Account | Feedback   JOIN THE ORACLE WEBLOGIC PARTNER COMMUNITY AND ATTEND A WEBLOGIC 12C HANDS-ON BOOTCAMP Dear partner As a valued partner we would like to invite you for the WebLogic Partner Community and our WebLogic 12c hands-on Bootcamps – free of charge! Please first login at http://partner.oracle.com and then visit: WebLogic Partner Community. (If you need support with your account please contact the Oracle Partner Business Center). The goal of the WebLogic Partner Community is to provide you with the latest information on Oracle's offerings and to facilitate the exchange of experience within community members. Register Now FREE Assessment vouchers to become certified and WebLogic Server 12c 200 new Features and Training Connect and Network   WebLogic Blogs   WebLogic on Facebook   WebLogic on LinkedIn   WebLogic on Twitter   WebLogic on Oracle Mix WebLogic 12c hands-on Workshops We offer free3 days hands-on WebLogic 12c workshops for Oracle partners who want to become Application Grid Specialized: Register Here! Country Date Location Registration   Germany  3-5 April 2012 Oracle Düsseldorf Click here   France  24-26 April 2012 Oracle Colombes Click here   Spain 08-10 May 2012  Oracle Madrid  Click here   Netherlands  22-24 May 2012  Oracle Amsterdam  Click here   United Kingdom  06-08 June 2012  Oracle Reading  Click here   Italy  19-21 June 2012  Oracle Cinisello Balsamo  Click here   Portugal  10-12 July 2012  Oracle Lisbon  Click here Skill requirements Attendees need to have the following skills as this is required by the product-set and to make sure they get the most out of the training: Basic knowledge in Java and JavaEE Understanding the Application Server concept Basic knowledge in older releases of WebLogic Server would be beneficial Member of WebLogic Partner Community for registration please vist http://www.oracle.com/partners/goto/wls-emea Hardware requirements Every participant works on his own notebook. The minimal hardware requirements are: 4Gb physical RAM (we will boot the image with 2Gb RAM)  dual core CPU 15 GB HD Software requirements Please install Oracle VM VirtualBox 4.1.8 Follow-up and certification  With the workshop registration you agree to the following next steps Follow-up training attend and pass the Oracle Application Grid Certified Implementation Specialist Registration For details and registration please visit Register Here Free WebLogic Certification (Free assessment voucher to become certified) For all WebLogic experts, we offer free vouchers worth $195 for the Oracle Application Grid Certified Implementation Specialist assessment. To demonstrate your WebLogic knowledge you first have to pass the free online assessment Oracle Application Grid PreSales Specialist. For free vouchers, please send an e-mail with the screenshot of your Oracle Application Grid PreSales certirficate to [email protected] including your Name, Company, E-mail and Country. Note: This offer is limited to partners from Europe Middle East and Africa. Partners from other countries please contact your Oracle partner manager. WebLogic Specialization To become specialized in Application Grid, please make sure that you access the: Application Grid Specialization Guide Application Grid Specialization Checklist If you have any questions please contact the Oracle Partner Business Center. Oracle WebLogic Server 12c Key New Capabilities Java EE 6 and Developer Productivity Simplified Deployment and Management with Virtualization Integrated Traffic Management Enhanced High Availability and Disaster Recovery Much Higher Performance For more information please visit: Presentation from the WebLogic 12c launch Technical Presentation from the WebLogic 12c launch WebLogic OTN Website WebLogic 12c Virtual Conference Environment WebLogic Partner Community For regular information become a member in the WebLogic Partner Community please visit: http://www.oracle.com/partners/goto/wls-emea (OPN account required). If you need support with your account please contact the Oracle Partner Business Center. Best regards, Jürgen Kress WebLogic Partner Adoption EMEA Tel. +49 89 1430 1479 E-Mail: [email protected]   Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Contact PBC | Legal Notices and Terms of Use | Privacy Statement Oracle Corporation - Worldwide Headquarters, 500 Oracle Parkway, OPL - E-mail Services, Redwood Shores, CA 94065, United States Your privacy is important to us. You can login to your account to update your e-mail subscriptions or you can opt-out of all Oracle Marketing e-mails at any time. Please note that opting-out of Marketing communications does not affect your receipt of important business communications related to your current relationship with Oracle such as Security Updates, Event Registration notices, Account Management and Support/Service communications.

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• My Feelings About Microsoft Surface

  - by Valter Minute

  Advice: read the title carefully, I’m talking about “feelings” and not about advanced technical points proved in a scientific and objective way I still haven’t had a chance to play with a MS Surface tablet (I would love to, of course) and so my ideas just came from reading different articles on the net and MS official statements. Remember also that the MVP motto begins with “Independent” (“Independent Experts. Real World Answers.”) and this is just my humble opinion about a product and a technology. I know that, being an MS MVP you can be called an “MS-fanboy”, I don’t care, I hope that people can appreciate my opinion, even if it doesn’t match theirs. The “Surface” brand can be confusing for techies that knew the “original” surface concept but I think that will be a fresh new brand name for most of the people out there. But marketing department are here to confuse people… so I can understand this “recycle” of an existing name. So Microsoft is entering the hardware arena… for me this is good news. Microsoft developed some nice hardware in the past: the xbox, zune (even if the commercial success was quite limited) and, last but not least, the two arc mices (old and new model) that I use and appreciate. In the past Microsoft worked with OEMs and that model lead to good and bad things. Good thing (for microsoft, at least) is market domination by windows-based PCs that only in the last years has been reduced by the return of the Mac and tablets. Google is also moving in the hardware business with its acquisition of Motorola, and Apple leveraged his control of both the hardware and software sides to develop innovative products. Microsoft can scare OEMs and make them fly away from windows (but where?) or just lead the pack, showing how devices should be designed to compete in the market and bring back some of the innovation that disappeared from recent PC products (look at the shelves of your favorite electronics store and try to distinguish a laptop between the huge mass of anonymous PCs on displays… only Macs shine out there…). Having to compete with MS “official” hardware will force OEMs to develop better product and bring back some real competition in a market that was ruled only by prices (the lower the better even when that means low quality) and no innovative features at all (when it was the last time that a new PC surprised you?). Moving into a new market is a big and risky move, but with Windows 8 Microsoft is playing a crucial move for its future, trying to be back in the innovation run against apple and google. MS can’t afford to fail this time. I saw the new devices (the WinRT and Pro) and the specifications are scarce, misleading and confusing. The first impression is that the device looks like an iPad with a nice keyboard cover… Using “HD” and “full HD” to define display resolution instead of using the real figures and reviving the “ClearType” brand (now dead on Win8 as reported here and missed by people who hate to read text on displays, like myself) without providing clear figures (couldn’t you count those damned pixels?) seems to imply that MS was caught by surprise by apple recent “retina” displays that brought very high definition screens on tablets.Also there are no specifications about the processors used (even if some sources report NVidia Tegra for the ARM tablet and i5 for the x86 one) and expected battery life (a critical point for tablets and the point that killed Windows7 x86 based tablets). Also nothing about the price, and this will be another critical point because other platform out there already provide lots of applications and have a good user base, if MS want to enter this market tablets pricing must be competitive. There are some expansion ports (SD and USB), so no fixed storage model (even if the specs talks about 32-64GB for RT and 128-256GB for pro). I like this and don’t like the apple model where flash memory (that it’s dirt cheap used in thumdrives or SD cards) is as expensive as gold (or cocaine to have a more accurate per gram measurement) when mounted inside a tablet/phone. For big files you’ll be able to use external media and an SD card could be used to store files that don’t require super-fast SSD-like access times, I hope. To be honest I really don’t like the marketplace model and the limitation of Windows RT APIs (no local database? from a company that based a good share of its success on VB6+Access!) and lack of desktop support on the ARM (even if the support is here and has been used to port office). It’s a step toward the consumer market (where competitors are making big money), but may impact enterprise (and embedded) users that may not appreciate Windows 8 new UI or the limitations of the new app model (if you aren’t connected you are dead ). Not having compatibility with the desktop will require brand new applications and honestly made all the CPU cycles spent to convert .NET IL into real machine code in the past like a huge waste of time… as soon as a new processor architecture is supported by Windows you still have to rewrite part of your application (and MS is pushing HTML5+JS and native code more than .NET in my perception). On the other side I believe that the development experience provided by Visual Studio is still miles (or kilometres) ahead of the competition and even the all-uppercase menu of VS2012 hasn’t changed this situation. The new metro UI got mixed reviews. On my side I should say that is very pleasant to use on a touch screen, I like the minimalist design (even if sometimes is too minimal and hides stuff that, in my opinion, should be visible) but I should also say that using it with mouse and keyboard is like trying to pick your nose with boxing gloves… Metro is also very interesting for embedded devices where touch screen usage is quite common and where having an application taking all the screen is the norm. For devices like kiosks, vending machines etc. this kind of UI can be a great selling point. I don’t need a new tablet (to be honest I’m pretty happy with my wife’s iPad and with my PC), but I may change my opinion after having a chance to play a little bit with those new devices and understand what’s hidden under all this mysterious and generic announcements and specifications!

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• Soft lockup after upgrade - cannot install from live CD

  - by nbm

  I dual-boot MacIntel Core 2 duo. nVidia graphics. Ran upgrade from ubuntu 13.10 to 14.04 (64 bit). On restart ran into {numbers} Bug: soft lockup - CPU#0 stuck for 22s! [swapper/0:1] Tried loading earlier kernel: same problem Tried re-installing ubuntu from a liveCD that has worked in the past: version 13.04. Same problem. Tried re-partitioning hard drive using Mac OS X disk utility and then installing ubuntu 14.04LTS from liveCD. Same problem. Not possible to verify liveCD disk (creates same "soft lockup" bug.) Tried installing from the liveCD with version 13.04 that I know works (that's how I got Ubuntu on this machine in the first place.) Same problem. I know this is not a hardware problem as OS X works just fine, I am using it right now on the same machine. I have been using various versions of Ubuntu for 2 years. Things I cannot do: Open a terminal Verify CD image Start ubuntu from CD (same soft lockup problem) This problem is similar to some other questions, none of which have been satisfactorily answered: Ubuntu 14.04 soft lockup on Vostro 3500 Cannot do fresh install of Ubuntu 13.04 while booting from DVD: "soft lockup" bug Live CD stalls when installing Ubuntu 13.10 UPDATE 6/11/14: Following some much-appreciated advice from bain (see below) I burned a 12.04LTS disk and started with kernel parameters: noapic, no1apic, acpi=off, nomodeset, elevator=deadline, and clocksource=jiffies. With all of these parameters I was able to load the 12.04LTS CD ("Try without installing"). It worked fine. However, as soon as I tried to install Ubuntu from the CD, my wired ethernet (eth0) connection would hang. There are already various askubuntu questions and bug reports about this problem, none of which had answers for me. (E.g., dhclient eth0 does nothing, none of the various reset commands does anything, manually setting IP &etc does nothing. I could reliably kill the ethernet connection by clicking "install ubuntu" every single time.) I could go ahead and install 12.04 without an internet connection, but the install would freeze after mostly completing (I tried several times.) There were some relevant error messages in the details of the install output script that, IIRC, had to do with searching for missing files and not being able to access eth0 (internet) to get them. To be honest I gave up at that point and I'm not sure I wrote those down. If I find some notes I will post them. At this point I no longer have Ubuntu on my system. I wiped the partitions and am using exclusively OS X. I am leaving this question in case it helps anyone else with similar problems. I love open source and I love Linux, and the next machine I get I will probably just build from Arch. At the moment I miss repositories and a lot of other things about Ubuntu, but the OS X terminal is 'nix, I can pretty much use all the open source apps I like, and while I am not a fan of the Apple software it gets the job done for me. Unlike Ubuntu, which can't even install. I realize this isn't necessarily a place for a soapbox speech, but when I first installed 12.04 several years ago there were already people in the community complaining that Canonical was going too "commercial". But I loved it. Several years later and all I've seen is Canonical adding more not-so-useful bells and whistles to Ubuntu while continually failing to fix basic problems on upgrades. With a dual-boot (and sometimes triple-boot) system it always took me some tweaking to get an upgrade to work, and to some extent that is okay. But at this point I feel like Canonical ought to just put a price tag on Ubuntu. All I see is more commercialism and advertising and product tie-ins, and ongoing problems do not get fixed. I am a big fan of open-source, not-for profit enterprise. I am also a big fan of for-profit enterprise, which certainly has its place and usefulness. I am not a fan of companies who pretend to be in favor of open source but really are just out to make a buck, and IMNSHO that is what Canonical has become. This is a great community and I wish you all the best, but my next install of Linux will not be Ubuntu.

