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  • Using udev to create a character device based on a driver being loaded

    - by SteveCB
    I'm in the process of setting up RAID monitoring for a number of Dell servers that use the PERC 6i integrated card. We're using Nagios at present and the check_megasasctl plugin seems to fit the bill. However, the plugin relies upon the existence of: /dev/megaraid_sas_ioctl_node This device node doesn't exist by default, you have to create it by hand using something like: mknod /dev/megaraid_sas_ioctl_node c 253 0 Now, to make the existence of this device node persistent across reboots, I thought I could write a udev rule, but as usual, I'm missing something. I thought I could create a file such as /etc/udev/rules.d/10-local/rules that contained: DRIVER=="megasas" NAME="megaraid_sas_ioctl_node" MODE="0600" But this doesn't work - no device node after a reboot. Dmesg output indicates the megasas driver is loaded and functional: megasas: 00.00.04.01-RH1 Thu July 10 09:41:51 PST 2008 megasas: 0x1000:0x0060:0x1028:0x1f0c: bus 1:slot 0:func 0 megasas: FW now in Ready state Further, I don't see any means to instruct udev on which type of device node to create: character or block. I suspect I'm failing to understand exactly how udev is meant to work. I realise I could just cheat and run MegaCLI in /etc/rc.local, redirecting output to /dev/null; it creates the megaraid_sas_ioctl_node device node as part of its execution. I just thought using udev rules would be a) cleaner and b) a useful learning exercise. Perhaps I should just dump the above mknod command in /etc/rc.local... So how do I get udev to create the /dev/megaraid_sas_ioctl_node device node based on the presence of the megasas driver? Cheers Steve

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  • Vlan on DD-WRT v24 filesharing without internet

    - by user148888
    I'm planning to do a vlan with shared files without internet. my vlan is working correctly until I could lock the internet but I can not share files only I can ping from 172.168.1.x to 172.168.2.x but not backward. can u help me please?? This is my config. WRT54g DD-wrt v24 vlan0 eth 1,2,3 172.168.1.1/24 vlan1 Wan vlan2 eth 4 172.168.2.1/24(don't want internet here just Lan Conection) Pc (my pc) 172.168.1.10/24 gtway 172.168.1.1 (with internet) Ubiquity Nanostation loco M2 172.168.2.20/24(AP)(connect to eth 4 vlan2)(don't want internet here) Ubiquity Nanostation loco M2 172.168.2.21/24(Client)(don't want internet here) Friend pc 172.168.2.115/24(connected from the client)(don't want internet here) Any Help Please.. ![Lan Map][1] ![Vlan Config1][2] ![Vlan Config2][3] ![Vlan Config3][4] ![Command to block internet][5] [url=http://imageshack.us/photo/my-images/194/lanxl.jpg/][img=http://imageshack.us/a/img194/4197/lanxl.th.jpg][/url] [url=http://imageshack.us/photo/my-images/600/commandmf.jpg/][img=http://imageshack.us/a/img600/9530/commandmf.th.jpg][/url] [url=http://imageshack.us/photo/my-images/811/57398524.jpg/][img=http://imageshack.us/a/img811/1917/57398524.th.jpg][/url] [url=http://imageshack.us/photo/my-images/717/48064277.jpg/][img=http://imageshack.us/a/img717/829/48064277.th.jpg][/url] [url=http://imageshack.us/photo/my-images/685/21456517.jpg/][img=http://imageshack.us/a/img685/256/21456517.th.jpg][/url]

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  • Home Server: storage virtualisation, what to choose?

    - by Huygens
    I'm looking for virtualisation solutions for storage and OS for a home server. A sort of private cloud where I manage the storage space independently of the VM one. This question focus on storage management. (I have another question related to the VM/compute instance management). Here my environement and wishes. Server: HP Proliant MicroServer with 8 GB RAM (AMD Turion dual core with AMD-V technology) with 1 250GB system disk and up to 4 HDD (2 TB) for "data" OS types: only Linux (perhaps a *BSD VM in the future) Linux distributions do not matter, I'm familiar with RHEL, Fedora, Suse, Ubuntu, but any other recommandation will be fine The 4 HDD is going to be a software RAID array, probably RAID 5. storage should be "virtualised/cloudified": easy to extend: if I add a NAS on the network, I can include the NAS space capacity within this storage space as one virtual disk. This can be a NAS, an external HDD or another server. cluster FS or S3 style space or OpenStack block storage? Whatever is easier to manage/maintain and easy to integrate/plug to VM/compute instance. I would prefer free (libre, as in a free speach) and open source tools. But it does not have to be free as in a free beer. Note: the VMs I intend to run on top of this server are one dedicated to backup, one for a "owncloud/dropbox"-like service and perhaps one for media server (hosting video and photos). I'm not sure if traditional VMs or compute instance are the most suitable for this.

