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  • Saving associated domain classes in Grails

    - by Cesar
    I'm struggling to get association right on Grails. Let's say I have two domain classes: class Engine { String name int numberOfCylinders = 4 static constraints = { name(blank:false, nullable:false) numberOfCylinders(range:4..8) } } class Car { int year String brand Engine engine = new Engine(name:"Default Engine") static constraints = { engine(nullable:false) brand(blank:false, nullable:false) year(nullable:false) } } The idea is that users can create cars without creating an engine first, and those cars get a default engine. In the CarController I have: def save = { def car = new Car(params) if(!car.hasErrors() && car.save()){ flash.message = "Car saved" redirect(action:index) }else{ render(view:'create', model:[car:car]) } } When trying to save, I get a null value exception on the Car.engine field, so obviously the default engine is not created and saved. I tried to manually create the engine: def save = { def car = new Car(params) car.engine = new Engine(name: "Default Engine") if(!car.hasErrors() && car.save()){ flash.message = "Car saved" redirect(action:index) }else{ render(view:'create', model:[car:car]) } } Didn't work either. Is Grails not able to save associated classes? How could I implement such feature?

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  • Mono Develop 2.4.1 + linq error.

    - by Nev_Rahd
    I just started to learn Mono Develop Installed Mono Develop 2.4.1 and trial version of Mono Touch. my Code: using System; using System.Xml.Linq; using System.Collections.Generic; namespace RSSReader { public static class RSSRepository { public static IList<FeedItem> GetFeeds(string url) { XDocument rssFeed = XDocument.Load(url); Console.Write(rssFeed.ToString()); var feeds = new List<FeedItem>(); try { var query = from item in rssFeed.Descendants("item") select new FeedItem { Title = item.Element("title").Value, Published = DateTime.Parse(item.Element("pubDate").Value), Url = item.Element("link").Value }; feeds = query.ToList(); } catch (Exception ex){ Console.WriteLine(ex.Message); } return feeds; } } } This is throwing an error: An implementation of 'select' query expression pattern could not be found. Are you missing 'System.linq' using directive or 'System.Core.dll' assembly reference? I got both references to System.Xml.Linq and System.Core What am i missing ?

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  • Fortran - String with unknown characters into substrings

    - by Masoud
    I am trying to put an input string into sub-string arrays. The number of data in the input file are less than 10 but unknown. The number of spaces between each data is also unclear. Example: Asd B Cwqe21 Ddsw Eww I am quite novice to Fortran, so I do not know which format I should use. My problem is that I do not know the number of data (here I assumed that there are 5), so how can I make the code work? I tried the following which did not work: CHARACTER (LEN=100), DIMENSION(10) :: string READ (1,*) (string,I=1,10) It seems that the error I got was because there was no 6th string to read and put into string(6). I tried using the "Index" to find the space, but since I do not know how many spaces are in the string, it did not help me.

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  • OpenGL Mapping Textures to a Grid Stored Inside Vertex Array

    - by Matthew Hoggan
    I am writing a test to verify something. This is not production code, just verification code. So I would appreciate it if the specific question was answered. I have code that uses indices and vertices to draw a set of triangles in the shape of a grid. All the vertices are drawn using glDrawElements(). Now for each vertex I will set its corresponding Texture Coordinates to 0 or 1 for each set of triangles that form a square in the grid. Basically I want to draw a collage of random textures in each one of the "squares" (consisting of two triangles). I can do this using the glBegin() and glEnd() method calls inside a for loop using the fixed functional pipeline, but I would like to know how to do this using Vertex Arrays.