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• Why bother writing an Windows 8 app?

  - by Dennis Vroegop

  So you want to know more about development for Window 8. Great! There are lots of reasons you should be excited about this. Since I don’t know why YOU are interested in this, I’ll make a list of reasons people can choose from. (as a side note: whenever I talk about Win8 development I am referring to the Metro Style / WinRt side of things. Apps for the ‘classic’ desktop side of Win8 on Intel are business as usual…) So… Why would you care about making an app for Windows 8? 1. It’s cool. Let’s not beat around the bush: if you like development for a hobby then you’ll love to work on this new platform. You can create apps in a relative short time (short time as in compared to writing a new CRM system) and that makes it great for a hobby product. 2. You’ll stand out. Hey, we all need an ego boost every now and then. We all need to feel special. So if you can manage to be one of the first to have you app in the Store then you’ll likely to be noticed. Just close your eyes for a moment and image you standing in a bar. It’s crowded, and then you casually say “Oh yeah, I just had my app certified and it’s in the Win8 store now”. People will stop talking, will offer you drinks and beautiful women / gorgeous man / furry creatures from Alpha Centauri (whatever your preferences are) will propose. Or maybe not. Anyway…. 3. Make some cash! IDC predicts there will be about 350,000,000 Windows 8 licenses sold in the next year. Think about that number. 350,000,000. And they all have access to the Store. Where you’re app will be. With one little click they can select it, download and somehow magically $1.00 or $2.00 from their bank account is transferred to yours. Now, I am not saying that all of those people will download and buy your app but what if only 1% of them did? Remember: there aren’t that many apps available yet….. 4. Learn. Creating new small apps is a great way to learn new stuff. Yes, you could read about it (on this blog for instance) but the only way to learn something is to do it. So be prepared for the future and learn something new by doing it.Write an app! Now! 5. The biggie (for me at least): it’s fun. Even if you remove the points above it’s still fun to write for these devices and this platform. Now some of you will say : “But why not write a great app for IOS or Android?” I think this is a valid question. Of course the novelty of the platform wears out and points 2 and 3 from above list will not be as relevant as it is today. But still 1 4 and 5 remain. And don’t forget: if you already work on the Microsoft platform it’s not that hard to learn this new Win8 stuff. If you have done some XAML development (be it WPF or Silverlight) you are almost there in becoming a good Win8 developer. So you’ll be more productive much sooner than when you have to learn Objective C or Java. Even if you’re a HTML / Javascript developer (I say developer here, not designer) you’ll be up to speed on Win8 development pretty soon. Yes, you, that funky Web Developer who lives and breathes HTML5, CSS3 and JavaScript / Node.Js / JQuery: you too can be a Win8 developer. A first class Win8 developer! So.. Download the stuff you need from http://dev.windows.com install Windows 8 and Visual Studio 12 and by the time you’re ready I’ll be working on the next article: how to do all this? Happy coding!

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• Joining on NULLs

  - by Dave Ballantyne

  A problem I see on a fairly regular basis is that of dealing with NULL values.  Specifically here, where we are joining two tables on two columns, one of which is ‘optional’ ie is nullable.  So something like this: i.e. Lookup where all the columns are equal, even when NULL.   NULL’s are a tricky thing to initially wrap your mind around.  Statements like “NULL is not equal to NULL and neither is it not not equal to NULL, it’s NULL” can cause a serious brain freeze and leave you a gibbering wreck and needing your mummy. Before we plod on, time to setup some data to demo against. Create table #SourceTable ( Id integer not null, SubId integer null, AnotherCol char(255) not null ) go create unique clustered index idxSourceTable on #SourceTable(id,subID) go with cteNums as ( select top(1000) number from master..spt_values where type ='P' ) insert into #SourceTable select Num1.number,nullif(Num2.number,0),'SomeJunk' from cteNums num1 cross join cteNums num2 go Create table #LookupTable ( Id integer not null, SubID integer null ) go insert into #LookupTable Select top(100) id,subid from #SourceTable where subid is not null order by newid() go insert into #LookupTable Select top(3) id,subid from #SourceTable where subid is null order by newid() If that has run correctly, you will have 1 million rows in #SourceTable and 103 rows in #LookupTable.  We now want to join one to the other. First attempt – Lets just join select * from #SourceTable join #LookupTable on #LookupTable.id = #SourceTable.id and #LookupTable.SubID = #SourceTable.SubID OK, that’s a fail.  We had 100 rows back,  we didn’t correctly account for the 3 rows that have null values.  Remember NULL <> NULL and the join clause specifies SUBID=SUBID, which for those rows is not true. Second attempt – Lets deal with those pesky NULLS select * from #SourceTable join #LookupTable on #LookupTable.id = #SourceTable.id and isnull(#LookupTable.SubID,0) = isnull(#SourceTable.SubID,0) OK, that’s the right result, well done and 99.9% of the time that is where its left. It is a relatively trivial CPU overhead to wrap ISNULL around both columns and compare that result, so no problems.  But, although that’s true, this a relational database we are using here, not a procedural language.  SQL is a declarative language, we are making a request to the engine to get the results we want.  How we ask for them can make a ton of difference. Lets look at the plan for our second attempt, specifically the clustered index seek on the #SourceTable   There are 2 predicates. The ‘seek predicate’ and ‘predicate’.  The ‘seek predicate’ describes how SQLServer has been able to use an Index.  Here, it has been able to navigate the index to resolve where ID=ID.  So far so good, but what about the ‘predicate’ (aka residual probe) ? This is a row-by-row operation.  For each row found in the index matching the Seek Predicate, the leaf level nodes have been scanned and tested using this logical condition.  In this example [Expr1007] is the result of the IsNull operation on #LookupTable and that is tested for equality with the IsNull operation on #SourceTable.  This residual probe is quite a high overhead, if we can express our statement slightly differently to take full advantage of the index and make the test part of the ‘Seek Predicate’. Third attempt – X is null and Y is null So, lets state the query in a slightly manner: select * from #SourceTable join #LookupTable on #LookupTable.id = #SourceTable.id and ( #LookupTable.SubID = #SourceTable.SubID or (#LookupTable.SubID is null and #SourceTable.SubId is null) ) So its slightly wordier and may not be as clear in its intent to the human reader, that is what comments are for, but the key point is that it is now clearer to the query optimizer what our intention is. Let look at the plan for that query, again specifically the index seek operation on #SourceTable No ‘predicate’, just a ‘Seek Predicate’ against the index to resolve both ID and SubID.  A subtle difference that can be easily overlooked.  But has it made a difference to the performance ? Well, yes , a perhaps surprisingly high one. Clever query optimizer well done. If you are using a scalar function on a column, you a pretty much guaranteeing that a residual probe will be used.  By re-wording the query you may well be able to avoid this and use the index completely to resolve lookups. In-terms of performance and scalability your system will be in a much better position if you can.

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• Increasing efficiency of N-Body gravity simulation

  - by Postman

  I'm making a space exploration type game, it will have many planets and other objects that will all have realistic gravity. I currently have a system in place that works, but if the number of planets goes above 70, the FPS decreases an practically exponential rates. I'm making it in C# and XNA. My guess is that I should be able to do gravity calculations between 100 objects without this kind of strain, so clearly my method is not as efficient as it should be. I have two files, Gravity.cs and EntityEngine.cs. Gravity manages JUST the gravity calculations, EntityEngine creates an instance of Gravity and runs it, along with other entity related methods. EntityEngine.cs public void Update() { foreach (KeyValuePair<string, Entity> e in Entities) { e.Value.Update(); } gravity.Update(); } (Only relevant piece of code from EntityEngine, self explanatory. When an instance of Gravity is made in entityEngine, it passes itself (this) into it, so that gravity can have access to entityEngine.Entities (a dictionary of all planet objects)) Gravity.cs namespace ExplorationEngine { public class Gravity { private EntityEngine entityEngine; private Vector2 Force; private Vector2 VecForce; private float distance; private float mult; public Gravity(EntityEngine e) { entityEngine = e; } public void Update() { //First loop foreach (KeyValuePair<string, Entity> e in entityEngine.Entities) { //Reset the force vector Force = new Vector2(); //Second loop foreach (KeyValuePair<string, Entity> e2 in entityEngine.Entities) { //Make sure the second value is not the current value from the first loop if (e2.Value != e.Value ) { //Find the distance between the two objects. Because Fg = G * ((M1 * M2) / r^2), using Vector2.Distance() and then squaring it //is pointless and inefficient because distance uses a sqrt, squaring the result simple cancels that sqrt. distance = Vector2.DistanceSquared(e2.Value.Position, e.Value.Position); //This makes sure that two planets do not attract eachother if they are touching, completely unnecessary when I add collision, //For now it just makes it so that the planets are not glitchy, performance is not significantly improved by removing this IF if (Math.Sqrt(distance) > (e.Value.Texture.Width / 2 + e2.Value.Texture.Width / 2)) { //Calculate the magnitude of Fg (I'm using my own gravitational constant (G) for the sake of time (I know it's 1 at the moment, but I've been changing it) mult = 1.0f * ((e.Value.Mass * e2.Value.Mass) / distance); //Calculate the direction of the force, simply subtracting the positions and normalizing works, this fixes diagonal vectors //from having a larger value, and basically makes VecForce a direction. VecForce = e2.Value.Position - e.Value.Position; VecForce.Normalize(); //Add the vector for each planet in the second loop to a force var. Force = Vector2.Add(Force, VecForce * mult); //I have tried Force += VecForce * mult, and have not noticed much of an increase in speed. } } } //Add that force to the first loop's planet's position (later on I'll instead add to acceleration, to account for inertia) e.Value.Position += Force; } } } } I have used various tips (about gravity optimizing, not threading) from THIS question (that I made yesterday). I've made this gravity method (Gravity.Update) as efficient as I know how to make it. This O(N^2) algorithm still seems to be eating up all of my CPU power though. Here is a LINK (google drive, go to File download, keep .Exe with the content folder, you will need XNA Framework 4.0 Redist. if you don't already have it) to the current version of my game. Left click makes a planet, right click removes the last planet. Mouse moves the camera, scroll wheel zooms in and out. Watch the FPS and Planet Count to see what I mean about performance issues past 70 planets. (ALL 70 planets must be moving, I've had 100 stationary planets and only 5 or so moving ones while still having 300 fps, the issue arises when 70+ are moving around) After 70 planets are made, performance tanks exponentially. With < 70 planets, I get 330 fps (I have it capped at 300). At 90 planets, the FPS is about 2, more than that and it sticks around at 0 FPS. Strangely enough, when all planets are stationary, the FPS climbs back up to around 300, but as soon as something moves, it goes right back down to what it was, I have no systems in place to make this happen, it just does. I considered multithreading, but that previous question I asked taught me a thing or two, and I see now that that's not a viable option. I've also thought maybe I could do the calculations on my GPU instead, though I don't think it should be necessary. I also do not know how to do this, it is not a simple concept and I want to avoid it unless someone knows a really noob friendly simple way to do it that will work for an n-body gravity calculation. (I have an NVidia gtx 660) Lastly I've considered using a quadtree type system. (Barnes Hut simulation) I've been told (in the previous question) that this is a good method that is commonly used, and it seems logical and straightforward, however the implementation is way over my head and I haven't found a good tutorial for C# yet that explains it in a way I can understand, or uses code I can eventually figure out. So my question is this: How can I make my gravity method more efficient, allowing me to use more than 100 objects (I can render 1000 planets with constant 300+ FPS without gravity calculations), and if I can't do much to improve performance (including some kind of quadtree system), could I use my GPU to do the calculations?

