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  • Shaders with pygtkglext

    - by qba
    Do someone know how to get glsl shaders work in gtk-opengl window? With glut all glCreateProgram etc. functions works, but when I tried to put the same gl code into pygtkglext window, its complaining about NullReference: OpenGL.error.NullFunctionError: Attempt to call an undefined function glCreateProgram, check for bool(glCreateProgram) before calling So then I from OpenGL.GL.ARB.shader_objects import *, but the result is similar: OpenGL.error.NullFunctionError: Attempt to call an undefined function glCreateProgramObjectARB, check for bool(glCreateProgramObjectARB) before calling Any idea will be useful.

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  • Is there a better way of making numpy.argmin() ignore NaN values

    - by Dragan Chupacabrovic
    Hello Everybody, I want to get the index of the min value of a numpy array that contains NaNs and I want them ignored >>> a = array([ nan, 2.5, 3., nan, 4., 5.]) >>> a array([ NaN, 2.5, 3. , NaN, 4. , 5. ]) if I run argmin, it returns the index of the first NaN >>> a.argmin() 0 I substitute NaNs with Infs and then run argmin >>> a[isnan(a)] = Inf >>> a array([ Inf, 2.5, 3. , Inf, 4. , 5. ]) >>> a.argmin() 1 My dilemma is the following: I'd rather not change NaNs to Infs and then back after I'm done with argmin (since NaNs have a meaning later on in the code). Is there a better way to do this? There is also a question of what should the result be if all of the original values of a are NaN? In my implementation the answer is 0

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  • How to manually create a DBRef using pymongo?

    - by Soviut
    I want to create a DBRef manually so that I can add an additional field to it. However, when I try to pass the following: {'$ref': 'projects', '$id': '1029412409721', 'project_name': 'My Project'} Pymongo raises an error: pymongo.errors.InvalidName: key '$id' must not start with '$' It would seem that pymongo reserve the $ for the special key, leading me to wonder if it is even possible to do what I'm trying to do?

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  • inheritance from str or int

    - by wiso
    Why I have problem creating a class the inherite from str (or also int) class C(str): def __init__(self, a, b): str.__init__(self,a) self.b = b C("a", "B") TypeError: str() takes at most 1 argument (2 given) tha same appened if I try to use int instead of str, but it works with custom classes. I need to use __new__ instead of __init__? why?

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  • Best way to get back to using the power of lxml after having to use a regex to find something in an

    - by PyNEwbie
    I am trying to rip some text out of a large number of html documents (numbers in the hundreds of thousands). The documents are really forms but they are prepared by a very large group of different organizations so there is significant variation in how they create the document. For example, the documents are divided into chapters. I might want to extract the contents of Chapter 5 from every document so I can analyze the content of the chapter. Initially I thought this would be easy but it turns out that the authors might use a set of non-nested tables throughout the document to hold the content so that Chapter n could be displayed using td tags inside a table. Or they might use other elements such as p tags H tags, div tags or any other block level element. After trying repeatedly to use lxml to help me identify the beginning and end of each chapter I have determined that it is a lot cleaner to use a regular expression because in every case, no matter what the enclosing html element is the chapter label is always in the form of >Chapter # It is a little more complicated in that there might be some white space or non-breaking space represented in different ways (  or   or just spaces). Nonetheless it was trivial to write a regular expression to identify the beginning of each section. (The beginning of one section is the end of the previous section.) But now I want to use lxml to get the text out. My thought is that I have really no choice but to walk along my string to find the close tag for the element that encloses the text I am using to find the relevant section. That is here is one example where the element holding the Chapter name is a div <div style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN-LEFT: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0pt; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0pt" align="left"><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">Chapter 1.&#160;&#160;&#160;Our Beginnings.</font></div> So I am imagining that I would begin at the location where I found the match for chapter 1 and set up a regular expressions to find the next </div|</td|</p|</h1 . . . So at this point I have identified the type of element holding my chapter heading I can use the same logic to find all of the text that is within that element that is set up a regular expression to help me mark from >Chapter 1.&#160;&#160;&#160;Our Beginnings.< So I have identified where my Chapter 1 begins I can do the same for chapter 2 (which is where Chapter 1 ends) Now I am imagining that I am going to snip the document beginning at the opening of the element that I identified as the element the indicates where chapter 1 begins and ending just before the opening of the element that I identified as the element that indicates where Chapter 2 begins. The string that I have identified will then be fed to lxml to use its power to get the content. I am going to all of this trouble because I have read over and over - never use a regular expression to extract content from html documents and I have not hit on a way to be as accurate with lxml to identify the starting and ending locations for the text I want to extract. For example, I can never be certain that the subtitle of Chapter 1 is Our Beginnings it could be Our Red Canary. Let me say that I spent two solid days trying with lxml to be confident that I had the beginning and ending elements and I could only be accurate <60% of the time but a very short regular expression has given me better than 95% success. I have a tendency to make things more complicated than necessary so I am wondering if anyone has seen or solved a similar problems and if they had an approach (not the details mind you) that they would like to offer.

