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• How to fetch ./configure parameters used at last time?

  - by FractalizeR

  Hello. I am upgrading LAMP stack on customer's server and need to ./configure mysql and apache with exact last settings they were compiled with last time. Where do I get these? PHP configure string can be got by php -i. What about others?

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• OpenOffice Daemon Problem

  - by mp_gt

  Dear all, I'm using OpenOffice as a daemon. Sometimes, when the daemon is running a long time, CPU use spikes very high and then openoffice crash. At this point, the open office applicattion don't work and the documents don't be generated. How can I restart automatically the openoffice daemon when this problem happens? Is there any way to monitor the service or to program a watchdog to handle it? Thanks in advance, regards.

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• Running multiple sites on a LAMP with secure isolation

  - by David C.

  Hi everybody, I have been administering a few LAMP servers with 2-5 sites on each of them. These are basically owned by the same user/client so there are no security issues except from attacks through vulnerable deamons or scripts. I am builing my own server and would like to start hosting multiple sites. My first concern is... ISOLATION. How can I avoid that a c99 script could deface all the virtual hosts? Also, should I prevent that c99 to be able to write/read the other sites' directories? (It is easy to "cat" a config.php from another site and then get into the mysql database) My server is a VPS with 512M burstable to 1G. Among the free hosting managers, is there any small one which works for my VPS? (which maybe is compatible with the security approach I would like to have) Currently I am not planning to host over 10 sites but I would not accept that a client/hacker could navigate into unwanted directories or, worse, run malicious scripts. FTP management would be fine. I don't want to complicate things with SSH isolation. What is the best practice in this case? Basically, what do hosting companies do to sleep well? :) Thanks very much! David

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• VLC tv card streaming

  - by Franco

  I'm trying to stream the output of my desktop's tv card to my laptop using vlc without success. I have on both pcs ArchLinux installed. I'm stuck here: $ cvlc v4l2:///dev/video0:norm=pal-nc:frequency=543250:size=640x480:channel=0:input-slave=alsa:///dev/dsp:audio=0 --sout '#transcode{vcodec=mp4v,acodec=mpga,vb=3000,ab=256,vt=800000,keyint=80,deinterlace}:standard{access=http,mux=ogg,dst=192.168.0.2:8080}' --ttl 12 VLC media player 1.1.4 The Luggage (revision exported) Blocked: call to unsetenv("DBUS_ACTIVATION_ADDRESS") Blocked: call to unsetenv("DBUS_ACTIVATION_BUS_TYPE") [0x1c9e480] inhibit interface error: Failed to connect to the D-Bus session daemon: /usr/bin/dbus-launch terminated abnormally with the following error: Autolaunch error: X11 initialization failed. [0x1c9e480] main interface error: no suitable interface module [0x1ca1500] main interface error: no suitable interface module [0x1bb3120] main libvlc error: interface "globalhotkeys,none" initialization failed [0x1c9f940] dummy interface: using the dummy interface module... [0x1ca4850] main access out: creating httpd [0x1ebb340] mux_ogg mux: Open And on my laptop: $ vlc http://192.168.0.2:8080 VLC media player 1.1.4.1 The Luggage (revision exported) Blocked: call to unsetenv("DBUS_ACTIVATION_ADDRESS") Blocked: call to unsetenv("DBUS_ACTIVATION_BUS_TYPE") Blocked: call to setlocale(6, "") Blocked: call to sigaction(17, 0xb25c7058, 0xb25c70e4) Warning: call to signal(13, 0x1) Warning: call to signal(13, 0x1) Blocked: call to setenv("ORBIT_SOCKETDIR", "/tmp/orbit-zf", 1) Warning: call to srand(1287690122) Warning: call to rand() Blocked: call to setlocale(6, "") (process:17933): Gtk-WARNING **: Locale not supported by C library. Using the fallback 'C' locale. Warning: call to signal(13, 0x1) Blocked: call to setlocale(6, "") [0x8af5f04] main stream error: cannot pre fill buffer Any idea why this isn't working?

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• phpmyadmin port change?

  - by Rajat

  How do i change my default phpmyadmin port to 443 or 9999? Is it possible or do I have use port 80 only? If possible, then how do I change share the same? Apache is listening on port 9999 for sure. However, going to URL http://<webserver>:9999/phpmyadmin/ Will give following error (with Firefox browser) An error occurred during a connection to webserver:9999. SSL received a record that exceeded the maximum permissible length. (Error code: ssl_error_rx_record_too_long) Anyone has any clue what is going on?

