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  • How should I build a simple database package for my python application?

    - by Carson Myers
    I'm building a database library for my application using sqlite3 as the base. I want to structure it like so: db/ __init__.py users.py blah.py etc.py So I would do this in Python: import db db.users.create('username', 'password') I'm suffering analysis paralysis (oh no!) about how to handle the database connection. I don't really want to use classes in these modules, it doesn't really seem appropriate to be able to create a bunch of "users" objects that can all manipulate the same database in the same ways -- so inheriting a connection is a no-go. Should I have one global connection to the database that all the modules use, and then put this in each module: #users.py from db_stuff import connection Or should I create a new connection for each module and keep that alive? Or should I create a new connection for every transaction? How are these database connections supposed to be used? The same goes for cursor objects: Do I create a new cursor for each transaction? Create just one for each database connection?

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  • Many-to-one relationship in SQLAlchemy

    - by Arrieta
    This is a beginner-level question. I have a catalog of mtypes: mtype_id name 1 'mtype1' 2 'mtype2' [etc] and a catalog of Objects, which must have an associated mtype: obj_id mtype_id name 1 1 'obj1' 2 1 'obj2' 3 2 'obj3' [etc] I am trying to do this in SQLAlchemy by creating the following schemas: mtypes_table = Table('mtypes', metadata, Column('mtype_id', Integer, primary_key=True), Column('name', String(50), nullable=False, unique=True), ) objs_table = Table('objects', metadata, Column('obj_id', Integer, primary_key=True), Column('mtype_id', None, ForeignKey('mtypes.mtype_id')), Column('name', String(50), nullable=False, unique=True), ) mapper(MType, mtypes_table) mapper(MyObject, objs_table, properties={'mtype':Relationship(MType, backref='objs', cascade="all, delete-orphan")} ) When I try to add a simple element like: mtype1 = MType('mtype1') obj1 = MyObject('obj1') obj1.mtype=mtype1 session.add(obj1) I get the error: AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'cascade_iterator' Any ideas?

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  • Updating a composite primary key

    - by VBCSharp
    I am struggling with the philosophical discussions about whether or not to use composite primary keys on my SQL Server database. I have always used the surrogate keys in the past and I am challenging myself by leaving my comfort zone to try something different. I have read many discussion but can't come to any kind of solution yet. The struggle I am having is when I have to update a record with the composite PK. For example, the record in questions is like this: ContactID, RoleID, EffectiveDate, TerminationDT. The PK in this case is the ContactID, RoleID, and EffectiveDate. TerminationDT can be null. If in my UI, the user changes the RoleID and then I need to update the record. Using the surrogate key I can do an Update Table Set RoleID = 1 WHERE surrogateID = Z. However, using the Composite Key way, once one of the fields in the composite key changes I have no way to reference the old record to update it without now maintaining somewhere in the UI a reference to the old values. I do not bind datasources in my UI. I open a connection, get the data and store it in a bucket, then close the connection. What are everyone's opinions? Thanks.

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  • How do I write a Java text file viewer for big log files

    - by Hannes de Jager
    I am working on a software product with an integrated log file viewer. Problem is, its slow and unstable for really large files because it reads the whole file into memory when you view a log file. I'm wanting to write a new log file viewer that addresses this problem. What are the best practices for writing viewers for large text files? How does editors like notepad++ and VIM acomplish this? I was thinking of using a buffered Bi-directional text stream reader together with Java's TableModel. Am I thinking along the right lines and are such stream implementations available for Java?

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  • PHP 5 functioning returning an array- interaction without assignment?

    - by Lee
    I'm wondering if this kind of thing will ever be possible in PHP (and whether it already is and I'm just missing something...) <?php function test() { return array( 'id'=>10, 'name'=>'John' ); } echo 'Your name is: '.test()['name']; ?> I'd really like to be able to use returned arrays directly instead of first assigning them to a var... possible?