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  • Postfix relay all mail through SES except for one sending domain / address

    - by Kevin
    I'm thinking this is really really super simple, but I can't figure out what I need to do. I don't mess with Postfix much (Just let it run and do its thing) so I've got no idea where to even start with this. We have postfix currently configured to relay all mail out through SES using the code below. We need to modify this so that emails sent from one of our domains (domain.com) DO NOT go through SES. Everything else should continue to flow out through the SES connection. I'm assuming this is like a one line thing but my google skills are not helping me at all. relayhost = email-smtp.us-east-1.amazonaws.com:25 smtp_sasl_auth_enable = yes smtp_sasl_security_options = noanonymous smtp_sasl_password_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/sasl_passwd smtp_use_tls = yes smtp_tls_security_level = encrypt smtp_tls_note_starttls_offer = yes smtp_tls_CAfile = /etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt smtp_destination_concurrency_limit = 450 Update I have created sender_transport file in /etc/postfix. In it is @domain.com smtp: I then ran this through postmap and placed sender_dependent_default_transport_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/sender_transport above the above block of code and restarted postfix, but still all email is going out through SES. Log after sending Oct 22 14:38:48 web postfix/smtp[19446]: 4B19D640002: to=<[email protected]>, relay=email-smtp.us-east-1.amazonaws.com[54.243.47.187]:25, delay=1.4, delays=0.01/0/0.92/0.44, dsn=2.0.0, status=sent (250 Ok 00000141e21b181f-ee6f7c4f-f0f5-4b0f-ba69-2db146a4f988-000000) Oct 22 14:38:48 web postfix/qmgr[19435]: 4B19D640002: removed I don't think this log is what you're looking for, but it's the only thing that is logged when mail goes out, and this is with me running /usr/sbin/postfix -v start manually and not with the init script.

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  • What is the quickest and safest way to test new software and revert all changes, if needed?

    - by calbar
    I'm looking for Windows software that will allow me to quickly create a "checkpoint", do whatever I might need to do to my computer - install programs/drivers/updates, create/delete personal files, reboot the system multiple times, open questionable attachments - and then revert the entire system back to when the checkpoint was created. Essentially I want Windows Restore Points that save my personal files and partitions, too. It sounds like disk imaging might be the ticket, but creating them is much too slow and the restore process too involved... I'm hoping to sacrifice full disaster recovery for speed. Creating a checkpoint should be as close to one-click as possible, and rolling back should be a matter of selecting a restore point and rebooting. Ding! I'm familiar with Sandboxie, True Image Home "Try and Decide", Returnil, and a number of other "virtual system" apps that actively "catch" changes and allow you to commit or reject them. I'm not interested in these for a number of reasons - I prefer the "cut and dry" restore point approach. Finally, I'll note that I've just recently become aware of Comodo Time Machine. It sounds absolutely perfect, however, a quick skim through the user forums show more than a few horror stories of corrupted, unbootable systems. Any positive personal experience with the software to suppress my superstitions, or suggestions for more established alternatives would be greatly appreciated - Comodo Time Machine seems relatively new. Thanks for your help!

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  • Denying access to website via htaccess based on http header

    - by neekster
    I've been trying for ages to get this to work and I can't put my finger on it. What I'm trying to do is block access to a site from a number of countries, based on the CF-IPCountry header added by CloudFlare. I figured htaccess was a suitable way to do this. We are running LiteSpeed 4.2.4 on top of DirectAdmin for a control panel. The problem we having is the htaccess rule doesn't seem to do anything. Here's the rule we tried: SetEnvIf CF-IPCountry AU UnwantedCountry=1 Order allow,deny Deny from env=UnwantedCountry Allow from all That makes no difference at all, connections are still accepted. Just to check that the rule was at least being processed, I changed Allow from all to Deny from all, and connections were refused. So it appears to be a problem wit the variable. Here's the relevant headers that come in with the request. Connection: Keep-Alive Accept-Encoding: gzip CF-Connecting-IP: xx.xx.xx.xx CF-IPCountry: AU X-Forwarded-For: xx.xx.xx.xx.xx CF-RAY: c9062956e2d04b6 X-Forwarded-Proto: http CF-Visitor: {"scheme":"http"} Zone-Name: xx.com.au Hopefully someone can help me out, this has been driving me nuts for too long. Thanks

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  • Why are ISP's installing routers on my site when the feed is a form of ethernet already?

