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• planar shadow matrix and plane b value

  - by DevExcite

  I implemented planar shadows with the function D3DXMatrixShadow. As you know, we need plane and light factor to calculate a shadow matrix. The problem is that when I set the plane as D3DXPLANE p(0, -1, 0, 0.1f), the shadows by directional light are correctly rendered, but the shadows by point light are not rendered. However, if I use D3DXPLANE p(0, 1, 0, 0.1f), the situation is reversed, shadows by directional light are not drawn, the shadows by point light are ok. I cannot understand why it happens. Is it normal or am i missing something? Please explain to me why this happens. Thanks in advance.

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• Importance of scripting engine at Cocos2d Game Engine

  - by Mahbubur R Aaman

  Each Game Engine is different and solves different problems in different ways, so the engine design does vary greatly from engine to engine (even though a lot of principles are shared from engine to engine). Cocos2D is a great product on it’s own, but it doesn’t expose engine functionality to a scripting Language like Lua, JavaScript etc. My Question: How much important to integrate a Scripting Engine at Cocos2d?

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• How to produce assets effectively on large Flash game projects?

  - by Antoine Lassauzay

  I have been working on Flash games professionally for two years now and somehow, having our artists producing assets the right way is one of our biggest challenge. More precisely, it is very hard to have them following any kind of structure and/or standards, nor taking into consideration performance. I would say also the most of our issues concerns UI and related animations. Our current workflow is (on a Facebook hidden object game) : Artists produce PSD and animate prototypes in Flash Artists re-organize their FLA files to be a bit more "programmer friendly" Programmers retouches assets until they have the right structure and export classes inside a SWC, from Flash Programmers try to improve performances, sometimes degrading the quality of game graphics Our main idea is to hire somebody dedicated to prepare assets for programmers but I am really looking forward to improving the pipeline. I was wondering if you guys have tips of any kind to improve this workflow, whether it be team organization, training, tools or tips with Flash. Any explanation on your asset pipeline is well appreciated too.

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• Can I use a genetic algorithm for balancing character builds?

  - by Renan Malke Stigliani

  I'm starting to build a online PVP (duel like, one-on-one) game, where there is leveling, skill points, special attacks and all the common stuff. Since I have never done anything like this, I'm still thinking about the math behind the levels/skills/specials balance. So I thought a good way of testing the best builds/combos, would be to implement a Genetic Algorithm. It'd be like this: Generate a big group of random characters Make them fight, level them up accordingly to their victories(more XP)/losses(less XP) Mate the winners, crossing their builds, to try and make even better characters Add some more random chars, emulating new players Repeat the process for some time, or util I find some chars who can beat everyone's butt I could then play with the math and try to find better balances to make sure that the top x% of chars would be a mix of various build types. So, is it a good idea, or is there some other, easier method to do the balancing?

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• 2D Rendering with OpenGL ES 2.0 on Android (matrices not working)

  - by TranquilMarmot

  So I'm trying to render two moving quads, each at different locations. My shaders are as simple as possible (vertices are only transformed by the modelview-projection matrix, there's only one color). Whenever I try and render something, I only end up with slivers of color! I've only done work with 3D rendering in OpenGL before so I'm having issues with 2D stuff. Here's my basic rendering loop, simplified a bit (I'm using the Matrix manipulation methods provided by android.opengl.Matrix and program is a custom class I created that just calls GLES20.glUniformMatrix4fv()): Matrix.orthoM(projection, 0, 0, windowWidth, 0, windowHeight, -1, 1); program.setUniformMatrix4f("Projection", projection); At this point, I render the quads (this is repeated for each quad): Matrix.setIdentityM(modelview, 0); Matrix.translateM(modelview, 0, quadX, quadY, 0); program.setUniformMatrix4f("ModelView", modelview); quad.render(); // calls glDrawArrays and all I see is a sliver of the color each quad is! I'm at my wits end here, I've tried everything I can think of and I'm at the point where I'm screaming at my computer and tossing phones across the room. Anybody got any pointers? Am I using ortho wrong? I'm 100% sure I'm rendering everything at a Z value of 0. I tried using frustumM instead of orthoM, which made it so that I could see the quads but they would get totally skewed whenever they got moved, which makes sense if I correctly understand the way frustum works (it's more for 3D rendering, anyway). If it makes any difference, I defined my viewport with GLES20.glViewport(0, 0, windowWidth, windowHeight); Where windowWidth and windowHeight are the same values that are pased to orthoM It might be worth noting that the android.opengl.Matrix methods take in an offset as the second parameter so that multiple matrices can be shoved into one array, so that'w what the first 0 is for For reference, here's my vertex shader code: uniform mat4 ModelView; uniform mat4 Projection; attribute vec4 vPosition; void main() { mat4 mvp = Projection * ModelView; gl_Position = vPosition * mvp; } I tried swapping Projection * ModelView with ModelView * Projection but now I just get some really funky looking shapes... EDIT Okay, I finally figured it out! (Note: Since I'm new here (longtime lurker!) I can't answer my own question for a few hours, so as soon as I can I'll move this into an actual answer to the question) I changed Matrix.orthoM(projection, 0, 0, windowWidth, 0, windowHeight, -1, 1); to float ratio = windowWwidth / windowHeight; Matrix.orthoM(projection, 0, 0, ratio, 0, 1, -1, 1); I then had to scale my projection matrix to make it a lot smaller with Matrix.scaleM(projection, 0, 0.05f, 0.05f, 1.0f);. I then added an offset to the modelview translations to simulate a camera so that I could center on my action (so Matrix.translateM(modelview, 0, quadX, quadY, 0); was changed to Matrix.translateM(modelview, 0, quadX + camX, quadY + camY, 0);) Thanks for the help, all!

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• What are the GPU requirements for XNA 4.0?

  - by Nate Koppenhaver

  I tried to build a sample application using XNA, but I got an error saying that Pixel Shader 1.1 was required, so I got a used Radeon X300 GPU that supports Pixel Shader. I tried to build it again, but I got another error saying that "Your current graphics card does not support the XNA HiDef profile" and would not build. Since that card seems to not be compatible, I guess I need to buy another one. What features should I look for to make sure that it's compatible with XNA?

