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  • Ubuntu Server UFW NAT Issues

    - by William Fleming
    *nat :POSTROUTING ACCEPT [0:0] -A POSTROUTING -s 10.8.0.0/24 -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE -A ufw-before-input -i tun0 -j ACCEPT -A ufw-before-output -i tun0 -j ACCEPT -A ufw-before-forward -s 10.8.0.0/24 -j ACCEPT -A ufw-before-forward -d 10.8.0.0/24 -j ACCEPT This input into my before.rules file stops me being able to ping the outside world. Before its fine i can ping google.co.uk after cant get out. Is there something wrong in my syntax here or what is the issue...? Im just trying to NAT my VPN so i can get internet access. Any thoughts would be greatly appreciated. Thanks William

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  • What permissions / ownership to set on PHP Sessions Folder when running FastCGI / PHP-FPM (as user "nobody")?

    - by Professor Frink
    I'm having trouble getting a number of scripts running because PHP-FPM can't write to my session folder: "2009/10/01 23:54:07 [error] 17830#0: *24 FastCGI sent in stderr: "PHP Warning: Unknown: open(/var/lib/php/session/sess_cskfq4godj4ka2a637i5lq41o5, O_RDWR) failed: Permission denied (13) in Unknown on line 0 PHP Warning: Unknown: Failed to write session data (files). Please verify that the current setting of session.save_path is correct (/var/lib/php/session) in Unknown on line 0" while reading upstream" Obviously this is a permission issue; my session folder's owner/group is the webserver's user, NGINX. PHP-FPM runs as nobody though, and hence adding it to the nginx group is not so trivial. A temporary solution is to set the permissions of /var/lib/php/session to 777 - I have a feeling that's not the "best practice" though. What is the best practice when you need to assign a daemon write access to a folder, but it is running as nobody ?

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  • Ubuntu Desktop system restore ?

    - by neolix
    Hello Geeks, We are using all the desktop ubuntu 8.04 to 10.04, we are looking same thing like system resorting to back date like windows feature. Around 500 desktop and 79 server we want to setup. Thanks

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  • How to find the /dev name of my USB device

    - by mustafa
    I am running Ubuntu 11 on VmWare on Windows XP. I want to format an SD card in Ubuntu. But, I can't figure out which /dev/xxx device the SD card is. I plug the card into the built-in socket of my laptop. I "safely remove" the device in Windows. Then, I "connect" the PCMCIA reader in VmWare. Now, I was supposing to see a new device like /dev/sdx. But, it doesn't appear :( How can I find what the name of my USB device's name and mount it? /var/log/message is empty. Here is the output of dmesg: [ 5268.927308] usb 2-1: new full speed USB device number 12 using uhci_hcd And, here is the last lines of /var/log/syslog: Oct 31 18:51:21 ubuntu kernel: [ 5268.927308] usb 2-1: new full speed USB device number 12 using uhci_hcd Oct 31 18:51:21 ubuntu mtp-probe: checking bus 2, device 12: "/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:11.0/0000:02:00.0/usb2/2-1" Oct 31 18:51:21 ubuntu mtp-probe: bus: 2, device: 12 was not an MTP device

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  • How to test server throughput

    - by embwbam
    I've always used apache benchmark to try to get a rough idea of how many requests/second my server can handle. I read that it was good, and it seemed to work well. Enter node.js, which is fully event-based, so it never blocks. If I run apache benchmark on a simple hello world server it can handle 2500 requests per second or so. However, if I put a timeout in the hello world function, so that it responds after 2 seconds, apache benchmark reports a dramatically reduced throughput: about 50/s. I'm running 100 concurrent connections with ab. If I increase the concurrency, it goes up. This makes sense, because apache benchmark is basically sending out requests in batches of 100, which come back every 2 seconds. 100 requests / 2 seconds = 50 requests / second If I increase the concurrency to about 400 or 500, it starts to crash. I don't think I've hit node.js's limit, I think I'm hitting a wall in my operating system on the number of open file descriptors or sockets or something. Any way I can get a good guess about how many requests my server can handle? I want to make sure the test computer isn't the one causing the problem.

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  • formatting before md device creation in RAID5

    - by kumar
    consider you are creating a raid5 device with three drives. mdadm --create /dev/md0 --leve=5 --raid-disk=3 /dev/sda1 /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdc1 After issuing this command , I can see the progress of md device creating using cat /proc/mdstat. During the progress ITSELF, can I create a file ssytem partition say ext2 on md0 device like: mkfs.ext2 /dev/md0. Actually I am able to create this and want to confirm whether doing this before 100% completion of md device creation is CORRECT?

