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• Multi-Threaded Pipelined Game Engine Data Synchronization Questions

  - by Douglas

  Let's say I'm setting up a worker pool based game engine with pipelining. Let's say I have 4 stages in my pipeline as such: Stage 1: Physics Stage 2: AI/Input Stage 3: Game Logic Stage 4: Rendering Now let's say that the physics detects a collision between a bullet and a character in stage 1. Two frames later the game logic may choose to remove that bullet from the simulation, however none of the other copies of the data for the other pipeline stages will get this information. How is this sort of thing and other things like it get handled? Do you generally make changes like this to every pipeline stage's data at the end of a frame?

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• BPM Process Accelerator Packs - Update

  - by Pat Shepherd

  There are 3 BPM Process Accelerator Packs available now (Accelerator Packs Available ) as discssed in my earlier post: https://blogs.oracle.com/enterprisearchitecture/entry/bpm_process_accelerator_packs There is a new and very useful white paper on BPM/Accelerator best practices at: http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/middleware/bpm/learnmore/processaccelbestpracticeswhitepaper-1708910.pdf Thought I'd post that as the topic is getting more and more attention in various discussions I have been having.

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• How do I architect 2 plugins that share a common component?

  - by James

  I have an object that takes in data and spits out a transformed output, called IBaseItem. I also have two parsers, IParserA and IParserB. These parsers transform external data (in format dataA and dataB respectively) to a format usable by my IBaseItem (baseData). I want to create 2 systems, one that works with dataA and one that works with dataB. They will allow the user to enter data and match it to the right plugins/implementations and transform the data to outData. I want to write these traffic cops myself, but have other people provide the parsers and baseitem logic, and and as such am implementing these items as plugins (hence the use of interfaces). Other programmers can choose to implement 1 or both parsers. Q: How should I structure the way base items and parsers are associated, stored, and loaded into each of my programs? Class Relations: What I've Tried: Initially I though there should be a different dll for each of my 2 traffic cops, that each have a parser and baseitem in them. However, the duplication of baseitem logic doesn't seem right (especially if the base item logic changes). I then thought the base items could all have their own dll, and then somehow associate parsers and baseitems (guids?), but I don't know if implementing the overhead id/association is adding too much complexion.

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• One True Event Loop

  - by CyberShadow

  Simple programs that collect data from only one system need only one event loop. For example, Windows applications have the message loop, POSIX network programs usually have a select/epoll/etc. loop at their core, pure SDL games use SDL's event loop. But what if you need to collect events from several subsystems? Such as an SDL game which doesn't use SDL_net for networking. I can think of several solutions: Polling (ugh) Put each event loop in its own thread, and: Send messages to the main thread, which collects and processes the events, or Place the event-processing code of each thread in a critical section, so that the threads can wait for events asynchronously but process them synchronously Choose one subsystem for the main event loop, and pass events from other subsystems via that subsystem as custom messages (for example, the Windows message loop and custom messages, or a socket select() loop and passing events via a loopback connection). Option 2.1 is more interesting on platforms where message-passing is a well-developed threading primitive (e.g. in the D programming language), but 2.2 looks like the best option to me.

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• What makes games responsive to user input?

  - by zaftcoAgeiha

  Many games have been praised for its responsive gameplay, where each user action input correspond to a quick and precise character movement (eg: super meat boy, shank...) What makes those games responsive? and what prevents other games from achieving the same? How much of it is due to the game framework used to queue mouse/keyboard events and render/update the game and how much is attributed to better coding?

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• Why should I adopt MVC?

  - by Andrew

  I decided to get my hands wet and got the YII framework for PHP. I created my first application, then created new controller, model and view. Connected to database, got my record passed from controller to the view and printed the hello world. I am confused now. If I have to do the same thing for each page, this seems like a nightmare to me. In each controller I have to do a lot of same operations - declare variables, and pass them to views. I also need to create models for each page and this is all confusing to me. In my idea the main goal of development is to avoid duplication, but what I see here is lots and lots of duplicated code. Please advise and clarify. Maybe you could suggest a good reading about MVC and coding patterns and best practices in MVC. Because so far, it takes much more time to create a small site using MVC than using my own programming schema.