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• Convert a colored PDF into a white/black

  - by polslinux

  On Debian Sid, I have a PDF with a blue background and yellow font. I've searched a lot on Super User but i haven't found anything useful for me. I have tried to convert the PDF into a grayscale one with: gs -o grayscale.pdf -sDEVICE=pdfwrite -sColorConversionStrategy=Gray -sProcessColorModel=DeviceGray -dCompatibilityLevel=1.4 colored.pdf The problem is that I obtain a PDF whit white fonts and dark grey background so I cannot print it. After that I tried: convert -density 96x96 gs2.pdf -density 96x96 -negate -compress zip inv.pdf I got a PDF with black fonts (and this is okay) and grey background (and this is not okay). What can I do to obtain a PDF with white background and black fonts?

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• Bash command substitution not working as expected

  - by Joe Fruchey

  I'd like to view the last few lines of a file, but I want the columns aligned. Basically, I want to disable wordwrap. This is straightforward with: tail $FILE | cut -c -80 But I'm trying to generalize my script for other users, and I'd like to cut to the actual terminal width, which I can get with: stty size | cut -d" " -f2 So I would imagine that I could just tail $FILE | cut -c -`stty size | cut -d" " -f2` but it doesn't work: stty: standard input: Invalid argument cut: invalid range with no endpoint: - Try `cut --help' for more information. (Same results with the 'new' $() expansion.) Now, if I echo it, it seems fine: echo cut -c -`stty size | cut -d" " -f2` cut -c -103 Am I just missing an escape char? Or is this somehow just not possible? Thanks.

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• Can't FTP into server

  - by Roland

  I need to FTP in from one server to another If I FTP using my local PC using Krusader I'm able to FTP into the server but if I ssh into one server and I'm trying to FTP to the server using the same ftp credentials I get message [Resolving host address...] I know this address is correct since I can ping it from the server I use the following command lftp 'open -u username,password server' If I use the same command to ftp to a different server it works. Any help advise will be greatly appreciated.

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• How to make new file permission inherit from the parent directory?

  - by Wai Yip Tung

  I have a directory called data. Then I am running a script under the user id 'robot'. robot writes to the data directory and update files inside. The idea is data is open for both me and robot to update. So I setup the permission and owner group like this drwxrwxr-x 2 me robot-grp 4096 Jun 11 20:50 data where both me and robot belongs to the 'robot-grp'. I change the permission and the owner group recursively like the parent directory. I regularly upload new files into the data directory using rsync. Unfortunately, new files uploaded does not inherit the parent directory's permission as I hope. Instead it looks like this -rw-r--r-- 1 me users 6 Jun 11 20:50 new-file.txt When robot tries to update new-file.txt, it fails due to lack of file permission. I'm not sure if setting umask helps. In anycase the new files does not really follow it. $ umask -S u=rwx,g=rx,o=rx I'm often confounded by Unix file permission. Do I even have a right plan? I'm using Debian lenny.

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• Motherboard/PSU crippling USB and Sata

