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  • Union,Except and Intersect operator in Linq

    - by Jalpesh P. Vadgama
    While developing a windows service using Linq-To-SQL i was in need of something that will intersect the two list and return a list with the result. After searching on net i have found three great use full operators in Linq Union,Except and Intersect. Here are explanation of each operator. Union Operator: Union operator will combine elements of both entity and return result as third new entities. Except Operator: Except operator will remove elements of first entities which elements are there in second entities and will return as third new entities. Intersect Operator: As name suggest it will return common elements of both entities and return result as new entities. Let’s take a simple console application as  a example where i have used two string array and applied the three operator one by one and print the result using Console.Writeline. Here is the code for that. C#, using GeSHi 1.0.8.6 using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text;     namespace ConsoleApplication1 {     class Program     {         static void Main(string[] args)         {             string[] a = { "a", "b", "c", "d" };             string[] b = { "d","e","f","g"};               var UnResult = a.Union(b);             Console.WriteLine("Union Result");               foreach (string s in UnResult)             {                 Console.WriteLine(s);                          }               var ExResult = a.Except(b);             Console.WriteLine("Except Result");             foreach (string s in ExResult)             {                 Console.WriteLine(s);             }               var InResult = a.Intersect(b);             Console.WriteLine("Intersect Result");             foreach (string s in InResult)             {                 Console.WriteLine(s);             }             Console.ReadLine();                        }          } }   Parsed in 0.022 seconds at 45.54 KB/s Here is the output of console application as Expected. Hope this will help you.. Technorati Tags: Linq,Except,InterSect,Union,C#

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  • Some mail details about Orange Mauritius

    Being an internet service provider is not easy after all for a lot of companies. Luckily, there are quite some good international operators in this world. For example Orange Mauritius aka Mauritius Telecom aka Wanadoo(?) aka MyT here in Mauritius. The local circumstances give them a quasi-monopol position on fixed lines for telephony and therefore cable-based DSL internet connectivity. So far, not bad but as usual... the details. Just for the records, I am only using the services of Orange for mobile but friends and customers are bound, eh stuck, with other services of Orange Mauritius. And usually, being the IT guy, they get in touch with me to complain about problems or to ask questions on either their ADSL / MyT connection, mail services or whatever. Most of those issues are user-related and easily to solve by tweaking the configuration of their computer a little bit but sometimes it's getting weird. Using Orange ADSL... somewhere else Now, let's imagine we are an Orange ADSL customer for ages and we are using their mail services with our very own mail address like "[email protected]". We configured our mail client like Thunderbird, Outlook Express, Outlook or Windows Mail as publicly described, and we are able to receive and send emails like a champion. No problems at all, the world is green. Did I mention that we have a laptop? Ok, let's take our movable piece of information technology and visit a friend here on the island. Not surprising, he is also customer of Orange, so we can read and answer emails. But Orange is not the online internet service provider and one day, we happen to hang out with someone that uses Emtel via WiMAX or UMTS.. And the fun starts... We can still receive and read emails from our Orange mail account and the IT world is still bright but try to send mails to someone outside the domain "@intnet.mu" or "@orange.mu". Your mail client will deny sending mail with SMTP message 5.1.0 "blah not allowed". First guess, there is problem with the mail client, maybe magically the configuration changed over-night. But no it is still working at home... So, there is for sure a problem with the guy's internet connection. At least, it is his fault not to have Orange internet services, so it can not work properly... The Orange Mail FAQ After some more frustation we finally checkout the Orange Mail FAQ to see whether this (obviously?) common problem has been described already. Sorry, but those FAQ entries are even more confusing as it is not really clear how to handle this scenario. Best of all is that most of the entries are still refering to use servers of the domain "intnet.mu". I mean Orange will disable those systems in favour of the domain "orange.mu" in the near future and does not amend their FAQs. Come on, guys! Ok, settings for POP3 are there. Hm, what about the secure version POP3S? No signs at all... Even changing your mail client to use password encryption with STARTTLS is not allowed at all. Use "bow.intnet.mu" for incoming mail... Ahhh, pretty obvious host name. I mean, at least something like pop.intnet.mu or pop3.intnet.mu would have been more accurate. Funny of all, the hostname "pop.orange.mu" is accessible to receive your mail account. Alright, checking SMTP options for authentication or other like POP-before-SMTP or whatever well-known and established mechanism to send emails are described. I guess that spotting a whale or shark in Mauritian waters would be easier. Trial and error on SMTP settings reveal that neither STARTTLS or any other connection / password encryption is available. Using SSL/TLS on SMTP only reveals that there is no service answering your request. Calling customer service So, we have to bite into the bitter apple and get in touch with Orange customer service and complain/explain them our case and ask for advice. After some hiccups, we finally manage to get hold of someone competent in mail services and we receive the golden spoon of mail configuration made by Orange Mauritius: SMTP hostname: smtpauth.intnet.mu And the world of IT is surprisingly green again. Customer satisfaction? Dear Orange Mauritius, what's the problem with this information? Are you scared of mail spammer? Why isn't there any case in your FAQs? Ok, talking about your FAQs - simply said: they are badly outdated! Configure your mail client to use server name based in the domain intnet.mu but specify your account username with orange.mu as domain part. Although, that there are servers available on the domain orange.mu after all. So, why don't you provide current information like this: POP3 server name: pop.orange.muSMTP server name: smtp.orange.muSMTP authenticated: smtpauth.orange.mu It's not difficult, is it? In my humble opinion not really and you would provide clean, consistent and up-to-date information for your customers. This would produce less frustation and so less traffic on your customer service lines. Which after all, would improve the total user experience and satisfaction level on both sides. Without knowing these facts. Now, imagine you would take your laptop abroad and have to use other internet service providers to be able to be online... Calling your customer service would be unnecessary expensive!

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  • ROracle support for TimesTen In-Memory Database

