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  • How do Windows 7 encrypted files look like?

    - by Sean Farrell
    Ok this is kind of an odd question: How do Windows 7 (Home Premium) encrypted files look like "from the outside"? Now here is the story. An acquaintance of a freind of mine got a nasty virus / scareware. So I wiped out my PC technician cap and went to work on it. What I did was remove the drive from the laptop and put drive into my external drive bay. I scanned the drive and yes it was loaded with stuff. That basically cured the infection and I could start the system back up. To check if it cured the problem I wanted to see the system while running. There where two user accounts, on with a password and one without (both admin users !?!). So I logged into the unprotected user and cleaned up the residual issues, like proxy server to localhost in the browser config. Now I wanted to do the same for the password protected user. What I noticed that from my system and the unprotected user account the files of the protected user looked garbled. The files are something like 12 random alphanum chars, but the folders looked ok. Naive as was thought this might be how encrypted files looked "from the outside". (I never use Microsoft's own security features, so how would I know. TrueCrypt is one big blob.) Since the second user could not be reached, I though sod it and removed the password from the account. (That might have been a mistake, I know.) Now I did the same clean up tasks and all nice and fine; except for the files which where still "encrypted". So I looked into many Windows Encrypted Files recovery posts and not all hope is lost, since I should be able to extract the certificate and with the password regain access to the files. Also note that windows did "only" prompt me that removing the password would be insecure, not that access to encrypted files would be lost, like it is claimed in most recovery articles. Resetting the password did not help and I gave up for the night. The question that nagged me half of the last night was, what if the files are not encrypted, but the scare-ware encrypted / destroyed the files? I don't want to spend hours of work trying to recover files that are not recoverable. The ting is that the user does not remember turning it on and aren't the files marked in blue and the filename is readable? Many thanks for input from users who have more knowledge about WEF...

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  • LdapErr: DSID-0C0903AA, data 52e: authenticating against AD '08 with pam_ldap

    - by Stefan M
    I have full admin access to the AD '08 server I'm trying to authenticate towards. The error code means invalid credentials, but I wish this was as simple as me typing in the wrong password. First of all, I have a working Apache mod_ldap configuration against the same domain. AuthType basic AuthName "MYDOMAIN" AuthBasicProvider ldap AuthLDAPUrl "ldap://10.220.100.10/OU=Companies,MYCOMPANY,DC=southit,DC=inet?sAMAccountName?sub?(objectClass=user)" AuthLDAPBindDN svc_webaccess_auth AuthLDAPBindPassword mySvcWebAccessPassword Require ldap-group CN=Service_WebAccess,OU=Groups,OU=MYCOMPANY,DC=southit,DC=inet I'm showing this because it works without the use of any Kerberos, as so many other guides out there recommend for system authentication to AD. Now I want to translate this into pam_ldap.conf for use with OpenSSH. The /etc/pam.d/common-auth part is simple. auth sufficient pam_ldap.so debug This line is processed before any other. I believe the real issue is configuring pam_ldap.conf. host 10.220.100.10 base OU=Companies,MYCOMPANY,DC=southit,DC=inet ldap_version 3 binddn svc_webaccess_auth bindpw mySvcWebAccessPassword scope sub timelimit 30 pam_filter objectclass=User nss_map_attribute uid sAMAccountName pam_login_attribute sAMAccountName pam_password ad Now I've been monitoring ldap traffic on the AD host using wireshark. I've captured a successful session from Apache's mod_ldap and compared it to a failed session from pam_ldap. The first bindrequest is a success using the svc_webaccess_auth account, the searchrequest is a success and returns a result of 1. The last bindrequest using my user is a failure and returns the above error code. Everything looks identical except for this one line in the filter for the searchrequest, here showing mod_ldap. Filter: (&(objectClass=user)(sAMAccountName=ivasta)) The second one is pam_ldap. Filter: (&(&(objectclass=User)(objectclass=User))(sAMAccountName=ivasta)) My user is named ivasta. However, the searchrequest does not return failure, it does return 1 result. I've also tried this with ldapsearch on the cli. It's the bindrequest that follows the searchrequest that fails with the above error code 52e. Here is the failure message of the final bindrequest. resultcode: invalidcredentials (49) 80090308: LdapErr: DSID-0C0903AA, comment: AcceptSecurityContext error, data 52e, v1772 This should mean invalid password but I've tried with other users and with very simple passwords. Does anyone recognize this from their own struggles with pam_ldap and AD? Edit: Worth noting is that I've also tried pam_password crypt, and pam_filter sAMAccountName=User because this worked when using ldapsearch. ldapsearch -LLL -h 10.220.100.10 -x -b "ou=Users,ou=mycompany,dc=southit,dc=inet" -v -s sub -D svc_webaccess_auth -W '(sAMAccountName=ivasta)' This works using the svc_webaccess_auth account password. This account has scan access to that OU for use with apache's mod_ldap.

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  • GMail detecting mail as spam

    - by Petru Toader
    I've been trying for a long time to get our company's mail server send mail that will get accepted by the GMail spam filter. I have managed making it work for Yahoo Mail and Hotmail, sadly GMail is still marking our mails as spam. I have configured DKIM, SPF, DMARC and verified our mail server IP address against blacklists. I also have pasted here the headers GMail gets when we send a mail. Delivered-To: [email protected] Received: by 10.42.215.6 with SMTP id hc6csp107427icb; Wed, 20 Aug 2014 07:34:26 -0700 (PDT) X-Received: by 10.194.100.34 with SMTP id ev2mr59101019wjb.76.1408545265402; Wed, 20 Aug 2014 07:34:25 -0700 (PDT) Return-Path: <[email protected]> Received: from mail.phyramid.com (mail.phyramid.com. [178.157.82.23]) by mx.google.com with ESMTPS id dj10si4827754wib.79.2014.08.20.07.34.24 for <[email protected]> (version=TLSv1.1 cipher=ECDHE-RSA-RC4-SHA bits=128/128); Wed, 20 Aug 2014 07:34:25 -0700 (PDT) Received-SPF: pass (google.com: domain of [email protected] designates 178.157.82.23 as permitted sender) client-ip=178.157.82.23; Authentication-Results: mx.google.com; spf=pass (google.com: domain of [email protected] designates 178.157.82.23 as permitted sender) [email protected]; dkim=pass [email protected] Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mail.phyramid.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id ED2BB2017AC for <[email protected]>; Wed, 20 Aug 2014 17:33:23 +0300 (EEST) DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/simple; d=phyramid.com; h= content-type:content-type:mime-version:x-mailer:subject:subject :message-id:to:from:from:date:date; s=dkim; t=1408545197; x= 1409409197; bh=e04RtoyF7G39lfCvA9LLhTz4nF64siZtN5IYmC18Xsc=; b=o +6mO8Uz4Uf1G4U2q6tKUiEy2N2n/5R2VtPPwIvBE5xzK/hEd2sDGMxVzQVgIDCsK Q0Xh+auPaQpxldQ+AEcL2XSZMrk/g0mJONjkpI19I5AwGIJCR1SVvxdecohTn9iR bCHzrGi2wAicfDBzOH6lUBNfh2thri79aubdCYc97U= X-Amavis-Modified: Mail body modified (using disclaimer) - mail.phyramid.com X-Virus-Scanned: Debian amavisd-new at mail.phyramid.com Received: from mail.phyramid.com ([127.0.0.1]) by localhost (mail.phyramid.com [127.0.0.1]) (amavisd-new, port 10024) with ESMTP id 3JcgXZAXeFtX for <[email protected]>; Wed, 20 Aug 2014 17:33:17 +0300 (EEST) Received: from whiterock.local (unknown [109.98.21.30]) by mail.phyramid.com (Postfix) with ESMTPSA id 05CAE200280 for <[email protected]>; Wed, 20 Aug 2014 17:33:15 +0300 (EEST) Date: Wed, 20 Aug 2014 17:34:15 +0300 From: Company Mail <[email protected]> To: [email protected] Message-ID: <[email protected]> Subject: hey there! X-Mailer: Airmail (247) MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Content-Disposition: inline How was your summer? ---- Thanks a lot!