    - by Cosmin Prund
    I'm connected to 3 ISP's right now. Two of them already have routers at my site, the third one announced me "they need to install some equipment" when I requested BGP session. I can only assume they need to install a Router, since that connection is now working fine, using the usual /30 net block for the connection, and the "last-mile" solution is not going to change since they only installed it last week and the BGP was in the contract from the beginning. I simply don't understand this: the "feed" is already a form of ethernet. Even those they're using different technologies for the last mile, they're all entering the ISP router using an RJ45 WAN port. I assume the ISP router does something really important that can't be done by the Big Router on the other end of the connection. It must also be something that can hurt them if miss-configured, since they don't trust us (the client) to do the stuff on our router. And I'm not talking cheap throw-away routers here: One of the routers is Cisco 2800. Edit to add network details: I'm connected to 3 ISP's, two over Radio links, one over Fiber Optic. One of the radio links is going to get dropped and the other radio link will be turned into fiber sometime next year. The fiber is 20 Mbit, radio 1 is 40 Mbit and radio 2 is 2 Mbit. I've got a /24 of provider independent address space. I'm not doing out-of-the ordinary stuff with my network, I'm overly connected because my network needs to be "up" all the time.

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  • Win7 - Opening "Programs and Features" as Admin from command line (logged in as regular user)

    - by user1741264
    We have Win7 machines on a domain that we'd like to open the "Programs and Features" control applet via the command line while a regular user is logged in. Heres the catch: I know how to do this using runas from command line BUT after "Programs and Features" opens, I dont truly have the ability to remove a program. I am told that I need to be an Admin to do so. Here are the commands I have tried: runas /user:%computername%\administrator cmd.exe then in the new cmd window running: control appwiz.cpl runas /user:%companydomain%\%domainadminacct% cmd.exe then in the new cmd window running: control appwiz.cpl runas /user:%computername%\administrator cmd.exe then in the new cmd window running: rundll32.exe shell32.dll,Control_RunDLL appwiz.cpl runas /user:%companydomain%\%domainadminacct% cmd.exe then in the new cmd window running: rundll32.exe shell32.dll,Control_RunDLL appwiz.cpl I have also tried all of the above as one long line of code instead of launching a cmd.exe as Admin As you can see, I have tried running the command using both a local admin account (Administrator) AND a domain admin account. I have alos tried launching the runas command as one long command (opening the "programs and features") AND 1st launching a cmd.exe with admin rights and THEN launching the "Prgrams and Features" window. The result is the same: The "Programs and Features" windows opens but when I try to perform an uninstall, I am told I need Admin rights. Thus I am lead to believe that this instance of "Programs and Features" is not truly being run as an admin I am trying to avoid logging the regular user out. I am also aware that every program has its own uninstaller, I do not want to uninstall that way. I want to use the uninstaller in "Programs and Features". Any help is appreciated.

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  • Windows-to-linux: Putty with SSH and private/public key pair

    - by Johnny Kauffman
    I spent about 3 hours trying to figure out how to connect to a linux box from my windows machine using putty without having to send the password. This is connecting to an Ubuntu server that is using OpenSSH. The private key is SSH-2 RSA, 1024 bits. I am connecting using SSH2. I have run into the more common problems already: Putty generated the public key in the "wrong format". I have corrected this (as seen on this blog post). However, since I am not yet connected, I cannot absolutely confirm that this file is in the correct format. The key is all on a single line now, and I have tried adding/removing line breaks at the end of the file. I've also tried the public file doctoring process a few times to ensure that I haven't flubbed up the manual conversion. Even so, I have no way to verify accuracy here. The permissions were at once point wrong as well, specifically meaning that the file had too many permissions. I had to solve this too and I know it got past this because I no longer see a related error in /var/log/auth.log. I've tried both authorized_keys and authorized_keys2 in case the server has an old version of OpenSSH, but this changed nothing. I do have access as a user. After this keyfile stuff fails, I can enter my password instead The only remaining nibble of information I have is that it claims I have the alleged password wrong: sshd[22288]: Failed password for zzzzzzz from zz.zz.zz.zz port 53620 ssh2 Even so, as far as I can tell, this is just a lazy try/catch somewhere, since I don't think there's a password involved at all. I see nothing else in any of the /var/log files of use. What else could be wrong?

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  • Unable to mount root fs over NFS [on hold]

    - by johnmadrak
    I am attempting to set up a Raspberry Pi running Pidora to boot from an NFS share. My configuration in cmdline.txt is: dwc_otg.lpm_enable=0 console=ttyAMA0,115200 console=tty1 root=/dev/nfs nfsroot=<serverip>:/fake/path,nfsvers=3,rw,nolock nfsrootdebug ip=dhcp elevator=deadline rootwait On the Pi, the output I see is: IP-Config: Got DHCP answer from <router>, my address is <clientip> IP-Config: Complete: device=eth0, hwaddr=<macaddress>, ipaddr=<clientip>, mask=255.255.255.0, gw=<routerip> host=<clientip>, domain=, nis-domain=(none) bootserver=<routerip>, rootserver=<serverip>, rootpath= nameserver0=<routerip> (It pauses for a bit here) VFS: Unable to mount root fs via NFS, trying floppy VFS: Cannot open root device "nfs" or unknown-block(2,0); error -6 Please append a correct "root=" boot option; here are the available partitions: ..... On the NFS Server (an OpenVZ Container), the output I see in the /var/log/messages is: Aug 22 23:24:01 vps-4178 rpc.mountd[928]: authenticated mount request from <clientip>:783 for /fake/path (/fake/path) Aug 22 23:24:38 vps-4178 rpc.mountd[928]: authenticated mount request from <clientip>:741 for /fake/path (/fake/path) Aug 22 23:25:25 vps-4178 rpc.mountd[928]: authenticated mount request from <clientip>:752 for /fake/path (/fake/path) Aug 22 23:26:12 vps-4178 rpc.mountd[928]: authenticated mount request from <clientip>:876 for /fake/path (/fake/path) To test, I've made sure I can mount (non-root) from both the Pi and another machine and it worked. Does anyone have an idea on what could be wrong or how to narrow it down? Thank you in advanced for your help.