    - by Sam Drake
    Today's guest post comes from Jason Feldhaus, a Consulting Member of Technical Staff in the TimesTen Database organization at Oracle.  He shares with us a sample session using ROracle with the TimesTen In-Memory database.  Beginning in version 1.1-4, ROracle includes support for the Oracle Times Ten In-Memory Database, version 11.2.2. TimesTen is a relational database providing very fast and high throughput through its memory-centric architecture.  TimesTen is designed for low latency, high-volume data, and event and transaction management. A TimesTen database resides entirely in memory, so no disk I/O is required for transactions and query operations. TimesTen is used in applications requiring very fast and predictable response time, such as real-time financial services trading applications and large web applications. TimesTen can be used as the database of record or as a relational cache database to Oracle Database. ROracle provides an interface between R and the database, providing the rich functionality of the R statistical programming environment using the SQL query language. ROracle uses the OCI libraries to handle database connections, providing much better performance than standard ODBC.The latest ROracle enhancements include: Support for Oracle TimesTen In-Memory Database Support for Date-Time using R's POSIXct/POSIXlt data types RAW, BLOB and BFILE data type support Option to specify number of rows per fetch operation Option to prefetch LOB data Break support using Ctrl-C Statement caching support Times Ten 11.2.2 contains enhanced support for analytics workloads and complex queries: Analytic functions: AVG, SUM, COUNT, MAX, MIN, DENSE_RANK, RANK, ROW_NUMBER, FIRST_VALUE and LAST_VALUE Analytic clauses: OVER PARTITION BY and OVER ORDER BY Multidimensional grouping operators: Grouping clauses: GROUP BY CUBE, GROUP BY ROLLUP, GROUP BY GROUPING SETS Grouping functions: GROUP, GROUPING_ID, GROUP_ID WITH clause, which allows repeated references to a named subquery block Aggregate expressions over DISTINCT expressions General expressions that return a character string in the source or a pattern within the LIKE predicate Ability to order nulls first or last in a sort result (NULLS FIRST or NULLS LAST in the ORDER BY clause) Note: Some functionality is only available with Oracle Exalytics, refer to the TimesTen product licensing document for details. Connecting to TimesTen is easy with ROracle. Simply install and load the ROracle package and load the driver. > install.packages("ROracle") > library(ROracle) Loading required package: DBI > drv <- dbDriver("Oracle") Once the ROracle package is installed, create a database connection object and connect to a TimesTen direct driver DSN as the OS user. > conn <- dbConnect(drv, username ="", password="", dbname = "localhost/SampleDb_1122:timesten_direct") You have the option to report the server type - Oracle or TimesTen? > print (paste ("Server type =", dbGetInfo (conn)$serverType)) [1] "Server type = TimesTen IMDB" To create tables in the database using R data frame objects, use the function dbWriteTable. In the following example we write the built-in iris data frame to TimesTen. The iris data set is a small example data set containing 150 rows and 5 columns. We include it here not to highlight performance, but so users can easily run this example in their R session. > dbWriteTable (conn, "IRIS", iris, overwrite=TRUE, ora.number=FALSE) [1] TRUE Verify that the newly created IRIS table is available in the database. To list the available tables and table columns in the database, use dbListTables and dbListFields, respectively. > dbListTables (conn) [1] "IRIS" > dbListFields (conn, "IRIS") [1] "SEPAL.LENGTH" "SEPAL.WIDTH" "PETAL.LENGTH" "PETAL.WIDTH" "SPECIES" To retrieve a summary of the data from the database we need to save the results to a local object. The following call saves the results of the query as a local R object, iris.summary. The ROracle function dbGetQuery is used to execute an arbitrary SQL statement against the database. When connected to TimesTen, the SQL statement is processed completely within main memory for the fastest response time. > iris.summary <- dbGetQuery(conn, 'SELECT SPECIES, AVG ("SEPAL.LENGTH") AS AVG_SLENGTH, AVG ("SEPAL.WIDTH") AS AVG_SWIDTH, AVG ("PETAL.LENGTH") AS AVG_PLENGTH, AVG ("PETAL.WIDTH") AS AVG_PWIDTH FROM IRIS GROUP BY ROLLUP (SPECIES)') > iris.summary SPECIES AVG_SLENGTH AVG_SWIDTH AVG_PLENGTH AVG_PWIDTH 1 setosa 5.006000 3.428000 1.462 0.246000 2 versicolor 5.936000 2.770000 4.260 1.326000 3 virginica 6.588000 2.974000 5.552 2.026000 4 <NA> 5.843333 3.057333 3.758 1.199333 Finally, disconnect from the TimesTen Database. > dbCommit (conn) [1] TRUE > dbDisconnect (conn) [1] TRUE We encourage you download Oracle software for evaluation from the Oracle Technology Network. See these links for our software: Times Ten In-Memory Database,  ROracle.  As always, we welcome comments and questions on the TimesTen and  Oracle R technical forums.

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  • When is my View too smart?

    - by Kyle Burns
    In this posting, I will discuss the motivation behind keeping View code as thin as possible when using patterns such as MVC, MVVM, and MVP.  Once the motivation is identified, I will examine some ways to determine whether a View contains logic that belongs in another part of the application.  While the concepts that I will discuss are applicable to most any pattern which favors a thin View, any concrete examples that I present will center on ASP.NET MVC. Design patterns that include a Model, a View, and other components such as a Controller, ViewModel, or Presenter are not new to application development.  These patterns have, in fact, been around since the early days of building applications with graphical interfaces.  The reason that these patterns emerged is simple – the code running closest to the user tends to be littered with logic and library calls that center around implementation details of showing and manipulating user interface widgets and when this type of code is interspersed with application domain logic it becomes difficult to understand and much more difficult to adequately test.  By removing domain logic from the View, we ensure that the View has a single responsibility of drawing the screen which, in turn, makes our application easier to understand and maintain. I was recently asked to take a look at an ASP.NET MVC View because the developer reviewing it thought that it possibly had too much going on in the view.  I looked at the .CSHTML file and the first thing that occurred to me was that it began with 40 lines of code declaring member variables and performing the necessary calculations to populate these variables, which were later either output directly to the page or used to control some conditional rendering action (such as adding a class name to an HTML element or not rendering another element at all).  This exhibited both of what I consider the primary heuristics (or code smells) indicating that the View is too smart: Member variables – in general, variables in View code are an indication that the Model to which the View is being bound is not sufficient for the needs of the View and that the View has had to augment that Model.  Notable exceptions to this guideline include variables used to hold information specifically related to rendering (such as a dynamically determined CSS class name or the depth within a recursive structure for indentation purposes) and variables which are used to facilitate looping through collections while binding. Arithmetic – as with member variables, the presence of arithmetic operators within View code are an indication that the Model servicing the View is insufficient for its needs.  For example, if the Model represents a line item in a sales order, it might seem perfectly natural to “normalize” the Model by storing the quantity and unit price in the Model and multiply these within the View to show the line total.  While this does seem natural, it introduces a business rule to the View code and makes it impossible to test that the rounding of the result meets the requirement of the business without executing the View.  Within View code, arithmetic should only be used for activities such as incrementing loop counters and calculating element widths. In addition to the two characteristics of a “Smart View” that I’ve discussed already, this View also exhibited another heuristic that commonly indicates to me the need to refactor a View and make it a bit less smart.  That characteristic is the existence of Boolean logic that either does not work directly with properties of the Model or works with too many properties of the Model.  Consider the following code and consider how logic that does not work directly with properties of the Model is just another form of the “member variable” heuristic covered earlier: @if(DateTime.Now.Hour < 12) {     <div>Good Morning!</div> } else {     <div>Greetings</div> } This code performs business logic to determine whether it is morning.  A possible refactoring would be to add an IsMorning property to the Model, but in this particular case there is enough similarity between the branches that the entire branching structure could be collapsed by adding a Greeting property to the Model and using it similarly to the following: <div>@Model.Greeting</div> Now let’s look at some complex logic around multiple Model properties: @if (ModelPageNumber + Model.NumbersToDisplay == Model.PageCount         || (Model.PageCount != Model.CurrentPage             && !Model.DisplayValues.Contains(Model.PageCount))) {     <div>There's more to see!</div> } In this scenario, not only is the View code difficult to read (you shouldn’t have to play “human compiler” to determine the purpose of the code), but it also complex enough to be at risk for logical errors that cannot be detected without executing the View.  Conditional logic that requires more than a single logical operator should be looked at more closely to determine whether the condition should be evaluated elsewhere and exposed as a single property of the Model.  Moving the logic above outside of the View and exposing a new Model property would simplify the View code to: @if(Model.HasMoreToSee) {     <div>There’s more to see!</div> } In this posting I have briefly discussed some of the more prominent heuristics that indicate a need to push code from the View into other pieces of the application.  You should now be able to recognize these symptoms when building or maintaining Views (or the Models that support them) in your applications.