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• What's New in Oracle VM VirtualBox 4.2?

  - by Fat Bloke

  A year is a long time in the IT industry. Since the last VirtualBox feature release, which was a little over a year ago, we've seen: new releases of cool new operating systems, such as Windows 8, ChromeOS, and Mountain Lion; we've seen a myriad of new Linux releases from big Enterprise class distributions like Oracle 6.3, to accessible desktop distros like Ubuntu 12.04 and Fedora 17; and we've also seen the spec of a typical PC or laptop double in power. All of these events have influenced our new VirtualBox version which we're releasing today. Here's how... Powerful hosts  One of the trends we've seen is that as the average host platform becomes more powerful, our users are consistently running more and more vm's. Some of our users have large libraries of vm's of various vintages, whilst others have groups of vm's that are run together as an assembly of the various tiers in a multi-tiered software solution, for example, a database tier, middleware tier, and front-ends.  So we're pleased to unveil a more powerful VirtualBox Manager to address the needs of these users: VM Groups Groups allow you to organize your VM library in a sensible way, e.g.  by platform type, by project, by version, by whatever. To create groups you can drag one VM onto another or select one or more VM's and choose Machine...Group from the menu bar. You can expand and collapse groups to save screen real estate, and you can Enter and Leave a group (think iPad navigation here) by using the right and left arrow keys when groups are selected. But groups are more than passive folders, because you can now also perform operations on groups, rather than all the individual VMs. So if you have a multi-tiered solution you can start the whole stack up with just one click. Autostart Many VirtualBox users run dedicated services in their VMs, for example, running a Wiki. With these types of VM workloads, you really want the VM start up when the host machine boots up. So with 4.2 we've introduced a cross-platform Auto-start mechanism to allow you to treat VMs as host services. Headless VM Launching With VM's such as web servers, wikis, and other types of server-class workloads, the Console of the VM is pretty much redundant. For some time now VirtualBox has offered a separate launch mechanism for these VM's, namely the command-line interface commands VBoxHeadless or VBoxManage startvm ... --type headless commands. But with 4.2 we also allow you launch headless VMs from the Manager. Simply hold down Shift when launching the VM from the Manager.  It's that easy. But how do you stop a headless VM? Well, with 4.2 we allow you to Close the VM from the Manager. (BTW best to use the ACPI Shutdown method which allows the guest VM to close down gracefully.) Easy VM Creation For our expert users, the  New VM Wizard was a little tiresome, so now there's a faster 2-click VM creation mode. Just Hide the description when creating a new VM. Powerful VMs  As the hosts have become more powerful, so are the guests that are running inside them. Here are some of the 4.2 features to accommodate them: Virtual Network Interface Cards  With 4.2, it's now possible to create VMs with up to 36 NICs, when using the ICH9 chipset emulation. But with great power comes great responsibility (didn't Obi-Wan say something similar?), and so we have also introduced bandwidth limiting to prevent a rogue VM stealing the whole pipe. VLAN tagging Some of our users leverage VLANs extensively so we've enhanced the E1000 NICs to support this.  Processor Performance If you are running a CPU which supports Nested Paging (aka EPT in the Intel world) such as most of the Core i5 and i7 CPUs, or are running an AMD Bulldozer or later, you should see some performance improvements from our work with these processors. And while we're talking Processors, we've added support for some of the more modern VIA CPUs too. Powerful Automation Because VirtualBox runs atop a fully blown operating system, it makes sense to leverage the capabilities of the host to run scripts that can drive the guest VMs. Guest Automation was introduced in a prior release but with 4.2 we've revamped the APIs to allow a richer and more powerful set of operations to be executed by the guest. Check out the IGuest APIs in the VirtualBox Programming Guide and Reference (SDK). Powerful Platforms  All the hardcore engineering that has gone into 4.2 has been done for a purpose and that is to deliver a fast and powerful engine that can run almost any x86 OS because of the integrity of the virtualization. So we're pleased to add support for these platforms: Mac OS X "Mountain Lion"  Windows 8 Windows Server 2012 Ubuntu 12.04 (“Precise Pangolin”) Fedora 17 Oracle Linux 6.3  Here's the proof: We don't have time to go into the myriad of smaller improvements such as support for burning audio CDs from a guest, bi-directional clipboard control,  drag-and-drop of files into Linux guests, etc. so we'll leave that as an exercise for the user as soon as you've downloaded from the Oracle or community site and taken a peek at the User Guide. So all in all, a pretty solid release, one that we hope you'll enjoy discovering. - FB 

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• The architecture and technologies to use for a secure, fast, reliable and easily scalable web application

  - by DSoul

  ^ For actual questions, skip to the lists down below I understand, that his is a vague topic, but please, before you turn the other way and disregard me, hear me out. I am currently doing research for a web application(I don't know if application is the correct word for it, but I will proceed w/ that for now), that one day might need to be everything mentioned in the title. I am bound by nothing. That means that every language, OS and framework is acceptable, but only if it proves it's usefulness. And if you are going to say, that scalability and speed depend on the code I write for this application, then I agree, but I am just trying to find something, that wouldn't stand in my way later on. I have done quite a bit reading on this subject, but I still don't have a clear picture, to what suits my needs, so I come to you, StackOverflow, to give me directions. I know you all must be wondering what I'm building, but I assure you, that it doesn't matter. I have heard of 12 factor app though, if you have any similar guidelines or what is, to suggest the please, go ahead. For the sake of keeping your answers as open as possible, I'm not gonna provide you my experience regarding anything written in this question. ^ Skippers, start here First off - the weights of the requirements are probably something like that (on a scale of 10): Security - 10 Speed - 5 Reliability (concurrency) - 7.5 Scalability - 10 Speed and concurrency are not a top priority, in the sense, that the program can be CPU intensive, and therefore slow, and only accept a not-that-high number of concurrent users, but both of these factors must be improvable by scaling the system Anyway, here are my questions: How many layers should the application have, so it would be future-proof and could best fulfill the aforementioned requirements? For now, what I have in mind is the most common version: Completely separated front end, that might be a web page or an MMI application or even both. Some middle-ware handling communication between the front and the back end. This is probably a server that communicates w/ the front end via HTTP. How the communication w/ the back end should be handled is probably dependent on the back end. The back end. Something that handles data through resources like DB and etc. and does various computations w/ the data. This, as the highest priority part of the software, must be easily spread to multiple computers later on and have no known security holes. I think ideally the middle-ware should send a request to a queue from where one of the back end processes takes this request, chops it up to smaller parts and buts these parts of the request back onto the same queue as the initial request, after what these parts will be then handled by other back end processes. Something *map-reduce*y, so to say. What frameworks, languages and etc. should these layers use? The technologies used here are not that important at this moment, you can ignore this part for now I've been pointed to node.js for this part. Do you guys know any better alternatives, or have any reasons why I should (not) use node.js for this particular job. I actually have no good idea, what to use for this job, there are too many options out there, so please direct me. This part (and the 2. one also, I think) depend a lot on the OS, so suggest any OSs alongside w/ the technologies/frameworks. Initially, all computers (or 1 for starters) hosting the back end are going to be virtual machines. Please do give suggestions to any part of the question, that you feel you have comprehensive knowledge and/or experience of. And also, point out if you feel that any part of the current set-up means an instant (or even distant) failure or if I missed a very important aspect to consider. I'm not looking for a definitive answer for how to achieve my goals, because there certainly isn't one, for I haven't provided you w/ all the required information. I'm just looking for recommendations and directions on what to look into. Also, bare in mind, that this isn't something that I have to get done quickly, to sell and let it be re-written by the new owner (which, I've been told for multiple times, is what I should aim for). I have all the time in the world and I really just want to learn doing something really high-end. Also, excuse me if my language isn't the best, I'm not a native. Anyway. Thanks in advance to anyone, who takes the time to help me out here. PS. When I do seem to come up w/ a good architecture/design for this project, I will certainly make it an open project and keep you guys up to date w/ it's development. As in what you could have told me earlier and etc. For obvious reasons the very same question got closed on SO, but could you guys still help me?.

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• ????????????????? Oracle Solaris ??? - Solaris 11 ????(??)

