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  • Python: why can't descriptors be instance variables?

    - by Continuation
    Say I define this descriptor: class MyDescriptor(object): def __get__(self, instance, owner): return self._value def __set__(self, instance, value): self._value = value def __delete__(self, instance): del(self._value) And I use it in this: class MyClass1(object): value = MyDescriptor() >>> m1 = MyClass1() >>> m1.value = 1 >>> m2 = MyClass1() >>> m2.value = 2 >>> m1.value 2 So value is a class attribute and is shared by all instances. Now if I define this: class MyClass2(object) value = 1 >>> y1 = MyClass2() >>> y1.value=1 >>> y2 = MyClass2() >>> y2.value=2 >>> y1.value 1 In this case value is an instance attribute and is not shared by the instances. Why is it that when value is a descriptor it can only be a class attribute, but when value is a simple integer it becomes an instance attribute?

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  • Including non-Python files with setup.py

    - by cool-RR
    How do I make setup.py include a file that isn't part of the code? (Specifically, it's a license file, but it could be any other thing.) I want to be able to control the location of the file. In the original source folder, the file is in the root of the package. (i.e. on the same level as the topmost __init__.py.) I want it to stay exactly there when the package is installed, regardless of operating system. How do I do that?

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  • Python List length as a string

    - by mvid
    Is there a preferred (not ugly) way of outputting a list length as a string? Currently I am nesting function calls like so: print "Length: %s" % str(len(self.listOfThings)) This seems like a hack solution, is there a more graceful way of achieving the same result?

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  • Using Python, How to copy files in 'temporary internet files' folder in Windows

    - by pythBegin
    I am using this code to find files recursively in a folder , with size greater than 50000 bytes. def listall(parent): lis=[] for root, dirs, files in os.walk(parent): for name in files: if os.path.getsize(os.path.join(root,name))>500000: lis.append(os.path.join(root,name)) return lis This is working fine. But when I used this on 'temporary internet files' folder in windows, am getting this error. Traceback (most recent call last): File "<pyshell#4>", line 1, in <module> listall(a) File "<pyshell#2>", line 5, in listall if os.path.getsize(os.path.join(root,name))>500000: File "C:\Python26\lib\genericpath.py", line 49, in getsize return os.stat(filename).st_size WindowsError: [Error 123] The filename, directory name, or volume label syntax is incorrect: 'C:\\Documents and Settings\\khedarnatha\\Local Settings\\Temporary Internet Files\\Content.IE5\\EDS8C2V7\\??????+1[1].jpg' I think this is because windows gives names with special characters in this specific folder... Please help to sort out this issue.

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  • Accessing items from a dictionary using pickle efficiently in Python

    - by user248237
    I have a large dictionary mapping keys (which are strings) to objects. I pickled this large dictionary and at certain times I want to pull out only a handful of entries from it. The dictionary has usually thousands of entries total. When I load the dictionary using pickle, as follows: from cPickle import * # my dictionary from pickle, containing thousands of entries mydict = open(load('mypickle.pickle')) # accessing only handful of entries here for entry in relevant_entries: # find relevant entry value = mydict[entry] I notice that it can take up to 3-4 seconds to load the entire pickle, which I don't need, since I access only a tiny subset of the dictionary entries later on (shown above.) How can I make it so pickle only loads those entries that I have from the dictionary, to make this faster? Thanks.