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  • ROracle support for TimesTen In-Memory Database

    - by Sherry LaMonica
    Today's guest post comes from Jason Feldhaus, a Consulting Member of Technical Staff in the TimesTen Database organization at Oracle.  He shares with us a sample session using ROracle with the TimesTen In-Memory database.  Beginning in version 1.1-4, ROracle includes support for the Oracle Times Ten In-Memory Database, version 11.2.2. TimesTen is a relational database providing very fast and high throughput through its memory-centric architecture.  TimesTen is designed for low latency, high-volume data, and event and transaction management. A TimesTen database resides entirely in memory, so no disk I/O is required for transactions and query operations. TimesTen is used in applications requiring very fast and predictable response time, such as real-time financial services trading applications and large web applications. TimesTen can be used as the database of record or as a relational cache database to Oracle Database. ROracle provides an interface between R and the database, providing the rich functionality of the R statistical programming environment using the SQL query language. ROracle uses the OCI libraries to handle database connections, providing much better performance than standard ODBC.The latest ROracle enhancements include: Support for Oracle TimesTen In-Memory Database Support for Date-Time using R's POSIXct/POSIXlt data types RAW, BLOB and BFILE data type support Option to specify number of rows per fetch operation Option to prefetch LOB data Break support using Ctrl-C Statement caching support Times Ten 11.2.2 contains enhanced support for analytics workloads and complex queries: Analytic functions: AVG, SUM, COUNT, MAX, MIN, DENSE_RANK, RANK, ROW_NUMBER, FIRST_VALUE and LAST_VALUE Analytic clauses: OVER PARTITION BY and OVER ORDER BY Multidimensional grouping operators: Grouping clauses: GROUP BY CUBE, GROUP BY ROLLUP, GROUP BY GROUPING SETS Grouping functions: GROUP, GROUPING_ID, GROUP_ID WITH clause, which allows repeated references to a named subquery block Aggregate expressions over DISTINCT expressions General expressions that return a character string in the source or a pattern within the LIKE predicate Ability to order nulls first or last in a sort result (NULLS FIRST or NULLS LAST in the ORDER BY clause) Note: Some functionality is only available with Oracle Exalytics, refer to the TimesTen product licensing document for details. Connecting to TimesTen is easy with ROracle. Simply install and load the ROracle package and load the driver. > install.packages("ROracle") > library(ROracle) Loading required package: DBI > drv <- dbDriver("Oracle") Once the ROracle package is installed, create a database connection object and connect to a TimesTen direct driver DSN as the OS user. > conn <- dbConnect(drv, username ="", password="", dbname = "localhost/SampleDb_1122:timesten_direct") You have the option to report the server type - Oracle or TimesTen? > print (paste ("Server type =", dbGetInfo (conn)$serverType)) [1] "Server type = TimesTen IMDB" To create tables in the database using R data frame objects, use the function dbWriteTable. In the following example we write the built-in iris data frame to TimesTen. The iris data set is a small example data set containing 150 rows and 5 columns. We include it here not to highlight performance, but so users can easily run this example in their R session. > dbWriteTable (conn, "IRIS", iris, overwrite=TRUE, ora.number=FALSE) [1] TRUE Verify that the newly created IRIS table is available in the database. To list the available tables and table columns in the database, use dbListTables and dbListFields, respectively. > dbListTables (conn) [1] "IRIS" > dbListFields (conn, "IRIS") [1] "SEPAL.LENGTH" "SEPAL.WIDTH" "PETAL.LENGTH" "PETAL.WIDTH" "SPECIES" To retrieve a summary of the data from the database we need to save the results to a local object. The following call saves the results of the query as a local R object, iris.summary. The ROracle function dbGetQuery is used to execute an arbitrary SQL statement against the database. When connected to TimesTen, the SQL statement is processed completely within main memory for the fastest response time. > iris.summary <- dbGetQuery(conn, 'SELECT SPECIES, AVG ("SEPAL.LENGTH") AS AVG_SLENGTH, AVG ("SEPAL.WIDTH") AS AVG_SWIDTH, AVG ("PETAL.LENGTH") AS AVG_PLENGTH, AVG ("PETAL.WIDTH") AS AVG_PWIDTH FROM IRIS GROUP BY ROLLUP (SPECIES)') > iris.summary SPECIES AVG_SLENGTH AVG_SWIDTH AVG_PLENGTH AVG_PWIDTH 1 setosa 5.006000 3.428000 1.462 0.246000 2 versicolor 5.936000 2.770000 4.260 1.326000 3 virginica 6.588000 2.974000 5.552 2.026000 4 <NA> 5.843333 3.057333 3.758 1.199333 Finally, disconnect from the TimesTen Database. > dbCommit (conn) [1] TRUE > dbDisconnect (conn) [1] TRUE We encourage you download Oracle software for evaluation from the Oracle Technology Network. See these links for our software: Times Ten In-Memory Database,  ROracle.  As always, we welcome comments and questions on the TimesTen and  Oracle R technical forums.

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  • How to get distinct values from the List&lt;T&gt; with LINQ

    - by Vincent Maverick Durano
    Recently I was working with data from a generic List<T> and one of my objectives is to get the distinct values that is found in the List. Consider that we have this simple class that holds the following properties: public class Product { public string Make { get; set; } public string Model { get; set; } }   Now in the page code behind we will create a list of product by doing the following: private List<Product> GetProducts() { List<Product> products = new List<Product>(); Product p = new Product(); p.Make = "Samsung"; p.Model = "Galaxy S 1"; products.Add(p); p = new Product(); p.Make = "Samsung"; p.Model = "Galaxy S 2"; products.Add(p); p = new Product(); p.Make = "Samsung"; p.Model = "Galaxy Note"; products.Add(p); p = new Product(); p.Make = "Apple"; p.Model = "iPhone 4"; products.Add(p); p = new Product(); p.Make = "Apple"; p.Model = "iPhone 4s"; products.Add(p); p = new Product(); p.Make = "HTC"; p.Model = "Sensation"; products.Add(p); p = new Product(); p.Make = "HTC"; p.Model = "Desire"; products.Add(p); p = new Product(); p.Make = "Nokia"; p.Model = "Some Model"; products.Add(p); p = new Product(); p.Make = "Nokia"; p.Model = "Some Model"; products.Add(p); p = new Product(); p.Make = "Sony Ericsson"; p.Model = "800i"; products.Add(p); p = new Product(); p.Make = "Sony Ericsson"; p.Model = "800i"; products.Add(p); return products; }   And then let’s bind the products to the GridView. protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) { if (!IsPostBack) { Gridview1.DataSource = GetProducts(); Gridview1.DataBind(); } }   Running the code will display something like this in the page: Now what I want is to get the distinct row values from the list. So what I did is to use the LINQ Distinct operator and unfortunately it doesn't work. In order for it work is you must use the overload method of the Distinct operator for you to get the desired results. So I’ve added this IEqualityComparer<T> class to compare values: class ProductComparer : IEqualityComparer<Product> { public bool Equals(Product x, Product y) { if (Object.ReferenceEquals(x, y)) return true; if (Object.ReferenceEquals(x, null) || Object.ReferenceEquals(y, null)) return false; return x.Make == y.Make && x.Model == y.Model; } public int GetHashCode(Product product) { if (Object.ReferenceEquals(product, null)) return 0; int hashProductName = product.Make == null ? 0 : product.Make.GetHashCode(); int hashProductCode = product.Model.GetHashCode(); return hashProductName ^ hashProductCode; } }   After that you can then bind the GridView like this: protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) { if (!IsPostBack) { Gridview1.DataSource = GetProducts().Distinct(new ProductComparer()); Gridview1.DataBind(); } }   Running the page will give you the desired output below: As you notice, it now eliminates the duplicate rows in the GridView. Now what if we only want to get the distinct values for a certain field. For example I want to get the distinct “Make” values such as Samsung, Apple, HTC, Nokia and Sony Ericsson and populate them to a DropDownList control for filtering purposes. I was hoping the the Distinct operator has an overload that can compare values based on the property value like (GetProducts().Distinct(o => o.PropertyToCompare). But unfortunately it doesn’t provide that overload so what I did as a workaround is to use the GroupBy,Select and First LINQ query operators to achieve what I want. Here’s the code to get the distinct values of a certain field. protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) { if (!IsPostBack) { DropDownList1.DataSource = GetProducts().GroupBy(o => o.Make).Select(o => o.First()); DropDownList1.DataTextField = "Make"; DropDownList1.DataValueField = "Model"; DropDownList1.DataBind(); } } Running the code will display the following output below:   That’s it! I hope someone find this post useful!