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• I know how to program, and how to learn how to program, but how/where do you learn how to make systems properly?

  - by Ryan

  There are many things that need to be considered when making a system, let's take for example a web based system where users log in and interact with each other, creating and editing content. Now I have to think about security, validation (I don't even think I am 100% sure what that entails), "making sure users don't step on each others feet" (term for this?), preventing errors in many cases, making sure database data doesn't become problematic through unexpected... situations? All these things I don't know how or where to learn, is there a book on this kind of stuff? Like I said there seems to be a huge difference between writing code and actually writing the right code, know what I mean? I feel like my current programming work lacks much of what I have described and I can see the problems it causes later, and then the problems are much harder to solve because data exists and people are using it. So can anyone point me to books or resources or the proper subset of programming(?) for this type of learning? PS: feel free to correct my tags, I don't know what I am talking about. Edit: I assume some of the examples I wrote apply to other types of systems too, I just don't know any other good examples because I've been mostly involved in web work.

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• (Abstract) Game engine design

  - by lukeluke

  I am writing a simple 2D game (for mobile platforms) for the first time. From an abstract point of view, i have the main player controlled by the human, the enemies, elments that will interact with the main player, other living elements that will be controlled by a simple AI (both enemies and non-enemies). The human player will be totally controlled by the player, the other actors will be controlled by AI. So i have a class CActor and a class CActorLogic to start with. I would define a CActor subclass CHero (the main player controlled with some input device). This class will probably implement some type of listener, in order to capture input events. The other players controlled by the AI will be probably a specific subclass of CActor (a subclass per-type, obviously). This seems to be reasonable. The CActor class should have a reference to a method of CActorLogic, that we will call something like CActorLogic::Advance() or similar. Actors should have a visual representation. I would introduce a CActorRepresentation class, with a method like Render() that will draw the actor (that is, the right frame of the right animation). Where to change the animation? Well, the actor logic method Advance() should take care of checking collisions and other things. I would like to discuss the design of a game engine (actors, entities, objects, messages, input handling, visualization of object states (that is, rendering, sound output and so on)) but not from a low level point of view, but from an high level point of view, like i have described above. My question is: is there any book/on line resource that will help me organize things (using an object oriented approach)? Thanks

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• From a DDD perspective is a report generating service a domain service or an infrastructure service?

  - by Songo

  Let assume we have the following service whose responsibility is to generate Excel reports: class ExcelReportService{ public String generateReport(String fileFormatFilePath, ResultSet data){ ReportFormat reportFormat = new ReportFormat(fileFormatFilePath); ExcelDataFormatterService excelDataFormatterService = new ExcelDataFormatterService(); FormattedData formattedData = excelDataFormatterService.format(data); ExcelFileService excelFileService = new ExcelFileService(); String reportPath= excelFileService.generateReport(reportFormat,formattedData); return reportPath; } } This is pseudo code for the service I want to design where: fileFormatFilePath: path to a configuration file where I'll keep the format of my excel file (headers, column widths, number of columns,..etc) data: the actual records returned from the database. This data can't be used directly coz I might need to make further calculations to the data before inserting them to the excel file. ReportFormat: Value object to hold the report format, has methods like getHeaders(), getColumnWidth(),...etc. ExcelDataFormatterService: a service to hold any logic that need to be applied to the data returned from the database before inserting it to the file. FormattedData: Value object the represents the formatted data to be inserted. ExcelFileService: a wrapper top the 3rd party library that generates the excel file. Now how do you determine whether a service is an infrastructure or domain service? I have the following 3 services here: ExcelReportService, ExcelDataFormatterService and ExcelFileService?