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  • Python script to delete old SVN files lacks permission

    - by Rosarch
    I'm trying to delete old SVN files from directory tree. shutil.rmtree and os.unlink raise WindowsErrors, because the script doesn't have permissions to delete them. How can I get around that? Here is the script: # Delete all files of a certain type from a direcotry import os import shutil dir = "c:\\" verbosity = 0; def printCleanMsg(dir_path): if verbosity: print "Cleaning %s\n" % dir_path def cleandir(dir_path): printCleanMsg(dir_path) toDelete = [] dirwalk = os.walk(dir_path) for root, dirs, files in dirwalk: printCleanMsg(root) toDelete.extend([root + os.sep + dir for dir in dirs if '.svn' == dir]) toDelete.extend([root + os.sep + file for file in files if 'svn' in file]) print "Items to be deleted:" for candidate in toDelete: print candidate print "Delete all %d items? [y|n]" % len(toDelete) choice = raw_input() if choice == 'y': deleted = 0 for filedir in toDelete: if os.path.exists(filedir): # could have been deleted already by rmtree try: if os.path.isdir(filedir): shutil.rmtree(filedir) else: os.unlink(filedir) deleted += 1 except WindowsError: print "WindowsError: Couldn't delete '%s'" % filedir print "\nDeleted %d/%d files." % (deleted, len(toDelete)) exit() if __name__ == "__main__": cleandir(dir) Not a single file is able to be deleted. What am I doing wrong?

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  • Python sort 2-D list by time string

    - by Mark Kennedy
    How do I sort a multi dimensional list like this based on a time string? The sublists can be of different sizes (i.e. 4 and 5, here) I want to sort by comparing the first time string in each sublist (sublist[-4]) x = (['1513', '08:19PM', '10:21PM', 1, 4], ['1290', '09:45PM', '11:43PM', 1, 4], ['0690', '07:25AM', '09:19AM', 1, 4], ['0201', '08:50AM', '10:50AM', 1, 4], ['1166', '04:35PM', '06:36PM', 1, 4], ['0845', '05:40PM', '07:44PM', 1, 4], ['1267', '07:05PM', '09:07PM', 1, 4], ['1513', '08:19PM', '10:21PM', 1, 4], ['1290', '09:45PM', '11:43PM', 1, 4], ['8772', '0159', '12:33PM', '02:43PM', 1, 5], ['0888', '0570', '09:42PM', '12:20AM', 1, 5], ['2086', '2231', '04:10PM', '06:20PM', 1, 5]) The sorted result would be sortedX = (['0690', '07:25AM', '09:19AM', 1, 4], ['0201', '08:50AM', '10:50AM', 1, 4], ['1166', '04:35PM', '06:36PM', 1, 4], ['0845', '05:40PM', '07:44PM', 1, 4], ['1267', '07:05PM', '09:07PM', 1, 4], ['1513', '08:19PM', '10:21PM', 1, 4], ['1513', '08:19PM', '10:21PM', 1, 4], ['1290', '09:45PM', '11:43PM', 1, 4], ['1290', '09:45PM', '11:43PM', 1, 4], ['8772', '0159', '12:33PM', '02:43PM', 1, 5], ['2086', '2231', '04:10PM', '06:20PM', 1, 5], ['0888', '0570', '09:42PM', '12:20AM', 1, 5]) I tried the following: sortedX = sorted(x, key=lambda k : k[-4]) #k[-4] is the first time string and it works but it doesn't respect the sublist size ordering

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  • Downloading From Google Docs

    - by jeremynealbrown
    Hello, I am using the gdata-java-client Version 2 with for and Android app that allows users to download documents from their Google Docs account. Currently I am able to authenticate, request and display a list of all the user's documents. From here I would like to open each type of document in a specific Activity. If it's a spreadsheet or a csv file, open it in one activity and if it is a text document open it in another activity. This is where things are getting hazy. First I need to determine what type of document the user selected in order download the file in the appropriate format by appending exporFormat=(csv,xls,doc,txt) to the query string. I don't see any indication in the original list of documents as to what kind of file the each entry is. Secondly as a test I can just append a raw string to the end of the query string. As an example, a query might look like this: https://spreadsheets.google.com/feeds/download/spreadsheets/Export?key=0AsE_6_YIr797dHBTUWlHMUFXeTV4ZzJlUGxWRnJXanc&exportFormat=xls Notice that at the end of the string is the hardcoded export format. This query returns a HTTPResponse with a 200 OK message. However if I look at the response.content or use response.parseAsString I see what appears to be a Google Docs home page has html text. I don't get this result when I try to download a text document. When I request a text document the response.content is the body of the text file. If I copy and paste this uri into a browser I get the requested file as a download. To summarize, this question is two-fold: 1. How do I determine the type( plain text, .doc, .csv, .xls ) of a document from the initial list of user documents. 2. How do I download the actual .csv or spreadsheet files? Thanks in advance.