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  • Django database caching

    - by hekevintran
    I have a Django form that uses an integer field to lookup a model object by its primary key. The form has a save() method that uses the model object referred to by the integer field. The model's manager's get() method is called twice, once in the clean method and once in the save() method: class MyForm(forms.Form): id_a = fields.IntegerField() def clean_id_a(user_id): id_a = self.cleaned_data['id_a'] try: # here is the first call to get MyModel.objects.get(id=id_a) except User.DoesNotExist: raise ValidationError('Object does not exist') def save(self): id_a = self.cleaned_data['id_a'] # here is the second call to get my_model_object = MyModel.objects.get(id=id_a) # do other stuff I wasn't sure whether this hits the database two times or one time so I returned the object itself in the clean method so that I could avoid a second get() call. Does calling get() hit the database two times? Or is the object cached in the thread? class MyForm(forms.Form): id_a = fields.IntegerField() def clean_id_a(user_id): id_a = self.cleaned_data['id_a'] try: # here is my workaround return MyModel.objects.get(id=id_a) except User.DoesNotExist: raise ValidationError('Object does not exist') def save(self): # looking up the cleaned value returns the model object my_model_object = self.cleaned_data['id_a'] # do other stuff

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  • SQLAlchemy: select over multiple tables

    - by ahojnnes
    Hi, I wanted to optimize my database query: link_list = select( columns=[link_table.c.rating, link_table.c.url, link_table.c.donations_in], whereclause=and_( not_(link_table.c.id.in_( select( columns=[request_table.c.recipient], whereclause=request_table.c.donator==donator.id ).as_scalar() )), link_table.c.id!=donator.id, ), limit=20, ).execute().fetchall() and tried to merge those two selects in one query: link_list = select( columns=[link_table.c.rating, link_table.c.url, link_table.c.donations_in], whereclause=and_( link_table.c.active==True, link_table.c.id!=donator.id, request_table.c.donator==donator.id, link_table.c.id!=request_table.c.recipient, ), limit=20, order_by=[link_table.c.rating.desc()] ).execute().fetchall() the database-schema looks like: link_table = Table('links', metadata, Column('id', Integer, primary_key=True, autoincrement=True), Column('url', Unicode(250), index=True, unique=True), Column('registration_date', DateTime), Column('donations_in', Integer), Column('active', Boolean), ) request_table = Table('requests', metadata, Column('id', Integer, primary_key=True, autoincrement=True), Column('recipient', Integer, ForeignKey('links.id')), Column('donator', Integer, ForeignKey('links.id')), Column('date', DateTime), ) There are several links (donator) in request_table pointing to one link in the link_table. I want to have links from link_table, which are not yet "requested". But this does not work. Is it actually possible, what I'm trying to do? If so, how would you do that? Thank you very much in advance!

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  • Iterating over key and value of defaultdict dictionaries

    - by gf
    The following works as expected: d = [(1,2), (3,4)] for k,v in d: print "%s - %s" % (str(k), str(v)) But this fails: d = collections.defaultdict(int) d[1] = 2 d[3] = 4 for k,v in d: print "%s - %s" % (str(k), str(v)) With: Traceback (most recent call last): File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable Why? How can i fix it?