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• How to design a separated tutorial mode?

  - by Sylpheed

  I'm working on a "social" game that's about 90% completion. One of the remaining features is the tutorial mode. Basically, the tutorial mode will restrict the user to access some parts of UI and limit the features (like store items). The tutorial will only progress if a certain event is triggered, specifically following the tutorial. The code is ready and we already have an "almost" working game. The problem is I haven't foreseen the tutorial mode while I was doing those 90%. My requirement is there shouldn't be any loading/transition from tutorial mode to normal mode. This means I have to pick up the progress from the tutorial (no re-rendering of assets and stuff). How should I design this in a way where I won't touch anything from my old code? I want it to be as easy as just plugging it in. I don't want to jam the tutorial in my old code since this will lead to many bugs.

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• Ubuntu Server login not recognizing the keyboard after entering username.

  - by Jeff Malewski

  I'm having similar issues with logging into ubuntu server. chief problem is that once I enter my user name & hit enter, I can't enter anything ffor my password - it won't accept any keystrokes until I press Ctrl+any key. Once I've pressed Ctrl+ any key, I'm able to type again, but have never been able to enter any more than 3 characters before the 60 sec time limit. This problem is present on fresh installs of both 10.04 & 9.10. Part of the problem is lkely to be my antique pc which is an old Emachines Trigems I850 based mbd and an equally ancient Nvidia 4x AGP video card. Initially I was going to install Ubuntu 10.10, but with ORCA running with both screen reader and full screen magnification crashed the system & smoked a stick of Rambus memory. Is there any fix to this problem? Jeff

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• How can I gather client's data on Google App Engine without using Datastore/Backend Instances too much?

  - by ruslan

  One of the projects I'm working on is online survey engine. It's my first big commercial project on Google App Engine. I need your advice on how to collect stats and efficiently record them in DataStore without bankrupting me. Initial requirements are: After user finishes survey client sends list of pairs [ID (int) + PercentHit (double)]. This list shows how close answers of this user match predefined answers of reference answerers (which identified by IDs). I call them "target IDs". Creator of the survey wants to see aggregated % for given IDs for last hour, particular timeframe or from the beginning of the survey. Some surveys may have thousands of target/reference answerers. So I created entity public class HitsStatsDO implements Serializable { @Id transient private Long id; transient private Long version = (long) 0; transient private Long startDate; @Parent transient private Key parent; // fake parent which contains target id @Transient int targetId; private double avgPercent; private long hitCount; } But writing HitsStatsDO for each target from each user would give a lot of data. For instance I had a survey with 3000 targets which was answered by ~4 million people within one week with 300K people taking survey in first day. Even if we assume they were answering it evenly for 24 hours it would give us ~1040 writes/second. Obviously it hits concurrent writes limit of Datastore. I decided I'll collect data for one hour and save that, that's why there are avgPercent and hitCount in HitsStatsDO. GAE instances are stateless so I had to use dynamic backend instance. There I have something like this: // Contains stats for one hour private class Shard { ReadWriteLock lock = new ReentrantReadWriteLock(); Map<Integer, HitsStatsDO> map = new HashMap<Integer, HitsStatsDO>(); // Key is target ID public void saveToDatastore(); public void updateStats(Long startDate, Map<Integer, Double> hits); } and map with shard for current hour and previous hour (which doesn't stay here for long) private HashMap<Long, Shard> shards = new HashMap<Long, Shard>(); // Key is HitsStatsDO.startDate So once per hour I dump Shard for previous hour to Datastore. Plus I have class LifetimeStats which keeps Map<Integer, HitsStatsDO> in memcached where map-key is target ID. Also in my backend shutdown hook method I dump stats for unfinished hour to Datastore. There is only one major issue here - I have only ONE backend instance :) It raises following questions on which I'd like to hear your opinion: Can I do this without using backend instance ? What if one instance is not enough ? How can I split data between multiple dynamic backend instances? It hard because I don't know how many I have because Google creates new one as load increases. I know I can launch exact number of resident backend instances. But how many ? 2, 5, 10 ? What if I have no load at all for a week. Constantly running 10 backend instances is too expensive. What do I do with data from clients while backend instance is dead/restarting?