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  • C++ Iterator Pipelining Designs

    - by Kirakun
    Suppose we want to apply a series of transformations, int f1(int), int f2(int), int f3(int), to a list of objects. A naive way would be SourceContainer source; TempContainer1 temp1; transform(source.begin(), source.end(), back_inserter(temp1), f1); TempContainer2 temp2; transform(temp1.begin(), temp1.end(), back_inserter(temp2), f2); TargetContainer target; transform(temp2.begin(), temp2.end(), back_inserter(target), f3); This first solution is not optimal because of the extra space requirement with temp1 and temp2. So, let's get smarter with this: int f123(int n) { return f3(f2(f1(n))); } ... SourceContainer source; TargetContainer target; transform(source.begin(), source.end(), back_inserter(target), f123); This second solution is much better because not only the code is simpler but more importantly there is less space requirement without the intermediate calculations. However, the composition f123 must be determined at compile time and thus is fixed at run time. How would I try to do this efficiently if the composition is to be determined at run time? For example, if this code was in a RPC service and the actual composition--which can be any permutation of f1, f2, and f3--is based on arguments from the RPC call.

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  • Drawbacks of using an integer as a bitfield?

    - by Mark
    I have a bunch of boolean options for things like "accepted payment types" which can include things like cash, credit card, cheque, paypal, etc. Rather than having a half dozen booleans in my DB, I can just use an integer and assign each payment method an integer, like so PAYMENT_METHODS = ( (1<<0, 'Cash'), (1<<1, 'Credit Card'), (1<<2, 'Cheque'), (1<<3, 'Other'), ) and then query the specific bit in python to retrieve the flag. I know this means the database can't index by specific flags, but are there any other drawbacks?

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  • Naming of boolean column in database table

    - by Space Cracker
    I have 'Service' table and the following column description as below Is User Verification Required for service ? Is User's Email Activation Required for the service ? Is User's Mobile Activation required for the service ? I Hesitate in naming these columns as below IsVerificationRequired IsEmailActivationRequired IsMobileActivationRequired or RequireVerification RequireEmailActivation RequireMobileActivation I can't determined which way is the best .So, Is one of the above suggested name is the best or is there other better ones ?

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  • Building a structure/object in a place other than the constructor

    - by Vishal Naidu
    I have different types of objects representing the same business entity. UIObject, PowershellObject, DevCodeModelObject, WMIObject all are different representation to the same entity. So say if the entity is Animal then I have AnimalUIObject, AnimalPSObject, AnimalModelObject, AnimalWMIObject, etc. Now the implementations of AnimalUIObject, AnimalPSObject, AnimalModelObject are all in separate assemblies. Now my scenario is I want to verify the contents of business entity Animal irrespective of the assembly it came from. So I created a GenericAnimal class to represent the Animal entity. Now in GenericAnimal I added the following constructors: GenericAnimal(AnimalUIObject) GenericAnimal(AnimalPSObject) GenericAnimal(AnimalModelObject) Basically I made GenericAnimal depend on all the underlying assemblies so that while verifying I deal with this abstraction. Now the other approach to do this is have GenericAnimal with an empty constructor an allow these underlying assemblies to have a Transform() method which would build the GenericAnimal. Both approaches have some pros and cons: The 1st approach: Pros: All construction logic is in one place in one class GenericAnimal Cons: GenericAnimal class must be touched every-time there is a new representation form. The 2nd approach: Pros: construction responsibility is delegated to the underlying assembly. Cons: As construction logic is spread accross assemblies, tomorrow if I need to add a property X in GenericAnimal then I have to touch all the assemblies to change the Transform method. Which approach looks better ? or Which would you consider a lesser evil ? Is there any alternative way better than the above two ?

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  • How do you manage web navigation info in your application?

    - by Dave
    I’m building an application where different users will have different menu items available to them depending on what they’ve paid for. There will also be multiple levels to the menu hierarchy. What’s the best approach to this problem? I’m assuming I need a database table that represents the menu hierarchy, including the parent-child relationships of the nodes in the navigation as well as the sorting of the items. Then another table which I use to manage whether a user is authorized to access a particular item in that table. When I render the view, I’d reference the menus, and the access rights of the user to output the menu, and I’d also need a function to check that same authorization from each controller in case a user manually types in a URL of a controller they’re not supposed to have access to. Is this the right approach? Any suggestions for caching this to prevent the constant look-ups of this type of info? I’m open to any suggestions on how you may have approached this type of requirement.

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  • Arrow in nav menus in CSS/JS (e.g. playframework.org)

    - by manmal
    The navigation menu at the top of the www.playframework.org site features a small arrow pointing upward for the currently selected section (Home, Learn, Download,...). I tried to get behind the implementation they used, but I can't wrap my head around it - the resource does not show up in Chrome's Resources window, and an inspection of the elements did not show any signs of a background image, nor a JS interceptor (although I might have missed that). What in hellhound's name is going on there? :)

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  • Elegant and 'correct' multiton implementation in Objective C?