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• rotating model around own Y-axis XNA

  - by ChocoMan

  I'm have trouble with my model rotating around it's own Y-axis. The model is a person. When I test my world, the model is loaded at a position of 0, 0, 0. When I rotate my model from there, the model rotates like normal. The problem comes AFTER I moved the model to a new position. If I move the the model forward, left, etc, then try to rotate it on it's own Y-Axis, the model will rotate, but still around the original position in a circular manner (think of yourself swing around on a rope, but always facing outward from the center). Does anyone know how to keep the center point of rotation updated?

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• How to scroll in the physical world AndEngine?

  - by Esteban Quintero

  I am using andengine to make a game where a sprite (player) is going up across the stage, this is my world. final Rectangle ground = new Rectangle(0, CAMERA_HEIGHT - 2, CAMERA_WIDTH, 2, vertexBufferObjectManager); final Rectangle roof = new Rectangle(0, 0, CAMERA_WIDTH, 2, vertexBufferObjectManager); final Rectangle left = new Rectangle(0, 0, 2, CAMERA_HEIGHT, vertexBufferObjectManager); final Rectangle right = new Rectangle(CAMERA_WIDTH - 2, 0, 2, CAMERA_HEIGHT, vertexBufferObjectManager); final FixtureDef wallFixtureDef = PhysicsFactory.createFixtureDef(0, 0.5f, 0.5f); PhysicsFactory.createBoxBody(this.mPhysicsWorld, ground, BodyType.StaticBody, wallFixtureDef); PhysicsFactory.createBoxBody(this.mPhysicsWorld, roof, BodyType.StaticBody, wallFixtureDef); PhysicsFactory.createBoxBody(this.mPhysicsWorld, left, BodyType.StaticBody, wallFixtureDef); PhysicsFactory.createBoxBody(this.mPhysicsWorld, right, BodyType.StaticBody, wallFixtureDef); /* Create two sprits and add it to the scene. */ this.mScene.setBackground(autoParallaxBackground); this.mScene.attachChild(ground); this.mScene.attachChild(roof); this.mScene.attachChild(left); this.mScene.attachChild(right); this.mScene.registerUpdateHandler(this.mPhysicsWorld); The problem is that if the sprite reaches up and hits the wall, as I scroll here?

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• Recommended method for XML level loading in XNA

  - by David Saltares Márquez

  I want to use Blender as my level designer tool for an XNA game. Using an existing plugin, I can export my levels to DotScene format which is basically an xml file like this one: <scene formatVersion="1.0.0"> <nodes> <node name="scene-staircase.001"> <position x="10.500000" y="1.400000" z="-9.600000"/> <quaternion x="0.000000" y="0.000000" z="-0.000000" w="1.000000"/> <scale x="1.000000" y="1.000000" z="1.000000"/> <entity name="scene-staircase.001" meshFile="staircase.mesh"/> </node> <node name="Lamp.003"> <position x="11.024290" y="5.903862" z="9.658987"/> <quaternion x="-0.284166" y="0.726942" z="0.342034" w="0.523275"/> <scale x="1.000000" y="1.000000" z="1.000000"/> <light name="Spot.003" type="point"> <colourDiffuse r="0.400000" g="0.154618" b="0.145180"/> <colourSpecular r="0.400000" g="0.154618" b="0.145180"/> <lightAttenuation range="5000.0" constant="1.000000" linear="0.033333" quadratic="0.000000"/> </light> </node> ... </nodes> </scene> Using naming conventions I could easily parse the file and load the correspondent in game content. I am new to XNA and I have seen that there are several methods to load XML files into a game like serializing and deserializing. Which one would you recommend?

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• Ogre Specific libraries

  - by Molmasepic

  i have a simple question. For people that know and built ogre3D from source as a Static library, What is the order of which the libraries should be linked? The libraries I need to be organized are: Ogre Plugins 'libOgreMain.a' Ogre RenderSystems Boost(version 1.47)link Ogre's Dependencies The reason im asking is because in the Ogre forums, I have asked about this and didnt get a good reply...yet. The other reason is because even though i link to the boost library, i get this error: undefined reference to '_imp___ZN5boost6thread20hardware_concurrencyEv' My compiler is MinGW with CodeBlocks as the IDE And my Main Computer Im building on is Windows Vista 32 bit

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• Farseer Physics Engine and the Ms-PL License

  - by Stephen Tierney

  Am I able to produce code for a game which uses the Farseer engine and release my code under an open source license other than the Ms-PL? My concern is with the following section from the license: If you distribute any portion of the software in source code form, you may do so only under this license by including a complete copy of this license with your distribution. If you distribute any portion of the software in compiled or object code form, you may only do so under a license that complies with this license. If I do not include Farseer in my source code distribution does this give me an exemption from this clause as I am not distributing the software? My code merely uses its functions. No where in the license does it force you to provide source code for derivative works or linking works, it simply gives you the option of "if you distribute".

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• Android in-game pause screen

  - by Max

  Right now Im calling a new activity with an xml-view when I pause my game, but Since I do this I need to use context in my real-time code, and this is causing a memory leak. Is there any preffered way to pause the game? By pause I mean if game is over, if I die, or if I press pause-button. Would a custom dialog work just aswell? this would mean I wont have to leave my main-activity while im in-game.

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• Diagonal line of sight with two corners

  - by Ash Blue

  Right now I'm using Bresenham's line algorithm for line of sight. The problem is I've found an edge case where players can look through walls. Occurs when the player looks between two corners of a wall with a gap on the other side at specific angles. The result I want is for the tile between two walls to be marked invalid as so. What is the fastest way to modify Bresenham's line algorithm to solve this? If there isn't a good solution, is there a better suited algorithm? Any ideas are welcome. Please note the solution should also be capable of supporting 3d. Edit: For the working source code and an interactive demo of the completed product please see http://ashblue.github.io/javascript-pathfinding/

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• Multiple render targets and pixel shader outputs terminology

  - by Rei Miyasaka

  I'm a little confused on the jargon: does Multiple Render Targets (MRT) refer to outputting from a pixel shader to multiple elements in a struct? That is, when one says "MRT is to write to multiple textures", are multiple elements interleaved in a single output texture, or do you specify multiple discrete output textures? By the way, from what I understand, at least for DX9, all the elements of this struct need to be of the same size. Does this restriction still apply to DX11?