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  • Confused with DKIM, SPF and Exim Configs

    - by 0pt1m1z3
    I've now spent 2 hours trying to figure out this issue and I am about to give up and go to bed. I've been having issues with Gmail rejecting emails from my VPS server because of false spam alerts (probably caused by lfd sending too many emails). So I changed my Exim config to send emails from a different IP (my VPS comes with 3) and that fixed the issue. I also enabled DKIM and SPF on my domains for added measure. But now, all my emails appear as ("From: Sender Name via server.domain1.com") where server.domain1.com is my VPS hostname. I previously had the same issue in Outlook and turning off "Set SMTP Sender: headers" solved that problem. But I believe adding the DKIM and SPF now makes Gmail add "via server.domain1.com" to my messages. How do I fix this? This is a typical header for a message (as it appears at gmail): Delivered-To: [email protected] Received: by 10.60.44.163 with SMTP id f3csp248622oem; Thu, 29 Mar 2012 21:23:18 -0700 (PDT) Received: by 10.50.106.200 with SMTP id gw8mr452788igb.10.1333081398523; Thu, 29 Mar 2012 21:23:18 -0700 (PDT) Return-Path: <[email protected]> Received: from domain2.com ([X.X.X.X]) by mx.google.com with ESMTPS id y1si810998igb.3.2012.03.29.21.23.18 (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=OTHER); Thu, 29 Mar 2012 21:23:18 -0700 (PDT) Received-SPF: pass (google.com: domain of [email protected] designates X.X.X.X as permitted sender) client-ip=X.X.X.X; Authentication-Results: mx.google.com; spf=pass (google.com: domain of [email protected] designates X.X.X.X as permitted sender) [email protected]; dkim=pass [email protected] DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; q=dns/txt; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=server.domain1.com; s=default; h=Date:Message-Id:From:Content-type:MIME-Version:Subject:To; bh=wF8bBRgh01EYg4t5DAeVPv1Ps906UVIeRnQCb/HvSYw=; b=k/Pg7lnrO+Ud/z1mOTv+O/3DiJzzQgyBhfIizIaFHM8tF/eNJt5P2k+9yQB224sxYstZIWwVRBJmiqvcM1QhARv1HWqWma0crppZ3JOn+LRHANan634OBi+58SIRA+gu; Received: (Exim 4.77) id 1SDTVE-0005HA-9Y for [email protected]; Fri, 30 Mar 2012 00:31:56 -0400 To: [email protected] Subject: Password Reset Request MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-type: text/html; charset=iso-8859-1 From: Sender Name <[email protected]> Message-Id: <[email protected]> Date: Fri, 30 Mar 2012 00:31:56 -0400 X-AntiAbuse: This header was added to track abuse, please include it with any abuse report X-AntiAbuse: Primary Hostname - server.domain1.com X-AntiAbuse: Original Domain - domain2.com X-AntiAbuse: Originator/Caller UID/GID - [507 504] / [47 12] X-AntiAbuse: Sender Address Domain - server.domain1.com

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  • Set up Gmail with Google apps for own domain

    - by erdomester
    I rent a server from a German company. I have remote access to it as well as WHM and CPanel. I decided to use Google's mail servers for obvious reasons. I am not an admin just an average guy trying to set up what needs to be set up. The problem is I am unable to make the necessary settings. I watched Youtube tutorials, followed written ones as well as Google's help, but there is (at least) one serious problem with my domain settings. The domain console alwasy says Your MX records are incorrect When I check dappwall.com in mxtoolbox.com it says Pref Hostname IP Address TTL 10 mail.dappwall.com 46.4.88.247 24 hrs But this is not the host name. I checked WHM and my hostname is server1.dappwall.com. I can confirm it by typing the hostname command in putty. However, if I do an mx lookup at mxtoolbox.com on server1.dappwall.com or mail.dappwall.com I get Lookup failed after 1 name servers timed out or responded non-authoritatively I ran checks on the google apps toolbox on dappwall.com and two problems emerged: 1.No Google mail exchangers found. Relayhost configuration? 10 mail.dappwall.com In Google Apps > Settings for Gmail > Advanced settings it also says that my current MX records for dappwall.com is Priority Points to 10 MAIL.DAPPWALL.COM. So mail.dappwall.com again. I also have access to a robot provided by the company I rent the server from. Here I see this mail at two places but how should I (if it's necessary) modify this? I set Email routing to Automatically Detect Configuration. 2.There SHOULD be a valid SPF record. "v=spf1 include:_spf.google.com ~all" In the DNS Zone Editor I added this spf record: Name TTL Class Type Record dappwall.com. 1440 IN TXT v=spf1 include:_spf.google.com ~all In the cPanel Email Authentication page it says SPF: Status: Enabled Warning: cPanel is unable to verify that this server is an authoritative nameserver for dappwall.com. [?] Your current raw SPF record is : v=spf1 include:_spf.google.com ~all How can I confirm that my server is an authoritative nameserver for dappwall.com? In WHM Service Configuration Mailserver selection Dovecot was set but I disabled it (i don't know if that's ok). What am I missing here? Where is that mail.dappwall.com coming from?

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  • Group traffic shaping with traffic control?

    - by mmcbro
    I'm trying to limit the output bandwidth generated by an application with linux tc. This application sends me the source port of the request that I use has a filter to limit each user at a given downloadspeed. I feel that my setup could be managed way better if I had a better knowledge of linux tc. At the application level users are categorized as members of a group, each group have a limited bandwidth. Example : Members of group A : 512kbit/s Members of group B : 1Mbit/s Members of group C : 2Mbit/s When a user connects to the application, it retrieves the source port to the origin of the request from the user and sends me the source port and the bandwidth at which the user must be limited depending on group to which it belongs. With these informations I must add the appropriate rules so that the user (the source port in reality) is limited to the right bandwidth. If the user that connect isn't a member of any group it should be limited at a default bandwidth speed. I'm actually managing this by using a self made daemon that add or remove rules from when it receive a request from the application. With my little knowledge of tc I'm not able to limit other users (ones that aren't in a group, all others in fact) at a default speed and my configuration seems awful to me. Here is the base of my tc qdisc and classes : tc qdisc add dev eth0 root handle 1: htb tc class add dev eth0 parent 1: classid 1:1 htb rate 100mbps ceil 125mbps To classify a user at a given speed I have to add one subclass and then associate one filter to it : # a member of group A tc class add dev eth0 parent 1:1 classid 1:11 htb rate 512kbps ceil 512kbps # tts associated filter to match his source port tc filter add dev eth0 protocol ip parent 1:0 prio 1 u32 match ip sport 50001 flowid 1:11 # a member of group A again tc class add dev eth0 parent 1:1 classid 1:12 htb rate 512kbps ceil 512kbps # tts associated filter to match his source port tc filter add dev eth0 protocol ip parent 1:0 prio 1 u32 match ip sport 61524 flowid 1:12 # a member of group B again tc class add dev eth0 parent 1:1 classid 1:13 htb rate 1000kbps ceil 1000kbps # tts associated filter to match his source port tc filter add dev eth0 protocol ip parent 1:0 prio 1 u32 match ip sport 57200 flowid 1:13 I already know that a source port could be the same if its coming from a different IP address the thing is the application is behind a proxy so I don't have to manage any IP address in that situation. I would like to know how to manage the fact that for all other users (request/source port, whatever you name it) could be limited at a given speed each. I mean that each connection should be able to use at max 100kbit/s for example, not a shared 100kbit/s. I also would like to know if there is a way to simplify my rules. I don't know if it is possible to use only one class per group and associate multiple filters to the same class so each users could be handled by one class and not one class per user. I appreciate any advice, thanks.