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  • Python f.write() at beginning of file?

    - by kristus
    I'm doing it like this now, but i want it to write at the beginning of the file instead. f = open('out.txt', 'a') # or 'w'? f.write("string 1") f.write("string 2") f.write("string 3") f.close() so that the contenst of out.txt will be: string 3 string 2 string 1 and not (like this code does): string 1 string 2 string 3

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  • How to do elif statments more elegantly if appending to array in python

    - by user1741339
    I am trying to do a more elegant version of this code. This just basically appends a string to categorynumber depending on the number. Would appreciate any help. number = [100,150,200,500] categoryNumber = [] for i in range (0,len(number)): if (number [i] >=1000): categoryNumber.append('number > 1000') elif (number [i] >=200): categoryNumber.append('200 < number < 300') elif (number [i] >=100): categoryNumber.append('100 < number < 200') elif (number [i] >=50): categoryNumber.append('50 < number < 100') elif (number [i] < 50): categoryNumber.append('number < 50') for i in range(0,len(categoryNumber)): print i

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  • Finding most recently edited file in python

    - by zztpp5521
    I have a set of folders, and I want to be able to run a function that will find the most recently edited file and tell me the name of the file and the folder it is in. Folder layout: root Folder A File A File B Folder B File C File D etc... Any tips to get me started as i've hit a bit of a wall.

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  • Dynamically calling functions - Python

    - by RadiantHex
    Hi folks, I have a list of functions... e.g. def filter_bunnies(pets): ... def filter_turtles(pets): ... def filter_narwhals(pets): ... Is there a way to call these functions by using a string representing their name? e.g. 'filter_bunnies', 'filter_turtles', 'filter_narwhals'

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  • escaping query string with special characters with python

    - by that_guy
    I got some pretty messy urls that i got via scraping here, problem is that they contain spaces or other special characters in the path and query string, here is some example http://www.example.com/some path/to the/file.html http://www.example.com/some path/?file=path to/file name.png&name=name.me so, is there an easy and robust way to escape the urls so that i can pass them to urlopen? i tried urlib.quote, but it seems to escape the '?', '&', and '=' in the query string as well, and it seems to escape the protocol as well, currently, what i am trying to do is use regex to separate the protocol, path name, and query string and escape them separately, but there are cases where they arent separated properly any advice is appreciated

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  • How to lazy load a data structure (python)

    - by Anton Geraschenko
    I have some way of building a data structure (out of some file contents, say): def loadfile(FILE): return # some data structure created from the contents of FILE So I can do things like puppies = loadfile("puppies.csv") # wait for loadfile to work kitties = loadfile("kitties.csv") # wait some more print len(puppies) print puppies[32] In the above example, I wasted a bunch of time actually reading kitties.csv and creating a data structure that I never used. I'd like to avoid that waste without constantly checking if not kitties whenever I want to do something. I'd like to be able to do puppies = lazyload("puppies.csv") # instant kitties = lazyload("kitties.csv") # instant print len(puppies) # wait for loadfile print puppies[32] So if I don't ever try to do anything with kitties, loadfile("kitties.csv") never gets called. Is there some standard way to do this? After playing around with it for a bit, I produced the following solution, which appears to work correctly and is quite brief. Are there some alternatives? Are there drawbacks to using this approach that I should keep in mind? class lazyload: def __init__(self,FILE): self.FILE = FILE self.F = None def __getattr__(self,name): if not self.F: print "loading %s" % self.FILE self.F = loadfile(self.FILE) return object.__getattribute__(self.F, name) What might be even better is if something like this worked: class lazyload: def __init__(self,FILE): self.FILE = FILE def __getattr__(self,name): self = loadfile(self.FILE) # this never gets called again # since self is no longer a # lazyload instance return object.__getattribute__(self, name) But this doesn't work because self is local. It actually ends up calling loadfile every time you do anything.