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• Stuck with A* implementation

  - by Syed

  I have implemented some A* code in C# using this JavaScript code. My C# implementation is the same as the above javascript code. But I'm unable to get it to work properly, e.g pathfinder blocks itself when the same number of walls are placed in front of it and some other scenarios as well like blocking it one way completely, I am assuming that code is standalone (not having other functionality included in other scripts). Can anyone tell me if the above code is missing any A star functionality?

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• component Initialization in component-based game architectures

  - by liortal

  I'm develping a 2d game (in XNA) and i've gone slightly towards a component-based approach, where i have a main game object (container) that holds different components. When implementing the needed functionality as components, i'm now faced with an issue -- who should initialize components? Are components usually passed in initialized into an entity, or some other entity initialized them? In my current design, i have an issue where the component, when created, requires knowledge regarding an attached entity, however these 2 events may not happen at the same time (component construction, attaching to a game entity). I am looking for a standard approach or examples of implementations that work, that overcome this issue or present a clear way to resolve it

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• Driver error when using multiple shaders

  - by Jinxi

  I'm using 3 different shaders: a tessellation shader to use the tessellation feature of DirectX11 :) a regular shader to show how it would look without tessellation and a text shader to display debug-info such as FPS, model count etc. All of these shaders are initialized at the beginning. Using the keyboard, I can switch between the tessellation shader and regular shader to render the scene. Additionally, I also want to be able toggle the display of debug-info using the text shader. Since implementing the tessellation shader the text shader doesn't work anymore. When I activate the DebugText (rendered using the text-shader) my screens go black for a while, and Windows displays the following message: Display Driver stopped responding and has recovered This happens with either of the two shaders used to render the scene. Additionally: I can start the application using the regular shader to render the scene and then switch to the tessellation shader. If I try to switch back to the regular shader I get the same error as with the text shader. What am I doing wrong when switching between shaders? What am I doing wrong when displaying text at the same time? What file can I post to help you help me? :) thx P.S. I already checked if my keyinputs interrupt at the wrong time (during render or so..), but that seems to be ok Testing Procedure Regular Shader without text shader Add text shader to Regular Shader by keyinput (works now, I built the text shader back to only vertex and pixel shader) (somthing with the z buffer is stil wrong...) Remove text shader, then change shader to Tessellation Shader by key input Then if I add the Text Shader or switch back to the Regular Shader Switching/Render Shader Here the code snipet from the Renderer.cpp where I choose the Shader according to the boolean "m_useTessellationShader": if(m_useTessellationShader) { // Render the model using the tesselation shader ecResult = m_ShaderManager->renderTessellationShader(m_D3D->getDeviceContext(), meshes[lod_level]->getIndexCount(), worldMatrix, viewMatrix, projectionMatrix, textures, texturecount, m_Light->getDirection(), m_Light->getAmbientColor(), m_Light->getDiffuseColor(), (D3DXVECTOR3)m_Camera->getPosition(), TESSELLATION_AMOUNT); } else { // todo: loaded model depends on distance to camera // Render the model using the light shader. ecResult = m_ShaderManager->renderShader(m_D3D->getDeviceContext(), meshes[lod_level]->getIndexCount(), lod_level, textures, texturecount, m_Light->getDirection(), m_Light->getAmbientColor(), m_Light->getDiffuseColor(), worldMatrix, viewMatrix, projectionMatrix); } And here the code snipet from the Mesh.cpp where I choose the Typology according to the boolean "useTessellationShader": // RenderBuffers is called from the Render function. The purpose of this function is to set the vertex buffer and index buffer as active on the input assembler in the GPU. Once the GPU has an active vertex buffer it can then use the shader to render that buffer. void Mesh::renderBuffers(ID3D11DeviceContext* deviceContext, bool useTessellationShader) { unsigned int stride; unsigned int offset; // Set vertex buffer stride and offset. stride = sizeof(VertexType); offset = 0; // Set the vertex buffer to active in the input assembler so it can be rendered. deviceContext->IASetVertexBuffers(0, 1, &m_vertexBuffer, &stride, &offset); // Set the index buffer to active in the input assembler so it can be rendered. deviceContext->IASetIndexBuffer(m_indexBuffer, DXGI_FORMAT_R32_UINT, 0); // Check which Shader is used to set the appropriate Topology // Set the type of primitive that should be rendered from this vertex buffer, in this case triangles. if(useTessellationShader) { deviceContext->IASetPrimitiveTopology(D3D11_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_3_CONTROL_POINT_PATCHLIST); }else{ deviceContext->IASetPrimitiveTopology(D3D11_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_TRIANGLELIST); } return; } RenderShader Could there be a problem using sometimes only vertex and pixel shader and after switching using vertex, hull, domain and pixel shader? Here a little overview of my architecture: TextClass: uses font.vs and font.ps deviceContext-VSSetShader(m_vertexShader, NULL, 0); deviceContext-PSSetShader(m_pixelShader, NULL, 0); deviceContext-PSSetSamplers(0, 1, &m_sampleState); RegularShader: uses vertex.vs and pixel.ps deviceContext-VSSetShader(m_vertexShader, NULL, 0); deviceContext-PSSetShader(m_pixelShader, NULL, 0); deviceContext-PSSetSamplers(0, 1, &m_sampleState); TessellationShader: uses tessellation.vs, tessellation.hs, tessellation.ds, tessellation.ps deviceContext-VSSetShader(m_vertexShader, NULL, 0); deviceContext-HSSetShader(m_hullShader, NULL, 0); deviceContext-DSSetShader(m_domainShader, NULL, 0); deviceContext-PSSetShader(m_pixelShader, NULL, 0); deviceContext-PSSetSamplers(0, 1, &m_sampleState); ClearState I'd like to switch between 2 shaders and it seems they have different context parameters, right? In clearstate methode it says it resets following params to NULL: I found following in my Direct3D Class: depth-stencil state - m_deviceContext-OMSetDepthStencilState rasterizer state - m_deviceContext-RSSetState(m_rasterState); blend state - m_device-CreateBlendState viewports - m_deviceContext-RSSetViewports(1, &viewport); I found following in every Shader Class: input/output resource slots - deviceContext-PSSetShaderResources shaders - deviceContext-VSSetShader to - deviceContext-PSSetShader input layouts - device-CreateInputLayout sampler state - device-CreateSamplerState These two I didn't understand, where can I find them? predications - ? scissor rectangles - ? Do I need to store them all localy so I can switch between them, because it doesn't feel right to reinitialize the Direct3d and the Shaders by every switch (key input)?!