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  • Microsoft Sql Server 2008 R2 System Databases

    For a majority of software developers little time is spent understanding the inner workings of the database management systems (DBMS) they use to store data for their applications.  I personally place myself in this grouping. In my case, I have used various versions of Microsoft’s SQL Server (2000, 2005, and 2008 R2) and just recently learned how valuable they really are when I was preparing to deliver a lecture on "SQL Server 2008 R2, System Databases". Microsoft Sql Server 2008 R2 System DatabasesSo what are system databases in MS SQL Server, and why should I know them? Microsoft uses system databases to support the SQL Server DBMS, much like a developer uses config files or database tables to support an application. These system databases individually provide specific functionality that allows MS SQL Server to function. Name Database File Log File Master master.mdf mastlog.ldf Resource mssqlsystemresource.mdf mssqlsystemresource.ldf Model model.mdf modellog.ldf MSDB msdbdata.mdf msdblog.ldf Distribution distmdl.mdf distmdl.ldf TempDB tempdb.mdf templog.ldf Master DatabaseIf you have used MS SQL Server then you should recognize the Master database especially if you used the SQL Server Management Studio (SSMS) to connect to a user created database. MS SQL Server requires the Master database in order for DBMS to start due to the information that it stores. Examples of data stored in the Master database User Logins Linked Servers Configuration information Information on User Databases Resource DatabaseHonestly, until recently I never knew this database even existed until I started to research SQL Server system databases. The reason for this is due largely to the fact that the resource database is hidden to users. In fact, the database files are stored within the Binn folder instead of the standard MS SQL Server database folder path. This database contains all system objects that can be accessed by all other databases.  In short, this database contains all system views and store procedures that appear in all other user databases regarding system information. One of the many benefits to storing system views and store procedures in a single hidden database is the fact it improves upgrading a SQL Server database; not to mention that maintenance is decreased since only one code base has to be mainlined for all of the system views and procedures. Model DatabaseThe Model database as the name implies is the model for all new databases created by users. This allows for predefining default database objects for all new databases within a MS SQL Server instance. For example, if every database created by a user needs to have an “Audit” table when it is  created then defining the “Audit” table in the model will guarantees that the table will be located in every new database create after the model is altered. MSDB DatabaseThe MSDBdatabase is used by SQL Server Agent, SQL Server Database Mail, SQL Server Service Broker, along with SQL Server. The SQL Server Agent uses this database to store job configurations and SQL job schedules along with SQL Alerts, and Operators. In addition, this database also stores all SQL job parameters along with each job’s execution history.  Finally, this database is also used to store database backup and maintenance plans as well as details pertaining to SQL Log shipping if it is being used. Distribution DatabaseThe Distribution database is only used during replication and stores meta data and history information pertaining to the act of replication data. Furthermore, when transactional replication is used this database also stores information regarding each transaction. It is important to note that replication is not turned on by default in MS SQL Server and that the distribution database is hidden from SSMS. Tempdb DatabaseThe Tempdb as the name implies is used to store temporary data and data objects. Examples of this include temp tables and temp store procedures. It is important to note that when using this database all data and data objects are cleared from this database when SQL Server restarts. This database is also used by SQL Server when it is performing some internal operations. Typically, SQL Server uses this database for the purpose of large sort and index operations. Finally, this database is used to store row versions if row versioning or snapsot isolation transactions are being used by SQL Server. Additionally, I would love to hear from others about their experiences using system databases, tables, and objects in a real world environments.

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  • Microsoft Sql Server 2008 R2 System Databases

    For a majority of software developers little time is spent understanding the inner workings of the database management systems (DBMS) they use to store data for their applications.  I personally place myself in this grouping. In my case, I have used various versions of Microsoft’s SQL Server (2000, 2005, and 2008 R2) and just recently learned how valuable they really are when I was preparing to deliver a lecture on "SQL Server 2008 R2, System Databases". Microsoft Sql Server 2008 R2 System DatabasesSo what are system databases in MS SQL Server, and why should I know them? Microsoft uses system databases to support the SQL Server DBMS, much like a developer uses config files or database tables to support an application. These system databases individually provide specific functionality that allows MS SQL Server to function. Name Database File Log File Master master.mdf mastlog.ldf Resource mssqlsystemresource.mdf mssqlsystemresource.ldf Model model.mdf modellog.ldf MSDB msdbdata.mdf msdblog.ldf Distribution distmdl.mdf distmdl.ldf TempDB tempdb.mdf templog.ldf Master DatabaseIf you have used MS SQL Server then you should recognize the Master database especially if you used the SQL Server Management Studio (SSMS) to connect to a user created database. MS SQL Server requires the Master database in order for DBMS to start due to the information that it stores. Examples of data stored in the Master database User Logins Linked Servers Configuration information Information on User Databases Resource DatabaseHonestly, until recently I never knew this database even existed until I started to research SQL Server system databases. The reason for this is due largely to the fact that the resource database is hidden to users. In fact, the database files are stored within the Binn folder instead of the standard MS SQL Server database folder path. This database contains all system objects that can be accessed by all other databases.  In short, this database contains all system views and store procedures that appear in all other user databases regarding system information. One of the many benefits to storing system views and store procedures in a single hidden database is the fact it improves upgrading a SQL Server database; not to mention that maintenance is decreased since only one code base has to be mainlined for all of the system views and procedures. Model DatabaseThe Model database as the name implies is the model for all new databases created by users. This allows for predefining default database objects for all new databases within a MS SQL Server instance. For example, if every database created by a user needs to have an “Audit” table when it is  created then defining the “Audit” table in the model will guarantees that the table will be located in every new database create after the model is altered. MSDB DatabaseThe MSDBdatabase is used by SQL Server Agent, SQL Server Database Mail, SQL Server Service Broker, along with SQL Server. The SQL Server Agent uses this database to store job configurations and SQL job schedules along with SQL Alerts, and Operators. In addition, this database also stores all SQL job parameters along with each job’s execution history.  Finally, this database is also used to store database backup and maintenance plans as well as details pertaining to SQL Log shipping if it is being used. Distribution DatabaseThe Distribution database is only used during replication and stores meta data and history information pertaining to the act of replication data. Furthermore, when transactional replication is used this database also stores information regarding each transaction. It is important to note that replication is not turned on by default in MS SQL Server and that the distribution database is hidden from SSMS. Tempdb DatabaseThe Tempdb as the name implies is used to store temporary data and data objects. Examples of this include temp tables and temp store procedures. It is important to note that when using this database all data and data objects are cleared from this database when SQL Server restarts. This database is also used by SQL Server when it is performing some internal operations. Typically, SQL Server uses this database for the purpose of large sort and index operations. Finally, this database is used to store row versions if row versioning or snapsot isolation transactions are being used by SQL Server. Additionally, I would love to hear from others about their experiences using system databases, tables, and objects in a real world environments.

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  • jquery data selector

    - by Tauren
    I need to select elements based on values stored in an element's .data() object. At a minimum, I'd like to select top-level data properties using selectors, perhaps like this: $('a').data("category","music"); $('a:data(category=music)'); Or perhaps the selector would be in regular attribute selector format: $('a[category=music]'); Or in attribute format, but with a specifier to indicate it is in .data(): $('a[:category=music]'); I've found James Padolsey's implementation to look simple, yet good. The selector formats above mirror methods shown on that page. There is also this Sizzle patch. For some reason, I recall reading a while back that jQuery 1.4 would include support for selectors on values in the jquery .data() object. However, now that I'm looking for it, I can't find it. Maybe it was just a feature request that I saw. Is there support for this and I'm just not seeing it? Ideally, I'd like to support sub-properties in data() using dot notation. Like this: $('a').data("user",{name: {first:"Tom",last:"Smith"},username: "tomsmith"}); $('a[:user.name.first=Tom]'); I also would like to support multiple data selectors, where only elements with ALL specified data selectors are found. The regular jquery multiple selector does an OR operation. For instance, $('a.big, a.small') selects a tags with either class big or small). I'm looking for an AND, perhaps like this: $('a').data("artist",{id: 3281, name: "Madonna"}); $('a').data("category","music"); $('a[:category=music && :artist.name=Madonna]'); Lastly, it would be great if comparison operators and regex features were available on data selectors. So $(a[:artist.id>5000]) would be possible. I realize I could probably do much of this using filter(), but it would be nice to have a simple selector format. What solutions are available to do this? Is Jame's Padolsey's the best solution at this time? My concern is primarily in regards to performance, but also in the extra features like sub-property dot-notation and multiple data selectors. Are there other implementations that support these things or are better in some way?