  - by kazun

  ???????????????? OS ????????????????????? 20 ??????????????????? Solaris?????????????????????? OS????????????????????????Solaris ???????????????????? ??????Oracle Solaris ??????????????6??????????????????Oracle Solaris ?????????????????????? [????????????] ?????(????????????? ???)?????(??????????????)?????(??????????????)?????(????????)???? ?(?????????????????)?????(???????????)(50??) Solaris????? ??: Solaris ??????????????????????????????????????Solaris ??Solaris ???????????????????????????? 10 ??? Solaris ?????????????????????? OS ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? OS ???? Solaris ?????? ??: Solaris ????????????????????????????OS?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???: ??????????????????????? 15 ??????????????????????????????????????????? Solaris ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????5 ???10 ??????????????????????????? Solaris ???????????? ??: ??? Solaris ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? OS ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??: ??????? OS ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????DTrace ????????????????????????????? Solaris ???????? ???: 1980 ?????Sun ???????OS???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?Solaris ????1988?????Sun ? AT&T ? System V Release 4.0 ?????????????Sun ????????? System V Release 4.0 ?????????? Unix OS ??? SunOS 5.0(?? 1992 ????????? Solaris 2.0)???????????????????? SMP ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????Solaris 2.0 ?????????????? OS ????????(?)???????????????????????????????? 2.1, 2.2, 2.3 ??????????? 2.0 ????????????????? ??: Solaris ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????OS?????????? ??: ????????????????????????? ???: ????????????????? OS ??????????? x86 ? SPARC ? 2 ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? CPU ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? Solaris ??? ????? ?? Solaris 2.0 - 2.1 AT&T ? UNIX System V Release 4 ??????????????SMP/?????????????????API ????? SunOS 5.0 ????????Solaris 2.0 ????x86 ?? SPARC ?? Solaris 2.1 ?????????????????????????????? Solaris 2.2 - 2.4 - ???????? (SVR4 ??) - ???????????(2.5.1 ?? PowerPC ?????????) - 2.4 ?? x86 ?????????????????? Solaris 2.6?Solaris 7(2.7 ??????) 64 bit ??(Itanium ?????) Solaris 8 - 9 ?????????? Solaris 10 - 11 ??????????????????(OS ????????????????) Solaris??????? ??: ?????????????????????????????????????????Solaris ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??: ?????????????????? OS ???????????Solaris 2.3 ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???: ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? OS ????????????? Solaris ??????? ??: ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??: ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????DTrace ?????????????????????????????????? ??: ????Solaris ? UNIX ????????????????????????????????????? OS ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? Solaris ????????????????????????????????????????????????? OS ??????????????????? Solaris ???????? ??: ??????????????????????????1?? OS ?????????????? OS ??????????????????????????????????????Solaris ????? 1 ?? Solaris ??????????????????OS????????????????? ???: Legacy Container ????????????? Solaris(Solaris 8?Solaris 9) ???????????? ??: Solaris 10 ?????? SMF(Service Management Facility) ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??: SMF?FMA (Fault Management Architecture)?????????????????????????????? Solaris ?????????????????????????? ???: ????????????????????????? ??: ?????????????????????1???????????????????????????????????????? Sun ??????????The Network Is The Computer???? ??: ??????Solaris 10 ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? Solaris?????? ??: Solaris ?????????????????????Sun ?????????????(? 20 ??)??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????Sun ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????Sun ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???: Solaris ????? SunOS ????????????????????????? OS ??????? ??: ??????????????????????????????Sun ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??: 1990 ??????????????????? Solaris ???????? ???: ?????X Windows ???? Sun ??????????NeWS??????????????????????????????X Windows ??????????????????????????????????????? Sun ? Solaris ???????????????????????? ??: ???????Solaris ??????????????? OS ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??: ????????????????????? Solaris ????????????ZFS ???????????????????????????????? ??: ????? OS ??????? Solaris ??????(???)??????????????? ???: Solaris ???????????????????? Solaris??????Solaris 2.0 ???? 2 ??? 1 ??????????????(?????????)??????Solaris ? 2 ??????????????????????????????????????? 2 ????????????????????????????2 ??? 1 ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????OS???????????? ???: Solaris ?????? Solaris ????????????OS ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??: ??????????????????????????????????????????????(?)?????????????????????????????????????????????15 ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??: Solaris ??????? Solaris ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??: ????????????????????????????????????????????????Solaris ??????????????????????????? ???: ??????????????Solaris ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? Solaris ?????????? ??: Solaris ???????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??: ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???: 1994 ?????????????????????????????????????? ??: ??????????????????????????Solaris ????????????????????????????????????? ???: ???????????????? ??: ???Solaris ?????? 2 ?????????????????????????????????????? Solaris ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????OS?????????????????????????????????????????????????????Solaris ???????????? ??????Oracle Solaris ????????????6??????????????????Oracle Solaris ??????????????????????

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• Can ping device from one computer and not the other

  - by Sean Duggan

  I've recently been assigned to work on a diagnostic program done in C++ which communicates with a piece of electronic equipment. Our normal scenario involves communicating via an RS232 interface, but I've been asked to make our program work over ethernet, source code having been done in Visual Basic. After much thrashing about trying to get the code to work and continuing to get 10049 Winsock errors when I tried to connect, I tried pinging the switch. From the computer the VB program is running on, I can see the switch via ping, nslookup, tracert, and pathping (I was going down the list of programs) and I can do this via URI or IP address. From my laptop, sending the same commands fails every time. They're both using the same network cable and the same USB-to-Ethernet device (I've been swapping them between tests) but one can see the switch and the other cannot. I'm working on the programming end, but the ping results makes me think that there might be a network issue stymieing me. wry grin I'm not much of a network guy, so I'm appealing to expert assistance. Both computers are running Windows XP if that helps. The connection is to an "IP-RS8" device which then connects to our VCU-C units. Each unit is accessible via URI or IP address on the desktop computer we usually have connected to the units (it's running the older VB program that I was asked to lift the networking code from). The connection is made via a USB-to-Ethernet adapter so as to leave the regular Ethernet port available for connecting to the company network. Hmm... come to think of it, I've probably been confusing the issue, talking about pinging "the switch" rather than indicating that it's the devices. My apologies. Communication is generally done with a DLL that uses Winsock functions to make queries for data from the VCU and then to receive. I'm failing when connecting. I haven't found anything on the firewall which should block these commands, but I'll keep poking. I don't know if it's potentially relevant, but on the desktop, the adapter maps to Local Area Connection 3 while on the laptop, it consistently maps to Local Area Connection 2. Currently reading up on DHCP. IPConfig /all results: Desktop Host Name . . . . . . . . . . . . : AMERDAEXXXXXX Primary Dns Suffix . . . . . . . : amer.example.com Node Type . . . . . . . . . . . . : Hybrid IP Routing Enabled. . . . . . . . : No WINS Proxy Enabled. . . . . . . . : No DNS Suffix Search List. . . . . . : COMPANY.com amer.example.com atle.example.com cone.example.com apac.example.com scan.example.com bYX.example.com Ethernet adapter Local Area Connection X: Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : amer.example.com Description . . . . . . . . . . . : Broadcom NetXtreme XYxx Gigabit Controller Physical Address. . . . . . . . . : YY-XX-YB-XX-XX-XX Dhcp Enabled. . . . . . . . . . . : Yes Autoconfiguration Enabled . . . . : Yes IP Address. . . . . . . . . . . . : XYY.XXX.XY.XXX Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : XXX.XXX.XXY.Y Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : XYY.XXX.XY.X DHCP Server . . . . . . . . . . . : XY.XXX.XXY.XX DNS Servers . . . . . . . . . . . : XY.XXX.XXY.XX XY.XXY.XXY.XX Primary WINS Server . . . . . . . : XY.XXX.XXY.X Secondary WINS Server . . . . . . : XY.XXY.XXY.X Lease Obtained. . . . . . . . . . : Thursday, July XX, XYXX XY:XX:XX AM Lease Expires . . . . . . . . . . : Sunday, July XX, XYXX XY:XX:XX AM Ethernet adapter Local Area Connection X: Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : Description . . . . . . . . . . . : ASIX axYYYYX USBX.Y to Fast Ethernet Adapter Physical Address. . . . . . . . . : YY-XY-BY-YX-XY-AY Dhcp Enabled. . . . . . . . . . . : Yes Autoconfiguration Enabled . . . . : Yes IP Address. . . . . . . . . . . . : XY.Y.Y.X Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : XXX.XXX.XXY.Y Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : XY.Y.Y.X DHCP Server . . . . . . . . . . . : XY.Y.Y.XY DNS Servers . . . . . . . . . . . : XY.Y.Y.X Lease Obtained. . . . . . . . . . : Thursday, July XX, XYXX XY:XX:XY AM Lease Expires . . . . . . . . . . : Tuesday, August YX, XYXX XX:XY:XY AM Laptop Windows IP Configuration Host Name . . . . . . . . . . . . : AMERLAFYYXXYX Primary Dns Suffix . . . . . . . : amer.example.com Node Type . . . . . . . . . . . . : Hybrid IP Routing Enabled. . . . . . . . : No WINS Proxy Enabled. . . . . . . . : No DNS Suffix Search List. . . . . . : COMPANY.com amer.example.com atle.example.com cone.example.com apac.example.com scan.example.com bYX.example.com Ethernet adapter Local Area Connection: Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : amer.example.com Description . . . . . . . . . . . : Intel(R) 82567LM Gigabit Network Connection Physical Address. . . . . . . . . : YY-XY-BY-DY-XB-YX Dhcp Enabled. . . . . . . . . . . : Yes Autoconfiguration Enabled . . . . : Yes IP Address. . . . . . . . . . . . : XYY.XXX.XY.XY Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : XXX.XXX.XXY.Y Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : XYY.XXX.XY.X DHCP Server . . . . . . . . . . . : XY.XXX.XXY.XX DNS Servers . . . . . . . . . . . : XY.XXX.XXY.XX XY.XXY.XXY.XX Primary WINS Server . . . . . . . : XY.XXX.XXY.X Secondary WINS Server . . . . . . : XY.XXY.XXY.X Lease Obtained. . . . . . . . . . : Thursday, July XX, XYXX XX:XX:XX AM Lease Expires . . . . . . . . . . : Sunday, July XX, XYXX XX:XX:XX AM Ethernet adapter {XYXAAYXX-YEDY-XXYX-YYEX-BYXYXXYEEYEX}: Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : Description . . . . . . . . . . . : Nortel IPSECSHM Adapter - Packet Scheduler iniport Physical Address. . . . . . . . . : XX-XX-XX-XX-XX-YY Dhcp Enabled. . . . . . . . . . . : No IP Address. . . . . . . . . . . . : Y.Y.Y.Y Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : Y.Y.Y.Y Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : Ethernet adapter Leaf Networks Adapter: Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : Description . . . . . . . . . . . : Leaf Networks Adapter Physical Address. . . . . . . . . : YY-FF-FA-BC-YF-AY Dhcp Enabled. . . . . . . . . . . : No IP Address. . . . . . . . . . . . : X.XYY.XY.XX Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : XXX.Y.Y.Y Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : Ethernet adapter Local Area Connection 3: Media State . . . . . . . . . . . : Media disconnected Description . . . . . . . . . . . : Bluetooth LAN Access Server Driver Physical Address. . . . . . . . . : YY-FX-AX-YA-BY-CA Ethernet adapter Wireless Network Connection 2: Media State . . . . . . . . . . . : Media disconnected Description . . . . . . . . . . . : Intel(R) WiFi Link 5300 AGN Physical Address. . . . . . . . . : YY-XX-YA-CX-FC-YE Ethernet adapter Local Area Connection 2: Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : Description . . . . . . . . . . . : ASIX ax88772 USB2.0 to Fast Ethernet Adapter Physical Address. . . . . . . . . : YY-XY-BY-YX-XY-AY Dhcp Enabled. . . . . . . . . . . : No IP Address. . . . . . . . . . . . : XYX.XYY.X.X Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : XXX.XXX.XXX.Y Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . :