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• Bone creation in XNA Content Pipeline

  - by cod3monk3y

  I'm trying to manually create a ModelContent instance that includes custom Bone data in a custom ContentProcessor in the XNA Content Pipeline. I can't seem to create or assign manually created bone data due to either private constructors or read-only collections (at every turn). The code I have right now that creates a single triangle ModelContent that I'd like to create a bone for is: MeshContent mc = new MeshContent(); mc.Positions.Add(new Vector3(-10, 0, 0)); mc.Positions.Add(new Vector3(0, 10, 0)); mc.Positions.Add(new Vector3(10, 0, 0)); GeometryContent gc = new GeometryContent(); gc.Indices.AddRange(new int[] { 0, 1, 2 }); gc.Vertices.AddRange(new int[] { 0, 1, 2 }); mc.Geometry.Add(gc); // Create normals MeshHelper.CalculateNormals(mc, true); // finally, convert it to a model ModelContent model = context.Convert<MeshContent, ModelContent>(mc, "ModelProcessor"); The documentation on XNA is amazingly sparse. I've been referencing the class diagrams created by DigitalRune and Sean Hargreaves blog, but I haven't found anything on creating bone content. Once the ModelContent is created, it's not possible to add bones because the Bones collection is read-only. And it seems the only way to create the ModelContent instance is to call the standard ModelProcessor via ContentProcessorContext.Convert. So it's a bit of a catch-22. The BoneContent class has a constructor but no methods except those inherited from NodeContent... though now (true to form) maybe I've realized the solution by asking the question. Should I create a root NodeContent with two children: one MeshContent and one BoneContent as the root of my skeleton; then pass the root NodeContent to ContentProcessorContext.Convert? Off to try that now...

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• 2D Side Scrolling game and "walk over ground" collision detection

  - by Fire-Dragon-DoL

  The question is not hard, I'm writing a game engine for 2D side scrolling games, however I'm thinking to my 2D side scrolling game and I always come up with the problem of "how should I do collision with the ground". I think I couldn't handle the collision with ground (ground for me is "where the player walk", so something heavily used) in a per-pixel way, and I can't even do it with simple shape comparison (because the ground can be tilted), so what's the correct way? I'know what tiles are and i've read about it, but how much should be big each tile to not appear like a stairs?Are there any other approach? I watched this game and is very nice how he walks on ground: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DmSAQwbbig8&feature=player_embedded If there are "platforms" in mid air, how should I handle them?I can walk over them but I can't pass "inside". Imagine a platform in mid air, it allows you to walk over it but limit you because you can't jump in the area she fits Sorry for my english, it's not my native language and this topic has a lot of keywords I don't know so I have to use workarounds Thanks for any answer Additional informations and suggestions: I'm doing a game course in this period and I asked them how to do this, they suggested me this approach (a QuadTree): -All map is divided into "big nodes" -Each bigger node has sub nodes, to find where the player is -You can find player's node with a ray on player position -When you find the node where the player is, you can do collision check through all pixels (which can be 100-200px nothing more) Here is an example, however i didn't show very well the bigger nodes because i'm not very good with photoshop :P How is this approach?

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• Converting 2D Physics to 3D.

