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  • strange chi-square result using scikit_learn with feature matrix

    - by user963386
    I am using scikit learn to calculate the basic chi-square statistics(sklearn.feature_selection.chi2(X, y)): def chi_square(feat,target): """ """ from sklearn.feature_selection import chi2 ch,pval = chi2(feat,target) return ch,pval chisq,p = chi_square(feat_mat,target_sc) print(chisq) print("**********************") print(p) I have 1500 samples,45 features,4 classes. The input is a feature matrix with 1500x45 and a target array with 1500 components. The feature matrix is not sparse. When I run the program and I print the arrray "chisq" with 45 components, I can see that the component 13 has a negative value and p = 1. How is it possible? Or what does it mean or what is the big mistake that I am doing? I am attaching the printouts of chisq and p: [ 9.17099260e-01 3.77439701e+00 5.35004211e+01 2.17843312e+03 4.27047184e+04 2.23204883e+01 6.49985540e-01 2.02132664e-01 1.57324454e-03 2.16322638e-01 1.85592258e+00 5.70455805e+00 1.34911126e-02 -1.71834753e+01 1.05112366e+00 3.07383691e-01 5.55694752e-02 7.52801686e-01 9.74807972e-01 9.30619466e-02 4.52669897e-02 1.08348058e-01 9.88146259e-03 2.26292358e-01 5.08579194e-02 4.46232554e-02 1.22740419e-02 6.84545170e-02 6.71339545e-03 1.33252061e-02 1.69296016e-02 3.81318236e-02 4.74945604e-02 1.59313146e-01 9.73037448e-03 9.95771327e-03 6.93777954e-02 3.87738690e-02 1.53693158e-01 9.24603716e-04 1.22473138e-01 2.73347277e-01 1.69060817e-02 1.10868365e-02 8.62029628e+00] ********************** [ 8.21299526e-01 2.86878266e-01 1.43400668e-11 0.00000000e+00 0.00000000e+00 5.59436980e-05 8.84899894e-01 9.77244281e-01 9.99983411e-01 9.74912223e-01 6.02841813e-01 1.26903019e-01 9.99584918e-01 1.00000000e+00 7.88884155e-01 9.58633878e-01 9.96573548e-01 8.60719653e-01 8.07347364e-01 9.92656816e-01 9.97473024e-01 9.90817144e-01 9.99739526e-01 9.73237195e-01 9.96995722e-01 9.97526259e-01 9.99639669e-01 9.95333185e-01 9.99853998e-01 9.99592531e-01 9.99417113e-01 9.98042114e-01 9.97286030e-01 9.83873717e-01 9.99745466e-01 9.99736512e-01 9.95239765e-01 9.97992843e-01 9.84693908e-01 9.99992525e-01 9.89010468e-01 9.64960636e-01 9.99418323e-01 9.99690553e-01 3.47893682e-02]

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  • Geocoding non-addresses: Geopy

    - by Phil Donovan
    Using geopy to geocode alcohol outlets in NZ. The problem I have is that some places do not have street addresses but are places in Google Maps. For example, plugging: Furneaux Lodge, Endeavour Inlet, Queen Charlotte Sound, Marlborough 7250 into Google Maps via the browser GUI gives me However, using that in Geopy I get a GQueryError saying this geographic location does not exist. Here is the code for geocoding: def GeoCode(address): g=geocoders.Google(domain="maps.google.co.nz") geoloc = g.geocode(address, exactly_one=False) place, (lat, lng) = geoloc[0] GeoOut = [] GeoOut.extend([place, lat, lng]) return GeoOut GeoCode("Furneaux Lodge, Endeavour Inlet, Queen Charlotte Sound, Marlboroguh 7250") Meanwhile, I notice that "Eiffel Tower" works fine. Is there away to solve this and can someone explain the difference between The Eiffel Tower and Furneaux Lodge within Google 'locations'?

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  • how do simple SQLAlchemy relationships work?