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  • Fixed point math in c#?

    - by x4000
    Hi there, I was wondering if anyone here knows of any good resources for fixed point math in c#? I've seen things like this (http://2ddev.72dpiarmy.com/viewtopic.php?id=156) and this (http://stackoverflow.com/questions/79677/whats-the-best-way-to-do-fixed-point-math), and a number of discussions about whether decimal is really fixed point or actually floating point (update: responders have confirmed that it's definitely floating point), but I haven't seen a solid C# library for things like calculating cosine and sine. My needs are simple -- I need the basic operators, plus cosine, sine, arctan2, PI... I think that's about it. Maybe sqrt. I'm programming a 2D RTS game, which I have largely working, but the unit movement when using floating-point math (doubles) has very small inaccuracies over time (10-30 minutes) across multiple machines, leading to desyncs. This is presently only between a 32 bit OS and a 64 bit OS, all the 32 bit machines seem to stay in sync without issue, which is what makes me think this is a floating point issue. I was aware from this as a possible issue from the outset, and so have limited my use of non-integer position math as much as possible, but for smooth diagonal movement at varying speeds I'm calculating the angle between points in radians, then getting the x and y components of movement with sin and cos. That's the main issue. I'm also doing some calculations for line segment intersections, line-circle intersections, circle-rect intersections, etc, that also probably need to move from floating-point to fixed-point to avoid cross-machine issues. If there's something open source in Java or VB or another comparable language, I could probably convert the code for my uses. The main priority for me is accuracy, although I'd like as little speed loss over present performance as possible. This whole fixed point math thing is very new to me, and I'm surprised by how little practical information on it there is on google -- most stuff seems to be either theory or dense C++ header files. Anything you could do to point me in the right direction is much appreciated; if I can get this working, I plan to open-source the math functions I put together so that there will be a resource for other C# programmers out there. UPDATE: I could definitely make a cosine/sine lookup table work for my purposes, but I don't think that would work for arctan2, since I'd need to generate a table with about 64,000x64,000 entries (yikes). If you know any programmatic explanations of efficient ways to calculate things like arctan2, that would be awesome. My math background is all right, but the advanced formulas and traditional math notation are very difficult for me to translate into code.

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  • Code Golf: Evaluating Mathematical Expressions

    - by Noldorin
    Challenge Here is the challenge (of my own invention, though I wouldn't be surprised if it has previously appeared elsewhere on the web). Write a function that takes a single argument that is a string representation of a simple mathematical expression and evaluates it as a floating point value. A "simple expression" may include any of the following: positive or negative decimal numbers, +, -, *, /, (, ). Expressions use (normal) infix notation. Operators should be evaluated in the order they appear, i.e. not as in BODMAS, though brackets should be correctly observed, of course. The function should return the correct result for any possible expression of this form. However, the function does not have to handle malformed expressions (i.e. ones with bad syntax). Examples of expressions: 1 + 3 / -8 = -0.5 (No BODMAS) 2*3*4*5+99 = 219 4 * (9 - 4) / (2 * 6 - 2) + 8 = 10 1 + ((123 * 3 - 69) / 100) = 4 2.45/8.5*9.27+(5*0.0023) = 2.68... Rules I anticipate some form of "cheating"/craftiness here, so please let me forewarn against it! By cheating, I refer to the use of the eval or equivalent function in dynamic languages such as JavaScript or PHP, or equally compiling and executing code on the fly. (I think my specification of "no BODMAS" has pretty much guaranteed this however.) Apart from that, there are no restrictions. I anticipate a few Regex solutions here, but it would be nice to see more than just that. Now, I'm mainly interested in a C#/.NET solution here, but any other language would be perfectly acceptable too (in particular, F# and Python for the functional/mixed approaches). I haven't yet decided whether I'm going to accept the shortest or most ingenious solution (at least for the language) as the answer, but I would welcome any form of solution in any language, except what I've just prohibited above! My Solution I've now posted my C# solution here (403 chars). Update: My new solution has beaten the old one significantly at 294 chars, with the help of a bit of lovely regex! I suspected that this will get easily beaten by some of the languages out there with lighter syntax (particularly the funcional/dynamic ones), and have been proved right, but I'd be curious if someone could beat this in C# still. Update I've seen some very crafty solutions already. Thanks to everyone who has posted one. Although I haven't tested any of them yet, I'm going to trust people and assume they at least work with all of the given examples. Just for the note, re-entrancy (i.e. thread-safety) is not a requirement for the function, though it is a bonus. Format Please post all answers in the following format for the purpose of easy comparison: Language Number of characters: ??? Fully obfuscated function: (code here) Clear/semi-obfuscated function: (code here) Any notes on the algorithm/clever shortcuts it takes.

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  • Yii - Custom GridView with Multiple Tables

    - by savinger
    So, I've extended GridView to include an Advanced Search feature tailored to the needs of my organization. Filter - lets you show/hide columns in the table, and you can also reorder columns by dragging the little drag icon to the left of each item. Sort - Allows for the selection of multiple columns, specify Ascending or Descending. Search - Select your column and insert search parameters. Operators tailored to data type of selected column. Version 1 works, albeit slowly. Basically, I had my hands in the inner workings of CGridView, where I snatch the results from the DataProvider and do the searching and sorting in PHP before rendering the table contents. Now writing Version 2, where I aim to focus on clever CDbCriteria creation, allowing MySQL to do the heavy lifting so it will run quicker. The implementation is trivial when dealing with a single database table. The difficulty arises when I'm dealing with 2 or more tables... For example, if the user intends to search on a field that is a STAT relation, I need that relation to be present in my query. Here's the question. How do I assure that Yii includes all with relations in my query so that I include comparisons? I've included all my relations with my criteria in the model's search function and I've tried CDbCriteria's together ... public function search() { $criteria=new CDbCriteria; $criteria->compare('id', $this->id); $criteria->compare( ... ... $criteria->with = array('relation1','relation2','relation3'); $criteria->together = true; return new CActiveDataProvider( get_class($this), array( 'criteria'=>$criteria, 'pagination' => array('pageSize' => 50) ));} But I still get errors like this... CDbCommand failed to execute the SQL statement: SQLSTATE[42S22]: Column not found: 1054 Unknown column 't.relation3' in 'where clause'. The SQL statement executed was: SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT `t`.`id`) FROM `table` `t` LEFT OUTER JOIN `relation_table` `relation0` ON (`t`.`id`=`relation0`.`id`) LEFT OUTER JOIN `relation_table` `relation1` ON (`t`.`id`=`relation1`.`id`) WHERE (`t`.`relation3` < 1234567890) Where relation0 and relation1 are BELONGS_TO relations, but any STAT relations are missing. Furthermore, why is the query a SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT 't'.'id') ?

