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  • Does XNA 4 support 3D affine transformations for 2D images?

    - by Paul Baker Salt Shaker
    Looooong story short I'm essentially trying to code Mode 7 in XNA. Before I continue bashing my brains out in research and various failed matrix math equations; I just want to make sure that XNA supports this just out-of-the-box (so to speak). I'd prefer not to have to import other libraries, because I want to learn how it works myself that way I understand the whole thing better. However that's all for naught if it won't work at all. So no opengl, directx, etc if possible (will eventually do it just to optimize everything, but not for now). tl;dr: Can I has Mode 7 in XNA?

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  • ASSIMP in my program is much slower to import than ASSIMP view program

    - by Marco
    The problem is really simple: if I try to load with the function aiImportFileExWithProperties a big model in my software (around 200.000 vertices), it takes more than one minute. If I try to load the very same model with ASSIMP view, it takes 2 seconds. For this comparison, both my software and Assimp view are using the dll version of the library at 64 bit, compiled by myself (Assimp64.dll). This is the relevant piece of code in my software // default pp steps unsigned int ppsteps = aiProcess_CalcTangentSpace | // calculate tangents and bitangents if possible aiProcess_JoinIdenticalVertices | // join identical vertices/ optimize indexing aiProcess_ValidateDataStructure | // perform a full validation of the loader's output aiProcess_ImproveCacheLocality | // improve the cache locality of the output vertices aiProcess_RemoveRedundantMaterials | // remove redundant materials aiProcess_FindDegenerates | // remove degenerated polygons from the import aiProcess_FindInvalidData | // detect invalid model data, such as invalid normal vectors aiProcess_GenUVCoords | // convert spherical, cylindrical, box and planar mapping to proper UVs aiProcess_TransformUVCoords | // preprocess UV transformations (scaling, translation ...) aiProcess_FindInstances | // search for instanced meshes and remove them by references to one master aiProcess_LimitBoneWeights | // limit bone weights to 4 per vertex aiProcess_OptimizeMeshes | // join small meshes, if possible; aiProcess_SplitByBoneCount | // split meshes with too many bones. Necessary for our (limited) hardware skinning shader 0; cout << "Loading " << pFile << "... "; aiPropertyStore* props = aiCreatePropertyStore(); aiSetImportPropertyInteger(props,AI_CONFIG_IMPORT_TER_MAKE_UVS,1); aiSetImportPropertyFloat(props,AI_CONFIG_PP_GSN_MAX_SMOOTHING_ANGLE,80.f); aiSetImportPropertyInteger(props,AI_CONFIG_PP_SBP_REMOVE, aiPrimitiveType_LINE | aiPrimitiveType_POINT); aiSetImportPropertyInteger(props,AI_CONFIG_GLOB_MEASURE_TIME,1); //aiSetImportPropertyInteger(props,AI_CONFIG_PP_PTV_KEEP_HIERARCHY,1); // Call ASSIMPs C-API to load the file scene = (aiScene*)aiImportFileExWithProperties(pFile.c_str(), ppsteps | /* default pp steps */ aiProcess_GenSmoothNormals | // generate smooth normal vectors if not existing aiProcess_SplitLargeMeshes | // split large, unrenderable meshes into submeshes aiProcess_Triangulate | // triangulate polygons with more than 3 edges //aiProcess_ConvertToLeftHanded | // convert everything to D3D left handed space aiProcess_SortByPType | // make 'clean' meshes which consist of a single typ of primitives 0, NULL, props); aiReleasePropertyStore(props); if(!scene){ cout << aiGetErrorString() << endl; return 0; } this is the relevant piece of code in assimp view code // default pp steps unsigned int ppsteps = aiProcess_CalcTangentSpace | // calculate tangents and bitangents if possible aiProcess_JoinIdenticalVertices | // join identical vertices/ optimize indexing aiProcess_ValidateDataStructure | // perform a full validation of the loader's output aiProcess_ImproveCacheLocality | // improve the cache locality of the output vertices aiProcess_RemoveRedundantMaterials | // remove redundant materials aiProcess_FindDegenerates | // remove degenerated polygons from the import aiProcess_FindInvalidData | // detect invalid model data, such as invalid normal vectors aiProcess_GenUVCoords | // convert spherical, cylindrical, box and planar mapping to proper UVs aiProcess_TransformUVCoords | // preprocess UV transformations (scaling, translation ...) aiProcess_FindInstances | // search for instanced meshes and remove them by references to one master aiProcess_LimitBoneWeights | // limit bone weights to 4 per vertex aiProcess_OptimizeMeshes | // join small meshes, if possible; aiProcess_SplitByBoneCount | // split meshes with too many bones. Necessary for our (limited) hardware skinning shader 0; aiPropertyStore* props = aiCreatePropertyStore(); aiSetImportPropertyInteger(props,AI_CONFIG_IMPORT_TER_MAKE_UVS,1); aiSetImportPropertyFloat(props,AI_CONFIG_PP_GSN_MAX_SMOOTHING_ANGLE,g_smoothAngle); aiSetImportPropertyInteger(props,AI_CONFIG_PP_SBP_REMOVE,nopointslines ? aiPrimitiveType_LINE | aiPrimitiveType_POINT : 0 ); aiSetImportPropertyInteger(props,AI_CONFIG_GLOB_MEASURE_TIME,1); //aiSetImportPropertyInteger(props,AI_CONFIG_PP_PTV_KEEP_HIERARCHY,1); // Call ASSIMPs C-API to load the file g_pcAsset->pcScene = (aiScene*)aiImportFileExWithProperties(g_szFileName, ppsteps | /* configurable pp steps */ aiProcess_GenSmoothNormals | // generate smooth normal vectors if not existing aiProcess_SplitLargeMeshes | // split large, unrenderable meshes into submeshes aiProcess_Triangulate | // triangulate polygons with more than 3 edges aiProcess_ConvertToLeftHanded | // convert everything to D3D left handed space aiProcess_SortByPType | // make 'clean' meshes which consist of a single typ of primitives 0, NULL, props); aiReleasePropertyStore(props); As you can see the code is nearly identical because I copied from assimp view. What could be the reason for such a difference in performance? The two software are using the same dll Assimp64.dll (compiled in my computer with vc++ 2010 express) and the same function aiImportFileExWithProperties to load the model, so I assume that the actual code employed is the same. How is it possible that the function aiImportFileExWithProperties is 100 times slower when called by my sotware than when called by assimp view? What am I missing? I am not good with dll, dynamic and static libraries so I might be missing something obvious. ------------------------------ UPDATE I found out the reason why the code is going slower. Basically I was running my software with "Start debugging" in VC++ 2010 Express. If I run the code outside VC++ 2010 I get same performance of assimp view. However now I have a new question. Why does the dll perform slower in VC++ debugging? I compiled it in release mode without debugging information. Is there any way to have the dll go fast in debugmode i.e. not debugging the dll? Because I am interested in debugging only my own code, not the dll that I assume is already working fine. I do not want to wait 2 minutes every time I want to load my software to debug. Does this request make sense?