    - by Carson Myers
    I'm no database expert -- I just know the basics, really. I've picked up SQLAlchemy for a small project, and I'm using the declarative base configuration rather than the "normal" way. This way seems a lot simpler. However, while setting up my database schema, I realized I don't understand some database relationship concepts. If I had a many-to-one relationship before, for example, articles by authors (where each article could be written by only a single author), I would put an author_id field in my articles column. But SQLAlchemy has this ForeignKey object, and a relationship function with a backref kwarg, and I have no idea what any of it MEANS. I'm scared to find out what a many-to-many relationship with an intermediate table looks like (when I need additional data about each relationship). Can someone demystify this for me? Right now I'm setting up to allow openID auth for my application. So I've got this: from __init__ import Base from sqlalchemy.schema import Column from sqlalchemy.types import Integer, String class Users(Base): __tablename__ = 'users' id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True) username = Column(String, unique=True) email = Column(String) password = Column(String) salt = Column(String) class OpenID(Base): __tablename__ = 'openid' url = Column(String, primary_key=True) user_id = #? I think the ? should be replaced by Column(Integer, ForeignKey('users.id')), but I'm not sure -- and do I need to put openids = relationship("OpenID", backref="users") in the Users class? Why? What does it do? What is a backref?

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  • Sending data from one Protocol to another Protocol in Twisted?

    - by veb
    Hi! One of my protocols is connected to a server, and with the output of that I'd like to send it to the other protocol. I need to access the 'msg' method in ClassA from ClassB but I keep getting: exceptions.AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'write' Actual code: http://pastebin.com/MQPhduSY Any ideas please? :-)

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  • Django database caching

    - by hekevintran
    I have a Django form that uses an integer field to lookup a model object by its primary key. The form has a save() method that uses the model object referred to by the integer field. The model's manager's get() method is called twice, once in the clean method and once in the save() method: class MyForm(forms.Form): id_a = fields.IntegerField() def clean_id_a(user_id): id_a = self.cleaned_data['id_a'] try: # here is the first call to get MyModel.objects.get(id=id_a) except User.DoesNotExist: raise ValidationError('Object does not exist') def save(self): id_a = self.cleaned_data['id_a'] # here is the second call to get my_model_object = MyModel.objects.get(id=id_a) # do other stuff I wasn't sure whether this hits the database two times or one time so I returned the object itself in the clean method so that I could avoid a second get() call. Does calling get() hit the database two times? Or is the object cached in the thread? class MyForm(forms.Form): id_a = fields.IntegerField() def clean_id_a(user_id): id_a = self.cleaned_data['id_a'] try: # here is my workaround return MyModel.objects.get(id=id_a) except User.DoesNotExist: raise ValidationError('Object does not exist') def save(self): # looking up the cleaned value returns the model object my_model_object = self.cleaned_data['id_a'] # do other stuff

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  • SQLAlchemy: select over multiple tables

    - by ahojnnes
    Hi, I wanted to optimize my database query: link_list = select( columns=[link_table.c.rating, link_table.c.url, link_table.c.donations_in], whereclause=and_( not_(link_table.c.id.in_( select( columns=[request_table.c.recipient], whereclause=request_table.c.donator==donator.id ).as_scalar() )), link_table.c.id!=donator.id, ), limit=20, ).execute().fetchall() and tried to merge those two selects in one query: link_list = select( columns=[link_table.c.rating, link_table.c.url, link_table.c.donations_in], whereclause=and_( link_table.c.active==True, link_table.c.id!=donator.id, request_table.c.donator==donator.id, link_table.c.id!=request_table.c.recipient, ), limit=20, order_by=[link_table.c.rating.desc()] ).execute().fetchall() the database-schema looks like: link_table = Table('links', metadata, Column('id', Integer, primary_key=True, autoincrement=True), Column('url', Unicode(250), index=True, unique=True), Column('registration_date', DateTime), Column('donations_in', Integer), Column('active', Boolean), ) request_table = Table('requests', metadata, Column('id', Integer, primary_key=True, autoincrement=True), Column('recipient', Integer, ForeignKey('links.id')), Column('donator', Integer, ForeignKey('links.id')), Column('date', DateTime), ) There are several links (donator) in request_table pointing to one link in the link_table. I want to have links from link_table, which are not yet "requested". But this does not work. Is it actually possible, what I'm trying to do? If so, how would you do that? Thank you very much in advance!