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  • method __getattr__ is not inherited from parent class

    - by ??????
    Trying to subclass mechanize.Browser class: from mechanize import Browser class LLManager(Browser, object): IS_AUTHORIZED = False def __init__(self, login = "", passw = "", *args, **kwargs): super(LLManager, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs) self.set_handle_robots(False) But when I make something like this: lm["Widget[LinksList]_link_1_title"] = anc then I get an error: Traceback (most recent call last): File "<pyshell#8>", line 1, in <module> lm["Widget[LinksList]_link_1_title"] = anc TypeError: 'LLManager' object does not support item assignment Browser class have overridden method __getattr__ as shown: def __getattr__(self, name): # pass through _form.HTMLForm methods and attributes form = self.__dict__.get("form") if form is None: raise AttributeError( "%s instance has no attribute %s (perhaps you forgot to " ".select_form()?)" % (self.__class__, name)) return getattr(form, name) Why my class or instance don't get this method as in parent class?

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  • Selective emboldeing of text in a webpage

    - by Eknath Iyer
    while printing out utf-8 characters onto a webpage, if encapsulate them with they get emboldened, but anything else, the page turns blank. Why? def main(): print "Content-type: text/html\r\n\r\n"; print '<html>' print '<head>' print '<style type="text/css">' print '.highlight { background-color: yellow }' print '.color1 { color: green; }' print '.color2 { color: blue; }' print '.color3 { color: purple; }' print '.color4 { color: red; }' print '.color5 { color: teal; }' print '.color6 { color: yellow; }' print '.color7 { color: orange; }' print '.color8 { color: violet; }' print '</style></head>' print '<body>' form = cgi.FieldStorage() ch = form.getvalue('choice') if ch == 'English': in_sent = form.getvalue('f1') in_sent = in_sent.lower() cho=0 elif ch == 'Hindi': in_sent = trans_he(form.getvalue('transl1').decode("utf-8")).strip() cho=1 #cho = 0 for english #cho = 1 for hindi adict=[] print '<center><u> User Input Sentence ==> <b>', in_sent,'</b></u></center><br>' in_sent=in_sent.strip().split(' ') colordict={} counter=1 for word in in_sent: colordict[word]=counter counter = counter + 1 f = open('bidirectional.alignment.txt','rb').read() records=f.strip().split('\n\n\n') for record in records: el=[] el2 = [] #basic file processing is done here. record = record.strip().split('\n') source = record[cho] target = record[(cho+1)%2] source_sent = source.split(' # ')[1] target_sent = target.split(' # ')[1] source_words = source_sent.strip().split(' ') target_words = target_sent.strip().split(' ') trans_index = source.split(' # ')[2].strip().split(' ') for word in in_sent: if word in source_words: if int(trans_index[source_words.index(word)]) > 0: tword=target_words[(int(trans_index[source_words.index(word)])-1)] target_sent = target_sent.replace(tword+' ','<b>'+tword+' </b>') # When the <b> tag is used here(for the 'target_sent = ...' statement). it is fine. But when <b> is replaced by something like in the next line or even <i> or <u>, it doesn't show an output at all source_sent = source_sent.replace(word+' ','<span class="color1">'+word+' </span>') el2.append(source_sent) el2.append(target_sent) el.append(target_sent.count('<b>')) el.append(el2) if target_sent.count('<b>') > 0: adict.append(el) print '<table><tr><td><center><h1>SOURCE LANGUAGE</h1></center></td><td><center> <h1>TARGET LANGUAGE</h1></center></td></tr>' for entry in adict: print '<tr><td>',entry[1][0],'</td><td>',trans_eh(entry[1][1]).encode("utf-8"),'</td> </tr>' print '</table></body>' print '</html>' main()

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  • web2py error while using distinct in the queries