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  • Postfix count relayed messages per user

    - by Martino Dino
    I would like to know if it's possible to count the outgoing (relayed) messages on a per user basis in postfix. I'm managing a small commercial SMTP relay and decided that it would be nice to have a detailed daily report on how much mail a single user have sent (and eventually enforce some limits) possibly in realtime. I've looked almost everywhere and started to think that writing my own milter would be the way to go... Are you aware of anything that already exists for postfix that can count and report relayed mail for authenticated users (a script, milter or whatever)?

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  • Monit network availability checking

    - by viraptor
    Hi, I'd like to start a service with monit but only when I have the correct ip bound to the host. Can this be done somehow with the normal config? For example I want to start a process xxx with pidfile xxx.pid, but only if host currently has 10.0.0.1 bound to some interface.

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  • Xorg input devices fail without udev

    - by Sampo
    What I am trying to do: Launch Xorg server without udev device manager. What I have tried to do: Make sure that /dev/ has all required nodes, such as /dev/input/*. Make sure that all required kernel modules are loaded. Launch Xorg. What happens: Xorg starts up as excepted. Xorg loads correct GPU driver and sets right screen resolution. Xorg blocks all input devices (keyboard, mouse), Alt+F[1-12] does not work (can't go back to tty1). Unraw'ing keyboard to take its control from X removes blocking and after unraw I can Alt+F1 back to tty1. Xorg still does not handle any input. Why I think that it should work: Same configuration works well if udev is loaded. Loading udev does not add or modify /dev/ contents, all nodes stays same. My main question is: How to make Xorg input devices work without udev? Any additional information about how Xorg really uses/detects/grabs keyboard would be helpful. And any additional information about what udev really does (other than populating /dev/) would also be helpful.

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  • Difference between tcp recv buffer and tcp receive window size?

    - by pradeepchhetri
    The command shows the tcp receive buffer size in bytes. $ cat /proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_rmem 4096 87380 4001344 where the three values signifies the min, default and max values respectively. Then I tried to find the tcp window size using tcpdump command. $ sudo tcpdump -n -i eth0 'tcp[tcpflags] & (tcp-syn|tcp-ack) == tcp-syn and port 80 and host google.com' tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode listening on eth0, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 65535 bytes 16:15:41.465037 IP 172.16.31.141.51614 > 74.125.236.73.80: Flags [S], seq 3661804272, win 14600, options [mss 1460,sackOK,TS val 4452053 ecr 0,nop,wscale 6], length 0 I got the window size to be 14600 which is 10 times the size of MSS. Can anyone please tell me the relationship between the two.

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  • "Possible SYN flooding" in log despite low number of SYN_RECV connections

    - by al4
    Recently we had an apache server which was responding very slowly due to SYN flooding. The workaround for this was to enable tcp_syncookies (net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies=1 in /etc/sysctl.conf). I posted a question about this here if you want more background. After enabling syncookies we started seeing the following message in /var/log/messages approximately every 60 seconds: [84440.731929] possible SYN flooding on port 80. Sending cookies. Vinko Vrsalovic informed me that this means the syn backlog is getting full, so I raised tcp_max_syn_backlog to 4096. At some point I also lowered tcp_synack_retries to 3 (down from the default of 5) by issuing sysctl -w net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries=3. After doing this, the frequency seemed to drop, with the interval of the messages varying between roughly 60 and 180 seconds. Next I issued sysctl -w net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog=65536, but am still getting the message in the log. Throughout all this I've been watching the number of connections in SYN_RECV state (by running watch --interval=5 'netstat -tuna |grep "SYN_RECV"|wc -l'), and it never goes higher than about 240, much much lower than the size of the backlog. Yet I have a Red Hat server which hovers around 512 (limit on this server is the default of 1024). Are there any other tcp settings which would limit the size of the backlog or am I barking up the wrong tree? Should the number of SYN_RECV connections in netstat -tuna correlate to the size of the backlog? Update As best I can tell I'm dealing with legitimate connections here, netstat -tuna|wc -l hovers around 5000. I've been researching this today and found this post from a last.fm employee, which has been rather useful. I've also discovered that the tcp_max_syn_backlog has no effect when syncookies are enabled (as per this link) So as a next step I set the following in sysctl.conf: net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries = 3 # default=5 net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 3 # default=5 net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 65536 # default=1024 net.core.wmem_max = 8388608 # default=124928 net.core.rmem_max = 8388608 # default=131071 net.core.somaxconn = 512 # default = 128 net.core.optmem_max = 81920 # default = 20480 I then setup my response time test, ran sysctl -p and disabled syncookies by sysctl -w net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies=0. After doing this the number of connections in the SYN_RECV state still remained around 220-250, but connections were starting to delay again. Once I noticed these delays I re-enabled syncookies and the delays stopped. I believe what I was seeing was still an improvement from the initial state, however some requests were still delayed which is much worse than having syncookies enabled. So it looks like I'm stuck with them enabled until we can get some more servers online to cope with the load. Even then, I'm not sure I see a valid reason to disable them again as they're only sent (apparently) when the server's buffers get full. But the syn backlog doesn't appear to be full with only ~250 connections in the SYN_RECV state! Is it possible that the SYN flooding message is a red herring and it's something other than the syn_backlog that's filling up? If anyone has any other tuning options I haven't tried yet I'd be more than happy to try them out, but I'm starting to wonder if the syn_backlog setting isn't being applied properly for some reason.