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  • Automatically registering "commands" for a command line program in python

    - by seandavi
    I would like to develop a command-line program that can process and give "help" for subcommands. To be concrete, say I have a single script called "cgent" and I would like to have subcommands "abc", "def", and "xyz" execute and accept the rest of the sys.args for processing by optparse. cgent abc [options] cgent help abc .... All of this is straightforward if I hard-code the subcommand names. However, I would like to be able to continue to add subcommands by adding a class or module (?). This is similar to the idea that is used by web frameworks for adding controllers, for example. I have tried digging through pylons to see if I can recreate what is done there, but I have not unravelled the logic. Any suggestions on how to do this? Thanks, Sean

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  • Python's string.translate() doesn't fully work?

    - by Rhubarb
    Given this example, I get the error that follows: print u'\2033'.translate({2033:u'd'}) C:\Python26\lib\encodings\cp437.pyc in encode(self, input, errors) 10 11 def encode(self,input,errors='strict'): ---> 12 return codecs.charmap_encode(input,errors,encoding_map) 13 14 def decode(self,input,errors='strict'): UnicodeEncodeError: 'charmap' codec can't encode character u'\x83' in position 0

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  • Multiple levels of 'collection.defaultdict' in Python

    - by Morlock
    Thanks to some great folks on SO, I discovered the possibilities offered by collections.defaultdict, notably in readability and speed. I have put them to use with success. Now I would like to implement three levels of dictionaries, the two top ones being defaultdict and the lowest one being int. I don't find the appropriate way to do this. Here is my attempt: from collections import defaultdict d = defaultdict(defaultdict) a = [("key1", {"a1":22, "a2":33}), ("key2", {"a1":32, "a2":55}), ("key3", {"a1":43, "a2":44})] for i in a: d[i[0]] = i[1] Now this works, but the following, which is the desired behavior, doesn't: d["key4"]["a1"] + 1 I suspect that I should have declared somewhere that the second level defaultdict is of type int, but I didn't find where or how to do so. The reason I am using defaultdict in the first place is to avoid having to initialize the dictionary for each new key. Any more elegant suggestion? Thanks pythoneers!

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  • python win32api registery key change

    - by user340495
    Hi, I am trying to trigger an event every time a registry value is being modified. import win32api import win32event import win32con import _winreg key = _winreg.OpenKey(_winreg.HKEY_CURRENT_USER,'Control Panel\Desktop',0,_winreg.KEY_READ) sub_key = _winreg.CreateKey(key,'Wallpaper') evt = win32event.CreateEvent(None,0,0,None) win32api.RegNotifyChangeKeyValue(sub_key,1,win32api.REG_NOTIFY_CHANGE_ATTRIBUTES,evt,True) ret_code=win32event.WaitForSingleObject(evt,3000) if ret_code == win32con.WAIT_OBJECT_0: print "CHANGED" if ret_code == win32con.WAIT_TIMEOUT: print "TIMED" my problem is that this is never triggered , the event always time-out. (the reg key I am trying to follow is the wallpaper) [ please note I trigger the event by 1) manually changing the registry value in regedit 2) an automated script which run this : from ctypes import windll from win32con import * windll.user32.SystemParametersInfoA(SPI_SETDESKWALLPAPER, 0,"C:\wall.jpg",SPIF_UPDATEINIFILE | SPIF_SENDWININICHANGE) ] Thanks for any help in advance :) EDIT:: sorry about formatting

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