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  • Squid on windows loadbalancing only to one server

    - by Martin L.
    After thousands of googles and trying days i cant get the load balancer/failover in squid on windows to work. Iam using squid 2.7. My webservers are 2 single NIC lighttpd and one dual nic lighttpd. server1 in this example is running squid on port 80 and lighttpd on port 8080 (just to test) Requirements: All 3 webservers running lighttpd should be balanced two option for load balancing: Best would be if server1 is busy server2 takes over, if server2 is busy server3 takes over, etc.. Round robin style evenly distributed load. Eg server1 takes first call, server2 second etc.. All requests should be treated the same way (no url rewriting or so on) Sent host headers have to be redirected to every server as http host header, speaking of "server1", "server1.company.internal" and "10.211.1.1". My approach: acl all src all acl manager proto cache_object http_port 80 accel defaultsite=server1.company.internal vhost #reverse proxy entries cache_peer 10.211.2.1 parent 8080 0 no-query originserver round-robin login=PASS name=server1_nic1 cache_peer 10.211.1.2 parent 80 0 no-query originserver round-robin login=PASS name=server2_nic1 cache_peer 10.211.2.3 parent 8080 0 no-query originserver round-robin login=PASS name=server3_nic1 cache_peer 10.211.2.4 parent 8080 0 no-query originserver round-robin login=PASS name=server3_nic2 #decl of names of squid host acl registered_name_hostdomain dstdomain server1.company.internal acl registered_name_host dstdomain server1 #ip of squid host acl registered_name_ip dstdomain 10.211.2.1 # access: redirects the correct squid hostname http_access allow registered_name_hostdomain http_access allow registered_name_host http_access allow registered_name_ip http_access deny all cache_peer_access server1_nic1 allow registered_name_hostdomain cache_peer_access server1_nic1 allow registered_name_host cache_peer_access server1_nic1 allow registered_name_ip cache_peer_access server2_nic1 allow registered_name_hostdomain cache_peer_access server2_nic1 allow registered_name_host cache_peer_access server2_nic1 allow registered_name_ip cache_peer_access server3_nic1 allow registered_name_hostdomain cache_peer_access server3_nic1 allow registered_name_host cache_peer_access server3_nic1 allow registered_name_ip cache_peer_access server3_nic2 allow registered_name_hostdomain cache_peer_access server3_nic2 allow registered_name_host cache_peer_access server3_nic2 allow registered_name_ip cache_peer_access server1_nic1 deny all cache_peer_access server2_nic1 deny all cache_peer_access server3_nic1 deny all cache_peer_access server3_nic2 deny all never_direct allow all Problems: Load balancer does not load balance other than to first server. Only if the first server is killed in any way the second will take over. I have seen the others working at some point, but definitely not as the intended load balancing described above. If the cache_peer_access is not defined sometimes the wrong hostname is sent to the backend webserver and this always depends on the defaultsite= parameter. Probably because the host header on the request to squid is not set and its replaced by defaultsite. Leaving out defaultsite didnt solve the problem. The only workaround i found for this is the current approach with cache_peer_access. Questions: Does the cache_peer_access influence the round-robin? Is there a better workaround to pass the host header to the backed webservers? Which parameters do increase the speed of load balancing or does anyone have a better approach? -Martin

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  • How secure is a subnet?

    - by HorusKol
    I have an unfortunate complication in my network - some users/computers are attached to a completely private and firewalled office network that we administer (10.n.n.x/24 intranet), but others are attached to a subnet provided by a third party (129.n.n.x/25) as they need to access the internet via the third party's proxy. I have previously set up a gateway/router to allow the 10.n.n.x/24 network internet access: # Allow established connections, and those !not! coming from the public interface # eth0 = public interface # eth1 = private interface iptables -A INPUT -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT -m state --state NEW ! -i eth0 -j ACCEPT iptables -A FORWARD -i eth0 -o eth1 -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT # Allow outgoing connections from the private interface iptables -A FORWARD -i eth1 -o eth0 -j ACCEPT # Masquerade (NAT) iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE # Don't forward any other traffic from the public to the private iptables -A FORWARD -i eth0 -o eth1 -j REJECT However, I now need to enable access to users on our 129.n.n.x/25 subnet to some private servers on the 10.n.n.x/24 network. I figured that I could do something like: # Allow established connections, and those !not! coming from the public interface # eth0 = public interface # eth1 = private interface #1 (10.n.n.x/24) # eth2 = private interface #2 (129.n.n.x/25) iptables -A INPUT -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT -m state --state NEW ! -i eth0 -j ACCEPT iptables -A FORWARD -i eth0 -o eth1 -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT iptables -A FORWARD -i eth0 -o eth2 -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT # Allow outgoing connections from the private interfaces iptables -A FORWARD -i eth1 -o eth0 -j ACCEPT iptables -A FORWARD -i eth2 -o eth0 -j ACCEPT # Allow the two public connections to talk to each other iptables -A FORWARD -i eth1 -o eth2 -j ACCEPT iptables -A FORWARD -i eth2 -o eth1 -j ACCEPT # Masquerade (NAT) iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE # Don't forward any other traffic from the public to the private iptables -A FORWARD -i eth0 -o eth1 -j REJECT iptables -A FORWARD -i eth0 -o eth2 -j REJECT My concern is that I know that the computers on our 129.n.n.x/25 subnet can be accessed via a VPN through the larger network operated by the provider - therefore, would it be possible for someone on the provider's supernet (correct term? inverse of subnet?) to be able to access our private 10.n.n.x/24 intranet?

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  • can't send with postfix but I can whith one user

    - by CvR_XX
    I have a postfix and dovecot server but when i try to send an email i get an time -out. Im trying to send with the email [email protected]. A telnet session isn't helping much ether. I get a blank screen. Local it's working fine. My smtp service is running on treadity.com:25. The strange thing is that the logs are completely empty with any info regarding sending emails. Receiving is working alright. Another strange thing is that i've send some message's and that it worked. But that is only with one email. I can still send from that account but other emails are failing any idea's? config file: # See /usr/share/postfix/main.cf.dist for a commented, more complete version # Debian specific: Specifying a file name will cause the first # line of that file to be used as the name. The Debian default # is /etc/mailname. #myorigin = /etc/mailname smtpd_banner = $myhostname ESMTP $mail_name (Debian/GNU) biff = no # appending .domain is the MUA's job. append_dot_mydomain = no # Uncomment the next line to generate "delayed mail" warnings #delay_warning_time = 4h readme_directory = no # TLS parameters #smtpd_tls_cert_file=/etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem #smtpd_tls_key_file=/etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key #smtpd_use_tls=yes #smtpd_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtpd_scache #smtp_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtp_scache smtpd_tls_cert_file=/etc/ssl/certs/dovecot.pem smtpd_tls_key_file=/etc/ssl/private/dovecot.pem smtpd_use_tls=yes # See /usr/share/postfix/main.cf.dist for a commented, more complete version # Debian specific: Specifying a file name will cause the first # line of that file to be used as the name. The Debian default # is /etc/mailname. #myorigin = /etc/mailname smtpd_banner = $myhostname ESMTP $mail_name (Debian/GNU) biff = no # appending .domain is the MUA's job. append_dot_mydomain = no # Uncomment the next line to generate "delayed mail" warnings #delay_warning_time = 4h readme_directory = no # TLS parameters #smtpd_tls_cert_file=/etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem #smtpd_tls_key_file=/etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key #smtpd_use_tls=yes #smtpd_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtpd_scache #smtp_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtp_scache smtpd_tls_cert_file=/etc/ssl/certs/dovecot.pem smtpd_tls_key_file=/etc/ssl/private/dovecot.pem smtpd_use_tls=yes # See /usr/share/postfix/main.cf.dist for a commented, more complete version # Debian specific: Specifying a file name will cause the first # line of that file to be used as the name. The Debian default # is /etc/mailname. #myorigin = /etc/mailname smtpd_banner = $myhostname ESMTP $mail_name (Debian/GNU) biff = no # appending .domain is the MUA's job. append_dot_mydomain = no # Uncomment the next line to generate "delayed mail" warnings #delay_warning_time = 4h readme_directory = no # TLS parameters #smtpd_tls_cert_file=/etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem #smtpd_tls_key_file=/etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key #smtpd_use_tls=yes #smtpd_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtpd_scache #smtp_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtp_scache smtpd_tls_cert_file=/etc/ssl/certs/dovecot.pem smtpd_tls_key_file=/etc/ssl/private/dovecot.pem smtpd_use_tls=yes smtpd_tls_auth_only = yes #Enabling SMTP for authenticated users, and handing off authentication to Dovecot smtpd_sasl_type = dovecot smtpd_sasl_path = private/auth smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes 1,1 Top