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  • web2py error while using distinct in the queries

    - by Steve
    Hi, I am using web2py with GAE. While using some of the queries which has a distinct clause, GAE throws out an error.I have pasted the Traceback. Can someone please help me out with this. In FILE: /base/data/home/apps/panneersoda/1.341206242889687944/applications/init/controllers/default.py Traceback (most recent call last): File "/base/data/home/apps/panneersoda/1.341206242889687944/gluon/restricted.py", line 173, in restricted exec ccode in environment File "/base/data/home/apps/panneersoda/1.341206242889687944/applications/init/controllers/default.py:profileview", line 263, in <module> File "/base/data/home/apps/panneersoda/1.341206242889687944/gluon/globals.py", line 96, in <lambda> self._caller = lambda f: f() File "/base/data/home/apps/panneersoda/1.341206242889687944/applications/init/controllers/default.py:profileview", line 97, in profileview File "/base/data/home/apps/panneersoda/1.341206242889687944/gluon/contrib/gql.py", line 675, in select (items, tablename, fields) = self._select(*fields, **attributes) File "/base/data/home/apps/panneersoda/1.341206242889687944/gluon/contrib/gql.py", line 624, in _select raise SyntaxError, 'invalid select attribute: %s' % key SyntaxError: invalid select attribute: distinct Thanks

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  • The dictionary need to add every word in SpellingMistakes and the line number but it only adds the l

    - by Will Boomsight
    modules import sys import string Importing and reading the files form the Command Prompt Document = open(sys.argv[1],"r") Document = open('Wc.txt', 'r') Document = Document.read().lower() Dictionary = open(sys.argv[2],"r") Dictionary = open('Dict.txt', 'r') Dictionary = Dictionary.read() def Format(Infile): for ch in string.punctuation: Infile = Infile.replace(ch, "") for no in string.digits: Infile = Infile.replace(no, " ") Infile = Infile.lower() return(Infile) def Corrections(Infile, DictWords): Misspelled = set([]) Infile = Infile.split() DictWords = DictWords.splitlines() for word in Infile: if word not in DictWords: Misspelled.add(word) Misspelled = sorted(Misspelled) return (Misspelled) def Linecheck(Infile,ErrorWords): Infile = Infile.split() lineno = 0 Noset = list() for line in Infile: lineno += 1 line = line.split() for word in line: if word == ErrorWords: Noset.append(lineno) sorted(Noset) return(Noset) def addkey(error,linenum): Nodict = {} for line in linenum: Nodict.setdefault(error,[]).append(linenum) return Nodict FormatDoc = Format(Document) SpellingMistakes = Corrections(FormatDoc,Dictionary) alp = str(SpellingMistakes) for word in SpellingMistakes: nSet = str(Linecheck(FormatDoc,word)) nSet = nSet.split() linelist = addkey(word, nSet) print(linelist) # # for word in Nodict.keys(): # Nodict[word].append(line) Prints each incorrect word on a new line

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  • Intersection of two querysets in django

    - by unagimiyagi
    Hello, I can't do an AND on two querysets. As in, q1 & q2. I get the empty set and I do not know why. I have tested this with the simplest cases. I am using django 1.1.1 I have basically objects like this: item1 name="Joe" color = "blue" item2 name="Jim" color = "blue" color = "white" item3 name="John" color = "red" color = "white" Is there something weird about having a many-to-many relationship or what am I missing? queryset1 = Item.objects.filter(color="blue") this gives (item1, item2) queryset2 = Item.objects.filter(color="white") this gives (item2, item3) queryset1 & queryset2 gives me the empty set [] The OR operator works fine (I'm using "|" ) Why is this so?

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  • How to clone a mercurial repository over an ssh connection initiated by fabric when http authorizati

    - by Monika Sulik
    I'm attempting to use fabric for the first time and I really like it so far, but at a certain point in my deployment script I want to clone a mercurial repository. When I get to that point I get an error: err: abort: http authorization required My repository requires http authorization and fabric doesn't prompt me for the user and password. I can get around this by changing my repository address from: https://hostname/repository to: https://user:password@hostname/repository But for various reasons I would prefer not to go this route. Are there any other ways in which I could bypass this problem?