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  • php switch statement error on int = 0

    - by Jagdeep Singh
    I am having a problem in php switch case. When i set $number=0 it should run very first case but here this code returns 10-20K that is in second case. I checked comparison operators, tested them in if else case they return correct values but here first case do not run on $number=0 Why is this happening ? php consider 0 as false or something wrong in code ? Link to codepad paste http://codepad.org/2glDh39K also here is the code <?php $number = 0; switch ($number) { case ($number <= 10000): echo "0-10K"; break; case ($number > 10000 && $number <= 20000): echo "10-20K"; break; case ($number > 20000 && $number <= 30000): echo "20-30K"; break; case ($number > 30000 && $number <= 40000): echo "30-40K"; break; case ($number > 40000 && $number <= 50000): echo "40-50K"; break; case ($number > 50000 && $number <= 60000): echo "50-60K"; break; case ($number > 60000 && $number <= 70000): echo "60-70K"; break; case ($number > 70000 && $number <= 80000): echo "70-80K"; break; case ($number > 80000 && $number <= 90000): echo "80-90K"; break; case ($number > 90000): echo "90K+"; break; default: //default echo "N/A"; break; } ?>

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  • C++ type-checking at compile-time

    - by Masterofpsi
    Hi, all. I'm pretty new to C++, and I'm writing a small library (mostly for my own projects) in C++. In the process of designing a type hierarchy, I've run into the problem of defining the assignment operator. I've taken the basic approach that was eventually reached in this article, which is that for every class MyClass in a hierarchy derived from a class Base you define two assignment operators like so: class MyClass: public Base { public: MyClass& operator =(MyClass const& rhs); virtual MyClass& operator =(Base const& rhs); }; // automatically gets defined, so we make it call the virtual function below MyClass& MyClass::operator =(MyClass const& rhs); { return (*this = static_cast<Base const&>(rhs)); } MyClass& MyClass::operator =(Base const& rhs); { assert(typeid(rhs) == typeid(*this)); // assigning to different types is a logical error MyClass const& casted_rhs = dynamic_cast<MyClass const&>(rhs); try { // allocate new variables Base::operator =(rhs); } catch(...) { // delete the allocated variables throw; } // assign to member variables } The part I'm concerned with is the assertion for type equality. Since I'm writing a library, where assertions will presumably be compiled out of the final result, this has led me to go with a scheme that looks more like this: class MyClass: public Base { public: operator =(MyClass const& rhs); // etc virtual inline MyClass& operator =(Base const& rhs) { assert(typeid(rhs) == typeid(*this)); return this->set(static_cast<Base const&>(rhs)); } private: MyClass& set(Base const& rhs); // same basic thing }; But I've been wondering if I could check the types at compile-time. I looked into Boost.TypeTraits, and I came close by doing BOOST_MPL_ASSERT((boost::is_same<BOOST_TYPEOF(*this), BOOST_TYPEOF(rhs)>));, but since rhs is declared as a reference to the parent class and not the derived class, it choked. Now that I think about it, my reasoning seems silly -- I was hoping that since the function was inline, it would be able to check the actual parameters themselves, but of course the preprocessor always gets run before the compiler. But I was wondering if anyone knew of any other way I could enforce this kind of check at compile-time.

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  • Problem with combination boost::exception and boost::variant

    - by Rick
    Hello all, I have strange problem with two-level variant struct when boost::exception is included. I have following code snippet: #include <boost/variant.hpp> #include <boost/exception/all.hpp> typedef boost::variant< int > StoredValue; typedef boost::variant< StoredValue > ExpressionItem; inline std::ostream& operator << ( std::ostream & os, const StoredValue& stvalue ) { return os;} inline std::ostream& operator << ( std::ostream & os, const ExpressionItem& stvalue ) { return os; } When I try to compile it, I have following error: boost/exception/detail/is_output_streamable.hpp(45): error C2593: 'operator <<' is ambiguous test.cpp(11): could be 'std::ostream &operator <<(std::ostream &,const ExpressionItem &)' [found using argument-dependent lookup] test.cpp(8): or 'std::ostream &operator <<(std::ostream &,const StoredValue &)' [found using argument-dependent lookup] 1> while trying to match the argument list '(std::basic_ostream<_Elem,_Traits>, const boost::error_info<Tag,T>)' 1> with 1> [ 1> _Elem=char, 1> _Traits=std::char_traits<char> 1> ] 1> and 1> [ 1> Tag=boost::tag_original_exception_type, 1> T=const type_info * 1> ] Code snippet is simplified as much as possible, in the real code are structures much more complicated and each variant has five sub-types. When i remove #include and try following test snippet, program is compiled correctly: void TestVariant() { ExpressionItem test; std::stringstream str; str << test; } Could someone please advise me how to define operators << in order to function even when using boost::Exception ? Thanks and regards Rick

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  • Can my loop be optimized any more? (C++)

    - by Sagekilla
    Below is one of my inner loops that's run several thousand times, with input sizes of 20 - 1000 or more. Is there anything I can do to help squeeze any more performance out of this? I'm not looking to move this code to something like using tree codes (Barnes-Hut), but towards optimizing the actual calculations happening inside, since the same calculations occur in the Barnes-Hut algorithm. Any help is appreciated! typedef double real; struct Particle { Vector pos, vel, acc, jerk; Vector oldPos, oldVel, oldAcc, oldJerk; real mass; }; class Vector { private: real vec[3]; public: // Operators defined here }; real Gravity::interact(Particle *p, size_t numParticles) { PROFILE_FUNC(); real tau_q = 1e300; for (size_t i = 0; i < numParticles; i++) { p[i].jerk = 0; p[i].acc = 0; } for (size_t i = 0; i < numParticles; i++) { for (size_t j = i+1; j < numParticles; j++) { Vector r = p[j].pos - p[i].pos; Vector v = p[j].vel - p[i].vel; real r2 = lengthsq(r); real v2 = lengthsq(v); // Calculate inverse of |r|^3 real r3i = Constants::G * pow(r2, -1.5); // da = r / |r|^3 // dj = (v / |r|^3 - 3 * (r . v) * r / |r|^5 Vector da = r * r3i; Vector dj = (v - r * (3 * dot(r, v) / r2)) * r3i; // Calculate new acceleration and jerk p[i].acc += da * p[j].mass; p[i].jerk += dj * p[j].mass; p[j].acc -= da * p[i].mass; p[j].jerk -= dj * p[i].mass; // Collision estimation // Metric 1) tau = |r|^2 / |a(j) - a(i)| // Metric 2) tau = |r|^4 / |v|^4 real mij = p[i].mass + p[j].mass; real tau_est_q1 = r2 / (lengthsq(da) * mij * mij); real tau_est_q2 = (r2*r2) / (v2*v2); if (tau_est_q1 < tau_q) tau_q = tau_est_q1; if (tau_est_q2 < tau_q) tau_q = tau_est_q2; } } return sqrt(sqrt(tau_q)); }

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  • How to generate and encode (for use in GA), random, strict, binary rooted trees with N leaves?

    - by Peter Simon
    First, I am an engineer, not a computer scientist, so I apologize in advance for any misuse of nomenclature and general ignorance of CS background. Here is the motivational background for my question: I am contemplating writing a genetic algorithm optimizer to aid in designing a power divider network (also called a beam forming network, or BFN for short). The BFN is intended to distribute power to each of N radiating elements in an array of antennas. The fraction of the total input power to be delivered to each radiating element has been specified. Topologically speaking, a BFN is a strictly binary, rooted tree. Each of the (N-1) interior nodes of the tree represents the input port of an unequal, binary power splitter. The N leaves of the tree are the power divider outputs. Given a particular power divider topology, one is still free to map the power divider outputs to the array inputs in an arbitrary order. There are N! such permutations of the outputs. There are several considerations in choosing the desired ordering: 1) The power ratio for each binary coupler should be within a specified range of values. 2) The ordering should be chosen to simplify the mechanical routing of the transmission lines connecting the power divider. The number of ouputs N of the BFN may range from, say, 6 to 22. I have already written a genetic algorithm optimizer that, given a particular BFN topology and desired array input power distribution, will search through the N! permutations of the BFN outputs to generate a design with compliant power ratios and good mechanical routing. I would now like to generalize my program to automatically generate and search through the space of possible BFN topologies. As I understand it, for N outputs (leaves of the binary tree), there are $C_{N-1}$ different topologies that can be constructed, where $C_N$ is the Catalan number. I would like to know how to encode an arbitrary tree having N leaves in a way that is consistent with a chromosomal description for use in a genetic algorithm. Also associated with this is the need to generate random instances for filling the initial population, and to implement crossover and mutations operators for this type of chromosome. Any suggestions will be welcome. Please minimize the amount of CS lingo in your reply, since I am not likely to be acquainted with it. Thanks in advance, Peter

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  • What is a good platform for building a game framework targetting both web and native languages?