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  • Will spreading your servers load not just consume more recourses

    - by Saif Bechan
    I am running a heavy real-time updating website. The amount of recourses needed per user are quite high, ill give you an example. Setup Every visit The application is php/mysql so on every visit static and dynamic content is loaded. Recourses: apache,php,mysql Every second (no more than a second will just be too long) The website needs to be updated real-time so every second there is an ajax call thats updates the website. Recourses: jQuery,apache,php,mysql Avarage spending for single user (spending one minute and visited 3 pages) Apache: +/- 63 requests / responsess serving static and dynamic content (img,css,js,html) php: +/- 63 requests / responses mysql: +/- 63 requests / responses jquery: +/- 60 requests / responses Optimization I want to optimize this process, but I think that maybe it would be just the same in the end. Before implementing and testing (which will take weeks) I wanted to have some second opinions from you guys. Every visit I want to start off with having nginx in the front and work as a proxy to deliver the static content. Recources: Dynamic: apache,php,mysql Static: nginx This will spread the load on apache a lot. Every Second For the script that loads every second I want to set up Node.js server side javascript with nginx in te front. I want to set it up that jquery makes a request ones a minute, and node.js streams the data to the client every second. Recources: jQuery,nginx,node.js,mysql Avarage spending for single user (spending one minute and visited 3 pages) Nginx: 4 requests / responsess serving mostly static conetent(img,css,js) Apache: 3 requests only the pages php: 3 requests only the pages node.js: 1 request / 60 responses jquery: 1 request / 60 responses mysql: 63 requests / responses Optimization As you can see in the optimisation the load from Apache and PHP are lifted and places on nginx and node.js. These are known for there light footprint and good performance. But I am having my doubts, because there are still 2 programs extra loaded in the memory and they consume cpu. So it it better to have less programs that do the job, or more. Before I am going to spend a lot of time setting this up I would like to know if it will be worth the while.

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  • Sycronizing/deploying scripts across several systems

    - by otto
    I have a few time consuming tasks that I like to spread across several computers. These tasks require running an identical ruby or python script (or series of scripts that call each other) on each machine. The machines will a separate config file telling the script what portion of the task to complete. I want to figure out the best way to syncronize the scripts on these machines prior to running them. Up until now, I have been making changes to a copy of the script on a network share and then copying a fresh copy to each machine when I want to run it. But this is cumbersome and leaves a chance for error ( e.g missing a file on the copy or not clicking "copy and replace"). Lets assume the systems are standard windows machines that are not dedicated to this task and I don't need to run these scripts all the time (so I don't want a solution that runs 24/7 and always keeps them up to date, I'd prefer something that pushes/pulls on command). My thoughts on various options: Simple adaptation of my current workflow: Keep the originals on the network drive, but write a batch file that copies over the latest version of the scripts so everything is a one-click operation. Requires action on each system, but that's not the end of the world (since each one usually needs their configuration file changed slightly too). Put everything in a Mercurial/Git reposotory and pull a fresh copy onto each node. Going straight to the repo from each machine would guarantee a current version (and would have the fringe benefit of allowing edits to the script to be made from any machine). Cons would be that it requires VCS to be installed on each machine and there might be some pains dealing with authentication since I wouldn't use a public repo. Open up write access on a shared folder and write a script to use rsync (or similar) to push the changes out to all of the machines at once. This gets a current version on every machine (though you would have to change the script if you want to omit a machine or add a new one). Possible issue would be that each computer has to allow write access. Dropbox is a reasonable suggestion (and could work well) but I dont want to use an external service and I'd prefer not to have to have dropbox running 24/7 on systems that would normally not need it. Is there something simple that I am missing? Some tool designed expressly for doing this kind of thing? Otherwise I am leaning toward just tying all of the systems into Mercurial since, while it requires extra software, it is a little more robust than writing a batch file (e.g. if I split part of a script into a separate module, Mercurial will know what to do whereas I would have to add a line to the batch file).

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  • Htaccess strange behaviour with Nginx

    - by Termos
    I have a site running on Nginx (v1.0.14) serving as reverse proxy which proxies requests to Apache (v2.2.19). So Nginx runs on port 80, Apache is on 8080. Overall site works fine except that i cannot block access to certain directories with .htaccess file. For example i have 'my-protected-directory' on 'www.site.com' Inside it i have htaccess with following code: <Files *> order deny,allow deny from all allow from 1.2.3.4 <--- my ip address here </Files> When i try to access this page with my ip (1.2.3.4) i get 404 error which is not what i expect: http://www.site.com/my-protected-directory However everything works as expected when this page is served directly by Apache. I can see this page, everyone else can't. http://www.site.com:8080/my-protected-directory Update. Nginx config (7.1.3.7 is site ip.): user apache; worker_processes 4; error_log logs/error.log; pid logs/nginx.pid; events { worker_connections 1024; } http { include mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ' '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ' '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"'; sendfile on; keepalive_timeout 65; gzip on; gzip_min_length 1024; gzip_http_version 1.1; gzip_proxied any; gzip_comp_level 5; gzip_types text/plain text/css application/x-javascript text/xml application/xml application/xml+rss text/javascript image/x-icon; server { listen 80; server_name www.site.com site.com 7.1.3.7; access_log logs/host.access.log main; # serve static files location ~* ^.+.(jpg|jpeg|gif|png|ico|css|zip|tgz|gz|rar|bz2|doc|xls|exe|pdf|ppt|txt|tar|mid|midi|wav|bmp|rtf|js)$ { root /var/www/vhosts/www.site.com/httpdocs; proxy_set_header Range ""; expires 30d; } # pass requests for dynamic content to Apache location / { proxy_redirect off; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_set_header Host $http_host; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; proxy_set_header Range ""; proxy_pass http://7.1.3.7:8080; } } Could please anyone tell me what is wrong and how this can be fixed ?

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  • Secure copy uucp style

    - by Alexander Janssen
    I often have the case that I have to make a lot of hops to the remote host, just because there is no direct routing between my client and the remote host. When I need to copy files from a remote host two or more hops away, I always have to: client$ ssh host1 host1$ ssh host2 host2$ scp host3:/myfile . host2$ exit host1$ scp host2:myfile . host1$ exit client$ scp host1:myfile . Back when uucp still was being used this would be as simple as a uucp host1!host2!host3 /myfile . I know that there's uucp over ssh, but unfortunately I don't have the proper privileges on those machines to set it up. Also, I'm not sure if I really want to fiddle around with customer's machines. Does anyone know of a method doing this tasks without the need to setup a lot of tunnels or deploying new software to remote hosts? Maybe some kind of recursive script which clones itself to all the remote hosts, doing the hard work for me? Assume that authentication takes place with public keys and that all hosts do SSH Agent Forwarding. Edit: I'm not looking for a way to automatically forwarding my interactive sesssion to the nexthop host. I want a solution to copy files bangpath-style using scp via multiple hops without the need to install uucp on any of those machines. I don't have the (legal) rights or the privileges to make permanent changes to the ssh-config. Also, I'm sharing this username and hosts with a lot of other people. I'm willing to hack up my own script, but I wanted to know if anyone knows something which already does it. Minimum-invasive changes to hosts on the bangpath, simple invocation from the client. Edit 2: To give you an impression of how it's properly been done in interactive sessions, have a look at the GXPC clustershell. This is basically a Python-script, which spwans itself over to all remote hosts which have connectivity and where your ssh-key is installed. The great thing about it is, that you can tell "I can reach HostC via HostB via HostA." It just works. I want to have this for scp.