  - by celebdor

  I very recently bought a new desktop computer. The motherboard is: Z77MX-D3H and the power supply is ocz zs series 550w. The issue I have is that once I boot to the operating system (I have tried with fedora and Ubuntu with kernels 2.6.38 - 3.4.0), my hard drive (2.5" Magnetic) occasionally makes a power switch noise and it resets. Needless to say, when this drive is the OS drive, the OS crashes. I also have a SSD that works fine with the same OS configurations, but if I have the magnetic hard drive attached as second drive, it works erratically and the reconnects result in corrupted data. I also noticed that whenever I plug an external hard drive USB2.0 or USB3.0 to the computer the issue with the reconnects is even worse: [ 52.198441] sd 7:0:0:0: [sdc] Spinning up disk... [ 57.955811] usb 4-3: USB disconnect, device number 3 [ 58.023687] .ready [ 58.023914] sd 7:0:0:0: [sdc] READ CAPACITY(16) failed [ 58.023919] sd 7:0:0:0: [sdc] Result: hostbyte=DID_NO_CONNECT driverbyte=DRIVER_OK [ 58.023932] sd 7:0:0:0: [sdc] Sense not available. [ 58.024061] sd 7:0:0:0: [sdc] READ CAPACITY failed [ 58.024063] sd 7:0:0:0: [sdc] Result: hostbyte=DID_NO_CONNECT driverbyte=DRIVER_OK [ 58.024064] sd 7:0:0:0: [sdc] Sense not available. [ 58.024099] sd 7:0:0:0: [sdc] Write Protect is off [ 58.024101] sd 7:0:0:0: [sdc] Mode Sense: 00 00 00 00 [ 58.024135] sd 7:0:0:0: [sdc] Asking for cache data failed [ 58.024137] sd 7:0:0:0: [sdc] Assuming drive cache: write through [ 58.024400] sd 7:0:0:0: [sdc] READ CAPACITY(16) failed [ 58.024402] sd 7:0:0:0: [sdc] Result: hostbyte=DID_NO_CONNECT driverbyte=DRIVER_OK [ 58.024405] sd 7:0:0:0: [sdc] Sense not available. [ 58.024448] sd 7:0:0:0: [sdc] READ CAPACITY failed [ 58.024450] sd 7:0:0:0: [sdc] Result: hostbyte=DID_NO_CONNECT driverbyte=DRIVER_OK [ 58.024451] sd 7:0:0:0: [sdc] Sense not available. [ 58.024469] sd 7:0:0:0: [sdc] Asking for cache data failed [ 58.024471] sd 7:0:0:0: [sdc] Assuming drive cache: write through [ 58.024472] sd 7:0:0:0: [sdc] Attached SCSI disk [ 58.407725] usb 4-3: new SuperSpeed USB device number 4 using xhci_hcd [ 58.424921] scsi8 : usb-storage 4-3:1.0 [ 59.424185] scsi 8:0:0:0: Direct-Access WD My Passport 0740 1003 PQ: 0 ANSI: 6 [ 59.424406] scsi 8:0:0:1: Enclosure WD SES Device 1003 PQ: 0 ANSI: 6 [ 59.425098] sd 8:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg2 type 0 [ 59.425176] ses 8:0:0:1: Attached Enclosure device [ 59.425248] ses 8:0:0:1: Attached scsi generic sg3 type 13 [ 61.845836] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdc] 976707584 512-byte logical blocks: (500 GB/465 GiB) [ 61.845838] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdc] 4096-byte physical blocks [ 61.846336] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdc] Write Protect is off [ 61.846338] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdc] Mode Sense: 47 00 10 08 [ 61.846718] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdc] No Caching mode page present [ 61.846720] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdc] Assuming drive cache: write through [ 61.848105] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdc] No Caching mode page present [ 61.848106] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdc] Assuming drive cache: write through [ 61.857147] sdc: sdc1 [ 61.858915] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdc] No Caching mode page present [ 61.858916] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdc] Assuming drive cache: write through [ 61.858918] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdc] Attached SCSI disk [ 69.875809] usb 4-3: USB disconnect, device number 4 [ 70.275816] usb 4-3: new SuperSpeed USB device number 5 using xhci_hcd [ 70.293063] scsi9 : usb-storage 4-3:1.0 [ 71.292257] scsi 9:0:0:0: Direct-Access WD My Passport 0740 1003 PQ: 0 ANSI: 6 [ 71.292505] scsi 9:0:0:1: Enclosure WD SES Device 1003 PQ: 0 ANSI: 6 [ 71.293527] sd 9:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg2 type 0 [ 71.293668] ses 9:0:0:1: Attached Enclosure device [ 71.293758] ses 9:0:0:1: Attached scsi generic sg3 type 13 [ 73.323804] usb 4-3: USB disconnect, device number 5 [ 101.868078] ses 9:0:0:1: Device offlined - not ready after error recovery [ 101.868124] ses 9:0:0:1: Failed to get diagnostic page 0x50000 [ 101.868131] ses 9:0:0:1: Failed to bind enclosure -19 [ 101.868288] sd 9:0:0:0: [sdc] READ CAPACITY(16) failed [ 101.868292] sd 9:0:0:0: [sdc] Result: hostbyte=DID_NO_CONNECT driverbyte=DRIVER_OK [ 101.868296] sd 9:0:0:0: [sdc] Sense not available. [ 101.868428] sd 9:0:0:0: [sdc] READ CAPACITY failed [ 101.868434] sd 9:0:0:0: [sdc] Result: hostbyte=DID_NO_CONNECT driverbyte=DRIVER_OK [ 101.868439] sd 9:0:0:0: [sdc] Sense not available. [ 101.868468] sd 9:0:0:0: [sdc] Write Protect is off [ 101.868473] sd 9:0:0:0: [sdc] Mode Sense: 00 00 00 00 [ 101.868580] sd 9:0:0:0: [sdc] Asking for cache data failed [ 101.868584] sd 9:0:0:0: [sdc] Assuming drive cache: write through [ 101.868845] sd 9:0:0:0: [sdc] READ CAPACITY(16) failed [ 101.868849] sd 9:0:0:0: [sdc] Result: hostbyte=DID_NO_CONNECT driverbyte=DRIVER_OK [ 101.868854] sd 9:0:0:0: [sdc] Sense not available. [ 101.868894] sd 9:0:0:0: [sdc] READ CAPACITY failed [ 101.868898] sd 9:0:0:0: [sdc] Result: hostbyte=DID_NO_CONNECT driverbyte=DRIVER_OK [ 101.868903] sd 9:0:0:0: [sdc] Sense not available. [ 101.868961] sd 9:0:0:0: [sdc] Asking for cache data failed [ 101.868966] sd 9:0:0:0: [sdc] Assuming drive cache: write through [ 101.868969] sd 9:0:0:0: [sdc] Attached SCSI disk Now, if I plug the same drive to the powered usb 2.0 hub of my monitor, the issue is not reproduced (at least on a 20h long operation). Also the issue of the usb reconnects is less frequent if the hard drive is plugged before I switch on the computer. Does anybody have some advice as to what I could do? Which is the faulty part/s that I should replace? As for me, I really don't know if to point my finger to the PSU or the Motherboard (I have updated to the latest firmware and checked the BIOS settings several times). EDIT: The reconnects are happening both in the Sata connected drives and the USBX connected drives.