  - by static void main

  I'm new to game physics and I am trying to adapt a simple 2D ball simulation for a 3D simulation with the Java3D library. I have this problem: Two things: 1) I noted down the values generated by the engine: X/Y are too high and minX/minY/maxY/maxX values are causing trouble. Sometimes the balls are drawing but not moving Sometimes they are going out of the panel Sometimes they're moving on little area Sometimes they just stick at one place... 2) I'm unable to select/define/set the default correct/suitable values considering the 3D graphics scaling/resolution while they are set with respect to 2D screen coordinates, that is my only problem. Please help. This is the code: public class Ball extends GameObject { private float x, y; // Ball's center (x, y) private float speedX, speedY; // Ball's speed per step in x and y private float radius; // Ball's radius // Collision detected by collision detection and response algorithm? boolean collisionDetected = false; // If collision detected, the next state of the ball. // Otherwise, meaningless. private float nextX, nextY; private float nextSpeedX, nextSpeedY; private static final float BOX_WIDTH = 640; private static final float BOX_HEIGHT = 480; /** * Constructor The velocity is specified in polar coordinates of speed and * moveAngle (for user friendliness), in Graphics coordinates with an * inverted y-axis. */ public Ball(String name1,float x, float y, float radius, float speed, float angleInDegree, Color color) { this.x = x; this.y = y; // Convert velocity from polar to rectangular x and y. this.speedX = speed * (float) Math.cos(Math.toRadians(angleInDegree)); this.speedY = speed * (float) Math.sin(Math.toRadians(angleInDegree)); this.radius = radius; } public void move() { if (collisionDetected) { // Collision detected, use the values computed. x = nextX; y = nextY; speedX = nextSpeedX; speedY = nextSpeedY; } else { // No collision, move one step and no change in speed. x += speedX; y += speedY; } collisionDetected = false; // Clear the flag for the next step } public void collideWith() { // Get the ball's bounds, offset by the radius of the ball float minX = 0.0f + radius; float minY = 0.0f + radius; float maxX = 0.0f + BOX_WIDTH - 1.0f - radius; float maxY = 0.0f + BOX_HEIGHT - 1.0f - radius; double gravAmount = 0.9811111f; double gravDir = (90 / 57.2960285258); // Try moving one full step nextX = x + speedX; nextY = y + speedY; System.out.println("In serializedBall in collision."); // If collision detected. Reflect on the x or/and y axis // and place the ball at the point of impact. if (speedX != 0) { if (nextX > maxX) { // Check maximum-X bound collisionDetected = true; nextSpeedX = -speedX; // Reflect nextSpeedY = speedY; // Same nextX = maxX; nextY = (maxX - x) * speedY / speedX + y; // speedX non-zero } else if (nextX < minX) { // Check minimum-X bound collisionDetected = true; nextSpeedX = -speedX; // Reflect nextSpeedY = speedY; // Same nextX = minX; nextY = (minX - x) * speedY / speedX + y; // speedX non-zero } } // In case the ball runs over both the borders. if (speedY != 0) { if (nextY > maxY) { // Check maximum-Y bound collisionDetected = true; nextSpeedX = speedX; // Same nextSpeedY = -speedY; // Reflect nextY = maxY; nextX = (maxY - y) * speedX / speedY + x; // speedY non-zero } else if (nextY < minY) { // Check minimum-Y bound collisionDetected = true; nextSpeedX = speedX; // Same nextSpeedY = -speedY; // Reflect nextY = minY; nextX = (minY - y) * speedX / speedY + x; // speedY non-zero } } speedX += Math.cos(gravDir) * gravAmount; speedY += Math.sin(gravDir) * gravAmount; } public float getSpeed() { return (float) Math.sqrt(speedX * speedX + speedY * speedY); } public float getMoveAngle() { return (float) Math.toDegrees(Math.atan2(speedY, speedX)); } public float getRadius() { return radius; } public float getX() { return x; } public float getY() { return y; } public void setX(float f) { x = f; } public void setY(float f) { y = f; } } Here's how I'm drawing the balls: public class 3DMovingBodies extends Applet implements Runnable { private static final int BOX_WIDTH = 800; private static final int BOX_HEIGHT = 600; private int currentNumBalls = 1; // number currently active private volatile boolean playing; private long mFrameDelay; private JFrame frame; private int currentFrameRate; private Ball[] ball = new Ball[currentNumBalls]; private Random rand; private Sphere[] sphere = new Sphere[currentNumBalls]; private Transform3D[] trans = new Transform3D[currentNumBalls]; private TransformGroup[] objTrans = new TransformGroup[currentNumBalls]; public 3DMovingBodies() { rand = new Random(); float angleInDegree = rand.nextInt(360); setLayout(new BorderLayout()); GraphicsConfiguration config = SimpleUniverse .getPreferredConfiguration(); Canvas3D c = new Canvas3D(config); add("Center", c); ball[0] = new Ball(0.5f, 0.0f, 0.5f, 0.4f, angleInDegree, Color.yellow); // ball[1] = new Ball(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.25f, 0.8f, angleInDegree, // Color.yellow); // ball[2] = new Ball(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.15f, 0.11f, angleInDegree, // Color.yellow); trans[0] = new Transform3D(); // trans[1] = new Transform3D(); // trans[2] = new Transform3D(); sphere[0] = new Sphere(0.5f); // sphere[1] = new Sphere(0.25f); // sphere[2] = new Sphere(0.15f); // Create a simple scene and attach it to the virtual universe BranchGroup scene = createSceneGraph(); SimpleUniverse u = new SimpleUniverse(c); u.getViewingPlatform().setNominalViewingTransform(); u.addBranchGraph(scene); startSimulation(); } public BranchGroup createSceneGraph() { // Create the root of the branch graph BranchGroup objRoot = new BranchGroup(); for (int i = 0; i < currentNumBalls; i++) { // Create a simple shape leaf node, add it to the scene graph. objTrans[i] = new TransformGroup(); objTrans[i].setCapability(TransformGroup.ALLOW_TRANSFORM_WRITE); Transform3D pos1 = new Transform3D(); pos1.setTranslation(randomPos()); objTrans[i].setTransform(pos1); objTrans[i].addChild(sphere[i]); objRoot.addChild(objTrans[i]); } BoundingSphere bounds = new BoundingSphere(new Point3d(0.0, 0.0, 0.0), 100.0); Color3f light1Color = new Color3f(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.2f); Vector3f light1Direction = new Vector3f(4.0f, -7.0f, -12.0f); DirectionalLight light1 = new DirectionalLight(light1Color, light1Direction); light1.setInfluencingBounds(bounds); objRoot.addChild(light1); // Set up the ambient light Color3f ambientColor = new Color3f(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f); AmbientLight ambientLightNode = new AmbientLight(ambientColor); ambientLightNode.setInfluencingBounds(bounds); objRoot.addChild(ambientLightNode); return objRoot; } public void startSimulation() { playing = true; Thread t = new Thread(this); t.start(); } public void stop() { playing = false; } public void run() { long previousTime = System.currentTimeMillis(); long currentTime = previousTime; long elapsedTime; long totalElapsedTime = 0; int frameCount = 0; while (true) { currentTime = System.currentTimeMillis(); elapsedTime = (currentTime - previousTime); // elapsed time in // seconds totalElapsedTime += elapsedTime; if (totalElapsedTime > 1000) { currentFrameRate = frameCount; frameCount = 0; totalElapsedTime = 0; } for (int i = 0; i < currentNumBalls; i++) { ball[i].move(); ball[i].collideWith(); drawworld(); } try { Thread.sleep(88); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } previousTime = currentTime; frameCount++; } } public void drawworld() { for (int i = 0; i < currentNumBalls; i++) { printTG(objTrans[i], "SteerTG"); trans[i].setTranslation(new Vector3f(ball[i].getX(), ball[i].getY(), 0.0f)); objTrans[i].setTransform(trans[i]); } } private Vector3f randomPos() /* * Return a random position vector. The numbers are hardwired to be within * the confines of the box. */ { Vector3f pos = new Vector3f(); pos.x = rand.nextFloat() * 5.0f - 2.5f; // -2.5 to 2.5 pos.y = rand.nextFloat() * 2.0f + 0.5f; // 0.5 to 2.5 pos.z = rand.nextFloat() * 5.0f - 2.5f; // -2.5 to 2.5 return pos; } // end of randomPos() public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.println("Program Started"); 3DMovingBodiesbb = new 3DMovingBodies(); bb.addKeyListener(bb); MainFrame mf = new MainFrame(bb, 600, 400); } }

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• How to solve exception_priv _instruction exception while running destop project? [on hold]