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• Windows 7 laptop with two active network connections will not perform DNS AAAA lookup under certain conditions

  - by Jeff Loughridge

  My laptop has two network interfaces. The Ethernet interface connects directly to my provider's edge router. It obtains an IPv6 address via SLAAC. I manually set an IPv6 DNS server. The wireless interface connects to a CPE router that doesn't understand IPv6. If the wireless interface is disabled, I can reach the IPv6 Internet with no problems using the Ethernet interface. I run into problems when both interfaces are enabled and the wireless interface get its IPv4 DNS server via DHCP. Let's look at two scenarios. Wireless interface obtains IPv4 DNS server via DHCP - The CPE router (192.168.0.1) sends its address as the DNS server. In this scenario, Windows 7 will not perform AAAA lookups. The browser uses IPv4 transit to reach dual stack web sites. I can't reach IPv6-only web sites using domain names. I can reach IPv6-enabled web sites using IPv6 literals instead of the domain name. Wireless interface is manually configured with OpenDNS DNS server - Windows 7 performs AAAA lookups using IPv6 transit (via the Ethernet). Everything works fine. My dual homed set-up is definitely not standard. Still, the behavior is very strange to me. A valid IPv6 interface exists in my Ethernet interface. Why won't Windows attempt AAAA lookups in scenario #1? I've included the output of ipconfig /all and netstat -rn. C:\Program Files\Console>ipconfig /all Windows IP Configuration Host Name . . . . . . . . . . . . : jake Primary Dns Suffix . . . . . . . : Node Type . . . . . . . . . . . . : Hybrid IP Routing Enabled. . . . . . . . : No WINS Proxy Enabled. . . . . . . . : No DNS Suffix Search List. . . . . . : res.openband.net Wireless LAN adapter Wireless Network Connection 2: Media State . . . . . . . . . . . : Media disconnected Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : Description . . . . . . . . . . . : Microsoft Virtual WiFi Miniport Adapter Physical Address. . . . . . . . . : C0-CB-38-06-54-F9 DHCP Enabled. . . . . . . . . . . : Yes Autoconfiguration Enabled . . . . : Yes Wireless LAN adapter Wireless Network Connection: Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : res.openband.net Description . . . . . . . . . . . : DW1520 Wireless-N WLAN Half-Mini Card Physical Address. . . . . . . . . : C0-CB-38-06-54-F9 DHCP Enabled. . . . . . . . . . . : Yes Autoconfiguration Enabled . . . . : Yes Link-local IPv6 Address . . . . . : fe80::fc39:9293:7d01:4a75%13(Preferred) IPv4 Address. . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.0.105(Preferred) Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.0 Lease Obtained. . . . . . . . . . : Wednesday, July 11, 2012 7:35:21 AM Lease Expires . . . . . . . . . . : Thursday, July 12, 2012 9:49:46 AM Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.0.1 DHCP Server . . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.0.1 DHCPv6 IAID . . . . . . . . . . . : 364956472 DHCPv6 Client DUID. . . . . . . . : 00-01-00-01-17-80-F8-14-5C-26-0A-03-23-5C DNS Servers . . . . . . . . . . . : 208.67.222.222 NetBIOS over Tcpip. . . . . . . . : Enabled Ethernet adapter Local Area Connection: Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : res.openband.net Description . . . . . . . . . . . : Intel(R) 82577LM Gigabit Network Connection Physical Address. . . . . . . . . : 5C-26-0A-03-23-5C DHCP Enabled. . . . . . . . . . . : Yes Autoconfiguration Enabled . . . . : Yes IPv6 Address. . . . . . . . . . . : 2607:2600:1:850:c0e9:211a:fd05:4e0b(Preferred) Temporary IPv6 Address. . . . . . : 2607:2600:1:850:3d29:1839:62db:c4c1(Preferred) Link-local IPv6 Address . . . . . : fe80::c0e9:211a:fd05:4e0b%12(Preferred) IPv4 Address. . . . . . . . . . . : 10.52.2.51(Preferred) Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.254.0 Lease Obtained. . . . . . . . . . : Monday, July 09, 2012 8:55:07 AM Lease Expires . . . . . . . . . . : Thursday, July 12, 2012 7:30:05 AM Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : fe80::214:6aff:fe51:7f3f%12 10.52.2.1 DHCP Server . . . . . . . . . . . : 216.40.77.244 DNS Servers . . . . . . . . . . . : 2620:0:ccc::2 2620:0:ccd::2 216.40.77.126 216.40.77.244 NetBIOS over Tcpip. . . . . . . . : Enabled Ethernet adapter VMware Network Adapter VMnet1: Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : Description . . . . . . . . . . . : VMware Virtual Ethernet Adapter for VMnet1 Physical Address. . . . . . . . . : 00-50-56-C0-00-01 DHCP Enabled. . . . . . . . . . . : No Autoconfiguration Enabled . . . . : Yes Link-local IPv6 Address . . . . . : fe80::4c61:495b:229e:281e%14(Preferred) IPv4 Address. . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.40.1(Preferred) Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.0 Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : DHCPv6 IAID . . . . . . . . . . . : 469782614 DHCPv6 Client DUID. . . . . . . . : 00-01-00-01-17-80-F8-14-5C-26-0A-03-23-5C DNS Servers . . . . . . . . . . . : fec0:0:0:ffff::1%1 fec0:0:0:ffff::2%1 fec0:0:0:ffff::3%1 NetBIOS over Tcpip. . . . . . . . : Enabled Ethernet adapter VMware Network Adapter VMnet8: Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : Description . . . . . . . . . . . : VMware Virtual Ethernet Adapter for VMnet8 Physical Address. . . . . . . . . : 00-50-56-C0-00-08 DHCP Enabled. . . . . . . . . . . : No Autoconfiguration Enabled . . . . : Yes Link-local IPv6 Address . . . . . : fe80::f996:61eb:8c00:45e6%15(Preferred) IPv4 Address. . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.17.1(Preferred) Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.0 Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : DHCPv6 IAID . . . . . . . . . . . : 486559830 DHCPv6 Client DUID. . . . . . . . : 00-01-00-01-17-80-F8-14-5C-26-0A-03-23-5C DNS Servers . . . . . . . . . . . : fec0:0:0:ffff::1%1 fec0:0:0:ffff::2%1 fec0:0:0:ffff::3%1 NetBIOS over Tcpip. . . . . . . . : Enabled C:\Program Files\Console>netstat -rn =========================================================================== Interface List 17...c0 cb 38 06 54 f9 ......Microsoft Virtual WiFi Miniport Adapter 13...c0 cb 38 06 54 f9 ......DW1520 Wireless-N WLAN Half-Mini Card 12...5c 26 0a 03 23 5c ......Intel(R) 82577LM Gigabit Network Connection 11...5c ac 4c f8 b8 55 ......Bluetooth Device (Personal Area Network) 14...00 50 56 c0 00 01 ......VMware Virtual Ethernet Adapter for VMnet1 15...00 50 56 c0 00 08 ......VMware Virtual Ethernet Adapter for VMnet8 1...........................Software Loopback Interface 1 =========================================================================== IPv4 Route Table =========================================================================== Active Routes: Network Destination Netmask Gateway Interface Metric 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.52.2.1 10.52.2.51 10 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.0.1 192.168.0.105 100 10.52.2.0 255.255.254.0 On-link 10.52.2.51 261 10.52.2.51 255.255.255.255 On-link 10.52.2.51 261 10.52.3.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 10.52.2.51 261 127.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 127.0.0.1 255.255.255.255 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 127.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 192.168.0.0 255.255.255.0 On-link 192.168.0.105 306 192.168.0.105 255.255.255.255 On-link 192.168.0.105 306 192.168.0.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 192.168.0.105 306 192.168.17.0 255.255.255.0 On-link 192.168.17.1 276 192.168.17.1 255.255.255.255 On-link 192.168.17.1 276 192.168.17.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 192.168.17.1 276 192.168.40.0 255.255.255.0 On-link 192.168.40.1 276 192.168.40.1 255.255.255.255 On-link 192.168.40.1 276 192.168.40.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 192.168.40.1 276 224.0.0.0 240.0.0.0 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 224.0.0.0 240.0.0.0 On-link 10.52.2.51 261 224.0.0.0 240.0.0.0 On-link 192.168.0.105 306 224.0.0.0 240.0.0.0 On-link 192.168.40.1 276 224.0.0.0 240.0.0.0 On-link 192.168.17.1 276 255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 10.52.2.51 261 255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 192.168.0.105 306 255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 192.168.40.1 276 255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 192.168.17.1 276 =========================================================================== Persistent Routes: None IPv6 Route Table =========================================================================== Active Routes: If Metric Network Destination Gateway 12 261 ::/0 fe80::214:6aff:fe51:7f3f 1 306 ::1/128 On-link 12 13 2607:2600:1:850::/64 On-link 12 261 2607:2600:1:850:3d29:1839:62db:c4c1/128 On-link 12 261 2607:2600:1:850:c0e9:211a:fd05:4e0b/128 On-link 12 261 fe80::/64 On-link 13 281 fe80::/64 On-link 14 276 fe80::/64 On-link 15 276 fe80::/64 On-link 14 276 fe80::4c61:495b:229e:281e/128 On-link 12 261 fe80::c0e9:211a:fd05:4e0b/128 On-link 15 276 fe80::f996:61eb:8c00:45e6/128 On-link 13 281 fe80::fc39:9293:7d01:4a75/128 On-link 1 306 ff00::/8 On-link 12 261 ff00::/8 On-link 13 281 ff00::/8 On-link 14 276 ff00::/8 On-link 15 276 ff00::/8 On-link =========================================================================== Persistent Routes: None

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• High apache load but little traffic logged