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  • Iptables rules, forward between two interfaces

    - by Marco
    i have a some difficulties in configuring my ubuntu server firewall ... my situation is this: eth0 - internet eth1 - lan1 eth2 - lan2 I want that clients from lan1 can't communicate with clients from lan2, except for some specific services. E.g. i want that clients in lan1 can ssh into client in lan2, but only that. Any other comunication is forbidden. So, i add this rules to iptables: #Block all traffic between lan, but permit traffic to internet iptables -I FORWARD -i eth1 -o ! eth0 -j DROP iptables -I FORWARD -i eth2 -o ! eth0 -j DROP # Accept ssh traffic from lan1 to client 192.168.20.2 in lan2 iptables -A FORWARD -i eth1 -o eth2 -p tcp --dport 22 -d 192.168.20.2 -j ACCEPT This didn't works. Doing iptables -L FORWARD -v i see: Chain FORWARD (policy DROP 0 packets, 0 bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 33 144 DROP all -- eth1 !eth0 anywhere anywhere 0 0 DROP all -- eth2 !eth0 anywhere anywhere 23630 20M ACCEPT all -- any any anywhere anywhere state RELATED,ESTABLISHED 0 0 ACCEPT all -- eth1 any anywhere anywhere 175 9957 ACCEPT all -- eth1 any anywhere anywhere 107 6420 ACCEPT all -- eth2 any anywhere anywhere 0 0 ACCEPT all -- pptp+ any anywhere anywhere 0 0 ACCEPT all -- tun+ any anywhere anywhere 0 0 ACCEPT tcp -- eth1 eth2 anywhere server2.lan tcp dpt:ssh All packets are dropped, and the count of packets for the last rule is 0 ... How i have to modify my configuration? Thank you. Regards Marco

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  • How can I implement ansible with per-host passwords, securely?

    - by supervacuo
    I would like to use ansible to manage a group of existing servers. I have created an ansible_hosts file, and tested successfully (with the -K option) with commands that only target a single host ansible -i ansible_hosts host1 --sudo -K # + commands ... My problem now is that the user passwords on each host are different, but I can't find a way of handling this in Ansible. Using -K, I am only prompted for a single sudo password up-front, which then seems to be tried for all subsequent hosts without prompting: host1 | ... host2 | FAILED => Incorrect sudo password host3 | FAILED => Incorrect sudo password host4 | FAILED => Incorrect sudo password host5 | FAILED => Incorrect sudo password Research so far: a StackOverflow question with one incorrect answer ("use -K") and one response by the author saying "Found out I needed passwordless sudo" the Ansible docs, which say "Use of passwordless sudo makes things easier to automate, but it’s not required." (emphasis mine) this security StackExchange question which takes it as read that NOPASSWD is required article "Scalable and Understandable Provisioning..." which says: "running sudo may require typing a password, which is a sure way of blocking Ansible forever. A simple fix is to run visudo on the target host, and make sure that the user Ansible will use to login does not have to type a password" article "Basic Ansible Playbooks", which says "Ansible could log into the target server as root and avoid the need for sudo, or let the ansible user have sudo without a password, but the thought of doing either makes my spleen threaten to leap up my gullet and block my windpipe, so I don’t" My thoughts exactly, but then how to extend beyond a single server? ansible issue #1227, "Ansible should ask for sudo password for all users in a playbook", which was closed a year ago by mpdehaan with the comment "Haven't seen much demand for this, I think most people are sudoing from only one user account or using keys most of the time." So... how are people using Ansible in situations like these? Setting NOPASSWD in /etc/sudoers, reusing password across hosts or enabling root SSH login all seem rather drastic reductions in security.