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• JBD: Spotted dirty metadata buffer

  - by Jake Mach

  Sep 25 22:19:38 host kernel: [7798806.146942] JBD: Spotted dirty metadata buffer (dev = loop0, blocknr = 267). There's a risk of filesystem corruption in case of system crash. Sep 25 22:19:38 host kernel: [7798806.146956] JBD: Spotted dirty metadata buffer (dev = loop0, blocknr = 1). There's a risk of filesystem corruption in case of system crash. Sep 25 22:19:38 host kernel: [7798806.146967] JBD: Spotted dirty metadata buffer (dev = loop0, blocknr = 353). There's a risk of filesystem corruption in case of system crash. Sep 25 22:19:38 host kernel: [7798806.147121] JBD: Spotted dirty metadata buffer (dev = loop0, blocknr = 353). There's a risk of filesystem corruption in case of system crash. Sep 25 22:19:38 host kernel: [7798806.147133] JBD: Spotted dirty metadata buffer (dev = loop0, blocknr = 1). There's a risk of filesystem corruption in case of system crash. Sep 25 22:19:38 host kernel: [7798806.147143] JBD: Spotted dirty metadata buffer (dev = loop0, blocknr = 267). There's a risk of filesystem corruption in case of system crash. [7817859.850517] EXT4-fs error (device loop0): ext4_mb_generate_buddy: EXT4-fs: group 1: 28618 blocks in bitmap, 29028 in gd what does this mean? how did this happen?

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• Configuring Apache for multiple clients

  - by Chris_K

  Last week I had a question here about suexec / suphp but I tried to accomplish too much. I'm going to narrow the scope a bit and try again. I'd like to configure a LAMP server to host multiple clients. I'd like it to seem (from the client's viewpoint) just like any other shared hosting environment. Web sites in their home directory, no need to muck around with file ownerships to get pages served, etc. It would seem that a configuration that involves suexec and suphp is the way to go(?) I'm specifically looking for a current/modern guide on how to accomplish this (I'll be using CentOS if it matters) and I'm afraid I need more than a link to Apache docs. Are there any good How-To's out there? The few I've found have been pretty out of date, but it is quite possible my search was weak.

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• How do you set up Ubuntu to see Windows Network?

  - by Axeman

  I've tried the various tutorials and no success so far. I can connect to the router and from there to the internet, but I cannot see any network shares. I'm connecting through wlan0. I would prefer to keep the dynamic IP address if possible.