  - by nrambeck

  I recently installed Varnish to sit in front of Apache on a dedicated server running a single site. It appears to be working well, but the load on Apache is still very high. What doesn't make sense is that the Apache access log shows almost no traffic getting past Varnish. When I tail the apache log I see about 1-3 hits per second come through. Here is what the load on Apache looks like : USER PID %CPU %MEM VSZ RSS TTY STAT START TIME COMMAND apache 13834 8.1 1.0 107716 34164 ? S 08:24 0:02 /usr/sbin/httpd apache 13835 8.1 1.0 107716 33856 ? S 08:24 0:02 /usr/sbin/httpd apache 11483 7.9 0.9 105916 30788 ? S 08:23 0:06 /usr/sbin/httpd apache 12255 7.5 1.0 107476 33312 ? S 08:24 0:04 /usr/sbin/httpd apache 9340 7.2 1.1 107732 34916 ? R 08:23 0:09 /usr/sbin/httpd apache 12029 6.8 0.9 106908 30416 ? S 08:24 0:04 /usr/sbin/httpd apache 11577 6.7 1.0 107192 34180 ? S 08:24 0:05 /usr/sbin/httpd apache 11486 6.6 1.0 106176 33112 ? S 08:23 0:05 /usr/sbin/httpd apache 11796 6.4 1.0 106936 31916 ? S 08:24 0:04 /usr/sbin/httpd apache 13815 6.3 1.0 107988 34464 ? S 08:24 0:02 /usr/sbin/httpd apache 18089 6.3 1.3 107444 43212 ? S 08:11 0:52 /usr/sbin/httpd apache 11797 5.9 1.0 107716 34580 ? S 08:24 0:04 /usr/sbin/httpd apache 7655 5.9 0.0 0 0 ? Z 08:22 0:09 [httpd] <defunct> mysql 8033 5.9 6.2 318240 199512 ? Sl May14 352:34 /usr/libexec/mysqld --basedir=/usr --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --user=mysql --pid-file=/va apache 11488 5.8 0.9 106924 31632 ? S 08:23 0:04 /usr/sbin/httpd apache 9375 5.7 1.1 106956 35552 ? S 08:23 0:07 /usr/sbin/httpd apache 3551 5.6 1.1 106956 36140 ? S 08:20 0:14 /usr/sbin/httpd apache 7657 5.6 1.0 106968 32472 ? S 08:22 0:09 /usr/sbin/httpd apache 11433 5.6 1.0 107716 34396 ? S 08:23 0:04 /usr/sbin/httpd apache 5505 5.5 1.1 106944 34924 ? S 08:21 0:12 /usr/sbin/httpd apache 7172 5.3 1.1 106972 35368 ? S 08:22 0:09 /usr/sbin/httpd apache 10088 5.2 0.9 106160 31240 ? S 08:23 0:04 /usr/sbin/httpd apache 7656 5.1 1.0 106436 34388 ? S 08:22 0:08 /usr/sbin/httpd apache 3468 5.0 1.1 107716 35968 ? S 08:20 0:13 /usr/sbin/httpd apache 14242 4.8 1.0 107728 33032 ? S 08:25 0:00 /usr/sbin/httpd apache 3578 4.8 1.1 107988 35964 ? S 08:20 0:12 /usr/sbin/httpd apache 28192 4.8 1.2 106944 38060 ? S 08:17 0:23 /usr/sbin/httpd apache 3277 4.6 1.1 106956 35688 ? S 08:20 0:13 /usr/sbin/httpd apache 15434 3.7 0.7 106908 24684 ? S 08:25 0:00 /usr/sbin/httpd There is a default apache log and then one other VirtualHost log setup. I'm concerned that Apache is handling some kind of traffic that is not being logged. Is that possible? And is there anything I can do to capture that traffic?

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• FFSERVER - streaming an ASF video as Webm output

  - by Emmanuel Brunet

  I'm trying to stream an IP webcam ASF live stream to a ffserver to output a webm video format. The server starts successfully but the ffserver commands used to feed the ffserver fails and generates a core dump. Environment Debian 7.5 ffmpeg 2.2 Input stream $ ffprobe http://account:password@webcam/videostream.asf Input #0, asf, from 'http://admin:alpha1237@webcam/videostream.asf': Duration: N/A, start: 0.000000, bitrate: 32 kb/s Stream #0:0: Video: mjpeg (MJPG / 0x47504A4D), yuvj422p(pc), 640x480, 25 tbr, 1k tbn, 1k tbc Stream #0:1: Audio: adpcm_ima_wav ([17][0][0][0] / 0x0011), 8000 Hz, 1 channels, s16p, 32 kb/s ffserver configuration my ffserver configuration is : Port 8091 RTSPPort 554 BindAddress 192.168.1.62 MaxHTTPConnections 1000 MaxClients 100 MaxBandwidth 1000 CustomLog - <Feed webcam.ffm> File /tmp/webcam.ffm FileMaxSize 500M ACL allow localhost ACL allow 192.168.0.0 192.168.255.255 </Feed> <Stream webcam.webm> # Output stream URL definition Feed webcam.ffm # Feed from which to receive video Format webm # Audio settings AudioCodec vorbis AudioBitRate 64 # Audio bitrate # Video settings VideoCodec libvpx VideoSize 640x480 # Video resolution VideoFrameRate 25 # Video FPS AVOptionVideo flags +global_header # Parameters passed to encoder # (same as ffmpeg command-line parameters) AVOptionVideo cpu-used 0 AVOptionVideo qmin 10 AVOptionVideo qmax 42 AVOptionVideo quality good AVOptionAudio flags +global_header PreRoll 15 StartSendOnKey # VideoBitRate 32 # Video bitrate </Stream> <Stream status.html> Format status # Only allow local people to get the status ACL allow localhost ACL allow 192.168.0.0 192.168.255.255 </Stream> ffmpeg feed I run the following command that fails $ ffmpeg -i http://account:password@webcam/videostream.asf http://192.168.1.62:8091/webcam.ffm http://192.168.1.62:8091/webcam.ffm Input #0, asf, from 'http://account:password@webcam/videostream.asf': Duration: N/A, start: 0.000000, bitrate: 32 kb/s Stream #0:0: Video: mjpeg (MJPG / 0x47504A4D), yuvj422p(pc), 640x480, 25 tbr, 1k tbn, 1k tbc Stream #0:1: Audio: adpcm_ima_wav ([17][0][0][0] / 0x0011), 8000 Hz, mono, s16p, 32 kb/s [swscaler @ 0x36a80c0] deprecated pixel format used, make sure you did set range correctly Segmentation fault I tryed $ ffmpeg -i http://account:password@webcam/videostream.asf -pix_fmt yuv420p http://192.168.1.62:8091/webcam.ffm But it raises the same error. Thanks for your help Edit For an easy testing (I thought), I tried to publish the whole ASF stream as is, meaning connecting the ASF webcam output stream to the ffserver that outputs ASF format too. And thus with mirrored encoding so I changed the ffserver configuration to ... <Stream webcam.asf> Feed webcam.ffm Format asf VideoFrameRate 25 VideoSize 640X480 VideoBitRate 256 VideoBufferSize 1000 VideoGopSize 30 AudioBitRate 32 StartSendOnKey </Stream> ... And the output is now : Input #0, asf, from 'http://admin:alpha1237@webcam/videostream.asf': Duration: N/A, start: 0.000000, bitrate: 32 kb/s Stream #0:0: Video: mjpeg (MJPG / 0x47504A4D), yuvj422p(pc), 640x480, 1k tbr, 1k tbn, 1k tbc Stream #0:1: Audio: adpcm_ima_wav ([17][0][0][0] / 0x0011), 8000 Hz, mono, s16p, 32 kb/s [swscaler @ 0x3d620c0] deprecated pixel format used, make sure you did set range correctly Output #0, ffm, to 'http://192.168.1.62:8091/webcam.ffm': Metadata: creation_time : now encoder : Lavf55.40.100 Stream #0:0: Audio: wmav2, 22050 Hz, mono, fltp, 32 kb/s Metadata: encoder : Lavc55.64.100 wmav2 Stream #0:1: Video: msmpeg4v3 (msmpeg4), yuv420p, 640x480, q=2-31, 256 kb/s, 1k fps, 1000k tbn, 1k tbc Metadata: Stream mapping: Stream #0:1 -> #0:0 (adpcm_ima_wav -> wmav2) Stream #0:0 -> #0:1 (mjpeg -> msmpeg4) Press [q] to stop, [?] for help Segmentation fault I can't even forward the stream.

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• Locating Rogue Perl Script

  - by Gary Garside

  I've been trying to source the location of a perl script which is causing havoc on a server which i control. I'm also trying to find out exactly how this script was installed on the server - my best guess is through a wordpress exploit. The server is a basic web setup running Ubuntu 9.04, Apache and MySQL. I use IPTables for firewall, the site runs around 20 sites and the load never really creeps above 0.7. From what i can see the script is making outbound connection to other servers (most likely trying to brute force entry). Here is a top dump of one of the processes: PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 22569 www-data 20 0 22784 3216 780 R 100 0.2 47:00.60 perl The command the process is running is /usr/sbin/sshd . I've tried to find an exact file name but im having no luck... i've ran a lsof -p PID and here is the output: COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE NODE NAME perl 22569 www-data cwd DIR 8,6 4096 2 / perl 22569 www-data rtd DIR 8,6 4096 2 / perl 22569 www-data txt REG 8,6 10336 162220 /usr/bin/perl perl 22569 www-data mem REG 8,6 26936 170219 /usr/lib/perl/5.10.0/auto/Socket/Socket.so perl 22569 www-data mem REG 8,6 22808 170214 /usr/lib/perl/5.10.0/auto/IO/IO.so perl 22569 www-data mem REG 8,6 39112 145112 /lib/libcrypt-2.9.so perl 22569 www-data mem REG 8,6 1502512 145124 /lib/libc-2.9.so perl 22569 www-data mem REG 8,6 130151 145113 /lib/libpthread-2.9.so perl 22569 www-data mem REG 8,6 542928 145122 /lib/libm-2.9.so perl 22569 www-data mem REG 8,6 14608 145125 /lib/libdl-2.9.so perl 22569 www-data mem REG 8,6 1503704 162222 /usr/lib/libperl.so.5.10.0 perl 22569 www-data mem REG 8,6 135680 145116 /lib/ld-2.9.so perl 22569 www-data 0r FIFO 0,6 157216 pipe perl 22569 www-data 1w FIFO 0,6 197642 pipe perl 22569 www-data 2w FIFO 0,6 197642 pipe perl 22569 www-data 3w FIFO 0,6 197642 pipe perl 22569 www-data 4u IPv4 383991 TCP outsidesoftware.com:56869->server12.34.56.78.live-servers.net:www (ESTABLISHED) My gut feeling is outsidesoftware.com is also under attacK? Or possibly being used as a tunnel. I've managed to find a number of rouge files in /tmp and /var/tmp, here is a brief output of one of these files: #!/usr/bin/perl # this spreader is coded by xdh # xdh@xxxxxxxxxxx # only for testing... my @nickname = ("vn"); my $nick = $nickname[rand scalar @nickname]; my $ircname = $nickname[rand scalar @nickname]; #system("kill -9 `ps ax |grep httpdse |grep -v grep|awk '{print $1;}'`"); my $processo = '/usr/sbin/sshd'; The full file contents can be viewed here: http://pastebin.com/yenFRrGP Im trying to achieve a couple of things here... Firstly i need to stop these processes from running. Either by disabling outbound SSH or any IP Tables rules etc... these scripts have been running for around 36 hours now and my main concern is to stop these things running and respawning by themselves. Secondly i need to try and source where and how these scripts have been installed. If anybody has any advise on what to look for in access logs or anything else i would be really grateful. Thanks in advance

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• Setting up Edimax EW-7206APg as Universal Repeater

  - by Ondra Žižka

  Hi, I've troubles setting up Edimax EW-7206APg as a Universal Repeater. I've read few manuals, but they are unclear on certain points. I've managed the repeater to get to a state when it's in a "connected" state. I've set the same WPA passphrase as the router has because I haven't seen any other place to set it at. These are my settings: System Uptime 0day:1h:33m:11s Hardware Version Rev. A Runtime Code Version 1.32 Wireless Configuration Mode Universal Repeater ESSID edimax Channel Number 6 Security WPA-shared key BSSID 00:c0:9f:40:bd:38 Associated Clients 0 Wireless Repeater Interface Configuration ESSID Dusan Security WPA BSSID 00:4f:62:23:8f:7e State Connected LAN Configuration IP Address 192.168.0.10 Subnet Mask 255.255.255.0 Default Gateway 192.168.0.1 MAC Address 00:c0:9f:40:bd:37 This is ipconfig /all: Prípona DNS podle pripojení . . . : riomail.cz Popis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : Intel(R) PRO/Wireless 2200BG Network Connection Fyzická Adresa. . . . . . . . . . : 00-0E-35-3D-77-68 Protokol DHCP povolen . . . . . . : Ano Automatická konfigurace povolena : Ano Adresa IP . . . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.0.5 Maska podsíte . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.0 Výchozí brána . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.0.1 Server DHCP . . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.0.1 Servery DNS . . . . . . . . . . . : 94.74.192.252 94.74.192.244 I can ping the repeater, I can ping the root AP, but not a DNS server or any other IP beyond the root AP. Anyone has an idea what's wrong? Thanks, Ondra

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• Useful software for netbook?