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  • Using NOPASSWD for specific commands in sudoers file, PASSWD for all others

    - by jberryman
    I would like to configure sudo such that users can run some specific commands without entering a password (for convenience) and can run all other commands by entering a password. This is what I have, but this does not work; a password is always required: Defaults env_reset Defaults timestamp_timeout = 1 root ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL # Allow members of group sudo to execute any command %sudo ALL=(ALL:ALL) NOPASSWD: /usr/sbin/pm-suspend, /usr/bin/apt-get, PASSWD: ALL #includedir /etc/sudoers.d Note that this is a debian system which uses this adding users to the "sudo" group method. Thanks.

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  • iptables management tools for large scale environment

    - by womble
    The environment I'm operating in is a large-scale web hosting operation (several hundred servers under management, almost-all-public addressing, etc -- so anything that talks about managing ADSL links is unlikely to work well), and we're looking for something that will be comfortable managing both the core ruleset (around 12,000 entries in iptables at current count) plus the host-based rulesets we manage for customers. Our core router ruleset changes a few times a day, and the host-based rulesets would change maybe 50 times a month (across all the servers, so maybe one change per five servers per month). We're currently using filtergen (which is balls in general, and super-balls at our scale of operation), and I've used shorewall in the past at other jobs (which would be preferable to filtergen, but I figure there's got to be something out there that's better than that). The "musts" we've come up with for any replacement system are: Must generate a ruleset fairly quickly (a filtergen run on our ruleset takes 15-20 minutes; this is just insane) -- this is related to the next point: Must generate an iptables-restore style file and load that in one hit, not call iptables for every rule insert Must not take down the firewall for an extended period while the ruleset reloads (again, this is a consequence of the above point) Must support IPv6 (we aren't deploying anything new that isn't IPv6 compatible) Must be DFSG-free Must use plain-text configuration files (as we run everything through revision control, and using standard Unix text-manipulation tools are our SOP) Must support both RedHat and Debian (packaged preferred, but at the very least mustn't be overtly hostile to either distro's standards) Must support the ability to run arbitrary iptables commands to support features that aren't part of the system's "native language" Anything that doesn't meet all these criteria will not be considered. The following are our "nice to haves": Should support config file "fragments" (that is, you can drop a pile of files in a directory and say to the firewall "include everything in this directory in the ruleset"; we use configuration management extensively and would like to use this feature to provide service-specific rules automatically) Should support raw tables Should allow you to specify particular ICMP in both incoming packets and REJECT rules Should gracefully support hostnames that resolve to more than one IP address (we've been caught by this one a few times with filtergen; it's a rather royal pain in the butt) The more optional/weird iptables features that the tool supports (either natively or via existing or easily-writable plugins) the better. We use strange features of iptables now and then, and the more of those that "just work", the better for everyone.