    - by fuzzyTew
    I would like to develop (or find, if one is already in development) a framework with support for accelerated graphics and sound built on a system flexible enough to compile to the following: native ppc/x86/x86_64/arm binaries or a language which compiles to them javascript actionscript bytecode or a language which compiles to it (actionscript 3, haxe) optionally java I imagine, for example, creating an API where I can open windows and make OpenGL-like calls and the framework maps this in a relatively efficient manner to either WebGL with a canvas object, 3d graphics in Flash, OpenGL ES 2 with EGL, or desktop OpenGL in an X11, Windows, or Cocoa window. I have so far looked into these avenues: Building the game library in haXe Pros: Targets exist for php, javascript, actionscript bytecode, c++ High level, object oriented language Cons: No support for finally{} blocks or destructors, making resource cleanup difficult C++ target does not allow room for producing highly optimized libraries -- the foreign function interface requires all primitive types be boxed in a wrapper object, as if writing bindings for a scripting language; these feel unideal for real-time graphics and audio, especially exporting low-level functions. Doesn't seem quite yet mature Using the C preprocessor to create a translator, writing programs entirely with macros Pros: CPP is widespread and simple to use Cons: This is an arduous task and probably the wrong tool for the job CPP implementations differ widely in support for features (e.g. xcode cpp has no variadic macros despite claiming C99 compliance) There is little-to-no room for optimization in this route Using llvm's support for multiple backends to target c/c++ to web languages Pros: Can code in c/c++ LLVM is a very mature highly optimizing compiler performing e.g. global inlining Targets exist for actionscript (alchemy) and javascript (emscripten) Cons: Actionscript target is closed source, unmaintained, and buggy. Javascript targets do not use features of HTML5 for appropriate optimization (e.g. linear memory with typed arrays) and are immature An LLVM target must convert from low-level bytecode, so high-level constructs are lost and bloated unreadable code is created from translating individual instructions, which may be more difficult for an unprepared JIT to optimize. "jump" instructions cause problems for languages with no "goto" statements. Using libclang to write a translator from C/C++ to web languages Pros: A beautiful parsing library providing easy access to the code structure Can code in C/C++ Has sponsored developer effort from Apple Cons: Incomplete; current feature set targets IDEs. Basic operators are unexposed and must be manually parsed from the returned AST element to be identified. Translating code prior to compilation may forgo optimizations assumed in c/c++ such as inlining. Creating new code generators for clang to translate into web languages Pros: Can code in C/C++ as libclang Cons: There is no API; code structure is unstable A much larger job than using libclang; the innards of clang are complex Building the game library in Common Lisp Pros: Flexible, ancient, well-developed language Extensive introspection should ease writing translators Translators exist for at least javascript Cons: Unfamiliar language No standardized library functions, widely varying implementations Which of these avenues should I pursue? Do you know of any others, or any systems that might be useful? Does a general project like this exist somewhere already? Thank you for any input.

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  • C++0x Overload on reference, versus sole pass-by-value + std::move?

    - by dean
    It seems the main advice concerning C++0x's rvalues is to add move constructors and move operators to your classes, until compilers default-implement them. But waiting is a losing strategy if you use VC10, because automatic generation probably won't be here until VC10 SP1, or in worst case, VC11. Likely, the wait for this will be measured in years. Here lies my problem. Writing all this duplicate code is not fun. And it's unpleasant to look at. But this is a burden well received, for those classes deemed slow. Not so for the hundreds, if not thousands, of smaller classes. ::sighs:: C++0x was supposed to let me write less code, not more! And then I had a thought. Shared by many, I would guess. Why not just pass everything by value? Won't std::move + copy elision make this nearly optimal? Example 1 - Typical Pre-0x constructor OurClass::OurClass(const SomeClass& obj) : obj(obj) {} SomeClass o; OurClass(o); // single copy OurClass(std::move(o)); // single copy OurClass(SomeClass()); // single copy Cons: A wasted copy for rvalues. Example 2 - Recommended C++0x? OurClass::OurClass(const SomeClass& obj) : obj(obj) {} OurClass::OurClass(SomeClass&& obj) : obj(std::move(obj)) {} SomeClass o; OurClass(o); // single copy OurClass(std::move(o)); // zero copies, one move OurClass(SomeClass()); // zero copies, one move Pros: Presumably the fastest. Cons: Lots of code! Example 3 - Pass-by-value + std::move OurClass::OurClass(SomeClass obj) : obj(std::move(obj)) {} SomeClass o; OurClass(o); // single copy, one move OurClass(std::move(o)); // zero copies, two moves OurClass(SomeClass()); // zero copies, one move Pros: No additional code. Cons: A wasted move in cases 1 & 2. Performance will suffer greatly if SomeClass has no move constructor. What do you think? Is this correct? Is the incurred move a generally acceptable loss when compared to the benefit of code reduction?

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  • Exporting classes containing std:: objects (vector, map, etc) from a dll

    - by RnR
    I'm trying to export classes from a DLL that contain objects such as std::vectors and std::stings - the whole class is declared as dll export through: class DLL_EXPORT FontManager { The problem is that for members of the complex types I get this warning: warning C4251: 'FontManager::m__fonts' : class 'std::map<_Kty,_Ty' needs to have dll-interface to be used by clients of class 'FontManager' with [ _Kty=std::string, _Ty=tFontInfoRef ] I'm able to remove some of the warnings by putting the following forward class declaration before them even though I'm not changing the type of the member variables themselves: template class DLL_EXPORT std::allocator<tCharGlyphProviderRef>; template class DLL_EXPORT std::vector<tCharGlyphProviderRef,std::allocator<tCharGlyphProviderRef> >; std::vector<tCharGlyphProviderRef> m_glyphProviders; Looks like the forward declaration "injects" the DLL_EXPORT for when the member is compiled but is it safe? Does it realy change anything when the client compiles this header and uses the std container on his side? Will it make all future uses of such a container DLL_EXPORT (and possibly not inline?)? And does it really solve the problem that the warning tries to warn about? Is this warning anything I should be worried about or would it be best to disable it in the scope of these constructs? The clients and the dll will always be built using the same set of libraries and compilers and those are header only classes... I'm using Visual Studio 2003 with the standard STD library. ---- Update ---- I'd like to target you more though as I see the answers are general and here we're talking about std containers and types (such as std::string) - maybe the question really is: Can we disable the warning for standard containers and types available to both the client and the dll through the same library headers and treat them just as we'd treat an int or any other built-in type? (It does seem to work correctly on my side.) If so would should be the conditions under which we can do this? Or should maybe using such containers be prohibited or at least ultra care taken to make sure no assignment operators, copy constructors etc will get inlined into the dll client? In general I'd like to know if you feel designing a dll interface having such objects (and for example using them to return stuff to the client as return value types) is a good idea or not and why - I'd like to have a "high level" interface to this functionality... maybe the best solution is what Neil Butterworth suggested - creating a static library?