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  • Need a place to store a few bytes of meta information on storage media

    - by Jason C
    I'm working on an embedded project. I need a place to store some filesystem-independent meta information on a storage device. The device has an MSDOS partition table. The device also may have unallocated space (depending on its size) but it will be TRIMmed (and also may be blown away by new partitions in the future). I need a location on the device that is not unallocated and that has a low risk of being touched (outside of completely erasing the device). The device is only guaranteed to have an MBR at the point the meta data needs to first be written; meaning there are no EBRs/VBRs present that I could use. There are 446 bytes at the very start of the device available for MBR bootstrap code. Currently my only idea is to store data at the end of this block. However, the device is bootable and I have no way of knowing if I'd be blowing away bootstrap code or not. The sector size is 512 bytes and the MBR is the first sector, I'm pretty sure (correct me if I'm wrong) that that means the second sector is available for use by partition data, so I can't use that either. Does anybody have any ideas? I need 4 bytes of space.

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  • What's going on with traceroute?

    - by Kevin
    The following is what happens when I run traceroute from a certain location: # traceroute google.com traceroute to google.com (74.125.227.39), 30 hops max, 60 byte packets 1 gateway.local.enactpc.com (10.0.0.1) 0.138 ms 0.101 ms 0.084 ms 2 * * * 3 * * * 4 * * * 5 * * * 6 * * * 7 * * * 8 * * * 9 * * * 10 * * * 11 * * * 12 * * * 13 * * * 14 * * * 15 * * * 16 * * * 17 * * * 18 * * * 19 * * * 20 * * * 21 * * * 22 * * * 23 * * * 24 * * * 25 * * * 26 * * * 27 * * * 28 * * * 29 * * * 30 * * * Absolutely nothing of interest... Now, originally I thought this was just a fact of the location's network set up. (I assume they block pings or something...) However, watch what happens when I use nmap to run a traceroute... # nmap -sP --traceroute google.com Starting Nmap 5.21 ( http://nmap.org ) at 2012-09-25 22:18 CDT Nmap scan report for google.com (74.125.227.40) Host is up (0.034s latency). Hostname google.com resolves to 11 IPs. Only scanned 74.125.227.40 rDNS record for 74.125.227.40: dfw06s06-in-f8.1e100.net TRACEROUTE (using proto 1/icmp) HOP RTT ADDRESS 1 0.19 ms gateway.local.enactpc.com (10.0.0.1) 2 1.93 ms 99-20-92-1.lightspeed.austtx.sbcglobal.net (99.20.92.1) 3 25.61 ms 99-20-92-2.lightspeed.austtx.sbcglobal.net (99.20.92.2) 4 ... 6 7 23.68 ms 12.83.68.137 8 31.30 ms gar23.dlstx.ip.att.net (12.122.85.73) 9 ... 10 31.82 ms 72.14.233.65 11 32.27 ms 209.85.250.77 12 32.98 ms dfw06s06-in-f8.1e100.net (74.125.227.40) Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 3.29 seconds When using nmap I get A LOT more results than with traceroute, why? Note, I checked, and the difference in target IP addresses is not related...

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  • Windows Server 2008 ignores any change made to firewall

    - by Maurice Courtois
    I have been trying for the last 2 hours to make my Windows Server 2008 answer ping. I have tried almost every single solution I have found on the web, so far nothing work. My current setup: 2 NIC (1x Internet connection, 1x Local network) Server act as VPN server. So I set the corresponding NIC as either Public or Private. I also enable the rule for "File and Printer Sharing (Echo Request...)" for all Nic and from any IPs. I always been able to ping from the local network or the local ip while connected to the VPN. I also tried to create a specific rule for ICMP ping and disabling the firewall for all but the public nic. Regardless of all this, I still can't ping that server from Internet. Any idea suggestion what could cause this? I have the impression that when you set the server as VPN (I switch the box on when setting it up to block everything else than VPN connection) that changing anything to the firewall setting thought mmc is pointless !?!?

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  • How do I log back into a Windows Server 2003 guest OS after Hyper-V integration services installs and breaks my domain logins?

    - by Warren P
    After installing Hyper-V integration services, I appear to have a problem with logging in to my Windows Server 2003 virtual machine. Incorrect passwords and logins give the usual error message, but a correct login/password gives me this message: Windows cannot connect to the domain, either because the domain controller is down or otherwise unavailable, or because your computer account was not found. Please try again later. If this message continues to appear, contact your system administrator for assistance. Nothing pleases me more than Microsoft telling me (the ersatz system administrator) to contact my system administrator for help, when I suspect that I'm hooped. The virtual machine has a valid network connection, and has decided to invalidate all my previous logins on this account, so I can't log in and remotely fix anything, and I can't remotely connect to it from outside either. This appears to be a catch 22. Unfortunately I don't know any non-domain local logins for this virtual machine, so I suspect I am basically hooped, or that I need ophcrack. is there any alternative to ophcrack? Second and related question; I used Disk2VHD to do the conversion, and I could log in fine several times, until after the Hyper-V integration services were installed, then suddenly this happens and I can't log in now - was there something I did wrong? I can't get networking working inside the VM BEFORE I install integration services, and at the very moment that integration services is being installed, I'm getting locked out like this. I probably should always know the local login of any machine I'm upgrading so I don't get stuck like this in the future.... great. Now I am reminded again of this.