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• Is 2 lines of push/pop code for each pre-draw-state too many?

  - by Griffin

  I'm trying to simplify vector graphics management in XNA; currently by incorporating state preservation. 2X lines of push/pop code for X states feels like too many, and it just feels wrong to have 2 lines of code that look identical except for one being push() and the other being pop(). The goal is to eradicate this repetitiveness,and I hoped to do so by creating an interface in which a client can give class/struct refs in which he wants restored after the rendering calls. Also note that many beginner-programmers will be using this, so forcing lambda expressions or other advanced C# features to be used in client code is not a good idea. I attempted to accomplish my goal by using Daniel Earwicker's Ptr class: public class Ptr<T> { Func<T> getter; Action<T> setter; public Ptr(Func<T> g, Action<T> s) { getter = g; setter = s; } public T Deref { get { return getter(); } set { setter(value); } } } an extension method: //doesn't work for structs since this is just syntatic sugar public static Ptr<T> GetPtr <T> (this T obj) { return new Ptr<T>( ()=> obj, v=> obj=v ); } and a Push Function: //returns a Pop Action for later calling public static Action Push <T> (ref T structure) where T: struct { T pushedValue = structure; //copies the struct data Ptr<T> p = structure.GetPtr(); return new Action( ()=> {p.Deref = pushedValue;} ); } However this doesn't work as stated in the code. How might I accomplish my goal? Example of code to be refactored: protected override void RenderLocally (GraphicsDevice device) { if (!(bool)isCompiled) {Compile();} //TODO: make sure state settings don't implicitly delete any buffers/resources RasterizerState oldRasterState = device.RasterizerState; DepthFormat oldFormat = device.PresentationParameters.DepthStencilFormat; DepthStencilState oldBufferState = device.DepthStencilState; { //Rendering code } device.RasterizerState = oldRasterState; device.DepthStencilState = oldBufferState; device.PresentationParameters.DepthStencilFormat = oldFormat; }

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• Rendering order in an Entity System

  - by Daedalus

  Say I use a basic ES approach, and also inside Systems I hold lists of all entities that Systems are required to process. How do I maintain this list of entities in desired rendering order, i.e. for a dumb 2D RenderingSystem? I saw this discussion, and what they suggest is to do something like Z ordering - what I would probably do is just to store a "layer" int in DrawableComponent and then, inside RenderingSystem, just sort entities by mentioned "layer" whenever the entity list for RenderingSystem changes. They also say we could just delete and recreate the entity whenever we want it on the top, but it seems too inflexible to me. How is this problem usually solved?

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• Building a template engine - starting point

  - by Anirudh

  We're building a Django-based project with a template component. This component will be separate from the project as such and can be Django/Python, Node, Java or whatever works. The template has to be rendered into HTML. The templates will contain references to objects with properties that are defined in the DB, say, a Bus. For eg, it could be something like [object type="vehicle" weight="heavy"] and it would have to pull a random object from the DB fulfilling the criteria : type="vehicle" weight="heavy" (bus/truck/jet) and then substitute that tag with an image, say, of a Bus. Also it would have to be able to handle some processing. Eg: What is [X type="integer" lte="10"] + [Y type="integer" lte="10"] [option X+Y correct_ans="true"] [option X-Y correct_ans="false"] [option X+y+1 correct_ans="false"] The engine would be expected to fill in a random integer value <= 10 for X and Y and show radioboxes for each of the options. Would also have to store the fact that the first option is the correct answer. Does it to make sense to write something from the scratch? Or is it better to use an existing templating system (like Django's own templating system) as a starting point? Any suggestions on how I can approach this?

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• Service Layer - how broad should it be, and should it be used also on the local application?