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• Use AssignUserId as variable in Apache MPM ITK

  - by Robert Hanson

  I heard that the MPM-ITK module for Apache can change Apache server's behaviour to access some folder / file using the UID or GID from the default UID (www-data) into a given UID on the configuration. For example: <IfModule mpm_itk_module> AssignUserId user group </IfModule> Is it possible to make the username and group a variable? I want to make Apache access the /home folder as its owner. For example /home/me can only be accessed by the user me, while /home/you can only be accessed you.

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• Bridging Network Devices with Multiple IPs

  - by Andy

  I have a small server with a single NIC that I am trying to get a bridge functioning on so that I can run KVM. On this NIC I have a couple IPs statically assigned to it: eth0 = 192.168.1.1 eth0:1 = 192.168.1.2 eth0:2 = 192.168.1.3 eth0:3 -> Assign the bridge to this I am attempting to set up a bridge using the following instructions: sudo brctl addbr br0 sudo brctl addif br0 eth0:3 sudo ifconfig br0 192.168.1.120 netmask 255.255.255.0 up sudo route add -net 192.168.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 br0 sudo route add default gw 192.168.1.1 br0 sudo tunctl -b -u root -t tap0 > /dev/null sudo ifconfig tap0 up sudo brctl addif br0 tap0 However, when I do the second command: sudo brctl addif br0 eth0:3 It puts the ENTIRE eth0 device into promiscuous mode. This knocks the server offline and inaccessible by anything other than locally. Is there a way to bridge JUST eth0:3 to br0 and not put the entire device into promiscuous mode?

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• Apache2 BufferedLogs On - anybody using it ?

  - by Qiqi

  Greetings, I am wondering, whether anybody is using BufferedLogs On with Apache2 and found any issues ? Feature is marked as experimental, but for many years now, so I guess it's rather pretty stable. I am running some servers with constrained disk IO capacity at the moment, so I turned it on hoping that even a small benefit could help in the long run ;-) I do have several to several hundreds requests per seconds so by my thoughts there is really no need to write to log after each request, cause honestly I don't think that my filesystem is the best handler for many unnecessary writes. (OCFS2 shared among several DomUs in the Xen)

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• Can TP-Link router make phone calls?

  - by Umair Ashraf

  I have a TP-Link router with DSL service provided by a local company which serves it over the landline phone. My landline cord is plugged into an ethernet router which is then plugged into TP-Link wireless router. I can access internet with this wireless router all over my home with all computers. Landline Cord [into] Ethernet Router [into] TP-Link Wireless Router [air] Computers I would add that landline cord is also into a phone device which I use to make calls and that's not cordless. Now I am accessing internet via WiFi on my laptop and want to ask if is this possible to make landline calls via this same computer I am surfing internet through? What I am asking it to a dial-up via TP-Link router that goes through landline. You see the landline cord is the actual data gateway and is also used to make calls. So it can simultaneously send Data and Voice over the same wire.

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• repair partition table

  - by m.sr

  Hallo. I've just overwritten my partition table of my system's hard disk. i made a cfdisk on the wrong device (/dev/sda instead of /dev/sdd), deleted all partitions, made one new primary spanning over the whole device, set its type to 07 (NTFS) and hit write. So here i am with my system running. Until i reboot, i hope/guess nothing will change - meaning: all my data is accessible (I'm currently making a dd-backup of the whole device and plan to make a .tar.gz-backup of the most important data later). I also backed up /proc/partitions, /proc/diskstats (even though i guess this is more about throughput and stuff like this ...) and /sys/block/sda/sda?/{start,size}. Some further things i know: 4 primary partitions 1st partition: ~100Mb, ext3, /boot 2nd partition: ~100Mb, "Win7 Boot Partition", ntfs(?) 3rd partition: ~20...30GB, Win7, ntfs 4th partition: ~20...30GB, luks-encrypted device The luks- de crypted device is a LVM-PV The /, /home & swap-partitions are all LVs on the (VG on the) above noted PV So my questions: What is the simplest way to just write the kernels partition table to the disk? What is the simplest way to take the above mentioned (and perhaps other I don't know of ...) data and generate the partition table? Are there any problems to take care of regarding to luks and/or lvm? Is there any data I should backup before rebooting (meanig stuff from kernel [ /sys/..., /proc/...] and so on, which could help me regenerate the partition table)? Thanks a lot! P.S.: debian sid, Kernel 2.6.34-1-amd64 from debian-experimental, 80GB Intel SSD

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• Upgraded from fc10 to fc12 now I have eth0_rename, how do I get back to plain old eth0?