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  • Almost All Xenserver Logical Volumes Disappeared - Recovery?

    - by Alex
    We had a hard disc crash of one of two hard discs in a software raid with a LVM on top. The server is running Citrix xenserver. On the hard disk which is still intact, the volume group gets detected well, but only one LV is left. (some hashes replaced by "x") # lvdisplay --- Logical volume --- LV Name /dev/VG_XenStorage-x-x-x-x-408b91acdcae/MGT VG Name VG_XenStorage-x-x-x-x-408b91acdcae LV UUID x-x-x-x-x-x-vQmZ6C LV Write Access read/write LV Status available # open 0 LV Size 4.00 MiB Current LE 1 Segments 1 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors auto - currently set to 256 Block device 253:0 root@rescue ~ # vgdisplay --- Volume group --- VG Name VG_XenStorage-x-x-x-x-408b91acdcae System ID Format lvm2 Metadata Areas 1 Metadata Sequence No 4 VG Access read/write VG Status resizable MAX LV 0 Cur LV 1 Open LV 0 Max PV 0 Cur PV 1 Act PV 1 VG Size 698.62 GiB PE Size 4.00 MiB Total PE 178848 Alloc PE / Size 1 / 4.00 MiB Free PE / Size 178847 / 698.62 GiB VG UUID x-x-x-x-x-x-53w0kL I could understand if a full physical volume is lost - but why only the logical volumes? Is there any explanation for this? Is there any way to recover the logical volumes? EDIT We are here in a rescue system. The problem is that the whole server does not boot (GRUB error 22) What we are trying to do is to access the root filesystem. But everything was in the LVM. We have only this: (parted) print Model: ATA SAMSUNG HD753LJ (scsi) Disk /dev/sdb: 750GB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: msdos Number Start End Size Type File system Flags 1 32.3kB 750GB 750GB primary boot, lvm And this 750GB LVM volume is exactly what we see on top. edit2 Output of vgcfgrestore, but from the rescue system, as there is no root to chroot to. # vgcfgrestore --list VG_XenStorage-x-b4b0-x-x-408b91acdcae File: /etc/lvm/archive/VG_XenStorage-x-x-x-x-408b91acdcae_00000.vg VG name: VG_XenStorage-x-x-x-x-408b91acdcae Description: Created *before* executing '/sbin/vgscan --ignorelockingfailure --mknodes' Backup Time: Fri Jun 28 23:53:20 2013 File: /etc/lvm/backup/VG_XenStorage-x-x-x-x-408b91acdcae VG name: VG_XenStorage-x-x-x-x-408b91acdcae Description: Created *after* executing '/sbin/vgscan --ignorelockingfailure --mknodes' Backup Time: Fri Jun 28 23:53:20 2013

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  • Bad performance with Linux software RAID5 and LUKS encryption

    - by Philipp Wendler
    I have set up a Linux software RAID5 on three hard drives and want to encrypt it with cryptsetup/LUKS. My tests showed that the encryption leads to a massive performance decrease that I cannot explain. The RAID5 is able to write 187 MB/s [1] without encryption. With encryption on top of it, write speed is down to about 40 MB/s. The RAID has a chunk size of 512K and a write intent bitmap. I used -c aes-xts-plain -s 512 --align-payload=2048 as the parameters for cryptsetup luksFormat, so the payload should be aligned to 2048 blocks of 512 bytes (i.e., 1MB). cryptsetup luksDump shows a payload offset of 4096. So I think the alignment is correct and fits to the RAID chunk size. The CPU is not the bottleneck, as it has hardware support for AES (aesni_intel). If I write on another drive (an SSD with LVM) that is also encrypted, I do have a write speed of 150 MB/s. top shows that the CPU usage is indeed very low, only the RAID5 xor takes 14%. I also tried putting a filesystem (ext4) directly on the unencrypted RAID so see if the layering is problem. The filesystem decreases the performance a little bit as expected, but by far not that much (write speed varying, but 100 MB/s). Summary: Disks + RAID5: good Disks + RAID5 + ext4: good Disks + RAID5 + encryption: bad SSD + encryption + LVM + ext4: good The read performance is not affected by the encryption, it is 207 MB/s without and 205 MB/s with encryption (also showing that CPU power is not the problem). What can I do to improve the write performance of the encrypted RAID? [1] All speed measurements were done with several runs of dd if=/dev/zero of=DEV bs=100M count=100 (i.e., writing 10G in blocks of 100M). Edit: If this helps: I'm using Ubuntu 11.04 64bit with Linux 2.6.38. Edit2: The performance stays approximately the same if I pass a block size of 4KB, 1MB or 10MB to dd.