    - by submachine
    Would you call this implementation of a multiton in objective-c 'elegant'? I have programmatically 'disallowed' use of alloc and allocWithZone: because the decision to allocate or not allocate memory needs to be done based on a key. I know for sure that I need to work with only two instances, so I'm using 'switch-case' instead of a map. #import "Multiton.h" static Multiton *firstInstance = nil; static Multiton *secondInstance = nil; @implementation Multiton + (Multiton *) sharedInstanceForDirection:(char)direction { return [[self allocWithKey:direction] init]; } + (id) allocWithKey:(char)key { return [self allocWithZone:nil andKey:key]; } + (id)allocWithZone:(NSZone *)zone andKey:(char)key { Multiton **sharedInstance; @synchronized(self) { switch (key) { case KEY_1: sharedInstance = &firstInstance; break; case KEY_2: sharedInstance = &secondInstance; break; default: [NSException raise:NSInvalidArgumentException format:@"Invalid key"]; break; } if (*sharedInstance == nil) *sharedInstance = [super allocWithZone:zone]; } return *sharedInstance; } + (id) allocWithZone:(NSZone *)zone { //Do not allow use of alloc and allocWithZone [NSException raise:NSObjectInaccessibleException format:@"Use allocWithZone:andKey: or allocWithKey:"]; return nil; } - (id) copyWithZone:(NSZone *)zone { return self; } - (id) retain { return self; } - (unsigned) retainCount { return NSUIntegerMax; } - (void) release { return; } - (id) autorelease { return self; } - (id) init { [super init]; return self; } PS: I've not tried out if this works as yet, but its compiling cleanly :)

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  • using partials in view helpers

    - by takeshin
    Creating custom Zend View helpers I often end up with something like: // logic here if ($condition) { $output = <<<EOS... } else { $output = <<<EOS... } or using switch. Then to eliminate this, I create setPartial(), getPartial() and htmlize() for using external .phtml's. This is not the best solution, because partials do not support doctype changing. Is there any better solution, than creating abstract class handling this common case? Are there any ready Zend solutions for this case? Separate view helper for each case? And where to put common code?

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  • Hide or Disable? In this example and in general...

    - by George
    I have the following set of controls. Scenario 1: If you select one of the first 3 radio buttons and click enter, focus will jump to the Passport Number text box. If the user selects "Other", the "Other, Please Specify" textbox is enabled and, for convenience, screen focus (the cursor is moved) to that textbox. Scenario 2: The "specify Other" text box is hidden until the user clicks on the Other Radio button. Upon doing so, the textbox is made visible and the cursor is placed in this textbox. Which scenario do you feel is a better approach? Perhaps you have another variation? Please state your reasoning. I would also appreciate it if you could make a generalized statement as to when hiding is better than disabling or vice versa, but I am also interested in this particular example. Thanks. Afetrthought: Perhaps, in the 2nd example, the "Please Specify" text would only appear after the user has selected the 'Other' radio button.

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  • How to use multiple identity numbers in one table?

    - by vincer
    I have an web application that creates printable forms, these forms have a unique number on them, the problem is I have 2 forms that separate numbers need to be created for them. ie) Form1- Numbered 2000000-2999999 Form2- Numbered 3000000-3999999 dbo.test2 - is my form information table Tsel - is my autoinc table for the 3000000 series numbers Tadv - is my autoinc table for the 2000000 series numbers What I have done is create 2 tables with just autoinc row (one for 2000000 series numbers and one for 3000000 series numbers), I then created a trigger to add a record to the coresponding table, read back the autoinc number and add it to my table that stores the form information including the just created autoinc number for the right series of forms. Although it does work, I'm concerned that the numbers will get messed up under load. I'm not sure the @@IDENTITY will always return the right value when many people are using the system. (I cannot have duplicates and I need to use the numbering form show above. See code below. ** TRIGGER ** CREATE TRIGGER MAKEANID2 ON dbo.test2 AFTER INSERT AS SET NOCOUNT ON declare @someid int declare @someid2 int declare @startfrom int declare @test1 varchar(10) select @someid=@@IDENTITY select @test1 = (Select name1 from test2 where sysid = @someid ) if @test1 = 'select' begin insert into Tsel Default values select @someid2 = @@IDENTITY end if @test1 = 'adv' begin insert into Tadv Default values select @someid2 = @@IDENTITY end update test2 set name2=(@someid2) where sysid = @someid SET NOCOUNT OFF