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  • Call from a singleton class to a function which in turn calls that class's method

    - by dare2be
    Hello, I am still looking for a way to phrase it properly (I'm not a native speaker...). So I have this class SQL which implements the singleton pattern (for obvious reasons) and I also have this function, checkUsr(), which queries the database using one of SQL's methods. Everything works fine as long as I don't call checkUsr() from within the SQL class. When I do so, the scripts just exits and a blank page is displayed - no errors are returned, no exception is thrown... What's happening? And how do I work around this problem? EDIT: class SQL { public static function singleton() { static $instance; if(!isset($instance)) $instance = new SQL; return $instance; } public function tryLoginAuthor( $login, $sha1 ) { (...) } } function checkUsr() { if (!isset($_SESSION['login']) || !isset($_SESSION['sha1'])) throw new Exception('Not logged in', 1); $SQL = SQL::singleton(); $res = $SQL->tryLoginAuthor($_SESSION['login'], $_SESSION['sha1']); if (!isset($res[0])) throw new Exception('Not logged in', 1); }

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  • how are association, aggregation and composition written?

    - by ajsie
    i have read some posts about the differences between these 3 relationships and i think i get the point. i just wonder, are all these written the same when coding? question 1: all 3 are just a value of the object type in a instance variable? class A { public $b = '' public function __construct($object) { $this->b = $object // <-- could be a association, aggregation or a composition relation? } } question 2: does it have to be an instance variable or can it be a static one? class A { public static $b = '' // <-- nothing changed? public function __construct($object) { $this->b = $object } } question 3: is there a difference in where the object is created? i tend to think that composition object is created inside the object: class A { public $b = '' public function __construct() { $this->b = new Object // is created inside the object } } and aggregation/association is passed through a constructor or another method: class A { public $b = '' public function __construct($object) { // passed through a method $this->b = $object } } question 4: why/when is this important to know. do i have to comment an object inside another what relation its about or do you do it in an UML diagram? could someone shed a light on these questions. thanks!

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  • Why aren't my threads start at the same time? Java

    - by Ada
    Hi, I have variable number of threads which are used for parallel downloading. I used this, for(int i = 0; i< sth; i++){ thrList.add(new myThread (parameters)); thrList.get(i).start(); thrList.get(i).join(); } I don't know why but they wait for each other to complete. When using threads, I am supposed get mixed print outs, since right then there are several threads running that code. However, when I print them out, they are always in order and one thread waits for the previous one to finish first. I only want them to join the main thread, not wait for each other. I noticed that when I measured time while downloading in parallel. How can I fix this? Why are they doing it in order? In my .java, there is MyThread class with run and there is Downloader class with static methods and variables. Would they be the cause of this? The static methods and variables? How can I fix this problem?

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  • How do I handle freeing unmanaged structures in C# on application close?

    - by LostKaleb
    I have a C# project in which i use several unmanaged C++ functions. More so, I also have static IntPtr that I use as parameters for those functions. I know that whenever I use them, I should implement IDisposable in that class and use a destructor to invoke the Dispose method, where I free the used IntPtr, as is said in the MSDN page. public void Dispose() { Dispose(true); GC.SuppressFinalize(this); } private void Dispose(bool disposing) { // Check to see if Dispose has already been called. if (!this.disposed) { if (disposing) { component.Dispose(); } CloseHandle(m_InstanceHandle); m_InstanceHandle = IntPtr.Zero; disposed = true; } } [System.Runtime.InteropServices.DllImport("Kernel32")] private extern static Boolean CloseHandle(IntPtr handle); However, when I terminate the application, I'm still left with a hanging process in TaskManager. I believe that it must be related to the used of the MarshalAs instruction in my structures: [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, CharSet = CharSet.Ansi)] public struct SipxAudioCodec { [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValTStr, SizeConst=32)] public string CodecName; public SipxAudioBandwidth Bandwidth; public int PayloadType; } When I create such a structure should I also be careful to free the space it allocs using a destructor? [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, CharSet = CharSet.Ansi)] public struct SipxAudioCodec { [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValTStr, SizeConst=32)] public string CodecName; public SipxAudioBandwidth Bandwidth; public int PayloadType; ~SipxAudioCodec() { Marshal.FreeGlobal(something...); } } Thanks in advance!

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  • In scala can I pass repeated parameters to other methods?