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  • django newbie question : cant start a new project

    - by Moayyad Yaghi
    hello . I'm totally new to django . and I'm using its documentation to get help on how to use it but seems like something is missing. i installed django using setup.py install command and i added the ( django/bin ) to system path variable but. i still cant start a new project i use the following syntax to start a project : django-admin.py startproject myNewProject but it says Type 'django-admin.py help' for usage. 1 do i miss anything ? thank u

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  • the error "invalid literal for int() with base 10:" keeps coming up

    - by ratce003
    I'm trying to write a very simple program, I want to print out the sum of all the multiples of 3 and 5 below 100, but, an error keeps accuring, saying "invalid literal for int() with base 10:" my program is as follows: sum = "" sum_int = int(sum) for i in range(1, 101): if i % 5 == 0: sum += i elif i % 3 == 0: sum += i else: sum += "" print sum Any help would be much appreciated.

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  • Problem with Replacing special characters in a string

    - by Hossein
    Hi, I am trying to feed some text to a special pupose parser. The problem with this parser is that it is sensitive to ()[] characters and in my sentence in the text have quite a lot of these characters. The manual for the parser suggests that all the ()[] get replaced with \( \) \[ \]. So using str.replace i am using to attach \ to all of those charcaters. I use the code below: a = 'abcdef(1234)' a.replace('(','\(') however i get this as my output: 'abcdef\\(1234)' What is wrong with my code? can anyone provide me a solution to solve this for these characters?

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  • Sort a list of tuples without case sensitivity

    - by dound
    How can I efficiently and easily sort a list of tuples without being sensitive to case? For example this: [('a', 'c'), ('A', 'b'), ('a', 'a'), ('a', 5)] Should look like this once sorted: [('a', 5), ('a', 'a'), ('A', 'b'), ('a', 'c')] The regular lexicographic sort will put 'A' before 'a' and yield this: [('A', 'b'), ('a', 5), ('a', 'a'), ('a', 'c')]

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  • Finding the intersection of two vector equations.

    - by Matthew Mitchell
    I've been trying to solve this and I found an equation that gives the possibility of zero division errors. Not the best thing: v1 = (a,b) v2 = (c,d) d1 = (e,f) d2 = (h,i) l1: v1 + ?d1 l2: v2 + µd2 Equation to find vector intersection of l1 and l2 programatically by re-arranging for lambda. (a,b) + ?(e,f) = (c,d) + µ(h,i) a + ?e = c + µh b +?f = d + µi µh = a + ?e - c µi = b +?f - d µ = (a + ?e - c)/h µ = (b +?f - d)/i (a + ?e - c)/h = (b +?f - d)/i a/h + ?e/h - c/h = b/i +?f/i - d/i ?e/h - ?f/i = (b/i - d/i) - (a/h - c/h) ?(e/h - f/i) = (b - d)/i - (a - c)/h ? = ((b - d)/i - (a - c)/h)/(e/h - f/i) Intersection vector = (a + ?e,b + ?f) Not sure if it would even work in some cases. I haven't tested it. I need to know how to do this for values as in that example a-i. Thank you.

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  • In Elixir or SQLAlchemy, is there a way to also store a comment for a/each field in my entities?

    - by kchau
    Our project is basically a web interface to several systems of record. We have many tables mapped, and the names of each column aren't as well named and intuitive as we'd like... The users would like to know what data fields are available (i.e. what's been mapped from the database). But, it's pointless to just give them column names like: USER_REF1, USER_REF2, etc. So, I was wondering, is there a way to provide a comment in the declaration of my field? E.g. class SegregationCode(Entity): using_options(tablename="SEGREGATION_CODES") segCode = Field(String(20), colname="CODE", ... primary_key=True) #Have a comment attr too? If not, any suggestions?

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  • Event Handling in Chaco

    - by awegawef
    When hovering over a data point in Chaco, I would like a small text box to appear, with the text I desire. Also, when I click on a data point (or close enough), I would like my program to take a certain action. I have seen relevant parts of the Chaco documentation, but implementing them has proved difficult. Any help would be appreciated. Thanks.