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  • RDP exits immediately after connecting to Windows Server 2008 R2

    - by carpat
    Background: I recently got a Windows cloud VPS server. I don't have much experience with server admin (I'm a programmer), and what little I do have is with linux servers. Ever since getting the server I've been having issues with RDP. I can connect about two or three times, after which point I can't connect until one of the tech guys "fixes" it (see below). When I connect, I can stay connected for hours with no problem. When the problem connecting starts, the first time I try to log in, the remote desktop window pops up, starts connecting, and then exits with "Your Remote Desktop session has ended". After that, for about 10-20 minutes if I try to connect again, the connections times out with Remote Desktop can't connect to the computer for one of these reasons: 1) Remote access on the server is not enabled 2) The remote computer is turned off 3) The remote computer is not available on the network then goes back to connecting once and immediately disconnecting. All of the updates are installed. The firewall has been correctly configured to let RDP traffic through. The remote setting is "Allow connections from computers running any version of Remote Desktop". I tried creating a second user, and when I can't connect, I can't connect to that user either. I've tried both soft and hard reboots, neither of which help. I've tried connecting from two different computers (both running Windows 7) from two different networks (work and home), and the behavior is the same. Everything else on the server continues to run fine (IIS-served http pages, Tomcat-served java pages, svn, ping). The "fix" that the tech guys supply is simply logging into the console on their end, after which point I can connnect 2 or 3 times again. The event viewer on the server has "authentication failure" (or something similar) events generated when I attempt to log in and can't. I can't get to the actual event at the moment as I'm currently in the can't connect stage, and waiting for the techs to log in. But when I searched for the event earlier this morning I couldn't find anything useful. Can anyone help?

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  • Adding local users / passwords on Kerberized Linux box

    - by Brian
    Right now if I try to add a non-system user not in the university's Kerberos realm I am prompted for a Kerberos password anyway. Obviously there is no password to be entered, so I just press enter and see: passwd: Authentication token manipulation error passwd: password unchanged Typing passwd newuser has the same issue with the same message. I tried using pwconv in the hopes that only a shadow entry was needed, but it changed nothing. I want to be able to add a local user not in the realm and give them a local password without being bothered about Kerberos. I am on Ubuntu 10.04. Here are my /etc/pam.d/common-* files (the defaults that Ubuntu's pam-auth-update package generates): account # here are the per-package modules (the "Primary" block) account [success=1 new_authtok_reqd=done default=ignore] pam_unix.so # here's the fallback if no module succeeds account requisite pam_deny.so # prime the stack with a positive return value if there isn't one already; # this avoids us returning an error just because nothing sets a success code # since the modules above will each just jump around account required pam_permit.so # and here are more per-package modules (the "Additional" block) account required pam_krb5.so minimum_uid=1000 # end of pam-auth-update config auth # here are the per-package modules (the "Primary" block) auth [success=2 default=ignore] pam_krb5.so minimum_uid=1000 auth [success=1 default=ignore] pam_unix.so nullok_secure try_first_pass # here's the fallback if no module succeeds auth requisite pam_deny.so # prime the stack with a positive return value if there isn't one already; # this avoids us returning an error just because nothing sets a success code # since the modules above will each just jump around auth required pam_permit.so # and here are more per-package modules (the "Additional" block) # end of pam-auth-update config password # here are the per-package modules (the "Primary" block) password requisite pam_krb5.so minimum_uid=1000 password [success=1 default=ignore] pam_unix.so obscure use_authtok try_first_pass sha512 # here's the fallback if no module succeeds password requisite pam_deny.so # prime the stack with a positive return value if there isn't one already; # this avoids us returning an error just because nothing sets a success code # since the modules above will each just jump around password required pam_permit.so # and here are more per-package modules (the "Additional" block) # end of pam-auth-update config session # here are the per-package modules (the "Primary" block) session [default=1] pam_permit.so # here's the fallback if no module succeeds session requisite pam_deny.so # prime the stack with a positive return value if there isn't one already; # this avoids us returning an error just because nothing sets a success code # since the modules above will each just jump around session required pam_permit.so # and here are more per-package modules (the "Additional" block) session optional pam_krb5.so minimum_uid=1000 session required pam_unix.so # end of pam-auth-update config

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  • web services access not being reached thru the web browser [closed]

    - by Tony
    I am trying to reference my .asmx webservices in .NET but my server is not exposed to the internet. When I put on the following address I get the message mentioned below. What's the reason for not being able to see the directory? Am I missing something in my IIS configuraction? Am I missing anything in my permissions? Just as reference I have other folders with webservices and I have the same issue. When I login to the server I am doing it with my windows user and password (I am using windows authentication). It's necessary to mention that when I put the URL I am getting a popup screen to put in my userid and password but it seems that's not able to validate since keeps asking me a couple of times. Let me know if you need more information to address this issue . http://appsvr02/Inetpub/wwwroot/DevWebApi/ Internet Explorer cannot display the webpage What you can try: It appears you are connected to the Internet, but you might want to try to reconnect to the Internet. Retype the address. Go back to the previous page. Most likely causes: •You are not connected to the Internet. •The website is encountering problems. •There might be a typing error in the address. More information This problem can be caused by a variety of issues, including: •Internet connectivity has been lost. •The website is temporarily unavailable. •The Domain Name Server (DNS) is not reachable. •The Domain Name Server (DNS) does not have a listing for the website's domain. •If this is an HTTPS (secure) address, click tools, click Internet Options, click Advanced, and check to be sure the SSL and TLS protocols are enabled under the security section. For offline users You can still view subscribed feeds and some recently viewed webpages. To view subscribed feeds 1.Click the Favorites Center button , click Feeds, and then click the feed you want to view. To view recently visited webpages (might not work on all pages) 1.Click Tools , and then click Work Offline. 2.Click the Favorites Center button , click History, and then click the page you want to view.

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  • Apache's htcacheclean doesn't scale: How to tame a huge Apache disk_cache?

    - by flight
    We have an Apache setup with a huge disk_cache (500.000 entries, 50 GB disk space used). The cache grows by 16 GB every day. My problem is that the cache seems to be growing nearly as fast as it's possible to remove files and directories from the cache filesystem! The cache partition is an ext3 filesystem (100GB, "-t news") on an iSCSI storage. The Apache server (which acts as a caching proxy) is a VM. The disk_cache is configured with CacheDirLevels=2 and CacheDirLength=1, and includes variants. A typical file path is "/htcache/B/x/i_iGfmmHhxJRheg8NHcQ.header.vary/A/W/oGX3MAV3q0bWl30YmA_A.header". When I try to call htcacheclean to tame the cache (non-daemon mode, "htcacheclean-t -p/htcache -l15G"), IOwait is going through the roof for several hours. Without any visible action. Only after hours, htcacheclean starts to delete files from the cache partition, which takes a couple more hours. (A similar problem was brought up in the Apache mailing list in 2009, without a solution: http://www.mail-archive.com/[email protected]/msg42683.html) The high IOwait leads to problems with the stability of the web server (the bridge to the Tomcat backend server sometimes stalls). I came up with my own prune script, which removes files and directories from random subdirectories of the cache. Only to find that the deletion rate of the script is just slightly higher than the cache growth rate. The script takes ~10 seconds to read the a subdirectory (e.g. /htcache/B/x) and frees some 5 MB of disk space. In this 10 seconds, the cache has grown by another 2 MB. As with htcacheclean, IOwait goes up to 25% when running the prune script continuously. Any idea? Is this a problem specific to the (rather slow) iSCSI storage? Should I choose a different file system for a huge disk_cache? ext2? ext4? Are there any kernel parameter optimizations for this kind of scenario? (I already tried the deadline scheduler and a smaller read_ahead_kb, without effect).