  - by Haritha

  While running desktop project im getting exception_priv _instruction how to solve this??? while running this page is coming # # A fatal error has been detected by the Java Runtime Environment: # # EXCEPTION_PRIV_INSTRUCTION (0xc0000096) at pc=0x02f5a92b, pid=3012, tid=3104 # # JRE version: 7.0-b147 # Java VM: Java HotSpot(TM) Client VM (21.0-b17 mixed mode, sharing windows-x86 ) # Problematic frame: # C 0x02f5a92b # # Failed to write core dump. Minidumps are not enabled by default on client versions of Windows # # If you would like to submit a bug report, please visit: # http://bugreport.sun.com/bugreport/crash.jsp # The crash happened outside the Java Virtual Machine in native code. # See problematic frame for where to report the bug. # --------------- T H R E A D --------------- Current thread (0x02f5a800): JavaThread "LWJGL Application" [_thread_in_native, id=3104, stack(0x076f0000,0x07740000)] siginfo: ExceptionCode=0xc0000096 Registers: EAX=0x000df4f0, EBX=0x32afc180, ECX=0x000df4f0, EDX=0x00000020 ESP=0x0773f768, EBP=0x0773f790, ESI=0x32afc180, EDI=0x02f5a800 EIP=0x02f5a92b, EFLAGS=0x00010206 Top of Stack: (sp=0x0773f768) 0x0773f768: 02bd429c 02bd429c 0773f770 32afc180 0x0773f778: 0773f7b8 32b022c8 00000000 32afc180 0x0773f788: 00000000 0773f7a0 0773f7dc 00943187 0x0773f798: 229ec1c0 00948839 69081736 00000000 0x0773f7a8: 089b0048 00000000 00000014 00001406 0x0773f7b8: 00000002 0773f7bc 32afbeb0 0773f7f8 0x0773f7c8: 32b022c8 00000000 32afbf00 0773f7a0 0x0773f7d8: 0773f7f0 0773f81c 00943187 69081736 Instructions: (pc=0x02f5a92b) 0x02f5a90b: 00 43 00 00 00 00 f0 bc 02 e8 00 e9 22 40 f7 73 0x02f5a91b: 07 85 a5 94 00 90 f7 73 07 50 cc a0 6d d8 49 c0 0x02f5a92b: 6d 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 0x02f5a93b: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 08 80 3d 37 00 00 00 Register to memory mapping: EAX=0x000df4f0 is an unknown value EBX=0x32afc180 is an oop {method} - klass: {other class} ECX=0x000df4f0 is an unknown value EDX=0x00000020 is an unknown value ESP=0x0773f768 is pointing into the stack for thread: 0x02f5a800 EBP=0x0773f790 is pointing into the stack for thread: 0x02f5a800 ESI=0x32afc180 is an oop {method} - klass: {other class} EDI=0x02f5a800 is a thread Stack: [0x076f0000,0x07740000], sp=0x0773f768, free space=317k Native frames: (J=compiled Java code, j=interpreted, Vv=VM code, C=native code) C 0x02f5a92b j org.lwjgl.opengl.GL11.glVertexPointer(IILjava/nio/FloatBuffer;)V+48 j com.badlogic.gdx.backends.lwjgl.LwjglGL10.glVertexPointer(IIILjava/nio/Buffer;)V+53 j com.badlogic.gdx.graphics.glutils.VertexArray.bind()V+149 j com.badlogic.gdx.graphics.Mesh.bind()V+25 j com.badlogic.gdx.graphics.Mesh.render(IIIZ)V+32 j com.badlogic.gdx.graphics.Mesh.render(III)V+8 j com.badlogic.gdx.graphics.g2d.SpriteBatch.flush()V+197 j com.badlogic.gdx.graphics.g2d.SpriteBatch.switchTexture(Lcom/badlogic/gdx/graphics/Texture;)V+1 j com.badlogic.gdx.graphics.g2d.SpriteBatch.draw(Lcom/badlogic/gdx/graphics/Texture;FFFF)V+33 j sevenseas.game.WorldRenderer.drawBob()V+54 j sevenseas.game.WorldRenderer.render()V+12 j sevenseas.game.GameClass.render(F)V+38 j com.badlogic.gdx.Game.render()V+19 j com.badlogic.gdx.backends.lwjgl.LwjglApplication.mainLoop()V+642 j com.badlogic.gdx.backends.lwjgl.LwjglApplication$1.run()V+27 v ~StubRoutines::call_stub V [jvm.dll+0x122c7e] V [jvm.dll+0x1c9c0e] V [jvm.dll+0x122e73] V [jvm.dll+0x122ed7] V [jvm.dll+0xccd1f] V [jvm.dll+0x14433f] V [jvm.dll+0x171549] C [msvcr100.dll+0x5c6de] endthreadex+0x3a C [msvcr100.dll+0x5c788] endthreadex+0xe4 C [kernel32.dll+0xb713] GetModuleFileNameA+0x1b4 Java frames: (J=compiled Java code, j=interpreted, Vv=VM code) j org.lwjgl.opengl.GL11.nglVertexPointer(IIIJJ)V+0 j org.lwjgl.opengl.GL11.glVertexPointer(IILjava/nio/FloatBuffer;)V+48 j com.badlogic.gdx.backends.lwjgl.LwjglGL10.glVertexPointer(IIILjava/nio/Buffer;)V+53 j com.badlogic.gdx.graphics.glutils.VertexArray.bind()V+149 j com.badlogic.gdx.graphics.Mesh.bind()V+25 j com.badlogic.gdx.graphics.Mesh.render(IIIZ)V+32 j com.badlogic.gdx.graphics.Mesh.render(III)V+8 j com.badlogic.gdx.graphics.g2d.SpriteBatch.flush()V+197 j com.badlogic.gdx.graphics.g2d.SpriteBatch.switchTexture(Lcom/badlogic/gdx/graphics/Texture;)V+1 j com.badlogic.gdx.graphics.g2d.SpriteBatch.draw(Lcom/badlogic/gdx/graphics/Texture;FFFF)V+33 j sevenseas.game.WorldRenderer.drawBob()V+54 j sevenseas.game.WorldRenderer.render()V+12 j sevenseas.game.GameClass.render(F)V+38 j com.badlogic.gdx.Game.render()V+19 j com.badlogic.gdx.backends.lwjgl.LwjglApplication.mainLoop()V+642 j com.badlogic.gdx.backends.lwjgl.LwjglApplication$1.run()V+27 v ~StubRoutines::call_stub --------------- P R O C E S S --------------- Java Threads: ( => current thread ) 0x003d6c00 JavaThread "DestroyJavaVM" [_thread_blocked, id=3240, stack(0x008c0000,0x00910000)] =>0x02f5a800 JavaThread "LWJGL Application" [_thread_in_native, id=3104, stack(0x076f0000,0x07740000)] 0x02bcf000 JavaThread "Service Thread" daemon [_thread_blocked, id=2612, stack(0x02e00000,0x02e50000)] 0x02bc1000 JavaThread "C1 CompilerThread0" daemon [_thread_blocked, id=2776, stack(0x02db0000,0x02e00000)] 0x02bbf400 JavaThread "Attach Listener" daemon [_thread_blocked, id=2448, stack(0x02d60000,0x02db0000)] 0x02bbe000 JavaThread "Signal Dispatcher" daemon [_thread_blocked, id=1764, stack(0x02d10000,0x02d60000)] 0x02bb8000 JavaThread "Finalizer" daemon [_thread_blocked, id=3864, stack(0x02cc0000,0x02d10000)] 0x02bb3400 JavaThread "Reference Handler" daemon [_thread_blocked, id=2424, stack(0x02c70000,0x02cc0000)] Other Threads: 0x02bb1800 VMThread [stack: 0x02c20000,0x02c70000] [id=3076] 0x02bd1000 WatcherThread [stack: 0x02e50000,0x02ea0000] [id=3276] VM state:not at safepoint (normal execution) VM Mutex/Monitor currently owned by a thread: None Heap def new generation total 4928K, used 2571K [0x229c0000, 0x22f10000, 0x27f10000) eden space 4416K, 46% used [0x229c0000, 0x22bc2e38, 0x22e10000) from space 512K, 100% used [0x22e90000, 0x22f10000, 0x22f10000) to space 512K, 0% used [0x22e10000, 0x22e10000, 0x22e90000) tenured generation total 10944K, used 634K [0x27f10000, 0x289c0000, 0x329c0000) the space 10944K, 5% used [0x27f10000, 0x27faea60, 0x27faec00, 0x289c0000) compacting perm gen total 12288K, used 1655K [0x329c0000, 0x335c0000, 0x369c0000) the space 12288K, 13% used [0x329c0000, 0x32b5dc58, 0x32b5de00, 0x335c0000) ro space 10240K, 42% used [0x369c0000, 0x36dfc660, 0x36dfc800, 0x373c0000) rw space 12288K, 53% used [0x373c0000, 0x37a38180, 0x37a38200, 0x37fc0000) Code Cache [0x00940000, 0x009d8000, 0x02940000) total_blobs=305 nmethods=80 adapters=158 free_code_cache=32183Kb largest_free_block=32955904 Dynamic libraries: 0x00400000 - 0x0042f000 C:\Program Files\Java\jre7\bin\javaw.exe 0x7c900000 - 0x7c9af000 C:\WINDOWS\system32\ntdll.dll 0x7c800000 - 0x7c8f6000 C:\WINDOWS\system32\kernel32.dll 0x77dd0000 - 0x77e6b000 C:\WINDOWS\system32\ADVAPI32.dll 0x77e70000 - 0x77f02000 C:\WINDOWS\system32\RPCRT4.dll 0x77fe0000 - 0x77ff1000 C:\WINDOWS\system32\Secur32.dll 0x7e410000 - 0x7e4a1000 C:\WINDOWS\system32\USER32.dll 0x77f10000 - 0x77f59000 C:\WINDOWS\system32\GDI32.dll 0x773d0000 - 0x774d3000 C:\WINDOWS\WinSxS\x86_Microsoft.Windows.Common-Controls_6595b64144ccf1df_6.0.2600.5512_x-ww_35d4ce83\COMCTL32.dll 0x77c10000 - 0x77c68000 C:\WINDOWS\system32\msvcrt.dll 0x77f60000 - 0x77fd6000 C:\WINDOWS\system32\SHLWAPI.dll 0x76390000 - 0x763ad000 C:\WINDOWS\system32\IMM32.DLL 0x629c0000 - 0x629c9000 C:\WINDOWS\system32\LPK.DLL 0x74d90000 - 0x74dfb000 C:\WINDOWS\system32\USP10.dll 0x78aa0000 - 0x78b5e000 C:\Program Files\Java\jre7\bin\msvcr100.dll 0x6d940000 - 0x6dc61000 C:\Program Files\Java\jre7\bin\client\jvm.dll 0x71ad0000 - 0x71ad9000 C:\WINDOWS\system32\WSOCK32.dll 0x71ab0000 - 0x71ac7000 C:\WINDOWS\system32\WS2_32.dll 0x71aa0000 - 0x71aa8000 C:\WINDOWS\system32\WS2HELP.dll 0x76b40000 - 0x76b6d000 C:\WINDOWS\system32\WINMM.dll 0x76bf0000 - 0x76bfb000 C:\WINDOWS\system32\PSAPI.DLL 0x6d8d0000 - 0x6d8dc000 C:\Program Files\Java\jre7\bin\verify.dll 0x6d370000 - 0x6d390000 C:\Program Files\Java\jre7\bin\java.dll 0x6d920000 - 0x6d933000 C:\Program Files\Java\jre7\bin\zip.dll 0x6cec0000 - 0x6cf42000 C:\Documents and Settings\7stl0225\Local Settings\Temp\libgdx7stl0225\37fe1abc\gdx.dll 0x10000000 - 0x1004c000 C:\Documents and Settings\7stl0225\Local Settings\Temp\libgdx7stl0225\52d76f2b\lwjgl.dll 0x5ed00000 - 0x5edcc000 C:\WINDOWS\system32\OPENGL32.dll 0x68b20000 - 0x68b40000 C:\WINDOWS\system32\GLU32.dll 0x73760000 - 0x737ab000 C:\WINDOWS\system32\DDRAW.dll 0x73bc0000 - 0x73bc6000 C:\WINDOWS\system32\DCIMAN32.dll 0x77c00000 - 0x77c08000 C:\WINDOWS\system32\VERSION.dll 0x070b0000 - 0x07115000 C:\DOCUME~1\7stl0225\LOCALS~1\Temp\libgdx7stl0225\52d76f2b\OpenAL32.dll 0x7c9c0000 - 0x7d1d7000 C:\WINDOWS\system32\SHELL32.dll 0x774e0000 - 0x7761d000 C:\WINDOWS\system32\ole32.dll 0x5ad70000 - 0x5ada8000 C:\WINDOWS\system32\uxtheme.dll 0x76fd0000 - 0x7704f000 C:\WINDOWS\system32\CLBCATQ.DLL 0x77050000 - 0x77115000 C:\WINDOWS\system32\COMRes.dll 0x77120000 - 0x771ab000 C:\WINDOWS\system32\OLEAUT32.dll 0x73f10000 - 0x73f6c000 C:\WINDOWS\system32\dsound.dll 0x76c30000 - 0x76c5e000 C:\WINDOWS\system32\WINTRUST.dll 0x77a80000 - 0x77b15000 C:\WINDOWS\system32\CRYPT32.dll 0x77b20000 - 0x77b32000 C:\WINDOWS\system32\MSASN1.dll 0x76c90000 - 0x76cb8000 C:\WINDOWS\system32\IMAGEHLP.dll 0x72d20000 - 0x72d29000 C:\WINDOWS\system32\wdmaud.drv 0x72d10000 - 0x72d18000 C:\WINDOWS\system32\msacm32.drv 0x77be0000 - 0x77bf5000 C:\WINDOWS\system32\MSACM32.dll 0x77bd0000 - 0x77bd7000 C:\WINDOWS\system32\midimap.dll 0x73ee0000 - 0x73ee4000 C:\WINDOWS\system32\KsUser.dll 0x755c0000 - 0x755ee000 C:\WINDOWS\system32\msctfime.ime 0x69000000 - 0x691a9000 C:\WINDOWS\system32\sisgl.dll 0x73b30000 - 0x73b45000 C:\WINDOWS\system32\mscms.dll 0x73000000 - 0x73026000 C:\WINDOWS\system32\WINSPOOL.DRV 0x66e90000 - 0x66ed1000 C:\WINDOWS\system32\icm32.dll 0x07760000 - 0x0778d000 C:\Program Files\WordWeb\WHook.dll 0x74c80000 - 0x74cac000 C:\WINDOWS\system32\OLEACC.dll 0x76080000 - 0x760e5000 C:\WINDOWS\system32\MSVCP60.dll VM Arguments: jvm_args: -Dfile.encoding=Cp1252 java_command: sevenseas.game.MainDesktop Launcher Type: SUN_STANDARD Environment Variables: PATH=C:/Program Files/Java/jre7/bin/client;C:/Program Files/Java/jre7/bin;C:/Program Files/Java/jre7/lib/i386;C:\WINDOWS\system32;C:\WINDOWS;C:\WINDOWS\System32\Wbem;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.7.0\bin;C:\eclipse; USERNAME=7stl0225 OS=Windows_NT PROCESSOR_IDENTIFIER=x86 Family 15 Model 4 Stepping 1, GenuineIntel --------------- S Y S T E M --------------- OS: Windows XP Build 2600 Service Pack 3 CPU:total 1 (1 cores per cpu, 1 threads per core) family 15 model 4 stepping 1, cmov, cx8, fxsr, mmx, sse, sse2, sse3 Memory: 4k page, physical 2031088k(939252k free), swap 3969920k(3011396k free) vm_info: Java HotSpot(TM) Client VM (21.0-b17) for windows-x86 JRE (1.7.0-b147), built on Jun 27 2011 02:25:52 by "java_re" with unknown MS VC++:1600 time: Sat Oct 26 12:35:14 2013 elapsed time: 0 seconds