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  • Doubleton Pattern Implementation

    - by Pierreten
    I'm leveraging the Doubleton Pattern from this link http://www.codeproject.com/KB/architecture/designpattern_doubleton.aspx in my own code. I think it makes things a lot easier since the Singleton only provides one instance, but I get two with this pattern. I was wondering if it would make sense to have it implement an interface so I can inject it into my domain layer.

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  • Using an interface as a constructor parameter in Java?

    - by aperson
    How would I be able to accomplish the following: public class testClass implements Interface { public testClass(Interface[] args) { } } So that I could declare Interface testObject = new testClass(new class1(4), new class2(5)); Where class1 and class2 are also classes that implement Interface. Also, once I accomplish this, how would I be able to refer to each individual parameter taken in to be used in testClass? Thanks :)

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  • What is the role of the Router Object in MVC based frameworks

    - by Saif Bechan
    In most MVC based framework I see a router object. If I look at it splits up the uri and decides what controller should be used, and which action should be fired. Even though this makes a lot of sense, I can not give this a place in the MVC patern. Is splitting up the uri not the job of the controller. And then the controller should just decide which class and function to run.

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  • How to Read texfile etch.. from Application folder where Application is Installed?

    - by Crimsonland
    I Added textfile on my Application Folder where the application is also located. I having a problem where to locate and read the content of the texfile regarding what location the users specify the application to be installed. Example: CASE 1: If Application Installed on C Get the path of: C:\Textfile.txt CASE 2:If Application Installed on Program files Get the path of C:\Program Files\Default Company Name\Textfile.Text Thanks in Regards.

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  • Best practice for near reuse of model components?

    - by Chris Knight
    I have a requirement to use a Fund model in my code. It will contain a fund name and fund code. In the interest of reuse I've poked around the package containing the other models used and found an existing Fund model. However the issue here is that, in addition to fund name and code, it also contains an amount. Amount isn't directly relevant in my context. So, do I: 1) Use the existing Fund model as is, ignoring the setters/getters for fund amount. 2) Put a FundDescription interface onto the existing Fund model for accessing only the information I'm interested in. 3) Make a FundDescription base class from which the existing Fund model could now extend 4) Create a whole new seperate model since the two are slightly contextually different

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  • how to implement this observer pattern?

    - by lethal
    Hello. I have 4 classes, that describe state diagram. Node, Edge, ComponentOfNode, ComponentOfEdge. ComponentOfEdge compounds from ComponentsOfNode. Node can have 0..n outgoing edges. Edge can have only 2 nodes. Edge should be able to offer ComponentOfNode, but only from nodes that Edge has, in form ComponentOfEdge. The user can change ComponentsOfNode. I need this change spreads to all Edge. Hw to do it? I expect the observer should be used. Can you give me example in pseudocode please?

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  • Should we avoid to use Object as the input parameter/ output value of a method?

    - by developer.cyrus
    Take Java syntax as an example, though the question itself is language independent. If the following snippet takes an object MyAbstractEmailTemplate as input argument in the method setTemplate, the class MyGateway will then become tightly-coupled with the object MyAbstractEmailTemplate, which lessens the re-usability of the class MyGateway. A compromise is to use dependency-injection to ease the instantiation of MyAbstractEmailTemplate. This might solve the coupling problem to some extent, but the interface is still rigid, hardly providing enough ?exibility to other developers/ applications. So if we only use primitive data type (or even plain XML in web service) as the input/ output of a method, it seems the coupling problem no longer exists. So what do you think? public class MyGateway { protected MyAbstractEmailTemplate template; publoc void setTemplate(MyAbstractEmailTemplate template) { this.template = template; } }

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  • How can I build a voting system to support multiple types of objects to vote on?

    - by Kyle Hayes
    I'm really looking for something very similar to the way SO is setup where a few different kinds of things can be voted on (questions AND answers). What kind of DB schema, generally, could I use to support voting on many different kinds of objects? Would I have a single Vote table that would have references to other objects in the database? Or do I have to have or should have a separate vote table for each of the objects I would like to vote on.

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