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  • Role of systems in entity systems architecture

    - by bio595
    I've been reading a lot about entity components and systems and have thought that the idea of an entity just being an ID is quite interesting. However I don't know how this completely works with the components aspect or the systems aspect. A component is just a data object managed by some relevant system. A collision system uses some BoundsComponent together with a spatial data structure to determine if collisions have happened. All good so far, but what if multiple systems need access to the same component? Where should the data live? An input system could modify an entities BoundsComponent, but the physics system(s) need access to the same component as does some rendering system. Also, how are entities constructed? One of the advantages I've read so much about is flexibility in entity construction. Are systems intrinsically tied to a component? If I want to introduce some new component, do I also have to introduce a new system or modify an existing one? Another thing that I've read often is that the 'type' of an entity is inferred by what components it has. If my entity is just an id how can I know that my robot entity needs to be moved or rendered and thus modified by some system? Sorry for the long post (or at least it seems so from my phone screen)!

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  • Issue with multiplayer interpolation

    - by Ben Cracknell
    In a fast-paced multiplayer game I'm working on, there is an issue with the interpolation algorithm. You can see it clearly in the image below. Cyan: Local position when a packet is received Red: Position received from packet (goal) Blue: Line from local position to goal when packet is received Black: Local position every frame As you can see, the local position seems to oscillate around the goals instead of moving between them smoothly. Here is the code: // local transform position when the last packet arrived. Will lerp from here to the goal private Vector3 positionAtLastPacket; // location received from last packet private Vector3 goal; // time since the last packet arrived private float currentTime; // estimated time to reach goal (also the expected time of the next packet) private float timeToReachGoal; private void PacketReceived(Vector3 position, float timeBetweenPackets) { positionAtLastPacket = transform.position; goal = position; timeToReachGoal = timeBetweenPackets; currentTime = 0; Debug.DrawRay(transform.position, Vector3.up, Color.cyan, 5); // current local position Debug.DrawLine(transform.position, goal, Color.blue, 5); // path to goal Debug.DrawRay(goal, Vector3.up, Color.red, 5); // received goal position } private void FrameUpdate() { currentTime += Time.deltaTime; float delta = currentTime/timeToReachGoal; transform.position = FreeLerp(positionAtLastPacket, goal, currentTime / timeToReachGoal); // current local position Debug.DrawRay(transform.position, Vector3.up * 0.5f, Color.black, 5); } /// <summary> /// Lerp without being locked to 0-1 /// </summary> Vector3 FreeLerp(Vector3 from, Vector3 to, float t) { return from + (to - from) * t; } Any idea about what's going on?

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  • Using textureGrad for anisotropic integration approximation

    - by Amxx
    I'm trying to develop a real time rendering method using real time acquired envmap (cubemap) for lightning. This implies that my envmap can change as often as every frame and I therefore cannot use any method base on precomputation of the envmap (such as convolution with BRDF...) So far my method worked well with Phong BRDF. For specular contribution I direclty read the value in my sampleCube and I use mipmap levels + linear filter for simulating the roughtness of the material considered: int size = textureSize(envmap, 0).x; float specular_level = log2(size * sqrt(3.0)) - 0.5 * log2(ns + 1); vec3 env_specular = ks * specular_color * textureLod(envmap, l_g, specular_level); From this method I would like to upgrade to a microfacet based BRDF. I already have algorithm for evaluating the shape (including anisotropic direction) of the reflection but I cannot manage to read the values I want in my sampleCube. I believe I have to use textureGrad(envmap, l_g, X, Y); with l_g being the reflection direction in global space but I cannot manage to find which values to give to X and Y in order to correctly specify the area I want to consider. What value should I give to X and Y in orther for textureGrad(envmap, l_g, X, Y); to give the same result as textureLod(envmap, l_g, specular_level);

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  • What to think about when designing a simple GUI for a quiz game

    - by PeterK
    I am coming close to finish my first iPhone game ever, as a matter of fact also my first programming experience ever, which is a quiz game. I have all the functionality i want and is currently polishing it both from a code point of view as well as looking at the GUI. My initial idea was not to use any specific graphics but rather focus on the game experience and simplicity and by that only using background color, orange, and white text as well as buttons. The design is based on that all ages, from learning to read, should be able to host and play this game. However, as i am now getting close to the finish line i am starting to think what is needed from a GUI point of view. I would like to ask for some advice what to think about when designing a GUI. Is it considered OK without any 'fancy' graphics, what is the risk without it etc.? Also, what colors goes well together if i choose to use a simple GUI. I am thinking about color blindness etc. In other words how do i design a good and effective GUI for a simple game as mine? Thanks

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  • OpenGL - have object follow mouse