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• As a game developer, which data structure use for develop the game? [duplicate]

  - by Rizwanabbasi

  This question already has an answer here: When should vector/list be used? 5 answers We are developing a game for bank robbery. The game plots a bank robbery. Lots of people witness that robbery. Our game will load the lists of suspected offenders while the players (witnesses) will have to identify the offenders of this robbery. Game should load list of offenders to identify the one as quickly as possible. Admin can add/remove offenders in the lists and two or more lists of offenders can also be merged into one (to show it to the player). As a game developer, which data structure we should use for develop the game? Justify your selection with solid arguments. Remember the most critical requirement is that the list should load super fast.

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• Tower defense game: Poison tower in fieldrunners dynamics

  - by Syed Ali Haider Abidi

  I had made a 2d tower defense game in unity3d. Done all the pathfinder, tower upgrading, cash stuff. Now the dynamics. Can one help me in making the dynamics of the paint tower.. Please remember as its a 2d game so I am working on spritesheets. This tower is more like the poison tower in fieldrunners. Fow now I have only one image which follows the enemy but it remains the same. But in fieldrunners it's more realistic -- it changes its direction when the enemies are on different angles.

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• How can I reorient the axes of an object?

  - by d3vid

  I spent some time in Unity yesterday trying to fire a sphere from a horizontal cylinder (like a ball from a cannon). I was using Vector3.forward, but the sphere kept coming out the top of the cylinder rather than the front. Someone suggested using Vector3.up instead, and sure enough it worked! The cylinder is vertical by default. So, it appears that when I rotated the cylinder by 90 degrees to lay it flat, the local axes remained the same. The relative front of the cylinder remained at the same point, so when I fired the sphere it shot out the new "top", not what looked to me like the "front". If I had happened to be facing the other way, I would have had to fire at Vector3.down instead. How can I reorient/reset the axes of an object so that they match my expectations? (And if I can't, how can I tell by looking which way an object is oriented?)

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• Selling Android apps from Latvia? or should I just put banners?

  - by Roger Travis

  I am in Latvia ( which is not supported to sell apps at android market ), so I am thinking about the best way of monetizing my app. So far I've come up with such options: somehow imitate that I am from a supported country, get a bank account there, etc. use PayPal for in-app purchases. The player get, say, first 10 levels for free, but then is asked to pay 0.99$ for the rest of the game. downsides: player might not feel comfortable entering his paypal details into an app. also android market might not really like that. making the app free and get money from advertising... let's do some calculation here, say, I get 1m free downloads, each user during his playtime would see 10 banners, therefor 10m / 1000 * 0.3 = gives roughly 33k$ ( if we use adMob with their 0.3$ per 1000 impressions ). On the other hand, if we use paypal in app purchase, we need a 3% or more conversion rate to beat this... hmm... What do you think about all this? Thanks! edit: from what I just read all over the net, it looks like advertisers will change their eCPM price a lot without you understanding why... while using in-app paypal purchase you can at least somehow monitor the cashflow.

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