  - by shank

  I upgraded from Fedora 10 to Fedora 12. Unfortunately, my ethernet interface eth0 is now named eth0_rename. I'd like to get back to having it named plain old eth0. I googled a bit but the solution of removing the eth0 entry from /etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules seems to have no effect (I restarted the network service but didn't reboot). The interface works just fine although I could see a script or two having a problem with the format. So, it's more of an inconvenience thing than anything else. Any ideas? Thanks.

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• How can I sign my server with an SSL certificate

  - by Saif Bechan

  I have a dedicated server and I want to use one domain name for default entrance to the system. My system is Apache 2 on CentOS 5.4. Lets says the domain name is mydomain.com. I have also bought an SSL certificate and installed it to work with this default domain. Still when I restart Apache I get the following error message: [Sat May 01 02:21:22 2010] [warn] RSA server certificate is a CA certificate (BasicConstraints: CA == TRUE !?) [Sat May 01 02:21:22 2010] [warn] RSA server certificate CommonName (CN) `mydomain.com' does NOT match server name!? Does anyone have an idea how I can remove this message. I have the server, domain name, and ssl key.

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• High Availability Configuration using Heartbeat and Pacemaker

  - by pradeepchhetri

  I have the following setup: I have configured high availability between two load balancers (HAProxy) so that if HAProxy1 get down, the floating IP gets transferred to the other load balancer HAProxy2, hence all the clients will get the response from HAProxy2, which at the back-end is doing LB among the sme two webserver. This is for removing the single point of failure in case of only one HAProxy. Whenever I stops the hearbeat in HAProxy1, the floating IP goes to HAProxy2. But I want to configure such that whenever the process haproxy goes down, the floating IP should get assigned to HAProxy2. Can someone tell me how to implement it ?

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• How can I invoke a function in bash shell script

  - by sufery

  !/bin/bash one_func(){ echo 'abcd' } echo $(one_func) echo one_func the end I just wonder the distinction calling the function between $(one_function) and one_function in bash shell script. When I set the variable "PS1" in ~/.bashrc, I can't invoke the function by one_func e: export PS1="\n[\e[31m]\$(one_func)" it work export PS1="\n[\e[31m]one_func" it doesn't work

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• How to recover broken MJPEG AVI file after a camera crash

  - by Jam K

  I was recording a video when my KODAK EASYSHARE M531 Digital Camera fell to the ground and turned off. When i turned it on nothing happened to the camera but the video file is somehow broken. Obviously the camera did not have time to convert and close it properly. $file myvid.avi myvid.AVI: data where it should be: another_vid.AVI: RIFF (little-endian) data, AVI, 640 x 480, ~30 fps, video: Motion JPEG, audio: uLaw (stereo, 12000 Hz)` I would like to fix my video which I believe needs to be converted to AVI. Any idea? VLC does not play the file and returns: could not determine type of stream

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• echo newline character not working in bash

  - by Bashuser

  I have bash script which has lots of echo statements and also I aliased echo to echo -e both in .bash_profile and .bashrc, so that new lines are printed properly for a statement like echo 'Hello\nWorld' the output should be Hello World but the output I am getting is Hello\nWorld I even tried using shopt -s expand_aliases in the script, it doesn't help I am running my script as bash /scripts/scriptnm.sh; if I run it as . /scripts/scriptnm.sh I am getting the desired output...

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• Passing PATH through sudo

  - by whitequark

  In short: how to make sudo not to flush PATH everytime? I have some websites deployed on my server (Debian testing) written with Ruby on Rails. I use Mongrel+Nginx to host them, but there is one problem that comes when I need to restart Mongrel (e.g. after making some changes). All sites are checked in VCS (git, but it is not important) and have owner and group set to my user, whereas Mongrel runs under the, huh, mongrel user that is severely restricted in it's rights. So Mongrel must be started under root (it can automatically change UID) or mongrel. To manage mongrel I use mongrel_cluster gem because it allows starting or stopping any amount of Mongrel servers with just one command. But it needs the directory /var/lib/gems/1.8/bin to be in PATH: this is not enough to start it with absolute path. Modifying PATH in root .bashrc changed nothing, tweaking sudo's env_reset and keepenv didn't either. So the question: how to add a directory to PATH or keep user's PATH in sudo?

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