    - by kevin james
    I want to have an object follow around my mouse on the screen in OpenGL. (I am also using GLEW, GLFW, and GLM). The best idea I've come up with is: Get the coordinates within the window with glfwGetCursorPos. The window was created with window = glfwCreateWindow( 1024, 768, "Test", NULL, NULL); and the code to get coordinates is double xpos, ypos; glfwGetCursorPos(window, &xpos, &ypos); Next, I use GLM unproject, to get the coordinates in "object space" glm::vec4 viewport = glm::vec4(0.0f, 0.0f, 1024.0f, 768.0f); glm::vec3 pos = glm::vec3(xpos, ypos, 0.0f); glm::vec3 un = glm::unProject(pos, View*Model, Projection, viewport); There are two potential problems I can already see. The viewport is fine, as the initial x,y, coordinates of the lower left are indeed 0,0, and it's indeed a 1024*768 window. However, the position vector I create doesn't seem right. The Z coordinate should probably not be zero. However, glfwGetCursorPos returns 2D coordinates, and I don't know how to go from there to the 3D window coordinates, especially since I am not sure what the 3rd dimension of the window coordinates even means (since computer screens are 2D). Then, I am not sure if I am using unproject correctly. Assume the View, Model, Projection matrices are all OK. If I passed in the correct position vector in Window coordinates, does the unproject call give me the coordinates in Object coordinates? I think it does, but the documentation is not clear. Finally, to each vertex of the object I want to follow the mouse around, I just increment the x coordinate by un[0], the y coordinate by -un[1], and the z coordinate by un[2]. However, since my position vector that is being unprojected is likely wrong, this is not giving good results; the object does move as my mouse moves, but it is offset quite a bit (i.e. moving the mouse a lot doesn't move the object that much, and the z coordinate is very large). I actually found that the z coordinate un[2] is always the same value no matter where my mouse is, probably because the position vector I pass into unproject always has a value of 0.0 for z. Edit: The (incorrectly) unprojected x-values range from about -0.552 to 0.552, and the y-values from about -0.411 to 0.411.

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  • Is there any difference between storing textures and baked lighting for environment meshes?

    - by Ben Hymers
    I assume that when texturing environments, one or several textures will be used, and the UVs of the environment geometry will likely overlap on these textures, so that e.g. a tiling brick texture can be used by many parts of the environment, rather than UV unwrapping the entire thing, and having several areas of the texture be identical. If my assumption is wrong, please let me know! Now, when thinking about baking lighting, clearly this can't be done the same way - lighting in general will be unique to every face so the environment must be UV unwrapped without overlap, and lighting must be baked onto unique areas of one or several textures, to give each surface its own texture space to store its lighting. My questions are: Have I got this wrong? If so, how? Isn't baking lighting going to use a lot of texture space? Will the geometry need two UV sets, one used for the colour/normal texture and one for the lighting texture? Anything else you'd like to add? :)

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  • MeshBuilder, assembly missing

    - by BlackBear
    I'm trying to build a terrain starting from a heightmap. I've already some ideas about the procedure, but I can't even get started. I feel like I have to use a MeshBuider. The problem is that Visual Studio (I'm using the 2008 version) wants an assembly. Effectively on the MSDN there's a line specifying the assembly needed by the MeshBuilder, but I don't know how to import/load it. Any suggestions? Thanks in advance :)

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  • Game Over function is not working Starling