    - by Fred Haslam
    Here is something I can do in java, take the results of a repeated parameter and pass it to another method: public void foo(String ... args){bar(args);} public void bar(String ... args){System.out.println("count="+args.length);} In scala it would look like this: def foo(args:String*) = bar(args) def bar(args:String*) = println("count="+args.length) But this won't compile, the bar signature expects a series of individual strings, and the args passed in is some non-string structure. For now I'm just passing around arrays. It would be very nice to use starred parameters. Is there some way to do it?

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  • Question about singleton property

    - by Jack
    I'm reading the java tutorial for enums located here and have a question: http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.5.0/docs/guide/language/enums.html#Card The part i'm confused about is as follows: "The Card class, above, contains a static factory that returns a deck, but there is no way to get an individual card from its rank and suit. Merely exposing the constructor would destroy the singleton property (that only a single instance of each card is allowed to exist). Here is how to write a static factory that preserves the singleton property, using a nested EnumMap: " Now as I understand, changing the original private "Card" constructor to public would allow us to instantiate an unlimited number of copies of a "Card" object with a given suit+rank. The solution as proposed was to create an EnumMap which would store four Maps (one for each suit), which themselves contained 13 Card objects with the rank as their keys. And so now if you wanted to retrieve a specific Card object from the deck, you would just call the "valueOf" method. My question now is, what's the prevent you with calling the valueOf method as many times as you like? Wouldn't that lead to the same problem as making the original private constructor public? Thanks.

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  • Calling an Overridden Method from a Parent-Class Constructor

    - by Vaibhav Bajpai
    I tried calling an overridden method from a constructor of a parent class and noticed different behavior across languages. C++ - echoes A.foo() class A{ public: A(){foo();} virtual void foo(){cout<<"A.foo()";} }; class B : public A{ public: B(){} void foo(){cout<<"B.foo()";} }; int main(){ B *b = new B(); } Java - echoes B.foo() class A{ public A(){foo();} public void foo(){System.out.println("A.foo()");} } class B extends A{ public void foo(){System.out.println("B.foo()");} } class Demo{ public static void main(String args[]){ B b = new B(); } } C# - echoes B.foo() class A{ public A(){foo();} public virtual void foo(){Console.WriteLine("A.foo()");} } class B : A{ public override void foo(){Console.WriteLine("B.foo()");} } class MainClass { public static void Main (string[] args) { B b = new B(); } } I realize that in C++ objects are created from top-most parent going down the hierarchy, so when the constructor calls the overridden method, B does not even exist, so it calls the A' version of the method. However, I am not sure why I am getting different behavior in Java and C#.

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  • How do I change the number of thumbnails seen in the Android sample Home application?

    - by Todd
    I am working with the sample Home application project on http://developer.android.com/resources/samples/Home/index.html I've added another value to the THUMBS_IDS and IMAGE_IDS Integer arrays in the Wallpaper class for a total of four wallpaper options. When I run the application with Device API version 7, Skin: HVGA, hw.lcd.density: 160, in portrait layout, the fourth wallpaper option is not shown. I need to use the directional keys in the emulator to see the 4th wallpaper option, because the first option is centered. I have modified only the wallpaper.xml file with a variety of android:layout_* options with no success at this point. How do I show all four of my wallpaper options?

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  • Cast exception being generated when using the same type of object