  - by BornToCode

  Background: I need to build a main application with some operations (CRUD and more) (-in winforms), I need to make another application which will re-use some of the functions of the main application (-in webforms). I understood that using service layer is the best approach here. If I understood correctly the service should be calling the function on the BL layer (correct me if I'm wrong) The dilemma: In my main winform UI - should I call the functions from the BL, or from the service? (please explain why) Should I create a service for every single function on the BL even if I need some of the functions only in one UI? for example - should I create services for all the CRUD operations, even though I need to re-use only update operation in the webform? YOUR HELP IS MUCH APPRECIATED

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• How do I set up my own proxy server?

  - by NJTechGuy

  This website (abc.com) slowed access from our original IP address. How do I implement my own proxy server to hide my IP while browsing abc.com? Do I need special hardware/software combo to achieve this? If I can generate about 5 proxies and alternate amongst those 5 while browsing abc.com would be awesome. Please suggest. Thanks guys! p.s : I want to know if I can generate proxy IPs of the type 123.34.21.140 prot 80 on my own? I want to use those IP/port combos in my Python scripts (urllib2/set_proxy).

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• Is component-based design an architectural pattern or design pattern?

  - by xEnOn

  When using the component-based paradigm in game development with engines like Unity, is component-based design an architectural pattern, or a design pattern? Can I even say that component-based design is my "main" architectural pattern for my game? I see architectural patterns as being more high-level than design pattern. The component-based design in game development's context (like with Unity engine) seems to fit as an architectural pattern to me. However, on some sites, I read that component-based design is a behavioural pattern, much like other behavioural design patterns, and not so much like an architectural pattern like MVC.

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• multi-clients web application,should I use custom user controls or a common user control

  - by ValidfroM

  Say my company is going to build a complicated asp.net web form education system. One of the module is web based registration. To make it flexiable, we decide to use user control(ascx) with rule-engine (work flow) regulating all business logic behide them. Thus in future,for different clients, we can simply config basic existing rules or adding new rules.(Rules stored in db or XML per client). Now the question is how to deal with the user controls (ascx)? My opinion is for different client build diffrent user control from scratch. other voice is like reuse existing user controls.

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• Techniques for separating game model from presentation

  - by liortal

  I am creating a simple 2D game using XNA. The elements that make up the game world are what i refer to as the "model". For instance, in a board game, i would have a GameBoard class that stores information about the board. This information could be things such as: Location Size Details about cells on the board (occupied/not occupied) etc This object should either know how to draw itself, or describe how to draw itself to some other entity (renderer) in order to be displayed. I believe that since the board only contains the data+logic for things regarding it or cells on it, it should not provide the logic of how to draw things (separation of concerns). How can i achieve a good partitioning and easily allow some other entity to draw it properly? My motivations for doing so are: Allow multiple "implementations" of presentation for a single game entity Easier porting to other environments where the presentation code is not available (for example - porting my code to Unity or other game technology that does not rely on XNA).

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• Designing a "Grid" like object that contains game objects

  - by liortal

  I am working on a 2D game, where there's a game "board" on which other game objects are placed. This this is 2D, my starting point was to design a class that will internally use a 2d array for the actual stored game objects. This class could be simply accessed by 2 indices: (i, j) to get game objects on it. My problem is that i have no idea how to make the game "board" "propagate" its data onto its children. Design questions i ran into are: Should the children placed on the board have display properties such as size, screen position? Should the board itself dictate this information? How to update children in case the board changes some of its properties? (position, etc). Should the board be aware of the types of objects stored in it ? I have no idea how similar things such as WPF or other UI frameworks go about organizing a "container like" object that can arrange or apply certain UI properties to its children.