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  • Undelivered Mail Returned to Sender

    - by Alex
    When sending to [email protected] via PHP mail() function, I receive mails. When sending emails from external machines, I receive the following (e.g., sending from [email protected]. [mail.ru is Russian gmail]): This is the mail system at host fallback2.mail.ru. I'm sorry to have to inform you that your message could not be delivered to one or more recipients. It's attached below. For further assistance, please send mail to <postmaster> If you do so, please include this problem report. You can delete your own text from the attached returned message. The mail system <[email protected]>: lost connection with mail.mydomain.com[xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx] while receiving the initial server greeting Reporting-MTA: dns; fallback2.mail.ru X-mPOP-Fallback_MX-Queue-ID: D8C19F2411F1 X-mPOP-Fallback_MX-Sender: rfc822; [email protected] Arrival-Date: Tue, 29 Oct 2013 10:09:21 +0400 (MSK) Final-Recipient: rfc822; [email protected] Original-Recipient: rfc822;[email protected] Action: failed Status: 4.4.2 Diagnostic-Code: X-mPOP-Fallback_MX; lost connection with mail.tld.com[xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx] while receiving the initial server greeting Here is my postfix main.cf: command_directory = /usr/sbin daemon_directory = /usr/libexec/postfix data_directory = /var/lib/postfix myhostname = mail.mydomain.com mydomain = mydomain.com myorigin = mydomain.com inet_interfaces = all inet_protocols = all unknown_local_recipient_reject_code = 550 in_flow_delay = 1s alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases mail_name = mydomain.com daemon debug_peer_level = 2 debugger_command = PATH=/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/X11R6/bin ddd $daemon_directory/$process_name $process_id & sleep 5 sendmail_path = /usr/sbin/sendmail.postfix newaliases_path = /usr/bin/newaliases.postfix mailq_path = /usr/bin/mailq.postfix setgid_group = postdrop html_directory = no manpage_directory = /usr/share/man sample_directory = /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.6.6/samples readme_directory = /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.6.6/README_FILES bounce_queue_lifetime = 4h maximal_queue_lifetime = 4h delay_warning_time = 1h strict_rfc821_envelopes = yes show_user_unknown_table_name = no allow_percent_hack = no swap_bangpath = no smtpd_delay_reject = yes smtpd_error_sleep_time = 20 smtpd_soft_error_limit = 1 smtpd_hard_error_limit = 3 smtpd_junk_command_limit = 2 mydestination = mydomain.com, localhost.localdomain, localhost smtpd_client_restrictions = permit_inet_interfaces smtpd_recipient_limit = 100 virtual_alias_domains = mydomain.com virtual_alias_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/virtual smtpd_sasl_type = dovecot smtpd_sasl_path = private/auth smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes smtpd_relay_restrictions = permit_mynetworks, permit_sasl_authenticated, reject_unauth_destination Why emails from external server are not being delivered? Thank you! Update In a log, the following lines appear a lot of times Oct 30 10:48:29 mydomain postfix/smtpd[16216]: connect from fallback5.mail.ru[94.100.176.59] Oct 30 10:48:29 mydomain postfix/smtpd[16216]: warning: SASL: Connect to private/auth failed: Connection refused Oct 30 10:48:29 mydomain postfix/smtpd[16216]: fatal: no SASL authentication mechanisms It appears I have to configure SASL? I would understand if I would like to send emails from postfix, but why do I need it to receive emails?

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  • Ubuntu + SSL ports + AVAST

    - by jurajvt
    I have an interesting problem with communication via standard SSL ports. Fresh installed Ubuntu 14.04 server + Postfix + Dovecot, SASL authentication provided by Dovecot, self-signed certificate generated trough the Dovecot script mkcert.sh. Redirected ports on ZyWALL USG 200. I can send and receive e-mails from outside with standard ports 25 and 110, but not over 587. I am connecting to my server from machine with Windows 8.1 + VMWare Player + Ubuntu 14.04 Desktop + ssh. On Windows host I have installed Avast! antivirus. When I am trying to telnet from virtual machine to server over 587, it refused connection. But when I turn on Avast! it let me in to message Connected to... Same with nmap. When Avast! is turned on it is show me all SSL ports. When I turned it off, only standard ports appeared. OpenSSL shows me CONNECTED(00000003). But outside virtual machine directly in Windows 8.1 using nmap with zenmap there are not opened SSL ports in both Avast! states. From other external linux machines are problems with touching SSL ports same - refused. I have turned on submission in master.cf and 587 port is correctly listening on 0.0.0.0 in process master.pid which belongs to Postfix. I can telnet, or nmap over port 587 to my domain directly from server. Other ports like 995, 993 are OK on localhost, too. It is true, that I can't send emails via 587 anyway (Avast! turned on/off), but I can see ports opened. It is possible, that I have simply bad certificate and Avast! has right one, so with turned it on I can see opened ports? EDIT: To be more clear, I can't see or using port 587 everywhere from outside (tried Thunderbird, telnet, openssl, nmap, putty, swaks; both from Linux or Windows machines) and that is my problem. It was only by chance that I saw opened ports when Avast! is turned on.

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  • Nginx Load Balancer 403 error

    - by user64473
    I am trying to install nginx as a load balancer with apache backends, so that when I point my sites to the nginx server it serves up the content from the apache backend. I have the apache configuration set up correctly on both (i.e when I go to the site on the apache servers it works great) but when I use the nginx load balancer as the site I get 403 error. I have no idea why as it isn't even accessing any files on the server, thusly there aren't any files to be forbidden access to. My virtual host is enabled and looks like this: upstream webs { server 10.0.0.30 weight=1; server 10.0.0.31 weight=1; } server { listen 80; server_name www.example.com example.com; access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log; location / { proxy_pass http://webs; include /etc/nginx/proxy.conf; } } and my nginx.conf looks like this: user www-data; worker_processes 4; error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log; pid /var/run/nginx.pid; events { worker_connections 1024; # multi_accept on; } http { include /etc/nginx/mime.types; access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log; sendfile on; #tcp_nopush on; #keepalive_timeout 0; keepalive_timeout 65; tcp_nodelay on; gzip on; gzip_disable "MSIE [1-6]\.(?!.*SV1)"; include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf; include /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/*; proxy_redirect off; proxy_set_header Host $host; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; client_max_body_size 10m; client_body_buffer_size 128k; proxy_connect_timeout 90; proxy_send_timeout 90; proxy_read_timeout 90; proxy_buffers 32 4k; } Can any geniuses out there tell me what I am doing wrong?

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  • How do I configure Reverse Group Membership Maintenance on an openldap server? (memberOf)