    - by David Tunnell
    I was previously using static variables to hold variable data that I want to save between postbacks. I was having problems and found that the data in these variables is lost when the appdomain ends. So I did some research and decided to go with ViewStates: static Dictionary<string, linkButtonObject> linkButtonDictonary; protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) { if (ViewState["linkButtonDictonary"] != null) { linkButtonDictonary = (Dictionary<string, linkButtonObject>)ViewState["linkButtonDictonary"]; } else { linkButtonDictonary = new Dictionary<string, linkButtonObject>(); } } And here is the very simple class I use: [Serializable] public class linkButtonObject { public string storyNumber { get; set; } public string TaskName { get; set; } } I am adding to linkButtonDictionary as a gridview is databound: protected void hoursReportGridView_OnRowDataBound(Object sender, GridViewRowEventArgs e) { if (e.Row.RowType == DataControlRowType.DataRow) { LinkButton btn = (LinkButton)e.Row.FindControl("taskLinkButton"); linkButtonObject currentRow = new linkButtonObject(); currentRow.storyNumber = e.Row.Cells[3].Text; currentRow.TaskName = e.Row.Cells[5].Text; linkButtonDictonary.Add(btn.UniqueID, currentRow); } } It appears that my previous issues are resolved however a new one has arisin. Sometime when I postback I am getting this error: [A]System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary2[System.String,linkButtonObject] cannot be cast to [B]System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary2[System.String,linkButtonObject]. Type A originates from 'mscorlib, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089' in the context 'LoadNeither' at location 'C:\Windows\Microsoft.Net\assembly\GAC_32\mscorlib\v4.0_4.0.0.0__b77a5c561934e089\mscorlib.dll'. Type B originates from 'mscorlib, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089' in the context 'LoadNeither' at location 'C:\Windows\Microsoft.Net\assembly\GAC_32\mscorlib\v4.0_4.0.0.0__b77a5c561934e089\mscorlib.dll'. I don't understand how there can be a casting issue when I am using the same class everywhere. What am I doing wrong and how do I fix it?

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  • Global State and Singletons Dependency injection

    - by Manu
    this is a problem i face lot of times when i am designing a new app i'll use a sample problem to explain this think i am writing simple game.so i want to hold a list of players. i have few options.. 1.use a static field in some class private static ArrayList<Player> players = new ArrayList<Integer>(); public Player getPlayer(int i){ return players.get(i); } but this a global state 2.or i can use a singleton class PlayerList{ private PlayerList instance; private PlayerList(){...} public PlayerList getInstance() { if(instance==null){ ... } return instance; } } but this is bad because it's a singleton 3.Dependency injection class Game { private PlayerList playerList; public Game(PlayerList list) { this.list = list; } public PlayerList getPlayerList() { return playerList; } } this seems good but it's not, if any object outside Game need to look at PlayerList (which is the usual case) i have to use one of the above methods to make the Game class available globally. so I just add another layer to the problem. didn't actually solve anything. what is the optimum solution ? (currently i use Singleton approach)

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  • Large amount of constants in Java

    - by Lars D
    I need to include about 1 MByte of data in a Java application, for very fast and easy access in the rest of the source code. My main background is not Java, so my initial idea was to convert the data directly to Java source code, defining 1MByte of constant arrays, classes (instead of C++ struct) etc., something like this: public final/immutable/const MyClass MyList[] = { { 23012, 22, "Hamburger"} , { 28375, 123, "Kieler"} }; However, it seems that Java does not support such constructs. Is this correct? If yes, what is the best solution to this problem?

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  • Help with validation rules

    - by George Garman
    I am trying to figure out how to validate a section of a form using php. If at least one of value 1-5 is checked, then at least one of value A-E must be checked. Value's A-E cannot be allowed without at least one of 1-5 being checked. Multiple values in each section can be selected, as long as there is at least one value in each section checked. I have tried individual IF statements and arrays without success. Does anyone have any suggestions or examples? I am missing something and I am certain it is pretty obvious, right in my face.

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  • from JS to iphone dev - what's the best language to start with?

    - by Enkai
    I am a total beginner and would like to eventually learn to develop for the iphone. I have just done a beginner's CS course where the language we learned was JavaScript. We studied basic concepts like: variables, arrays, loops (for,while,if,if..else..), properties and functions. I'm wondering if I am starting in the right/wrong place by following this book: Learn C on the Mac by Dave Mark? I have read a few chapters and am finding it a bit hard to get my head around the way that C works, for example the way that Strings are printed seems overly complicated as compared to JS. Do you think that JS was the wrong language to start off with and would I be better to go from JS straight to Objective-C rather than to C? I have tried to read up on previous threads on the merits/demerits of learning C first but haven't found any that relate JS to learning C/Obj C/ Cocoa. Any advice appreciated as I am very new to this. Thanks

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  • Operator overloading in generic struct: can I create overloads for specific kinds(?) of generic?