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  • using CSS to center FLOATED input elements wrapped in a DIV

    - by Tim
    There's no shortage of questions and answers about centering but I've not been able to get it to work given my specific circumstances, which involve floating. I want to center a container DIV that contains three floated input elements (split-button, text, checkbox), so that when my page is resized wider, they go from this: ||.....[ ][v] [ ] [ ] label .....|| to this ||......................[ ][v] [ ] [ ] label.......................|| They float fine, but when the page is made wider, they stay to the left: ||.....[ ][v] [ ] [ ] label .......................................|| If I remove the float so that the input elements are stacked rather than side-by-side: [ ][v] [ ] [ ] label then they DO center correctly when the page is resized. SO it is the float being applied to the elements of the DIV#hbox inside the container that is messing up the centering. Is what I want to do impossible because of the way float is designed to work? Here is my DOCTYPE, and the markup does validate at w3c: <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd"> Here is my markup: <div id="term1-container"> <div class="hbox"> <div> <button id="operator1" class="operator-split-button">equals</button> <button id="operator1drop">show all operators</button> </div> <div><input type="text" id="term1"></input></div> <div><input type="checkbox" id="meta2"></input><label for="meta2" class="tinylabel">meta</label></div> </div> </div> And here's the (not-working) CSS: #term1-container {text-align: center} .hbox {margin: 0 auto;} .hbox div {float:left; } I have also tried applying display: inline-block to the floated button, text-input, and checkbox; and even though I think it applies only to text, I've also tried applying white-space: nowrap to the #term1-container DIV, based on posts I've seen here on SO. And just to be a little more complete, here's the jQuery that creates the split-button: $(".operator-split-button").button().click( function() { alert( "foo" ); }).next().button( { text: false, icons: { primary: "ui-icon-triangle-1-s" } }).click( function(){positionOperatorsMenu();} ) })

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  • Are there known problems with >= and <= and the eval function in JS?

    - by Augier
    I am currently writing a JS rules engine which at one point needs to evaluate boolean expressions using the eval() function. Firstly I construct an equation as such: var equation = "relation.relatedTrigger.previousValue" + " " + relation.operator + " " + "relation.value"; relation.relatedTrigger.previousValue is the value I want to compare. relation.operator is the operator (either "==", "!=", <=, "<", "", ="). relation.value is the value I want to compare with. I then simply pass this string to the eval function and it returns true or false as such: return eval(equation); This works absolutely fine (with words and numbers) or all of the operators except for = and <=. E.g. When evaluating the equation: relation.relatedTrigger.previousValue <= 100 It returns true when previousValue = 0,1,10,100 & all negative numbers but false for everything in between. I would greatly appreciate the help of anyone to either answer my question or to help me find an alternative solution. Regards, Augier. P.S. I don't need a speech on the insecurities of the eval() function. Any value given to relation.relatedTrigger.previousValue is predefined. edit: Here is the full function: function evaluateRelation(relation) { console.log("Evaluating relation") var currentValue; //if multiple values if(relation.value.indexOf(";") != -1) { var values = relation.value.split(";"); for (x in values) { var equation = "relation.relatedTrigger.previousValue" + " " + relation.operator + " " + "values[x]"; currentValue = eval(equation); if (currentValue) return true; } return false; } //if single value else { //Evaluate the relation and get boolean var equation = "relation.relatedTrigger.previousValue" + " " + relation.operator + " " + "relation.value"; console.log("relation.relatedTrigger.previousValue " + relation.relatedTrigger.previousValue); console.log(equation); return eval(equation); } } Answer: Provided by KennyTM below. A string comparison doesn't work. Converting to a numerical was needed.

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  • Implementing default constructors

    - by James
    Implement the default constructor, the constructors with one and two int parameters. The one-parameter constructor should initialize the first member of the pair, the second member of the pair is to be 0. Overload binary operator + to add the pairs as follows: (a, b) + (c, d) = (a + c, b + d); Overload the - analogously. Overload the * on pairs ant int as follows: (a, b) * c = (a * c, b * c). Write a program to test all the member functions and overloaded operators in your class definition. You will also need to write accessor (get) functions for each member. The definition of the class Pairs: class Pairs { public: Pairs(); Pairs(int first, int second); Pairs(int first); // other members and friends friend istream& operator>> (istream&, Pair&); friend ostream& operator<< (ostream&, const Pair&); private: int f; int s; }; Self-Test Exercise #17: istream& operator (istream& ins, Pair& second) { char ch; ins ch; // discard init '(' ins second.f; ins ch; // discard comma ',' ins second.s; ins ch; // discard final '(' return ins; } ostream& operator<< (ostream& outs, const Pair& second) { outs << '('; outs << second.f; outs << ", " ;// I followed the Author's suggestion here. outs << second.s; outs << ")"; return outs; }

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  • Ruby/Rails - Add records to an object with each loop iteration / Object vs Arrays

    - by ChrisWesAllen
    I'm trying to figure out how to add records to an existing object for each iteration of a loop. I'm having a hard time discovering the difference between an object and an array. I have this @events = Event.find(1) @loops = Choices.find(:all, :limit => 5) #so loop for 5 instances of choice model for loop in @loops @events = Event.find(:all,:conditions => ["event.id = ?", loop.event_id ]) end I'm trying to add a new events to the existing @events object based on the id of whatever the loop variable is. But the ( = ) operator just creates a new instance of the @events object. I tried ( += ) and ( << ) as operators but got the error "You have a nil object when you didn't expect it! You might have expected an instance of Array. The error occurred while evaluating nil" I tried created an array events = [] events << Event.find(1) @loops = Choices.find(:all, :limit => 5) #so loop for 5 instances of choice model for loop in @loops events << Event.find(:all,:conditions => ["event.id = ?", loop.event_id ]) end But I dont know how to call that arrays attributes within the view With objects I was able do create a loop within the view and call all the attributes of that object as well... <table> <% for event in @events %> <tr> <td><%= link_to event.title, event %></td> <td><%= event.start_date %></td> <td><%= event.price %></td> </tr> <% end %> </table> How could i do this with an array set? So the questions are 1) Whats the difference between arrays and objects? 2) Is there a way to add into the existing object for each iteration? 3) If I use an array, is there a way to call the attributes for each array record within the view?

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  • Is there a programming language with be semantics close to English ?

    - by ivo s
    Most languages allow to 'tweek' to certain extend parts of the syntax (C++,C#) and/or semantics that you will be using in your code (Katahdin, lua). But I have not heard of a language that can just completely define how your code will look like. So isn't there some language which already exists that has such capabilities to override all syntax & define semantics ? Example of what I want to do is basically from the C# code below: foreach(Fruit fruit in Fruits) { if(fruit is Apple) { fruit.Price = fruit.Price/2; } } I want do be able to to write the above code in my perfect language like this: Check if any fruits are Macintosh apples and discount the price by 50%. The advantages that come to my mind looking from a coder's perspective in this "imaginary" language are: It's very clear what is going on (self descriptive) - it's plain English after all even kid would understand my program Hides all complexities which I have to write in C#. But why should I care to learn that if statements, arithmetic operators etc since there are already implemented The disadvantages that I see for a coder who will maintain this program are: Maybe you would express this program differently from me so you may not get all the information that I've expressed in my sentence Programs can be quite verbose and hard to debug but if possible to even proximate this type of syntax above maybe more people would start programming right? That would be amazing I think. I can go to work and just write an essay to draw a square on a winform like this: Create a form called MyGreetingForm. Draw a square with in the middle of MyGreetingFormwith a side of 100 points. In the middle of the square write "Hello! Click here to continue" in Arial font. In the above code the parser must basically guess that I want to use the unnamed square from the previous sentence, it'd be hard to write such a smart parser I guess, yet it's so simple what I want to do. If the user clicks on square in the middle of MyGreetingForm show MyMainForm. In the above code 'basically' the compiler must: 1)generate an event handler 2) check if there is any square in the middle of the form and if there is - 3) hide the form and show another form It looks very hard to do but it doesn't look impossible IMO to me at least approximate this (I can personally generate a parser to perform the 3 steps above np & it's basically the same that it has to do any way when you add even in c# a.MyEvent=+handler; so I don't see a problem here) so I'm thinking maybe somebody already did something like this ? Or is there some practical burden of complexity to create such a 'essay style' programming language which I can't see ? I mean what's the worse that can happen if the parser is not that good? - your program will crash so you have to re-word it:)

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