    - by emills
    I am currently working on integrating LDAP authentication into a system and I would like to restrict access based on LDAP group. The only way to do this is via a search filter and therefore I believe my only option to be the use of the "memberOf" attribute in my search filter. It is my understanding that the "memberOf" attribute is an operational attribute which can be created by the server for me anytime a new "member" attribute is created for any "groupOfNames" entry on the server. My main goal is to be able to add a "member" attribute to an existing "groupOfNames" entry and have a matching "memberOf" attribute be added to the DN I provide. What I have managed to achieve so far: I'm still pretty new to LDAP administration but based on what I found in the openldap admin's guide, it looks like Reverse Group Membership Maintence aka "memberof overlay" would achieve exactly the effect I am looking for. My server is currently running a package installation (slapd on ubuntu) of openldap 2.4.15 which uses "cn=config" style runtime configuration. Most of the examples I have found still reference the older "slapd.conf" method of static configuration and I have tried my best to adapt the configurations to the new directory based model. I have added the following entries to enable the memberof overlay module: Enable the module with olcModuleLoad cn=config/cn\=module\{0\}.ldif dn: cn=module{0} objectClass: olcModuleList cn: module{0} olcModulePath: /usr/lib/ldap olcModuleLoad: {0}back_hdb olcModuleLoad: {1}memberof.la structuralObjectClass: olcModuleList entryUUID: a410ce98-3fdf-102e-82cf-59ccb6b4d60d creatorsName: cn=config createTimestamp: 20090927183056Z entryCSN: 20091009174548.503911Z#000000#000#000000 modifiersName: cn=admin,cn=config modifyTimestamp: 20091009174548Z Enabled the overlay for the database and allowed it to use it's default settings (groupOfNames,member,memberOf,etc) cn=config/olcDatabase={1}hdb/olcOverlay\=\{0\}memberof dn: olcOverlay={0}memberof objectClass: olcMemberOf objectClass: olcOverlayConfig objectClass: olcConfig objectClass: top olcOverlay: {0}memberof structuralObjectClass: olcMemberOf entryUUID: 6d599084-490c-102e-80f6-f1a5d50be388 creatorsName: cn=admin,cn=config createTimestamp: 20091009104412Z olcMemberOfRefInt: TRUE entryCSN: 20091009173500.139380Z#000000#000#000000 modifiersName: cn=admin,cn=config modifyTimestamp: 20091009173500Z My current result: By using the above configuration, I am able to add a NEW "groupOfNames" with any number of "member" entries and have all the involved DNs updated with a "memberOf" attribute. This is part of the behavior I would expect. While I believe the following should have been accomplished with the memberof overlay, I still do not know how to do the following and I would gladly welcome any advice: Add a "member" attribute to an EXISTING "groupOfNames" and have a corresponding "memberOf" attribute be created automatically. Remove a "member" attribute and have the corresponding "memberOf" attribute" be removed automatically.

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  • Apache will not stop/start gracefully

    - by ddjammin
    CentOs 6 64bit running apache 2.2.15-29.el6.centos. When I try to stop/start or restart httpd I get an error that says it has failed. A tail of the error log is below. I also noticed that a httpd.pid file is not created even though it is configured in the main conf file. If I set selinux to permissive, it works just fine. I do not want to run it with selinux disabled. If I delete the SSL_Mutex file it will start. HTTPD was running fine until I tried to add the ssl configuration. I copied over the ssl.conf file from a working server into the conf.d folder. I also copied a sslcert folder into the conf folder. It contains the certs, key, csr and password file. I think the problem has to do with the selinux context for the sslcert folder that was copied but I am not certain and not sure how to fix it. Below is the security context for the sslcert folder after executing restorecon -R sslcert ls -Z -rw-r--r--. root root system_u:object_r:httpd_config_t:s0 httpd.conf -rw-r--r--. root root system_u:object_r:httpd_config_t:s0 magic **drwxr-xr-x. root root system_u:object_r:httpd_config_t:s0 sslcert** tail -f /var/log/httpd/error_log [Thu Oct 17 13:33:19 2013] [notice] suEXEC mechanism enabled (wrapper: /usr/sbin/suexec) [Thu Oct 17 13:33:20 2013] [notice] Digest: generating secret for digest authentication ... [Thu Oct 17 13:33:20 2013] [notice] Digest: done [Thu Oct 17 13:33:20 2013] [warn] pid file /etc/httpd/logs/ssl.pid overwritten -- Unclean shutdown of previous Apache run? [Thu Oct 17 13:33:20 2013] [notice] Apache/2.2.15 (Unix) DAV/2 mod_ssl/2.2.15 OpenSSL/1.0.0-fips configured -- resuming normal operations [Thu Oct 17 21:04:48 2013] [notice] caught SIGTERM, shutting down [Thu Oct 17 21:06:42 2013] [notice] **SELinux policy enabled; httpd running as context system_u:system_r:httpd_t:s0** [Thu Oct 17 21:06:42 2013] [notice] suEXEC mechanism enabled (wrapper: /usr/sbin/suexec) [Thu Oct 17 21:06:42 2013] [error] (17)File exists: Cannot create SSLMutex with file `/etc/httpd/logs/ssl_mutex' I also saw mention of possible issues with semaphores. Below is the output of the current semaphores and apache is currently not running. ipcs -s ------ Semaphore Arrays -------- key semid owner perms nsems 0x00000000 0 root 600 1 0x00000000 65537 root 600 1 Finally selinux reports the following error. `sealert -a /var/log/audit/audit.log` 0% donetype=AVC msg=audit(1382034755.118:420400): avc: denied { write } for pid=3393 comm="httpd" name="ssl_mutex" dev=dm-0 ino=9513484 scontext=unconfined_u:system_r:httpd_t:s0 tcontext=unconfined_u:object_r:httpd_log_t:s0 tclass=file **** Invalid AVC allowed in current policy *** 100% doneERROR: failed to read complete file, 1044649 bytes read out of total 1043317 bytes (/var/log/audit/audit.log) found 1 alerts in /var/log/audit/audit.log -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SELinux is preventing /usr/sbin/httpd from remove_name access on the directory ssl_mutex.

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  • Wifi network stopped being visible (and usable) (Linksys wag320n)

    - by s427
    Basically, my wifi network simply stopped working for no apparent reason. It doesn't appear in the list of the available networks anymore. I can see all my neighbors' networks, but not mine. It's as if it doesn't exist anymore. The internet connection (non-wifi), which goes through the same modem/router, is fine though. I already had a similar problem about one year ago (see here: Wifi network SSID not visible ), just after buying this very modem. I finally got it to work after performing two factory resets and getting rid of the Cisco "Magic" software; but this time it's not working. I use a linksys router-modem (WAG320N) which is directly connected (via network cable) to my desktop computer (Windows 7). I have (mainly) two devices that use the wifi network: my phone (Samsung Galaxy Nexus) and an Asus tablet (TF201, aka Transformer Prime). I also resurrected an old laptop computer (Dell, running Windows XP) to test that, and it doesn't see anything either (apart from the 20 other wifi networks, of course ^^). This wifi network was working just fine and has been for about a year. I haven't touched the modem settings so I have no idea what's causing the problem. I tried: making my phone "forget" about my network, hoping it would see it again after that: no luck. re-entering the network informations (SSID/password) manually on my phone: still no luck (says it's not in range) exporting the modem configuration, resetting the modem (factory reset, via modem admin), restarting it, importing the configuration: nope. factory reset, turning it off for 15 minutes, restarting, re-factory reset, and entering the configuration manually: still nothing. Has anybody experienced something similar before? Have you any suggestion to fix that? Thanks in advance. PS: to clear things up, here are the settings of my modem regarding wifi: Basic wireless settings: Configuration: manual Radio Band: 2.4GHz Wireless Network Mode: B/G/N-Mixed SSID: s427 Channel Bandwidth: Wide - 40 MHz Channel Wide Channel: 9 - 2.452GHz Standard Channel: 11 - 2.462GHz SSID Broadcast: Enable Advanced Wireless Settings AP Isolation: Disable Authentication Type: Auto Basic Rate: Default Transmission Rate: Auto N Transmission Rate: Auto CTS Protection Mode: Disable Beacon Interval: 100 DTIM Interval: 1 Fragmentation Threshold: 2346 RTS Threshold: 2346

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  • Where is my app.config for SSIS?