    - by aNgeLyN omar
    I've been following a tutorial over the web but it somehow did not show something about creating a game over function. I am new to the Starling framework and Actionscript so I'm kind of still trying to find a way to make it work. Here's the complete snippet of the code. package screens { import flash.geom.Rectangle; import flash.utils.getTimer; import events.NavigationEvent; import objects.GameBackground; import objects.Hero; import objects.Item; import objects.Obstacle; import starling.display.Button; import starling.display.Image; import starling.display.Sprite; import starling.events.Event; import starling.events.Touch; import starling.events.TouchEvent; import starling.text.TextField; import starling.utils.deg2rad; public class InGame extends Sprite { private var screenInGame:InGame; private var screenWelcome:Welcome; private var startButton:Button; private var playAgain:Button; private var bg:GameBackground; private var hero:Hero; private var timePrevious:Number; private var timeCurrent:Number; private var elapsed:Number; private var gameState:String; private var playerSpeed:Number = 0; private var hitObstacle:Number = 0; private const MIN_SPEED:Number = 650; private var scoreDistance:int; private var obstacleGapCount:int; private var gameArea:Rectangle; private var touch:Touch; private var touchX:Number; private var touchY:Number; private var obstaclesToAnimate:Vector.<Obstacle>; private var itemsToAnimate:Vector.<Item>; private var scoreText:TextField; private var remainingLives:TextField; private var gameOverText:TextField; private var iconSmall:Image; static private var lives:Number = 2; public function InGame() { super(); this.addEventListener(starling.events.Event.ADDED_TO_STAGE, onAddedToStage); } private function onAddedToStage(event:Event):void { this.removeEventListener(Event.ADDED_TO_STAGE, onAddedToStage); drawGame(); scoreText = new TextField(300, 100, "Score: 0", "MyFontName", 35, 0xD9D919, true); remainingLives = new TextField(600, 100, "Lives: " + lives +" X ", "MyFontName", 35, 0xD9D919, true); iconSmall = new Image(Assets.getAtlas().getTexture("darnahead1")); iconSmall.x = 360; iconSmall.y = 40; this.addChild(iconSmall); this.addChild(scoreText); this.addChild(remainingLives); } private function drawGame():void { bg = new GameBackground(); this.addChild(bg); hero = new Hero(); hero.x = stage.stageHeight / 2; hero.y = stage.stageWidth / 2; this.addChild(hero); startButton = new Button(Assets.getAtlas().getTexture("startButton")); startButton.x = stage.stageWidth * 0.5 - startButton.width * 0.5; startButton.y = stage.stageHeight * 0.5 - startButton.height * 0.5; this.addChild(startButton); gameArea = new Rectangle(0, 100, stage.stageWidth, stage.stageHeight - 250); } public function disposeTemporarily():void { this.visible = false; } public function initialize():void { this.visible = true; this.addEventListener(Event.ENTER_FRAME, checkElapsed); hero.x = -stage.stageWidth; hero.y = stage.stageHeight * 0.5; gameState ="idle"; playerSpeed = 0; hitObstacle = 0; bg.speed = 0; scoreDistance = 0; obstacleGapCount = 0; obstaclesToAnimate = new Vector.<Obstacle>(); itemsToAnimate = new Vector.<Item>(); startButton.addEventListener(Event.TRIGGERED, onStartButtonClick); //var mainStage:InGame =InGame.current.nativeStage; //mainStage.dispatchEvent(new Event(Event.COMPLETE)); //playAgain.addEventListener(Event.TRIGGERED, onRetry); } private function onStartButtonClick(event:Event):void { startButton.visible = false; startButton.removeEventListener(Event.TRIGGERED, onStartButtonClick); launchHero(); } private function launchHero():void { this.addEventListener(TouchEvent.TOUCH, onTouch); this.addEventListener(Event.ENTER_FRAME, onGameTick); } private function onTouch(event:TouchEvent):void { touch = event.getTouch(stage); touchX = touch.globalX; touchY = touch.globalY; } private function onGameTick(event:Event):void { switch(gameState) { case "idle": if(hero.x < stage.stageWidth * 0.5 * 0.5) { hero.x += ((stage.stageWidth * 0.5 * 0.5 + 10) - hero.x) * 0.05; hero.y = stage.stageHeight * 0.5; playerSpeed += (MIN_SPEED - playerSpeed) * 0.05; bg.speed = playerSpeed * elapsed; } else { gameState = "flying"; } break; case "flying": if(hitObstacle <= 0) { hero.y -= (hero.y - touchY) * 0.1; if(-(hero.y - touchY) < 150 && -(hero.y - touchY) > -150) { hero.rotation = deg2rad(-(hero.y - touchY) * 0.2); } if(hero.y > gameArea.bottom - hero.height * 0.5) { hero.y = gameArea.bottom - hero.height * 0.5; hero.rotation = deg2rad(0); } if(hero.y < gameArea.top + hero.height * 0.5) { hero.y = gameArea.top + hero.height * 0.5; hero.rotation = deg2rad(0); } } else { hitObstacle-- cameraShake(); } playerSpeed -= (playerSpeed - MIN_SPEED) * 0.01; bg.speed = playerSpeed * elapsed; scoreDistance += (playerSpeed * elapsed) * 0.1; scoreText.text = "Score: " + scoreDistance; initObstacle(); animateObstacles(); createEggItems(); animateItems(); remainingLives.text = "Lives: "+lives + " X "; if(lives == 0) { gameState = "over"; } break; case "over": gameOver(); break; } } private function gameOver():void { gameOverText = new TextField(800, 400, "Hero WAS KILLED!!!", "MyFontName", 50, 0xD9D919, true); scoreText = new TextField(800, 600, "Score: "+scoreDistance, "MyFontName", 30, 0xFFFFFF, true); this.addChild(scoreText); this.addChild(gameOverText); playAgain = new Button(Assets.getAtlas().getTexture("button_tryAgain")); playAgain.x = stage.stageWidth * 0.5 - startButton.width * 0.5; playAgain.y = stage.stageHeight * 0.75 - startButton.height * 0.75; this.addChild(playAgain); playAgain.addEventListener(Event.TRIGGERED, onRetry); } private function onRetry(event:Event):void { playAgain.visible = false; gameOverText.visible = false; scoreText.visible = false; var btnClicked:Button = event.target as Button; if((btnClicked as Button) == playAgain) { this.dispatchEvent(new NavigationEvent(NavigationEvent.CHANGE_SCREEN, {id: "playnow"}, true)); } disposeTemporarily(); } private function animateItems():void { var itemToTrack:Item; for(var i:uint = 0; i < itemsToAnimate.length; i++) { itemToTrack = itemsToAnimate[i]; itemToTrack.x -= playerSpeed * elapsed; if(itemToTrack.bounds.intersects(hero.bounds)) { itemsToAnimate.splice(i, 1); this.removeChild(itemToTrack); } if(itemToTrack.x < -50) { itemsToAnimate.splice(i, 1); this.removeChild(itemToTrack); } } } private function createEggItems():void { if(Math.random() > 0.95){ var itemToTrack:Item = new Item(Math.ceil(Math.random() * 10)); itemToTrack.x = stage.stageWidth + 50; itemToTrack.y = int(Math.random() * (gameArea.bottom - gameArea.top)) + gameArea.top; this.addChild(itemToTrack); itemsToAnimate.push(itemToTrack); } } private function cameraShake():void { if(hitObstacle > 0) { this.x = Math.random() * hitObstacle; this.y = Math.random() * hitObstacle; } else if(x != 0) { this.x = 0; this.y = 0; lives--; } } private function initObstacle():void { if(obstacleGapCount < 1200) { obstacleGapCount += playerSpeed * elapsed; } else if(obstacleGapCount !=0) { obstacleGapCount = 0; createObstacle(Math.ceil(Math.random() * 5), Math.random() * 1000 + 1000); } } private function animateObstacles():void { var obstacleToTrack:Obstacle; for(var i:uint = 0; i<obstaclesToAnimate.length; i++) { obstacleToTrack = obstaclesToAnimate[i]; if(obstacleToTrack.alreadyHit == false && obstacleToTrack.bounds.intersects(hero.bounds)) { obstacleToTrack.alreadyHit = true; obstacleToTrack.rotation = deg2rad(70); hitObstacle = 30; playerSpeed *= 0.5; } if(obstacleToTrack.distance > 0) { obstacleToTrack.distance -= playerSpeed * elapsed; } else { if(obstacleToTrack.watchOut) { obstacleToTrack.watchOut = false; } obstacleToTrack.x -= (playerSpeed + obstacleToTrack.speed) * elapsed; } if(obstacleToTrack.x < -obstacleToTrack.width || gameState == "over") { obstaclesToAnimate.splice(i, 1); this.removeChild(obstacleToTrack); } } } private function checkElapsed(event:Event):void { timePrevious = timeCurrent; timeCurrent = getTimer(); elapsed = (timeCurrent - timePrevious) * 0.001; } private function createObstacle(type:Number, distance:Number):void{ var obstacle:Obstacle = new Obstacle(type, distance, true, 300); obstacle.x = stage.stageWidth; this.addChild(obstacle); if(type >= 4) { if(Math.random() > 0.5) { obstacle.y = gameArea.top; obstacle.position = "top" } else { obstacle.y = gameArea.bottom - obstacle.height; obstacle.position = "bottom"; } } else { obstacle.y = int(Math.random() * (gameArea.bottom - obstacle.height - gameArea.top)) + gameArea.top; obstacle.position = "middle"; } obstaclesToAnimate.push(obstacle); } } }