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  • how do you install php-devel

    - by user962449
    I keep getting dependency issues when I try to run yum install php-devel yum install --skip-broken php-devel .... --> Finished Dependency Resolution php-5.1.6-32.el5.i386 from base has depsolving problems --> Missing Dependency: php-common = 5.1.6-32.el5 is needed by package php-5.1.6-32.el5.i386 (base) php-cli-5.1.6-32.el5.i386 from base has depsolving problems --> Missing Dependency: php-common = 5.1.6-32.el5 is needed by package php-cli-5.1.6-32.el5.i386 (base) --> Running transaction check ---> Package php.i386 0:5.1.6-32.el5 set to be updated --> Processing Dependency: php = 5.1.6-32.el5 for package: php-devel ---> Package php-cli.i386 0:5.1.6-32.el5 set to be updated --> Finished Dependency Resolution php-devel-5.1.6-32.el5.i386 from base has depsolving problems --> Missing Dependency: php = 5.1.6-32.el5 is needed by package php-devel-5.1.6-32.el5.i386 (base) Packages skipped because of dependency problems: autoconf-2.59-12.noarch from base automake-1.9.6-2.3.el5.noarch from base imake-1.0.2-3.i386 from base php-5.1.6-32.el5.i386 from base php-cli-5.1.6-32.el5.i386 from base php-devel-5.1.6-32.el5.i386 from base Any ideas?

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  • racoon-tool doesn't generate full racoon.conf file in /var/lib/racoon/racoon.conf

    - by robthewolf
    I am using ipsec-tools/racoon to create my VPN. I am using racoon-tool to configure racoon.conf but when I run racoon-tool reload it only generates the first section - Global items. When I run racoon-tool I get: # racoon-tool reload Loading SAD and SPD... SAD and SPD loaded. Configuring racoon...done. This is the entire file /var/lib/racoon/racoon.conf # # Racoon configuration for Samuel # Generated on Wed Jan 5 21:31:49 2011 by racoon-tool # # # Global items # path pre_shared_key "/etc/racoon/psk.txt"; path certificate "/etc/racoon/certs"; log debug; I cannot find anywhere a solution as to why this is happening. Please help

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  • Changing Corosync/Heartbeat pair's active node based on MySQL/Galera cluster state

    - by Hace
    Background I'm planning on building a High Availability "cluster" for our Zabbix instance by placing two physical servers in one server room and two in another server room. In each server room one of the physical servers will run Zabbix on RHEL and the other will run Zabbix's MySQL database, also on RHEL. I'd prefer synchronous replication for the MySQL nodes so I'm planning on using Galera in a master-slave configuration. The Zabbix instances on the two Zabbix servers would be controlled by Heartbeat/Corosync (although Red Hat Cluster Suite is also an option...) If the Zabbix server in Server Room A goes down, the one in Server Room B becomes active (and vice versa). Ditto for the MySQL servers/instances. If either of those cases happen, however, the connection between the Zabbix server and the MySQL server becomes significantly slower as ti has to travel over WAN. Question Is it possible to configure the Heartbeat/CoroSync pair to instruct the MySQL/Galera cluster to change the master node to switch to (if available) the one that's in the server room as the active Heartbeat/Corosync -node and (more challengingly) is it possible to do the same in the other direction, i.e have the Galera cluster change the active Heartbeat/CoroSync server to be in the same room as the active MySQL master server in case of a failover in over to avoid unnecessary WAN transfers between the application and its DB? Theories Most likely I can get CoroSync to run something that'd log in to one of the DB nodes to change the MySQL/Galera master but I don't know if it's really possible to do anything similar in the other direction in Galera. Is it possible to define a "service" in CoroSync/Heartbeat so that both the service and its MySQL service would migrate as one if possible. Using the DB server that's behind WAN should still be a better option to DB downtime. Am I just using too many tools to solve a problem that'd be far simpler with something else?

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  • send outgoing email via postfix from mail client

    - by Ey Jay
    I have installed postfix on my ubuntu that is hosted on digitalocean. What I want to do is. With my smtp server setup, I want to use it to send mail from my email client. I don't need to receive, I just need to send. I can telnet example.com 25 successfully, I received the email in my inbox, but when I tried using in a email client. smtp: example.com:25 user: smtp1user password: smtp1userpassword I get an error that says "Server doesn't respond. Try changing the port." I dont know how to proceed.