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  • Formula-based Excel page headers

    - by Jake Krohn
    I'm using the "Rows to repeat at top" function in Excel's "Page Setup" dialog to ensure that a multi-row header block appears on every printed page of my worksheet. However, I'd like to be able to change certain bits of the header based on the content of the current page. I would simply like to display the value of one cell in the first row that is printed on the page. If this is my header: Section: xx And the data looks like this (columns are Section and Name): 1 Foo 1 Bar 2 Baz I want the "xx" in the header to be "1". If, further down on the next page, the value in the Section column is "3", I want that printed in the header of the next page. I originally thought that using the "OFFSET" function might help, e.g. ="Section: "&OFFSET(A2, 1, 0) But it only shows the offset from the original placement of the header, thus only working on page 1. The end document is a PDF, so right now I'm able to go back in with the "TouchUp Text Tool" in Acrobat and add the numbers page by page. But it gets to be a tedious process with 70+ page reports. Anyone have any better ideas that don't require me mucking up the original Excel document with inserted headers every N lines? This is Excel 2008 for Mac, if it makes a difference.

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  • The best way to hide data Encryption,Connection,Hardware

    - by Tico Raaphorst
    So to say, if i have a VPS which i own now, and i wanted to make the most secure and stable system that i can make. How would i do that? Just to try: I installed debian 7 with LVM Encryption via installation: You get the 2 partitions a /boot and a encrypted partition. When booting you will be prompted to fill in the password to unlock the encryption of the encrypted partition, Which then will have more partitions like /home /usr and swapspace which will automatically mount. Now, i do need to fill in the password over a VNC-SSL connection via the control panel website of the VPS hoster, so they can see my disk encryption password if they wanted to, they have the option if they wanted to look at what i have as data right? Data encryption on VPS , Is it possible to have a 100% secure virtual private server? So lets say i have my server and it is sitting well locked next to me, with the following examples covered bios (you have to replace bios) raid (you have to unlock raid-config) disk (you have to unlock disk encryption) filelike-zip-tar (files are stored in encrypted archives) which are in some other crypted file mounted as partition (archives mounted as partitions) all on the same system So it will be slow but it would be extremely difficult to crack the encryption. So to say if you stole the server. Then i only need to make the connection like ssh safer with single use passwords, block all incoming and outgoing connections but give one "exception" for myself. And maybe one for if i somehow lose my identity for the "exeption" What other overkill but realistic security options are available, i have heard about SElinux?

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  • configure a Macbook Pro to use external monitor at boot (Debian Linux)

    - by Eric
    In the spirit of reuse, I've installed Debian (version 6.0.5 "squeeze") on my wife’s old Macbook Pro (circa 2009 or so), to repurpose it for various tasks. The catch is the display is flaky. It will last a random amount of time, between 2 minutes and 2 hours, before freezing and graying out. This is a known issue with that generation of MBP. Fortunately it’s no problem for me, as I plan to use it with an external monitor anyway. Which brings us to the problem: How do I configure this thing to output to the external display by default, and hopefully disable the built-in LCD? The ideal solution would be to modify a setting in the EFI (BIOS), but I’m not holding out much hope for that. Next best thing would be a kernel option I can pass to the NVIDIA driver. What won’t work is a solution that doesn’t give me a display until X starts. I need to have console access, especially given that the built-in LCD is dying, and any day now might give out completely. So far I haven’t been able to find anything online. lspci says I’ve got an NVIDIA GeForce 9400M Help is much appreciated! Eric PS if this question is better suited to the Unix & Linux area, pls advise and I will move it.

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  • Is Ubuntu a viable replacement of Windows XP for small enterprise environments?

    - by Alex. S.
    Hi all, I'm a newbie systems administrator, so any advice would be great. I would like to setup ubuntu 8.04 lts in a small office of consulting in management (around 50 workstations) instead of Windows XP. I would install MS Office 2007 via WINE (*). It would be a fresh installation, so the migration would be less of a pain. The new setup would also include a small server as document repository and a backup server by now. Later, I would install another goodies like a IM server, a document management solution, and whatnot collaborative tool. What do you advice in this scenario? Do you think is viable? Should I try to convince my managers this is a good idea? I consider myself as a fair experienced user in both systems, and I'm the only guy in charge of everything. I need to cut costs down, and I think that antivirus and antimalware software are a waste of money and time. Is this good idea?, or should I resign and try to lock down the Windows systems and install AV software? Is there anything else in this setup I'm not foreseeing? (*) The only catch in my test machine until now had been that Office SmartArt doesn't work properly, the rest of Office 2007 may seem ok.