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  • How to manage a multiplayer asynchronous environment in a game

    - by Phil
    I'm working on a game where players can setup villages, which can contain defending units. Any of these units (each on their own tiles) can be set to "campaign" which means they are no longer defending but can now be used to attack other villages. And each unit on a tile can have up to a 100 health. So far so good. Oh and it's all asynchronous so even though the server will be aware that your village is being attacked, you won't be until the attack is over. The issue I'm struggling with, is the following situation. Let's say a unit on a tile is being attacked by a player from another village. The other player see's your village and is attacking your units. You don't know this is happening though, so you set your unit to campaign and off you go to attack another village, with the unit which itself is actually being attacked by this other player. The other player stops attacking your village and leaves your unit with say a health of 1, which is then saved to the server. You however have this same unit are attacking another village with it, but now you discover that even though it started off with a 100 health, now mysteriously it only has 1... Solutions? Ideas? Edit The simplest solutions are often the best. I referred to Clash of clans below, well after a bit more digging it seems that in CoC you can only attack players that are offline! ha, that almost solves the problem. I say almost because there's still the situation where a players village could be in the process of being attacked when they come back online, still need to address that. Edit 2 A solution to the "What happens when a player is attacking your village and you come online" issue, could be the attacking player just get's kicked out of the village at that point and just get's whatever they had won up to that point, it's a bit of a fudge but it might work.

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  • How are events in games handled?

    - by Alex
    In may games that I have played, I have seen events being triggered, such as when you walk into a certain land area while holding a specific object, it will trigger a special creature to spawn. I was wondering, how do games deal with events such as this? Not in a specific game, but in general among games. The first thought I had was that each place has a hard-coded set of events that it will call when something happens there. However, that would be too inefficient to maintain, as when something new is added, that would require modification of every part of the game that would potentially cause the event to be called. Next up, I had the idea of maybe how GUI programming works. In all of the GUI programming I've done, you create a component and a callback function, or a listener. Then, when the user interacts when the button, the callback function is called, allowing you to do something with it. So, I was thinking that in terms of a game, when a land area gets loaded the game loops over a list of all events, creating instances of them and calling public methods to bind them to the current scene. The events themselves then handle what scene it is, and if it is a scene that pertains to the event, will call the public method of the scene to bind the event to an action. Then, when the action takes place, the scene would call all events that are bound to that action. However, I'm sure that's not how games would operate either, as that would require a lot of creating of events all the time. So how to video games handle events, are either of those methods correct, or is it something completely different?

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  • Computing pixel's screen position in a vertex shader: right or wrong?

    - by cubrman
    I am building a deferred rendering engine and I have a question. The article I took the sample code from suggested computing screen position of the pixel as follows: VertexShaderFunction() { ... output.Position = mul(worldViewProj, input.Position); output.ScreenPosition = output.Position; } PixelShaderFunction() { input.ScreenPosition.xy /= input.ScreenPosition.w; float2 TexCoord = 0.5f * (float2(input.ScreenPosition.x,-input.ScreenPosition.y) + 1); ... } The question is what if I compute the position in the vertex shader (which should optimize the performance as VSF is launched significantly less number of times than PSF) would I get the per-vertex lighting insted. Here is how I want to do this: VertexShaderFunction() { ... output.Position = mul(worldViewProj, input.Position); output.ScreenPosition.xy = output.Position / output.Position.w; } PixelShaderFunction() { float2 TexCoord = 0.5f * (float2(input.ScreenPosition.x,-input.ScreenPosition.y) + 1); ... } What exactly happens with the data I pass from VS to PS? How exactly is it interpolated? Will it give me the right per-pixel result in this case? I tried launching the game both ways and saw no visual difference. Is my assumption right? Thanks. P.S. I am optimizing the point light shader, so I actually pass a sphere geometry into the VS.

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  • Do I need to store a generic rotation point/radius for rotating around a point other than the origin for object transforms?