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  • Migrating away from LVM

    - by Kye
    I have an Ubuntu home media server setup with 4.5TB split across a few hard-drives (1x3TB, 2x1TB) and I'm using LVM2 to manage the volumes. I have recently added a 60GB SSD to my server, and I wish to use it to house the 'root' partition of my server (which is currently under the LVM group). I don't want to simply add it to the LVM volume group, because (afaik) there's no way to ensure that the SSD will be used for the root filesystem. If I just throw it at the VG, it may be used to house my media, which would defeat the purpose of having the SSD in the first place. I feel that my only solution is to somehow remove my root partition from the LVM setup and copy it across to the SSD. My boot partition is, of course, not part of the LVM group. My disk setup is as follows: 60GB SSD: EMPTY. 1TB HDD: /boot, LVM space. 1TB HDD: LVM space. 3TB HHD: LVM space. I have a few logical volumes. my root (/), a 'media' volume for my media collection, a backup one for my network backups.etc. Does anyone have any advice as to how to go about this? My end goal is to have the 60GB SSD used for my boot and root partitions, with everything else on the 3TB/1TB/1TB hard-drives.

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  • How to configure mod_proxy_balancer to gracefully fail under high load

    - by bramp
    We have a system which has one Apache instance in front of multiple tomcats. These tomcats then connect to various databases. We balance the load to the tomcat with mod_proxy_balancer. Currently we are receiving 100 requests a second, the load on the Apache server is quite low, but due to database heavy operations on the tomcats, the load there is roughly 25% (of what I estimate they can handle). In a few weeks there is an event happening and we estimate that our requests will jump significant, maybe by a factor of 10. I'm doing everything I can do reduce the load on our tomcats, but I know we are going to run out of capacity, so I would like to fail gracefully. By this I mean, instead of trying to deal with too many connections which all timeout, I would like Apache to somehow monitor average response time, and as soon as the response time to Tomcat is getting above some threshold, I would like a error page displayed. This means that users who are lucky still get a page rendered quickly, and those who are unlucky get a error page quickly. Instead of everyone waiting far too long for their page, and eventually everyone timing out, and the database being swamped with queries which are never used. Hopefully this makes sense, so I was looking for suggestions on how I could achieve this. thanks

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  • nginx: php-fastcgi running but php files not executing

    - by Daniel
    I have recently set up a nginx server with PHP running as FastCGI process. The server is running with HTML files however PHP files are downloading instead of displaying and PHP code is not processed. This is what I have in nginx.conf: server { listen 80; server_name pubserver; location ~ \.php$ { root /usr/share/nginx/html; fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; fastcgi_index index.php; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /usr/share/nginx/html$fastcgi_script_name; include fastcgi_params; } } The command netstat -tulpn | grep :9000 displays the following which indicates php-fastcgi is running and listening on port 9000: tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:9000 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2663/php-cgi If it's if any importance my server is running on CentOS 6 and I installed nginx and PHP using the repositories from The Fedora Project.

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  • MySQL query, 2 similar servers, 2 minute difference in execution times