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  • mount.nfs: access denied by server while mounting (Kerberos authentication)

    - by Nick
    There's plenty of references to this error on Goggle, and even a question here with the same title, but it seems that "access denied by server while mounting" is a catch-all error. I've tried suggestions that others have used to fix this problem, but they did not work in my case. I'm trying to set-up a Kerberos-based NFS file server with shared homes for a Linux network. I'm using Ubuntu 11.04 Servers and clients. When trying to mount a share using: mount 192.168.1.115:/export/home/ /media/tmp I get: mount.nfs: access denied by server while mounting 192.168.1.115:/export/home/ This is the same if I mount it from a client machine or from the server itself. On the server, in /var/log/syslog I get: Aug 25 06:22:37 nfs mountd[1580]: authenticated mount request from 192.168.1.115:835 for /export/home (/export/home) Aug 25 06:22:37 nfs mountd[1580]: authenticated unmount request from 192.168.1.115:766 for /export/home (/export/home) Which is odd, since it says it's authenticated the request, not denying it. /etc/exports: /export *(rw,fsid=0,crossmnt,insecure,async,no_subtree_check,sec=krb5p:krb5i:krb5) /export/home *(rw,insecure,async,no_subtree_check,sec=krb5p:krb5i:krb5) On client: me@dt1:/$ rpcinfo -p 192.168.1.115 program vers proto port 100000 2 tcp 111 portmapper 100024 1 udp 37320 status 100024 1 tcp 48460 status 100003 2 tcp 2049 nfs 100003 3 tcp 2049 nfs 100003 4 tcp 2049 nfs 100227 2 tcp 2049 100227 3 tcp 2049 100003 2 udp 2049 nfs 100003 3 udp 2049 nfs 100003 4 udp 2049 nfs 100227 2 udp 2049 100227 3 udp 2049 100021 1 udp 58625 nlockmgr 100021 3 udp 58625 nlockmgr 100021 4 udp 58625 nlockmgr 100021 1 tcp 49616 nlockmgr 100021 3 tcp 49616 nlockmgr 100021 4 tcp 49616 nlockmgr 100005 1 udp 45627 mountd 100005 1 tcp 60265 mountd 100005 2 udp 45627 mountd 100005 2 tcp 60265 mountd 100005 3 udp 45627 mountd 100005 3 tcp 60265 mountd Any suggestions I could try?

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  • Large, high performance object or key/value store for HTTP serving on Linux

    - by Tommy
    I have a service that serves images to end users at a very high rate using plain HTTP. The images vary between 4 and 64kbytes, and there are 1.300.000.000 of them in total. The dataset is about 30TiB in size and changes (new objects, updates, deletes) make out less than 1% of the requests. The number of requests pr. second vary from 240 to 9000 and is dispersed pretty much all over, with few objects being especially "hot". As of now, these images are files on a ext3 filesystem distributed read only across a large amount of mid range servers. This poses several problems: Using a fileysystem is very inefficient since the metadata size is large, the inode/dentry cache is volatile on linux and some daemons tend to stat()/readdir() it's way through the directory structure, which in my case becomes very expensive. Updating the dataset is very time consuming and requires remounting between set A and B. The only reasonable handling is operating on the block device for backup, copying, etc. What I would like is a deamon that: speaks HTTP (get, put, delete and perhaps update) stores data it in an efficient structure. The index should remain in memory, and considering the amount of objects, the overhead must be small. The software should be able to handle massive connections with slow (if any) time needed to ramp up. Index should be read in memory at startup. Statistics would be nice, but not mandatory. I have experimented a bit with riak, redis, mongodb, kyoto and varnish with persistent storage, but I haven't had the chance to dig in really deep yet.

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  • Ubuntu 9.04: Ripping CDs with grip?

    - by chris
    I tried to rip a CD tonight, and couldn't figure out how to configure grip - /dev/cdrom doesn't seem to be the mount point for music CDs any more. How can I configure grip to find CDs? Update: /etc/fstab has /dev/scd0 /media/cdrom0 udf,iso9660 user,noauto,exec,utf8 0 0 But there's nothing visible in /media/cdrom0 (or /media/cdrom, which is a symlink to cdrom0) There's an icon on the desktop labeled "Audio Disk" and opening it shows the .wav files on the CD. The location is cdda://sr0/, but grip doesn't like that either. Trying to manually mount /dev/sr0, I get $ sudo mount -t auto /dev/sr0 foo/ mount: block device /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only mount: you must specify the filesystem type Update 2: Tried to change the media handling preferences (From a file browser, Edit-Preferences, Media, CD Audio) to "Do Nothing". CD Still doesn't mount. Update 3: With an audio CD in the drive: $ ls -l /dev/ | grep cd lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 3 2009-09-15 22:13 cdrom1 -> sr0 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 3 2009-09-15 22:13 cdrw1 -> sr0 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 60 2009-09-15 22:13 pktcdvd lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 3 2009-09-15 22:13 scd0 -> sr0 crw-rw----+ 1 root cdrom 21, 2 2009-09-15 22:13 sg2 brw-rw----+ 1 root cdrom 11, 0 2009-09-15 22:13 sr0

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