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• About shared (static) Members and its behavior

  - by Allende

  I just realized that I can access shared members from instances of classes (probably this is not correct, but compile and run), and also learn/discover that, I can modify shared members, then create a new instance and access the new value of the shared member. My question is, what happens to the shared members, when it comes back to the "default" value (class declaration), how dangerous is it do this ? is it totally bad ? is it valid in some cases ?. If you want to test my point here is the code (console project vb.net) that I used to test shared members, as you can see/compile/run, the shared member "x" of the class "Hello" has default value string "Default", but at runtime it changes it, and after creating a new object of that class, this object has the new value of the shared member. Module Module1 Public Class hello Public Shared x As String = "Default" Public Sub New() End Sub End Class Sub Main() Console.WriteLine("hello.x=" & hello.x) Dim obj As New hello() Console.WriteLine("obj.x=" & obj.x) obj.x = "Default shared memeber, modified in object" Console.WriteLine("obj.x=" & obj.x) hello.x = "Defaul shared member, modified in class" Console.WriteLine("hello.x=" & hello.x) Dim obj2 As New hello() Console.WriteLine("obj2.x=" & obj2.x) Console.ReadLine() End Sub End Module UPDATE: First at all, thanks to everyone, each answer give feedback, I suppose, by respect I should choose one as "the answer", I don't want to be offensive to anyone, so please don't take it so bad if I didn't choose you answer.

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• Structure of a correctly implemented JTable with TableModel and Listeners?

  - by bamboocha

  I am pretty new to Java and its JTables and this is where I am struggling at the moment. I need to create a GUI which shows me results of a sql query like SELECT * FROM tblPeople WHERE name='Doe'. My idea was to create a a JFrame which displays a JTable with all found records. Besides this, I need to also implement some code to handle when a user is double clicking a record or selecting it by using his arrow keys (additional feature: pressing 12(e.g.) should select the 12th record). What is the best way to structure my program (what classes do I need and especially where do I store my logic)? I came up with structuring it the following way: Main.java ("view") SQLConnection.java PeopleTableModel.java (only stores and returns data given by the passed ResultSet, "model" inherits from DefaultTableModel) PeopleTable.java (stores basically all my logic including KeyListener and MouseListener, "controller", inherits from JTable) Are there better ways to achieve my goals? If so, what are they?

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• What is an Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) System?

  In order to understand what an Enterprise Resource Planning System is let us look at a classic American kids snack, the Rice Krispy Treat if we conceptually view the treat as a company’s internal applications as a whole.  Furthermore we can view a company’s departmentalized software applications as the theoretical Rice Krispies in the treat. In addition, the Rice Krispies consist of a combination of ingredients that be broken down into data, user interfaces and business logic. Next, we have the margarine or butter that is used to help the marshmallows bind with the Rice Krispies; this role in our conceptual view is taken by a data source typically as a relational database management system. Finally we have the melted marshmallows which act as the ERP software that connects all of the individual departmental software applications in to one unified system that allows all user one unified system to interact with all of the individual dispersed systems. An example of this would be if a customer places an order with a telephone operator and once the orders is processed an employee in the shipping department can see the order ready for fulfillment on his order screen. The ERP acts a go between for various independent departmental systems so that they can integrate with one another.

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• Develop for Desktop and mobile use?

  - by ran2

  I am in the very beginning of developing an app / desktop program. I want it to be cross-platform and possibly also as a tablet version (preferably Android Icecream sandwich). Note that I need to run it offline. I thought about the following approaches: ADOBE Air, since I do not need much performance. Plus I did some web programming in the past which might be of some use. Afaik it would run on OS X and Windows and should run on mobile OSes, too. Qt. Found some nice Qt based desktop recently and read it also works on android. Plus I like the SDK. HTML5 / JS. Again my web background should help me here. I wont need no sever side scripts, thus it should work without installing anything but a browser. How easy could this be converted into an Android app? There might be a plethora of other (better) ways to do it, but I haven't thought of them yet. Can you help out? How would you create such an application. Would it be better to do some pure desktop client and then create tablet versions? Would you rather start to create a website and worry later on how to turn into an app?

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