  - by Moayad Mardini

  I'm looking for recommendations of good software that are particularly useful for netbooks. Software that run great on small screens and low CPU/RAM requirments. I'll start off with the following : Operating Systems: Ubuntu Netbook Remix. Easy Peasy: A fork of Ubuntu Netbook Remix that was once called UBuntu EEE. It isn't just for eeePCs though. Definitely worth a look if vanilla Netbook Remix isn't cutting it. (MarkM) Damn Small Linux (Source) Windows 7: With trimming the installation or compressing the Windows directory to fit on an 8GB SSD. (Will Eddins) nLite: A utility to install a lightweight version of Windows XP without the unnecessary components (like Media Player, Internet Explorer, Outlook Express, MSN Explorer, Messenger...). Utilites: TouchFreeze: To disable the touch pad while typing (Source) InSSIDer: Not only does it make it easier to find and keep a wireless connection, but it turns a netbook into the perfect mobile tool for troubleshooting wireless networks. (phenry) AltMove: Adds more functionality to your mouse for interacting with windows. (Rob) ASUS Font Resizer Utility and other tools by ASUS, specific to ASUS Eee PC series. Internet: Run FileZilla FTP client for a small screen : You can hide a lot of FileZilla's interface parts in the View menu, even the directory trees. Go into Settings = Interface and move the message log next to the transfer queue, if you haven't hidden them both or you want to see them. Select a theme with 16x16 icons. (Source) IDEs and Text Editors: Best lightweight IDE/Text Editor: A question on Stack Overflow that has many good suggestions of IDEs and general text editors for programmers. What’s a good linux C/C++ IDE for a low-res screen?: IDEs for Linux-powered netbooks. Online tools: Dropbox: Since the Netbook has limited disk space, you would like to use Cloud Apps like Dropbox and Ubuntu One so that you don't run out of space especially if you are on a holiday. Later when you go back to your desktop with big hard disk,you can take out the files from your dropbox repo. (Manish Sinha) Google products: like Docs, Calendar and Reader (aviraldg) Web sites and software lists: Netbookfiles.com: Netbook specific software downloads. Software Apps to Maximise your Netbook Battery Power: Netbooks are known for their portability. Not only are they small and lightweight but with their increased power efficiency, batteries can last much longer than conventional laptops. This also means you no longer have to carry a power adapter with you! Several brands emphasis the longevity of the battery as a strong selling point, and for those people who travel a lot, it sure is. Free Must-Have Netbook Apps: Finding software for netbooks can present challenges due to limited hard drive space, processor power, RAM, and screen real-estate. That doesn't mean you have to do without essential programs. The apps below cover all the bases -- entertainment, productivity, security, and communication -- without compromising on performance or usability. Best of all, they're free! Useful Netbook Software: With short battery lives and small resolution screens Netbooks, unlike many other computers on the market, could so with some specific software for their use. Now, not all of those I’ve found are specifically designed for Netbooks, but all are relevant. And they’re designed for Windows XP. The question is community wiki, so feel free to edit it. Updated, thank you all for suggestions.

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• Ubuntu: Failure to login with multiple video adapters

  - by tsilb

  Forgive my ignorance, for I am a complete linux noob. I have a computer with three video cards and six monitors. Works great on Windows. Trying to get it to run Ubuntu as well. It loads fine when I have it configured to run on one adapter; detects both screens, runs ok. But I want to turn the other 4 monitors on and run the whole thing as one extended desktop (one session, etc). So I downloaded and installed the newest ATI driver for Linux, which seems to work, kinda. I ran this to set up the screens: aticonfig --adapter=all --initial -f Now when I boot, Ubuntu seems to turn on all the screens (3 viewports, each with two cloned displays from what I can tell). When I enter my login info OR move the mouse off the main screen, the screens freeze and the kbd/ms become unresponsive. aticonfig generated xorg.conf included below. Have tried the following: aticonfig -initial -f - works, but only detects the primary adapter and 2 screens aticccle - Tells me I have to reboot after enabling the other cards. Then goes into above described freezing state. aticonfig --adapter=all --initial -f - see above Manually editing xorg.conf file with my limited knowledge - Was able to get two adapters running, but only the second adapter initialized while the primary stopped at the Ubuntu boot screen. Was unable to see the login prompt. Froze after I logged in blindly (was able to hear the login sound). Using generic "radeon" driver instead of ATI Proprietary driver with the above init attempts Toggling xinerama Various combinations of the above Hardware: Intel Core 2 Quad q6600 8GB DDR2 (3x) ATI Radeon HD 4680 5 monitors (21W, 21W, 22W Portrait, 22W Portrait, 19")and an HDTV (26"W, HDMI) in a horizontal arrangement I know next to nothing about Linux/Ubuntu aside from basic filesystem navigation, editing text files, and accessing my local and networked Windows stores and shares. Basically this is the most advanced thing I've had to do. I installed today. Please advise how to make this configuration work. my xorg.conf: Section "ServerLayout" Identifier "Layout0" Screen 0 "aticonfig-Screen[0]-0" 0 0 Screen "aticonfig-Screen[1]-0" RightOf "aticonfig-Screen[0]-0" Screen "aticonfig-Screen[2]-0" RightOf "aticonfig-Screen[1]-0" Option "RenderAccel" "true" Option "AllowGLXWithComposite" "true" EndSection Section "Files" EndSection Section "Module" EndSection Section "ServerFlags" Option "Xinerama" "0" EndSection Section "Monitor" Identifier "aticonfig-Monitor[0]-0" Option "VendorName" "ATI Proprietary Driver" Option "ModelName" "Generic Autodetecting Monitor" Option "DPMS" "true" EndSection Section "Monitor" Identifier "aticonfig-Monitor[1]-0" Option "VendorName" "ATI Proprietary Driver" Option "ModelName" "Generic Autodetecting Monitor" Option "DPMS" "true" EndSection Section "Monitor" Identifier "aticonfig-Monitor[2]-0" Option "VendorName" "ATI Proprietary Driver" Option "ModelName" "Generic Autodetecting Monitor" Option "DPMS" "true" EndSection Section "Device" Identifier "aticonfig-Device[0]-0" Driver "fglrx" BusID "PCI:1:0:0" EndSection Section "Device" Identifier "aticonfig-Device[1]-0" Driver "fglrx" BusID "PCI:3:0:0" EndSection Section "Device" Identifier "aticonfig-Device[2]-0" Driver "fglrx" BusID "PCI:4:0:0" EndSection Section "Screen" Identifier "aticonfig-Screen[0]-0" Device "aticonfig-Device[0]-0" Monitor "aticonfig-Monitor[0]-0" DefaultDepth 24 SubSection "Display" Viewport 0 0 Depth 24 EndSubSection EndSection Section "Screen" Identifier "aticonfig-Screen[1]-0" Device "aticonfig-Device[1]-0" Monitor "aticonfig-Monitor[1]-0" DefaultDepth 24 SubSection "Display" Viewport 0 0 Depth 24 EndSubSection EndSection Section "Screen" Identifier "aticonfig-Screen[2]-0" Device "aticonfig-Device[2]-0" Monitor "aticonfig-Monitor[2]-0" DefaultDepth 24 SubSection "Display" Viewport 0 0 Depth 24 EndSubSection EndSection

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• Dual head setup for Ubuntu 10.04.1 and Windows XP Pro with same hardware configuration

  - by mejpark

  Hello. I have a Dell OptiPlex 360 workstation at work, with 2 x ATI RV280 [Radeon 9200 PRO] graphics cards installed, which are attached to two identical 19" HII flat panel monitors. I'm using the open source Radeon driver with Ubuntu, and the proprietary drivers with Windows. The good news is that dual head configuration works for both OSes. The bad news is, I have to use a different hardware configuration for each OS to achieve this. Hardware config #1: Dual monitors work for Windows XP Pro like this: First display -> external VGA port Second display -> DVI input on gfx card Hardware config #2: Dual monitors work for Ubuntu 10.04.1 like this: First display -> VGA port on gfx card Second display -> DVI input on gfx card I connected up the displays according to Config #2 and booted up Windows, which resulted in a mirror image on both screens. I was unable to login, as the login box was not visible. I unplugged the VGA lead from gfx card and plugged it into the external VGA port (Config #1) - Windows dual head works again, but the VGA-connected screen is not recognised by Ubuntu and remains in standby mode. Is it possible to configure a dual head setup for Ubuntu using Config #1, or am I missing something? I tried setting up dual monitors using Config #1, this morning which didn't work. By default, there is no xorg.conf file in Ubuntu 10.04.1, so I generated one using: $ sudo X :2 -configure X.Org X Server 1.7.6 Release Date: 2010-03-17 X Protocol Version 11, Revision 0 Build Operating System: Linux 2.6.24-27-server i686 Ubuntu Current Operating System: Linux harrier 2.6.32-24-generic #42-Ubuntu SMP Fri Aug 20 14:24:04 UTC 2010 i686 Kernel command line: BOOT_IMAGE=/boot/vmlinuz-2.6.32-24-generic root=UUID=a34c1931-98d4-4a34-880c-c227a2936c4a ro quiet splash Build Date: 21 July 2010 12:47:34PM xorg-server 2:1.7.6-2ubuntu7.3 (For technical support please see http://www.ubuntu.com/support) Current version of pixman: 0.16.4 Before reporting problems, check http://wiki.x.org to make sure that you have the latest version. Markers: (--) probed, (**) from config file, (==) default setting, (++) from command line, (!!) notice, (II) informational, (WW) warning, (EE) error, (NI) not implemented, (??) unknown. (==) Log file: "/var/log/Xorg.2.log", Time: Mon Sep 13 10:02:02 2010 List of video drivers: apm ark intel mach64 s3virge trident mga tseng ati nouveau neomagic i740 openchrome voodoo s3 i128 radeon siliconmotion nv ztv vmware v4l chips rendition savage sisusb tdfx geode sis r128 cirrus fbdev vesa (++) Using config file: "/home/michael/xorg.conf.new" (==) Using config directory: "/usr/lib/X11/xorg.conf.d" (II) [KMS] No DRICreatePCIBusID symbol, no kernel modesetting. Xorg detected your mouse at device /dev/input/mice. Please check your config if the mouse is still not operational, as by default Xorg tries to autodetect the protocol. Xorg has configured a multihead system, please check your config. Your xorg.conf file is /home/michael/xorg.conf.new To test the server, run 'X -config /home/michael/xorg.conf.new' ddxSigGiveUp: Closing log $ sudo X -config /home/michael/xorg.conf.new Fatal server error: Server is already active for display 0 If this server is no longer running, remove /tmp/.X0-lock and start again. Please consult the The X.Org Foundation support at http://wiki.x.org for help. ddxSigGiveUp: Closing log I then booted Ubuntu in failsafe mode, dropped into root shell, and executed $ X -config /home/michael/xorg.conf.new again. The screen went blank and turned off, so I reset the machine. There must be a way round this. Any help to set up a dual head config for Ubuntu using Config #1 would be hugely appreciated. TIA, Mike