    Sometimes when working with SSIS you need to add or change settings in the .NET application configuration file, which can be a bit confusing when you are building a SSIS package not an application. First of all lets review a couple of examples where you may need to do this. You are using referencing an assembly in a Script Task that uses Enterprise Library (aka EntLib), so you need to add the relevant configuration sections and settings, perhaps for the logging application block. You are using using Enterprise Library in a custom task or component, and again you need to add the relevant configuration sections and settings. You are using a web service with Microsoft Web Services Enhancements (WSE) 3.0 and hosting the proxy in SSIS, in an assembly used by your package, and need to add the configuration sections and settings. You need to change behaviours of the .NET framework which can be influenced by a configuration file, such as the System.Net.Mail default SMTP settings. Perhaps you wish to configure System.Net and the httpWebRequest header for parsing unsafe header (useUnsafeHeaderParsing), which will change the way the HTTP Connection manager behaves. You are consuming a WCF service and wish to specify the endpoint in configuration. There are no doubt plenty more examples but each of these requires us to identify the correct configuration file and and make the relevant changes. There are actually several configuration files, each used by a different execution host depending on how you are working with the SSIS package. The folders we need to look in will actually vary depending on the version of SQL Server as well as the processor architecture, but most are all what we can call the Binn folder. The SQL Server 2005 Binn folder is at C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\90\DTS\Binn\, compared to C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\100\DTS\Binn\ for SQL Server 2008. If you are on a 64-bit machine then you will see C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft SQL Server\90\DTS\Binn\ for the 32-bit executables and C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\90\DTS\Binn\ for 64-bit, so be sure to check all relevant locations. Of course SQL Server 2008 may have a C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft SQL Server\100\DTS\Binn\ on a 64-bit machine too. To recap, the version of SQL Server determines if you look in the 90 or 100 sub-folder under SQL Server in Program Files (C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\nn\) . If you are running a 64-bit operating system then you will have two instances program files, C:\Program Files (x86)\ for 32-bit and  C:\Program Files\ for 64-bit. You may wish to check both depending on what you are doing, but this is covered more under each section below. There are a total of five specific configuration files that you may need to change, each one is detailed below: DTExec.exe.config DTExec.exe is the standalone command line tool used for executing SSIS packages, and therefore it is an execution host with an app.config file. e.g. C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\90\DTS\Binn\DTExec.exe.config The file can be found in both the 32-bit and 64-bit Binn folders. DtsDebugHost.exe.config DtsDebugHost.exe is the execution host used by Business Intelligence Development Studio (BIDS) / Visual Studio when executing a package from the designer in debug mode, which is the default behaviour. e.g. C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\90\DTS\Binn\DtsDebugHost.exe.config The file can be found in both the 32-bit and 64-bit Binn folders. This may surprise some people as Visual Studio is only 32-bit, but thankfully the debugger supports both. This can be set in the project properties, see the Run64BitRuntime property (true or false) in the Debugging pane of the Project Properties. dtshost.exe.config dtshost.exe is the execution host used by what I think of as the built-in features of SQL Server such as SQL Server Agent e.g. C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\90\DTS\Binn\dtshost.exe.config This file can be found in both the 32-bit and 64-bit Binn folders devenv.exe.config Something slightly different is devenv.exe which is Visual Studio. This configuration file may also need changing if you need a feature at design-time such as in a Task Editor or Connection Manager editor. Visual Studio 2005 for SQL Server 2005  - C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\Common7\IDE\devenv.exe.config Visual Studio 2008 for SQL Server 2008  - C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 9.0\Common7\IDE\devenv.exe.config Visual Studio is only available for 32-bit so on a 64-bit machine you will have to look in C:\Program Files (x86)\ only. DTExecUI.exe.config The DTExec UI tool can also have a configuration file and these cab be found under the Tools folders for SQL Sever as shown below. C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\90\Tools\Binn\VSShell\Common7\IDE\DTExecUI.exe C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\100\Tools\Binn\VSShell\Common7\IDE\DTExecUI.exe A configuration file may not exist, but if you can find the matching executable you know you are in the right place so can go ahead and add a new file yourself. In summary we have covered the assembly configuration files for all of the standard methods of building and running a SSIS package, but obviously if you are working programmatically you will need to make the relevant modifications to your program’s app.config as well.

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  • Security in OBIEE 11g, Part 2

    - by Rob Reynolds
    Continuing the series on OBIEE 11g, our guest blogger this week is Pravin Janardanam. Here is Part 2 of his overview of Security in OBIEE 11g. OBIEE 11g Security Overview, Part 2 by Pravin Janardanam In my previous blog on Security, I discussed the OBIEE 11g changes regarding Authentication mechanism, RPD protection and encryption. This blog will include a discussion about OBIEE 11g Authorization and other Security aspects. Authorization: Authorization in 10g was achieved using a combination of Users, Groups and association of privileges and object permissions to users and Groups. Two keys changes to Authorization in OBIEE 11g are: Application Roles Policies / Permission Groups Application Roles are introduced in OBIEE 11g. An application role is specific to the application. They can be mapped to other application roles defined in the same application scope and also to enterprise users or groups, and they are used in authorization decisions. Application roles in 11g take the place of Groups in 10g within OBIEE application. In OBIEE 10g, any changes to corporate LDAP groups require a corresponding change to Groups and their permission assignment. In OBIEE 11g, Application roles provide insulation between permission definitions and corporate LDAP Groups. Permissions are defined at Application Role level and changes to LDAP groups just require a reassignment of the Group to the Application Roles. Permissions and privileges are assigned to Application Roles and users in OBIEE 11g compared to Groups and Users in 10g. The diagram below shows the relationship between users, groups and application roles. Note that the Groups shown in the diagram refer to LDAP Groups (WebLogic Groups by default) and not OBIEE application Groups. The following screenshot compares the permission windows from Admin tool in 10g vs 11g. Note that the Groups in the OBIEE 10g are replaced with Application Roles in OBIEE 11g. The same is applicable to OBIEE web catalog objects.    The default Application Roles available after OBIEE 11g installation are BIAdministrator, BISystem, BIConsumer and BIAuthor. Application policies are the authorization policies that an application relies upon for controlling access to its resources. An Application Role is defined by the Application Policy. The following screenshot shows the policies defined for BIAdministrator and BISystem Roles. Note that the permission for impersonation is granted to BISystem Role. In OBIEE 10g, the permission to manage repositories and Impersonation were assigned to “Administrators” group with no control to separate these permissions in the Administrators group. Hence user “Administrator” also had the permission to impersonate. In OBI11g, BIAdministrator does not have the permission to impersonate. This gives more flexibility to have multiple users perform different administrative functions. Application Roles, Policies, association of Policies to application roles and association of users and groups to application roles are managed using Fusion Middleware Enterprise Manager (FMW EM). They reside in the policy store, identified by the system-jazn-data.xml file. The screenshots below show where they are created and managed in FMW EM. The following screenshot shows the assignment of WebLogic Groups to Application Roles. The following screenshot shows the assignment of Permissions to Application Roles (Application Policies). Note: Object level permission association to Applications Roles resides in the RPD for repository objects. Permissions and Privilege for web catalog objects resides in the OBIEE Web Catalog. Wherever Groups were used in the web catalog and RPD has been replaced with Application roles in OBIEE 11g. Following are the tools used in OBIEE 11g Security Administration: ·       Users and Groups are managed in Oracle WebLogic Administration console (by default). If WebLogic is integrated with other LDAP products, then Users and Groups needs to managed using the interface provide by the respective LDAP vendor – New in OBIEE 11g ·       Application Roles and Application Policies are managed in Oracle Enterprise Manager - Fusion Middleware Control – New in OBIEE 11g ·       Repository object permissions are managed in OBIEE Administration tool – Same as 10g but the assignment is to Application Roles instead of Groups ·       Presentation Services Catalog Permissions and Privileges are managed in OBI Application administration page - Same as 10g but the assignment is to Application Roles instead of Groups Credential Store: Credential Store is a single consolidated service provider to store and manage the application credentials securely. The credential store contains credentials that either user supplied or system generated. Credential store in OBIEE 10g is file based and is managed using cryptotools utility. In 11g, Credential store can be managed directly from the FMW Enterprise Manager and is stored in cwallet.sso file. By default, the Credential Store stores password for deployed RPDs, BI Publisher data sources and BISystem user. In addition, Credential store can be LDAP based but only Oracle Internet Directory is supported right now. As you can see OBIEE security is integrated with Oracle Fusion Middleware security architecture. This provides a common security framework for all components of Business Intelligence and Fusion Middleware applications.

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