    - by Carson Myers
    I'm defining physical units in C#, using generic structs, and it was going okay until I got the error: One of the parameters of a binary operator must be the containing type when trying to overload the mathematical operators so that they convert between different units. So, I have something like this: public interface ScalarUnit { } public class Duration : ScalarUnit { } public struct Scalar<T> where T : ScalarUnit { public readonly double Value; public Scalar(double Value) { this.Value = Value; } public static implicit operator double(Scalar<T> Value) { return Value.Value; } } public interface VectorUnit { } public class Displacement : VectorUnit { } public class Velocity : VectorUnit { } public struct Vector<T> where T : VectorUnit { #... public static Vector<Velocity> operator /(Vector<Displacement> v1, Scalar<Duration> v2) { return new Vector<Velocity>(v1.Magnitude / v2, v1.Direction); } } There aren't any errors for the + and - operators, where I'm just working on a Vector<T>, but when I substitute a unit for T, suddenly it doesn't like it. Is there a way to make this work? I figured it would work, since Displacement implements the VectorUnit interface, and I have where T : VectorUnit in the struct header. Am I at least on the right track here? I'm new to C# so I have difficulty understanding what's going on sometimes.

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  • NSArray : release its objects, but keep a pointer to it.

    - by Leo
    Hello, I declare an NSArray in my code then building the array from another array. I process my NSArray and when I'm finished, I would like to release the objects, but I'm reusing this pointer to NSAarray again later to do the same process (creating the array from another array, process then releasing).. So I need to keep the pointer. What should I do ? Here is roughly what I want to do, the buildArray is creating and returning an autoreleased NSArray : NSArray *myArray; for (int i = 0, i < 10, i++){ [myArray arrayWithArray:[self buildArray]]; // Here I process myArray [myArray = nil] // is my guess } I need to keep a pointer to my NSArray, in order to reuse later in the loop, but what is happening to the objects created with [self buildArray]? What is the best to do in order not to keep unused object and arrays ? Or maybe the best solution is simply to removeAllObject of the array..? Thank you!

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  • Looking for an appropriate design pattern

    - by user1066015
    I have a game that tracks user stats after every match, such as how far they travelled, how many times they attacked, how far they fell, etc, and my current implementations looks somewhat as follows (simplified version): Class Player{ int id; public Player(){ int id = Math.random()*100000; PlayerData.players.put(id,new PlayerData()); } public void jump(){ //Logic to make the user jump //... //call the playerManager PlayerManager.jump(this); } public void attack(Player target){ //logic to attack the player //... //call the player manager PlayerManager.attack(this,target); } } Class PlayerData{ public static HashMap<int, PlayerData> players = new HashMap<int,PlayerData>(); int id; int timesJumped; int timesAttacked; } public void incrementJumped(){ timesJumped++; } public void incrementAttacked(){ timesAttacked++; } } Class PlayerManager{ public static void jump(Player player){ players.get(player.getId()).incrementJumped(); } public void incrementAttacked(Player player, Player target){ players.get(player.getId()).incrementAttacked(); } } So I have a PlayerData class which holds all of the statistics, and brings it out of the player class because it isn't part of the player logic. Then I have PlayerManager, which would be on the server, and that controls the interactions between players (a lot of the logic that does that is excluded so I could keep this simple). I put the calls to the PlayerData class in the Manager class because sometimes you have to do certain checks between players, for instance if the attack actually hits, then you increment "attackHits". The main problem (in my opinion, correct me if I'm wrong) is that this is not very extensible. I will have to touch the PlayerData class if I want to keep track of a new stat, by adding methods and fields, and then I have to potentially add more methods to my PlayerManager, so it isn't very modulized. If there is an improvement to this that you would recommend, I would be very appreciative. Thanks.

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  • C++ traits question

    - by duli
    I have a templated class template <typename Data> class C { ..... } In most situations, I depend on the compiler to let me substitute types for Data. I call methods foo(), goo() on objects of type Data, so what I substitute needs to provide that. I now need to substitute int and string for my Data type. I do not want to specialize because the class is already too big and would require specializing each method (with only small code change). My options (please tell me if there are more) 1) I can provide wrapper classes around int and string which implement the methods foo(), goo() etc 2) provide a traits class traits that calls foo() or goo() on objects of classes that provide foo(),goo() (these are my present substitutable classes) and specialize these classes for int and string. Questions 1) what are the relative merits of 1 vs 2? 2) My traits classes will have static methods. Can a traits class have non-static methods as well? I see most traits classes define constants in the STL. 3) Do I make the traits classes global or should I pass them in as a template parameter for class C?