    - by Casey
    I'm having trouble implementing a non-origin point rotation. I have a class Transform that stores each component separately in three 3D vectors for position, scale, and rotation. This is fine for local rotations based on the center of the object. The issue is how do I determine/concatenate non-origin rotations in addition to origin rotations. Normally this would be achieved as a Transform-Rotate-Transform for the center rotation followed by a Transform-Rotate-Transform for the non-origin point. The problem is because I am storing the individual components, the final Transform matrix is not calculated until needed by using the individual components to fill an appropriate Matrix. (See GetLocalTransform()) Do I need to store an additional rotation (and radius) for world rotations as well or is there a method of implementation that works while only using the single rotation value? Transform.h #ifndef A2DE_CTRANSFORM_H #define A2DE_CTRANSFORM_H #include "../a2de_vals.h" #include "CMatrix4x4.h" #include "CVector3D.h" #include <vector> A2DE_BEGIN class Transform { public: Transform(); Transform(Transform* parent); Transform(const Transform& other); Transform& operator=(const Transform& rhs); virtual ~Transform(); void SetParent(Transform* parent); void AddChild(Transform* child); void RemoveChild(Transform* child); Transform* FirstChild(); Transform* LastChild(); Transform* NextChild(); Transform* PreviousChild(); Transform* GetChild(std::size_t index); std::size_t GetChildCount() const; std::size_t GetChildCount(); void SetPosition(const a2de::Vector3D& position); const a2de::Vector3D& GetPosition() const; a2de::Vector3D& GetPosition(); void SetRotation(const a2de::Vector3D& rotation); const a2de::Vector3D& GetRotation() const; a2de::Vector3D& GetRotation(); void SetScale(const a2de::Vector3D& scale); const a2de::Vector3D& GetScale() const; a2de::Vector3D& GetScale(); a2de::Matrix4x4 GetLocalTransform() const; a2de::Matrix4x4 GetLocalTransform(); protected: private: a2de::Vector3D _position; a2de::Vector3D _scale; a2de::Vector3D _rotation; std::size_t _curChildIndex; Transform* _parent; std::vector<Transform*> _children; }; A2DE_END #endif Transform.cpp #include "CTransform.h" #include "CVector2D.h" #include "CVector4D.h" A2DE_BEGIN Transform::Transform() : _position(), _scale(1.0, 1.0), _rotation(), _curChildIndex(0), _parent(nullptr), _children() { /* DO NOTHING */ } Transform::Transform(Transform* parent) : _position(), _scale(1.0, 1.0), _rotation(), _curChildIndex(0), _parent(parent), _children() { /* DO NOTHING */ } Transform::Transform(const Transform& other) : _position(other._position), _scale(other._scale), _rotation(other._rotation), _curChildIndex(0), _parent(other._parent), _children(other._children) { /* DO NOTHING */ } Transform& Transform::operator=(const Transform& rhs) { if(this == &rhs) return *this; this->_position = rhs._position; this->_scale = rhs._scale; this->_rotation = rhs._rotation; this->_curChildIndex = 0; this->_parent = rhs._parent; this->_children = rhs._children; return *this; } Transform::~Transform() { _children.clear(); _parent = nullptr; } void Transform::SetParent(Transform* parent) { _parent = parent; } void Transform::AddChild(Transform* child) { if(child == nullptr) return; _children.push_back(child); } void Transform::RemoveChild(Transform* child) { if(_children.empty()) return; _children.erase(std::remove(_children.begin(), _children.end(), child), _children.end()); } Transform* Transform::FirstChild() { if(_children.empty()) return nullptr; return *(_children.begin()); } Transform* Transform::LastChild() { if(_children.empty()) return nullptr; return *(_children.end()); } Transform* Transform::NextChild() { if(_children.empty()) return nullptr; std::size_t s(_children.size()); if(_curChildIndex >= s) { _curChildIndex = s; return nullptr; } return _children[_curChildIndex++]; } Transform* Transform::PreviousChild() { if(_children.empty()) return nullptr; if(_curChildIndex == 0) { return nullptr; } return _children[_curChildIndex--]; } Transform* Transform::GetChild(std::size_t index) { if(_children.empty()) return nullptr; if(index > _children.size()) return nullptr; return _children[index]; } std::size_t Transform::GetChildCount() const { if(_children.empty()) return 0; return _children.size(); } std::size_t Transform::GetChildCount() { return static_cast<const Transform&>(*this).GetChildCount(); } void Transform::SetPosition(const a2de::Vector3D& position) { _position = position; } const a2de::Vector3D& Transform::GetPosition() const { return _position; } a2de::Vector3D& Transform::GetPosition() { return const_cast<a2de::Vector3D&>(static_cast<const Transform&>(*this).GetPosition()); } void Transform::SetRotation(const a2de::Vector3D& rotation) { _rotation = rotation; } const a2de::Vector3D& Transform::GetRotation() const { return _rotation; } a2de::Vector3D& Transform::GetRotation() { return const_cast<a2de::Vector3D&>(static_cast<const Transform&>(*this).GetRotation()); } void Transform::SetScale(const a2de::Vector3D& scale) { _scale = scale; } const a2de::Vector3D& Transform::GetScale() const { return _scale; } a2de::Vector3D& Transform::GetScale() { return const_cast<a2de::Vector3D&>(static_cast<const Transform&>(*this).GetScale()); } a2de::Matrix4x4 Transform::GetLocalTransform() const { Matrix4x4 p((_parent ? _parent->GetLocalTransform() : a2de::Matrix4x4::GetIdentity())); Matrix4x4 t(a2de::Matrix4x4::GetTranslationMatrix(_position)); Matrix4x4 r(a2de::Matrix4x4::GetRotationMatrix(_rotation)); Matrix4x4 s(a2de::Matrix4x4::GetScaleMatrix(_scale)); return (p * t * r * s); } a2de::Matrix4x4 Transform::GetLocalTransform() { return static_cast<const Transform&>(*this).GetLocalTransform(); } A2DE_END

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  • Saving game data to server [on hold]

    - by Eugene Lim
    What's the best method to save the player's data to the server? Method to store the game saves Which one of the following method should I use ? Using a database structure(e.g.. mySQL) to store the game data as blobs? Using the server hard disk to store the saved game data as binary data files? Method to send saved game data to server What method should I use ? socketIO web socket a web-based scripting language to receive the game data as binary? for example, a php script to handle binary data and save it to file Meta-data I read that some games store saved game meta-data in database structures. What kind of meta data is useful to store?

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  • Slick and Timers?

    - by user3491043
    I'm making a game where I need events to happen in a precise amount of time. Explanation : I want that event A happens at 12000ms, and event B happens every 10000ms. So "if"s should looks like this. //event A if(Ticks == 12000) //do things //even B if(Ticks % 10000 == 0) //do stuff But now how can I have this "Ticks" value ? I tried to declare an int and then increasing it in the update method, I tried 2 ways of increasing it : Ticks++; It doesn't works because the update method is not always called every microseconds. Ticks += delta; It's kinda good but the delta is not always equals to 1, so I can miss the precise values I need in the if statements So if you know how can I do events in a precise amount of time please tell me how can I do this

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  • Improving SpriteBatch performance for tiles