    - by Steve
    Hi, I am using web2py with GAE. While using some of the queries which has a distinct clause, GAE throws out an error.I have pasted the Traceback. Can someone please help me out with this. In FILE: /base/data/home/apps/panneersoda/1.341206242889687944/applications/init/controllers/default.py Traceback (most recent call last): File "/base/data/home/apps/panneersoda/1.341206242889687944/gluon/restricted.py", line 173, in restricted exec ccode in environment File "/base/data/home/apps/panneersoda/1.341206242889687944/applications/init/controllers/default.py:profileview", line 263, in <module> File "/base/data/home/apps/panneersoda/1.341206242889687944/gluon/globals.py", line 96, in <lambda> self._caller = lambda f: f() File "/base/data/home/apps/panneersoda/1.341206242889687944/applications/init/controllers/default.py:profileview", line 97, in profileview File "/base/data/home/apps/panneersoda/1.341206242889687944/gluon/contrib/gql.py", line 675, in select (items, tablename, fields) = self._select(*fields, **attributes) File "/base/data/home/apps/panneersoda/1.341206242889687944/gluon/contrib/gql.py", line 624, in _select raise SyntaxError, 'invalid select attribute: %s' % key SyntaxError: invalid select attribute: distinct Thanks

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  • Why is the destructor called when the CPython garbage collector is disabled?

    - by Frederik
    I'm trying to understand the internals of the CPython garbage collector, specifically when the destructor is called. So far, the behavior is intuitive, but the following case trips me up: Disable the GC. Create an object, then remove a reference to it. The object is destroyed and the __del__ method is called. I thought this would only happen if the garbage collector was enabled. Can someone explain why this happens? Is there a way to defer calling the destructor? import gc import unittest _destroyed = False class MyClass(object): def __del__(self): global _destroyed _destroyed = True class GarbageCollectionTest(unittest.TestCase): def testExplicitGarbageCollection(self): gc.disable() ref = MyClass() ref = None # The next test fails. # The object is automatically destroyed even with the collector turned off. self.assertFalse(_destroyed) gc.collect() self.assertTrue(_destroyed) if __name__=='__main__': unittest.main() Disclaimer: this code is not meant for production -- I've already noted that this is very implementation-specific and does not work on Jython.

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  • Find subset with K elements that are closest to eachother

    - by Nima
    Given an array of integers size N, how can you efficiently find a subset of size K with elements that are closest to each other? Let the closeness for a subset (x1,x2,x3,..xk) be defined as: 2 <= N <= 10^5 2 <= K <= N constraints: Array may contain duplicates and is not guaranteed to be sorted. My brute force solution is very slow for large N, and it doesn't check if there's more than 1 solution: N = input() K = input() assert 2 <= N <= 10**5 assert 2 <= K <= N a = [] for i in xrange(0, N): a.append(input()) a.sort() minimum = sys.maxint startindex = 0 for i in xrange(0,N-K+1): last = i + K tmp = 0 for j in xrange(i, last): for l in xrange(j+1, last): tmp += abs(a[j]-a[l]) if(tmp > minimum): break if(tmp < minimum): minimum = tmp startindex = i #end index = startindex + K? Examples: N = 7 K = 3 array = [10,100,300,200,1000,20,30] result = [10,20,30] N = 10 K = 4 array = [1,2,3,4,10,20,30,40,100,200] result = [1,2,3,4]

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  • Storing a list of objects in GAE

    - by Dominic Bou-Samra
    I need to store some data that looks a little like this: xyz 123 abc 456 hij 678 rer 838 Now I would just store it as a traditional string and integer model, and put in the datastore. But the data changes regularly, and is ONLY relevant when looked at as a COLLECTION. So it needs to be store as either a list of lists, or a list of objects, both of which can't really be done without pickling as far as I know. Can anyone help? Even storing it as a text file may work :S

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  • How to create instances of related models in Django