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  • How do I call setattr() on the current module?

    - by Matt Joiner
    What do I pass as the first parameter "object" to the function setattr(object, name, value), to set variables on the current module? For example: setattr(object, "SOME_CONSTANT", 42); giving the same effect as: SOME_CONSTANT = 42 within the module containing these lines (with the correct object). I'm generate several values at the module level dynamically, and as I can't define __getattr__ at the module level, this is my fallback.

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  • 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'data'

    - by Bill Jordan
    Hello guys, I am sending a SOAP request to my server and getting the response back. sample of the response string is shown below: <?xml version = '1.0' ?> <env:Envelope xmlns:env=http:////www.w3.org/2003/05/soap-envelop . .. .. <env:Body> <epas:get-all-config-resp xmlns:epas="urn:organization:epas:soap"> ^M ... ... <epas:property name="Tom">12</epas:property> > > <epas:property name="Alice">34</epas:property> > > <epas:property name="John">56</epas:property> > > <epas:property name="Danial">78</epas:property> > > <epas:property name="George">90</epas:property> > > <epas:property name="Luise">11</epas:property> ... ^M </env:Body? </env:Envelop> What I noticed in the response is that there is an extra character shown in the body which is "^M". Not sure if this could be the issue. Note the ^M shown! when I tried parsing the string returned from the server to get the names and values using the code sample: elements = minidom.parseString(xmldoc).getElementsByTagName("property") myDict = {} for element in elements: myDict[element.getAttribute('name')] = element.firstChild.data But, I am getting this error: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'data'. May be its something to do with the "^M" shown on the xml response back! Any ideas/comments would be appreciated, Cheers

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  • Writing good tests for Django applications

    - by Ludwik Trammer
    I've never written any tests in my life, but I'd like to start writing tests for my Django projects. I've read some articles about tests and decided to try to write some tests for an extremely simple Django app or a start. The app has two views (a list view, and a detail view) and a model with four fields: class News(models.Model): title = models.CharField(max_length=250) content = models.TextField() pub_date = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.datetime.now) slug = models.SlugField(unique=True) I would like to show you my tests.py file and ask: Does it make sense? Am I even testing for the right things? Are there best practices I'm not following, and you could point me to? my tests.py (it contains 11 tests): # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- from django.test import TestCase from django.test.client import Client from django.core.urlresolvers import reverse import datetime from someproject.myapp.models import News class viewTest(TestCase): def setUp(self): self.test_title = u'Test title: bareksc' self.test_content = u'This is a content 156' self.test_slug = u'test-title-bareksc' self.test_pub_date = datetime.datetime.today() self.test_item = News.objects.create( title=self.test_title, content=self.test_content, slug=self.test_slug, pub_date=self.test_pub_date, ) client = Client() self.response_detail = client.get(self.test_item.get_absolute_url()) self.response_index = client.get(reverse('the-list-view')) def test_detail_status_code(self): """ HTTP status code for the detail view """ self.failUnlessEqual(self.response_detail.status_code, 200) def test_list_status_code(self): """ HTTP status code for the list view """ self.failUnlessEqual(self.response_index.status_code, 200) def test_list_numer_of_items(self): self.failUnlessEqual(len(self.response_index.context['object_list']), 1) def test_detail_title(self): self.failUnlessEqual(self.response_detail.context['object'].title, self.test_title) def test_list_title(self): self.failUnlessEqual(self.response_index.context['object_list'][0].title, self.test_title) def test_detail_content(self): self.failUnlessEqual(self.response_detail.context['object'].content, self.test_content) def test_list_content(self): self.failUnlessEqual(self.response_index.context['object_list'][0].content, self.test_content) def test_detail_slug(self): self.failUnlessEqual(self.response_detail.context['object'].slug, self.test_slug) def test_list_slug(self): self.failUnlessEqual(self.response_index.context['object_list'][0].slug, self.test_slug) def test_detail_template(self): self.assertContains(self.response_detail, self.test_title) self.assertContains(self.response_detail, self.test_content) def test_list_template(self): self.assertContains(self.response_index, self.test_title)

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