    - by Richard Rast
    I realize this is a variation on what has got to be a common question, but after reading several (good answers) I'm no closer to a solution here. So here's my situation: I'm making a 2D game which has (among some other things) a tiled world, and so, drawing this world implies drawing a jillion tiles each frame (depending on resolution: it's roughly a 64x32 tile with some transparency). Now I want the user to be able to maximize the game (or fullscreen mode, actually, as its a bit more efficient) and instead of scaling textures (bleagh) this will just allow lots and lots of tiles to be shown at once. Which is great! But it turns out this makes upward of 2000 tiles on the screen each time, and this is framerate-limiting (I've commented out enough other parts of the game to make sure this is the bottleneck). It gets worse if I use multiple source rectangles on the same texture (I use a tilesheet; I believe changing textures entirely makes things worse), or if you tint the tiles, or whatever. So, the general question is this: What are some general methods for improving the drawing of thousands of repetitive sprites? Answers pertaining to XNA's SpriteBatch would be helpful but I'm equally happy with general theory. Also, any tricks pertaining to this situation in particular (drawing a tiled world efficiently) are also welcome. I really do want to draw all of them, though, and I need the SpriteMode.BackToFront to be active, because

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  • Ledge grab and climb in Unity3D

    - by BallzOfSteel
    I just started on a new project. In this project one of the main gameplay mechanics is that you can grab a ledge on certain points in a level and hang on to it. Now my question, since I've been wrestling with this for quite a while now. How could I actually implement this? I have tried it with animations, but it's just really ugly since the player will snap to a certain point where the animation starts.

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  • help animating a player in Corona SDK

    - by andrew McCutchan
    Working on a game in the Corona SDK with Lua and I need help so the player animates on the line drawn. Right now he animates at the beggining and the end but not on the line. Here is the player code: function spawnPlayerObject(xPlayerSpawn,yPlayerSpawn,richTurn) --spawns Rich where we need him. -- riches sprite sheet and all his inital spirites. We need to adjust this so that animations 3-6 are the only ones that animate when moving horizontally local richPlayer = sprite.newSpriteSet(richSheet1,1,6) sprite.add(richPlayer, "rich", 1,6,500,1) rich = sprite.newSprite(richPlayer) rich.x = xPlayerSpawn rich.y = yPlayerSpawn rich:scale(_W*0.0009, _W*0.0009) -- scale is used to adjust the size of the object. richDir = richTurn rich.rotation = richDir rich:prepare("rich") rich:play() physics.addBody( rich, "static", { friction=1, radius = 15 } ) -- needs a better physics body for collision detection. end And here is the code for the line: function movePlayerOnLine(event) --for the original image replace all rich with player. if posCount ~= linePart then richDir = math.atan2(ractgangle_hit[posCount].y-rich.y,ractgangle_hit[posCount].x-rich.x)*180/math.pi playerSpeed = 5 rich.x = rich.x + math.cos(richDir*math.pi/180)*playerSpeed rich.y = rich.y + math.sin(richDir*math.pi/180)*playerSpeed if rich.x < ractgangle_hit[posCount].x+playerSpeed*10 and rich.x > ractgangle_hit[posCount].x-playerSpeed*10 then if rich.y < ractgangle_hit[posCount].y+playerSpeed*10 and rich.y > ractgangle_hit[posCount].y-playerSpeed*10 then posCount = posCount + 1 end end I don't think anything has changed recently but I have been getting an error when testing of "attempt to upvalue "rich" a nil value" on the second line, richDir = etc.

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  • Tower defence game poison tower in fieldrunners dynamics

    - by Syed Ali Haider Abidi
    I had made a 2d tower defence game in unity3d.done all the pathfinder tower upgrading cash stuff.now the dynamics. can one help me in making the dynamics of the paint tower..please remember as its a 2d game so i am working on spritesheets. This tower is more likely poison tower in fieldrunners.fow now i have only one image which follows the enemy but it remains the same but in fieldrunners its more realistic.it changes its direction when the enemies are on different angles.

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  • Converting to and from local and world 3D coordinate spaces?

    - by James Bedford
    Hey guys, I've been following a guide I found here (http://knol.google.com/k/matrices-for-3d-applications-view-transformation) on constructing a matrix that will allow me to 3D coordinates to an object's local coordinate space, and back again. I've tried to implement these two matrices using my object's look, side, up and location vectors and it seems to be working for the first three coordinates. I'm a little confused as to what I should expect for the w coordinate. Here are couple of examples from the print outs I've made of the matricies that are constructed. I'm passing a test vector of [9, 8, 14, 1] each time to see if I can convert both ways: Basic example: localize matrix: Matrix: 0.000000 -0.000000 1.000000 0.000000 0.000000 1.000000 0.000000 0.000000 1.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 5.237297 -45.530716 11.021271 1.000000 globalize matrix: Matrix: 0.000000 0.000000 1.000000 0.000000 -0.000000 1.000000 0.000000 0.000000 1.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 -11.021271 -45.530716 -5.237297 1.000000 test: Vector4f(9.000000, 8.000000, 14.000000, 1.000000) localTest: Vector4f(14.000000, 8.000000, 9.000000, -161.812256) worldTest: Vector4f(9.000000, 8.000000, 14.000000, -727.491455) More complicated example: localize matrix: Matrix: 0.052504 -0.000689 -0.998258 0.000000 0.052431 0.998260 0.002068 0.000000 0.997241 -0.052486 0.052486 0.000000 58.806095 2.979346 -39.396252 1.000000 globalize matrix: Matrix: 0.052504 0.052431 0.997241 0.000000 -0.000689 0.998260 -0.052486 0.000000 -0.998258 0.002068 0.052486 0.000000 -42.413120 5.975957 -56.419727 1.000000 test: Vector4f(9.000000, 8.000000, 14.000000, 1.000000) localTest: Vector4f(-13.508600, 8.486917, 9.290090, 2.542114) worldTest: Vector4f(9.000190, 7.993863, 13.990230, 102.057129) As you can see in the more complicated example, the coordinates after converting both ways loose some precision, but this isn't a problem. I'm just wondering how I should deal with the last (w) coordinate? Should I just set it to 1 after performing the matrix multiplication, or does it look like I've done something wrong? Thanks in advance for your help!