    - by sevennineteen
    I'm working on a CMSy app for which I've implemented a set of models which allow for creation of custom Template instances, made up of a number of Fields and tied to a specific Customer. The end-goal is that one or more templates with a set of custom fields can be defined through the Admin interface and associated to a customer, so that customer can then create content objects in the format prescribed by the template. I seem to have gotten this hooked up such that I can create any number of Template objects, but I'm struggling with how to create instances - actual content objects - in those templates. For example, I can define a template "Basic Page" for customer "Acme" which has the fields "Title" and "Body", but I haven't figured out how to create Basic Page instances where these fields can be filled in. Here are my (somewhat elided) models... class Customer(models.Model): ... class Field(models.Model): ... class Template(models.Model): label = models.CharField(max_length=255) clients = models.ManyToManyField(Customer, blank=True) fields = models.ManyToManyField(Field, blank=True) class ContentObject(models.Model): label = models.CharField(max_length=255) template = models.ForeignKey(Template) author = models.ForeignKey(User) customer = models.ForeignKey(Customer) mod_date = models.DateTimeField('Modified Date', editable=False) def __unicode__(self): return '%s (%s)' % (self.label, self.template) def save(self): self.mod_date = datetime.datetime.now() super(ContentObject, self).save() Thanks in advance for any advice!

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  • How do I use a ListProperty(users.user) in a djangoforms.ModelForm on Google AppEngine?

    - by Gabriel
    I have been looking around a bit for info on how to do this. Essentially I have a Model: class SharableUserAsset(db.Model): name = StringProperty() users = ListProperty(users.User) My questions are: What is the best way to associate users to this value where they are not authenticated, visa vi invite from contacts list etc.? Is there a reasonable way to present a list control easily in a djangoforms.ModelForm? Once a user logs in I want to be able to check if that user is in the list for any number of SharableUserAsset class "records", how do I do that? Does user evaluate as a match to an email address or is there a way to look up a valid user against an email address?

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  • 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'data'

    - by Bill Jordan
    Hello guys, I am sending a SOAP request to my server and getting the response back. sample of the response string is shown below: <?xml version = '1.0' ?> <env:Envelope xmlns:env=http:////www.w3.org/2003/05/soap-envelop . .. .. <env:Body> <epas:get-all-config-resp xmlns:epas="urn:organization:epas:soap"> ^M ... ... <epas:property name="Tom">12</epas:property> > > <epas:property name="Alice">34</epas:property> > > <epas:property name="John">56</epas:property> > > <epas:property name="Danial">78</epas:property> > > <epas:property name="George">90</epas:property> > > <epas:property name="Luise">11</epas:property> ... ^M </env:Body? </env:Envelop> What I noticed in the response is that there is an extra character shown in the body which is "^M". Not sure if this could be the issue. Note the ^M shown! when I tried parsing the string returned from the server to get the names and values using the code sample: elements = minidom.parseString(xmldoc).getElementsByTagName("property") myDict = {} for element in elements: myDict[element.getAttribute('name')] = element.firstChild.data But, I am getting this error: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'data'. May be its something to do with the "^M" shown on the xml response back! Any ideas/comments would be appreciated, Cheers

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  • Copy **kwargs to self?

    - by Mark
    Given class ValidationRule: def __init__(self, **kwargs): # code here Is there a way that I can define __init__ such that if I were to initialize the class with something like ValidationRule(other='email') then self.other would be "added" to class without having to explicitly name every possible kwarg?

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  • BeautifulSoup, but for CSS?

    - by MTsoul
    BeautifulSoup parses HTML and offers various ways to manipulate and search within HTML. Is there something similar for CSS? Specifically, I'd like to know if a given HTML text is rendered as bold. Either it has an ancestor that is the <strong> or the <bold> tag (which can be done with BeautifulSoup), or it has an ancestor (or itself) that has CSS attributes with font-weight: bold. Is this possible without resulting to writing my own library?

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  • How to get progress bar to time Class exectution

    - by chrissygormley
    Hello, I am trying to use progress bar to show the progress of a script. I want it increase progress after every function in a class is executed. The code I have tried is below: import progressbar from time import sleep class hello(): def no(self): print 'hello!' def yes(self): print 'No!!!!!!' def pro(): bar = progressbar.ProgressBar(widgets=[progressbar.Bar('=', '[', ']'), ' ', progressbar.Percentage()]) for i in Yep(): bar.update(Yep.i()) sleep(0.1) bar.finish() if __name__ == "__main__": Yep = hello() pro() Does anyone know how to get this working. Thanks

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