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• Squid w/ SquidGuard fails w/ "Too few redirector processes are running"

  - by DKNUCKLES

  I'm trying to implement a Squid proxy in a quick and easy fashion and I'm receiving some errors I have been unable to resolve. The box is a pre-made appliance, however it seems to fail on launch.The following is the cache.log file when I attempt to launch the squid service. 2012/11/18 22:14:29| Starting Squid Cache version 3.0.STABLE20-20091201 for i686 -pc-linux-gnu... 2012/11/18 22:14:29| Process ID 12647 2012/11/18 22:14:29| With 1024 file descriptors available 2012/11/18 22:14:29| Performing DNS Tests... 2012/11/18 22:14:29| Successful DNS name lookup tests... 2012/11/18 22:14:29| DNS Socket created at 0.0.0.0, port 40513, FD 8 2012/11/18 22:14:29| Adding nameserver 192.168.0.78 from /etc/resolv.conf 2012/11/18 22:14:29| Adding nameserver 8.8.8.8 from /etc/resolv.conf 2012/11/18 22:14:29| helperOpenServers: Starting 5/5 'bin' processes 2012/11/18 22:14:29| ipcCreate: /opt/squidguard/bin: (13) Permission denied 2012/11/18 22:14:29| ipcCreate: /opt/squidguard/bin: (13) Permission denied 2012/11/18 22:14:29| ipcCreate: /opt/squidguard/bin: (13) Permission denied 2012/11/18 22:14:29| ipcCreate: /opt/squidguard/bin: (13) Permission denied 2012/11/18 22:14:29| ipcCreate: /opt/squidguard/bin: (13) Permission denied 2012/11/18 22:14:29| helperOpenServers: Starting 5/5 'squid-auth.pl' processes 2012/11/18 22:14:29| User-Agent logging is disabled. 2012/11/18 22:14:29| Referer logging is disabled. 2012/11/18 22:14:29| Unlinkd pipe opened on FD 23 2012/11/18 22:14:29| Swap maxSize 10240000 + 8192 KB, estimated 788322 objects 2012/11/18 22:14:29| Target number of buckets: 39416 2012/11/18 22:14:29| Using 65536 Store buckets 2012/11/18 22:14:29| Max Mem size: 8192 KB 2012/11/18 22:14:29| Max Swap size: 10240000 KB 2012/11/18 22:14:29| Version 1 of swap file with LFS support detected... 2012/11/18 22:14:29| Rebuilding storage in /opt/squid3/var/cache (DIRTY) 2012/11/18 22:14:29| Using Least Load store dir selection 2012/11/18 22:14:29| Set Current Directory to /opt/squid3/var/cache 2012/11/18 22:14:29| Loaded Icons. 2012/11/18 22:14:29| Accepting HTTP connections at 10.0.0.6, port 3128, FD 25. 2012/11/18 22:14:29| Accepting ICP messages at 0.0.0.0, port 3130, FD 26. 2012/11/18 22:14:29| HTCP Disabled. 2012/11/18 22:14:29| Ready to serve requests. 2012/11/18 22:14:29| Done reading /opt/squid3/var/cache swaplog (0 entries) 2012/11/18 22:14:29| Finished rebuilding storage from disk. 2012/11/18 22:14:29| 0 Entries scanned 2012/11/18 22:14:29| 0 Invalid entries. 2012/11/18 22:14:29| 0 With invalid flags. 2012/11/18 22:14:29| 0 Objects loaded. 2012/11/18 22:14:29| 0 Objects expired. 2012/11/18 22:14:29| 0 Objects cancelled. 2012/11/18 22:14:29| 0 Duplicate URLs purged. 2012/11/18 22:14:29| 0 Swapfile clashes avoided. 2012/11/18 22:14:29| Took 0.02 seconds ( 0.00 objects/sec). 2012/11/18 22:14:29| Beginning Validation Procedure 2012/11/18 22:14:29| WARNING: redirector #1 (FD 9) exited 2012/11/18 22:14:29| WARNING: redirector #2 (FD 10) exited 2012/11/18 22:14:29| WARNING: redirector #3 (FD 11) exited 2012/11/18 22:14:29| WARNING: redirector #4 (FD 12) exited 2012/11/18 22:14:29| Too few redirector processes are running FATAL: The redirector helpers are crashing too rapidly, need help! Squid Cache (Version 3.0.STABLE20-20091201): Terminated abnormally. CPU Usage: 0.112 seconds = 0.032 user + 0.080 sys Maximum Resident Size: 0 KB Page faults with physical i/o: 0 Memory usage for squid via mallinfo(): total space in arena: 2944 KB Ordinary blocks: 2857 KB 6 blks Small blocks: 0 KB 0 blks Holding blocks: 1772 KB 8 blks Free Small blocks: 0 KB Free Ordinary blocks: 86 KB Total in use: 4629 KB 157% Total free: 86 KB 3% The "permission denied" area is where I have been focusing my attention with no luck. The following is what I've tried. Chmod'ing the /opt/squidguard/bin folder to 777 Changing the user that squidguard runs under to root / nobody / www-data / squid3 Tried changing ownership of the /opt/squidguard/bin folder to all names listed above after assigning that user to run with squid. Any help with this would be greatly appreciated.

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• Nginx + PHP-FPM = "Random" 502 Bad Gateway

  - by david

  I am running Nginx and proxying php requests via FastCGI to PHP-FPM for processing. I will randomly receive 502 Bad Gateway error pages - I can reproduce this issue by clicking around my PHP websites very rapidly/refreshing a page for a minute or two. When I get the 502 error page all I have to do is refresh the browser and the page refreshes properly. Here is my setup: nginx/0.7.64 PHP 5.3.2 (fpm-fcgi) (built: Apr 1 2010 06:42:04) Ubuntu 9.10 (Latest 2.6 Paravirt) I compiled PHP-FPM using this ./configure directive ./configure --enable-fpm --sysconfdir=/etc/php5/conf.d --with-config-file-path=/etc/php5/conf.d/php.ini --with-zlib --with-openssl --enable-zip --enable-exif --enable-ftp --enable-mbstring --enable-mbregex --enable-soap --enable-sockets --disable-cgi --with-curl --with-curlwrappers --with-gd --with-mcrypt --enable-memcache --with-mhash --with-jpeg-dir=/usr/local/lib --with-mysql=/usr/bin/mysql --with-mysqli=/usr/bin/mysql_config --enable-pdo --with-pdo-mysql=/usr/bin/mysql --with-pdo-sqlite --with-pspell --with-snmp --with-sqlite --with-tidy --with-xmlrpc --with-xsl My php-fpm.conf looks like this (the relevant parts): ... <value name="pm"> <value name="max_children">3</value> ... <value name="request_terminate_timeout">60s</value> <value name="request_slowlog_timeout">30s</value> <value name="slowlog">/var/log/php-fpm.log.slow</value> <value name="rlimit_files">1024</value> <value name="rlimit_core">0</value> <value name="chroot"></value> <value name="chdir"></value> <value name="catch_workers_output">yes</value> <value name="max_requests">500</value> ... I've tried increasing the max_children to 10 and it makes no difference. I've also tried setting it to 'dynamic' and setting max_children to 50, and start_server to '5' without any difference. I have tried using both 1 and 5 nginx worker processes. My fastcgi_params conf looks like: fastcgi_connect_timeout 60; fastcgi_send_timeout 180; fastcgi_read_timeout 180; fastcgi_buffer_size 128k; fastcgi_buffers 4 256k; fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 256k; fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 256k; fastcgi_intercept_errors on; fastcgi_param QUERY_STRING $query_string; fastcgi_param REQUEST_METHOD $request_method; fastcgi_param CONTENT_TYPE $content_type; fastcgi_param CONTENT_LENGTH $content_length; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_NAME $fastcgi_script_name; fastcgi_param REQUEST_URI $request_uri; fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_URI $document_uri; fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_ROOT $document_root; fastcgi_param SERVER_PROTOCOL $server_protocol; fastcgi_param GATEWAY_INTERFACE CGI/1.1; fastcgi_param SERVER_SOFTWARE nginx/$nginx_version; fastcgi_param REMOTE_ADDR $remote_addr; fastcgi_param REMOTE_PORT $remote_port; fastcgi_param SERVER_ADDR $server_addr; fastcgi_param SERVER_PORT $server_port; fastcgi_param SERVER_NAME $server_name; fastcgi_param REDIRECT_STATUS 200; Nginx logs the error as: [error] 3947#0: *10530 connect() failed (111: Connection refused) while connecting to upstream, client: 68.40.xxx.xxx, server: www.domain.com, request: "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1", upstream: "fastcgi://127.0.0.1:9000", host: "www.domain.com" PHP-FPM logs the follow at the time of the error: [NOTICE] pid 17161, fpm_unix_init_main(), line 255: getrlimit(nofile): max:1024, cur:1024 [NOTICE] pid 17161, fpm_event_init_main(), line 93: libevent: using epoll [NOTICE] pid 17161, fpm_init(), line 50: fpm is running, pid 17161 [DEBUG] pid 17161, fpm_children_make(), line 403: [pool default] child 17162 started [DEBUG] pid 17161, fpm_children_make(), line 403: [pool default] child 17163 started [DEBUG] pid 17161, fpm_children_make(), line 403: [pool default] child 17164 started [NOTICE] pid 17161, fpm_event_loop(), line 111: ready to handle connections My CPU usage maxes out around 10-15% when I recreate the issue. My Free mem (free -m) is 130MB I had this intermittent 502 Bad Gateway issue when in was using php5-cgi to service my php requests as well. Does anyone know how to fix this?

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