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  • Box2d - Attaching a fired arrow to a moving enemy

    - by Satchmo Brown
    I am firing an arrow from the player to moving enemies. When the arrow hits the enemy, I want it to attach exactly where it hit and cause the enemy (a square) to tumble to the ground. Excluding the logistics of the movement and the spin (it already works), I am stuck on the attaching of the two bodies. I tried to weld them together initially but when they fell, they rotated in opposite directions. I have figured that a revolute joint is probably what I am after. The problem is that I can't figure out a way to attach them right where they collide. Using code from iforce2d: b2RevoluteJointDef revoluteJointDef; revoluteJointDef.bodyA = m_body; revoluteJointDef.bodyB = m_e->m_body; revoluteJointDef.collideConnected = true; revoluteJointDef.localAnchorA.Set(0,0);//the top right corner of the box revoluteJointDef.localAnchorB.Set(0,0);//center of the circle b2RevoluteJoint m_joint = *(b2RevoluteJoint*)m_game->m_world->CreateJoint( &revoluteJointDef ); m_body->SetLinearVelocity(m_e->m_body->GetLinearVelocity()); This attaches them but in the center of both of their points. Does anyone know how I would go about getting the exact point of collision so I can link these? Is this even the right method of doing this? Update: I have the exact point of collision. But I still am not sure this is even the method I want to go about this. Really, I just want to attach body A to B and have body B unaffected in any way.

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  • Scaling and new coordinates based off screen resolution

    - by Atticus
    I'm trying to deal with different resolutions on Android devices. Say I have a sprite at X,Y and dimensions W,H. I understand how to properly scale the width and heigh dimensions depending on the screen size, but I am not sure how to properly reposition this sprite so that it exists in the same area that it should. If I simply resize the width and heigh and keep X,Y at the same coordinates, things don't scale well. How do I properly reposition? Multiply the coordinates by the scale as well?

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  • Slow Firefox Javascript Canvas Performance?

    - by jujumbura
    As a followup from a previous post, I have been trying to track down some slowdown I am having when drawing a scene using Javascript and the canvas element. I decided to narrow down my focus to a REALLY barebones animation that only clears the canvas and draws a single image, once per-frame. This of course runs silky smooth in Chrome, but it still stutters in Firefox. I added a simple FPS calculator, and indeed it appears that my page is typically getting an FPS in the 50's when running Firefox. This doesn't seem right to me, I must be doing something wrong here. Can anybody see anything I might be doing that is causing this drop in FPS? <!DOCTYPE HTML> <html> <head> </head> <body bgcolor=silver> <canvas id="myCanvas" width="600" height="400"></canvas> <img id="myHexagon" src="Images/Hexagon.png" style="display: none;"> <script> window.requestAnimFrame = (function(callback) { return window.requestAnimationFrame || window.webkitRequestAnimationFrame || window.mozRequestAnimationFrame || window.oRequestAnimationFrame || window.msRequestAnimationFrame || function(callback) { window.setTimeout(callback, 1000 / 60); }; })(); var animX = 0; var frameCounter = 0; var fps = 0; var time = new Date(); function animate() { var canvas = document.getElementById("myCanvas"); var context = canvas.getContext("2d"); context.clearRect(0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height); animX += 1; if (animX == canvas.width) { animX = 0; } var image = document.getElementById("myHexagon"); context.drawImage(image, animX, 128); context.lineWidth=1; context.fillStyle="#000000"; context.lineStyle="#ffffff"; context.font="18px sans-serif"; context.fillText("fps: " + fps, 20, 20); ++frameCounter; var currentTime = new Date(); var elapsedTimeMS = currentTime - time; if (elapsedTimeMS >= 1000) { fps = frameCounter; frameCounter = 0; time = currentTime; } // request new frame requestAnimFrame(function() { animate(); }); } window.onload = function() { animate(); }; </script> </body> </html>

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  • flicker when drawing 4 models for the first time

    - by Badescu Alexandru
    i have some models that i only draw at a certain moment in the game (after some seconds since the game has started). The problem is that in that first second when i start to draw the models, i see a flicker (in the sence that everything besides those models, dissapears, the background gets purple). The flicker only lasts for that frame, and then everything seems to run the way it should. UPDATE I see now that regardless of the moment i draw the models, the first frame has always the flickering aspect What could this be about? i'll share my draw method: int temp = 0; foreach (MeshObject meshObj in ShapeList) { foreach (BasicEffect effect in meshObj.mesh.Effects) { #region color elements int i = int.Parse(meshObj.mesh.Name.ElementAt(1) + ""); int j = int.Parse(meshObj.mesh.Name.ElementAt(2) + ""); int getShapeColor = shapeColorList.ElementAt(i * 4 + j); if (getShapeColor == (int)Constants.shapeColor.yellow) effect.DiffuseColor = yellow; else if (getShapeColor == (int)Constants.shapeColor.red) effect.DiffuseColor = red; else if (getShapeColor == (int)Constants.shapeColor.green) effect.DiffuseColor = green; else if (getShapeColor == (int)Constants.shapeColor.blue) effect.DiffuseColor = blue; #endregion #region lighting effect.LightingEnabled = true; effect.AmbientLightColor = new Vector3(0.25f, 0.25f, 0.25f); effect.DirectionalLight0.Enabled = true; effect.DirectionalLight0.Direction = new Vector3(-0.3f, -0.3f, -0.9f); effect.DirectionalLight0.SpecularColor = new Vector3(.7f, .7f, .7f); Vector3 v = Vector3.Normalize(new Vector3(-100, 0, -100)); effect.DirectionalLight1.Enabled = true; effect.DirectionalLight1.Direction = v; effect.DirectionalLight1.SpecularColor = new Vector3(0.6f, 0.6f, .6f); #endregion effect.Projection = camera.projectionMatrix; effect.View = camera.viewMatrix; if (meshObj.isSetInPlace == true) { effect.World = transforms[meshObj.mesh.ParentBone.Index] * gameobject.orientation; // draw in original cube-placed position meshObj.mesh.Draw(); } else { effect.World = meshObj.Orientation; // draw inSetInPlace position meshObj.mesh.Draw(); } } temp++; }

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