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  • Reference to an instance method of a particular object

    - by Andrey
    In the following code, if i try to pass method reference using the class name, works. But passing the reference variable compiler gives an error, i do not understand why? public class User { private String name; public User(String name) { this.name = name; } public void printName() { System.out.println(name); } } public class Main { public static void main(String[] args) { User u1 = new User("AAA"); User u2 = new User("BBB"); User u3 = new User("ZZZ"); List<User> userList = Arrays.asList(u1, u2, u3); userList.forEach(User::printName); // works userList.forEach(u1::printName); // compile error } } Thanks,

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  • WPF binding problem

    - by Lolo
    I've got problem with binding in XAML/WPF. I created Action class witch extends FrameworkElement. Each Action has list of ActionItem. The problem is that the Data/DataContext properties of ActionItem are not set, so they are always null. XAML: <my:Action DataContext="{Binding}"> <my:Action.Items> <my:ActionItem DataContext="{Binding}" Data="{Binding}" /> </my:Action.Items> </my:Action> C#: public class Action : FrameworkElement { public static readonly DependencyProperty ItemsProperty = DependencyProperty.Register("Items", typeof(IList), typeof(Action), new PropertyMetadata(null, null), null); public Action() { this.Items = new ArrayList(); this.DataContextChanged += (s, e) => MessageBox.Show("Action.DataContext"); } public IList Items { get { return (IList)this.GetValue(ItemsProperty); } set { this.SetValue(ItemsProperty, value); } } } public class ActionItem : FrameworkElement { public static readonly DependencyProperty DataProperty = DependencyProperty.Register("Data", typeof(object), typeof(ActionItem), new PropertyMetadata( null, null, (d, v) => { if (v != null) MessageBox.Show("ActionItem.Data is not null"); return v; } ), null ); public object Data { get { return this.GetValue(DataProperty); } set { this.SetValue(DataProperty, value); } } public ActionItem() { this.DataContextChanged += (s, e) => MessageBox.Show("ActionItem.DataContext"); } } Any ideas?

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  • Dispose, when is it called?

    - by Snake
    Consider the following code: namespace DisposeTest { using System; class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { Console.WriteLine("Calling Test"); Test(); Console.WriteLine("Call to Test done"); } static void Test() { DisposeImplementation di = new DisposeImplementation(); } } internal class DisposeImplementation : IDisposable { ~DisposeImplementation() { Console.WriteLine("~ in DisposeImplementation instance called"); } public void Dispose() { Console.WriteLine("Dispose in DisposeImplementation instance called"); } } } The Dispose just never get's called, even if I put a wait loop after the Test(); invocation. So that quite sucks. I want to write a class that is straightforward and very easy to use, to make sure that every possible resource is cleaned up. I don't want to put that responsibilty to the user of my class. Possible solution: use using, or call Dispose myself(basicly the same). Can I force the user to use a using? Or can I force the dispose to be called? Calling GC.Collect(); after Test(); doesn't work either. Putting di to null doesn't invoke Dispose either. The Deconstructor DOES work, so the object get's deconstructed when it exits Test()

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  • Incompatible format types

    - by nebffa
    I'm playing around with strncpy in C and am having some trouble. The code is as follows: #include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { char src[] = "Benjamin Franklin"; char dest[5]; strncpy(src, dest, sizeof(dest) / sizeof(char)); dest[5] = '\0'; printf("%s\n", dest); return 0; } which compiles with no errors using: gcc -Wall -g -Werror test.c -o test and prints out gibberish like p4?? I cannot really understand what I'm doing wrong especially since I have played around with it a lot and been looking online for answers. Perhaps since I am using arrays I am passing the address to printf without realising it?

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