    - by mr12086
    I had a similar question on stack overflow, but it seems to be more server/mysql setup related than coding. The queries below all execute instantly on our development server where as they can take upto 2 minutes 20 seconds. The query execution time seems to be affected by home ambiguous the LIKE string's are. If they closely match a country that has few matches it will take less time, and if you use something like 'ge' for germany - it will take longer to execute. But this doesn't always work out like that, at times its quite erratic. Sending data appears to be the culprit but why and what does that mean. Also memory on production looks to be quite low (free memory)? Production: Intel Quad Xeon E3-1220 3.1GHz 4GB DDR3 2x 1TB SATA in RAID1 Network speed 100Mb Ubuntu Development Intel Core i3-2100, 2C/4T, 3.10GHz 500 GB SATA - No RAID 4GB DDR3 UPDATE 2 : mysqltuner output: [prod] -------- General Statistics -------------------------------------------------- [--] Skipped version check for MySQLTuner script [OK] Currently running supported MySQL version 5.1.61-0ubuntu0.10.04.1 [OK] Operating on 64-bit architecture -------- Storage Engine Statistics ------------------------------------------- [--] Status: +Archive -BDB -Federated +InnoDB -ISAM -NDBCluster [--] Data in MyISAM tables: 103M (Tables: 180) [--] Data in InnoDB tables: 491M (Tables: 19) [!!] Total fragmented tables: 38 -------- Security Recommendations ------------------------------------------- [OK] All database users have passwords assigned -------- Performance Metrics ------------------------------------------------- [--] Up for: 77d 4h 6m 1s (53M q [7.968 qps], 14M conn, TX: 87B, RX: 12B) [--] Reads / Writes: 98% / 2% [--] Total buffers: 58.0M global + 2.7M per thread (151 max threads) [OK] Maximum possible memory usage: 463.8M (11% of installed RAM) [OK] Slow queries: 0% (12K/53M) [OK] Highest usage of available connections: 22% (34/151) [OK] Key buffer size / total MyISAM indexes: 16.0M/10.6M [OK] Key buffer hit rate: 98.7% (162M cached / 2M reads) [OK] Query cache efficiency: 20.7% (7M cached / 36M selects) [!!] Query cache prunes per day: 3934 [OK] Sorts requiring temporary tables: 1% (3K temp sorts / 230K sorts) [!!] Joins performed without indexes: 71068 [OK] Temporary tables created on disk: 24% (3M on disk / 13M total) [OK] Thread cache hit rate: 99% (690 created / 14M connections) [!!] Table cache hit rate: 0% (64 open / 85M opened) [OK] Open file limit used: 12% (128/1K) [OK] Table locks acquired immediately: 99% (16M immediate / 16M locks) [!!] InnoDB data size / buffer pool: 491.9M/8.0M -------- Recommendations ----------------------------------------------------- General recommendations: Run OPTIMIZE TABLE to defragment tables for better performance Enable the slow query log to troubleshoot bad queries Adjust your join queries to always utilize indexes Increase table_cache gradually to avoid file descriptor limits Variables to adjust: query_cache_size (> 16M) join_buffer_size (> 128.0K, or always use indexes with joins) table_cache (> 64) innodb_buffer_pool_size (>= 491M) [dev] -------- General Statistics -------------------------------------------------- [--] Skipped version check for MySQLTuner script [OK] Currently running supported MySQL version 5.1.62-0ubuntu0.11.10.1 [!!] Switch to 64-bit OS - MySQL cannot currently use all of your RAM -------- Storage Engine Statistics ------------------------------------------- [--] Status: +Archive -BDB -Federated +InnoDB -ISAM -NDBCluster [--] Data in MyISAM tables: 185M (Tables: 632) [--] Data in InnoDB tables: 967M (Tables: 38) [!!] Total fragmented tables: 73 -------- Security Recommendations ------------------------------------------- [OK] All database users have passwords assigned -------- Performance Metrics ------------------------------------------------- [--] Up for: 1d 2h 26m 9s (5K q [0.058 qps], 1K conn, TX: 4M, RX: 1M) [--] Reads / Writes: 99% / 1% [--] Total buffers: 58.0M global + 2.7M per thread (151 max threads) [OK] Maximum possible memory usage: 463.8M (11% of installed RAM) [OK] Slow queries: 0% (0/5K) [OK] Highest usage of available connections: 1% (2/151) [OK] Key buffer size / total MyISAM indexes: 16.0M/18.6M [OK] Key buffer hit rate: 99.9% (60K cached / 36 reads) [OK] Query cache efficiency: 44.5% (1K cached / 2K selects) [OK] Query cache prunes per day: 0 [OK] Sorts requiring temporary tables: 0% (0 temp sorts / 44 sorts) [OK] Temporary tables created on disk: 24% (162 on disk / 666 total) [OK] Thread cache hit rate: 99% (2 created / 1K connections) [!!] Table cache hit rate: 1% (64 open / 4K opened) [OK] Open file limit used: 8% (88/1K) [OK] Table locks acquired immediately: 100% (1K immediate / 1K locks) [!!] InnoDB data size / buffer pool: 967.7M/8.0M -------- Recommendations ----------------------------------------------------- General recommendations: Run OPTIMIZE TABLE to defragment tables for better performance Enable the slow query log to troubleshoot bad queries Increase table_cache gradually to avoid file descriptor limits Variables to adjust: table_cache (> 64) innodb_buffer_pool_size (>= 967M) UPDATE 1: When testing the queries listed here there is usually no more than one other query taking place, and usually none. Because production is actually handling apache requests that development gets very few of as it's only myself and 1 other who accesses it - could the 4GB of RAM be getting exhausted by using the single machine for both apache and mysql server? Production: sudo hdparm -tT /dev/sda /dev/sda: Timing cached reads: 24872 MB in 2.00 seconds = 12450.72 MB/sec Timing buffered disk reads: 368 MB in 3.00 seconds = 122.49 MB/sec sudo hdparm -tT /dev/sdb /dev/sdb: Timing cached reads: 24786 MB in 2.00 seconds = 12407.22 MB/sec Timing buffered disk reads: 350 MB in 3.00 seconds = 116.53 MB/sec Server version(mysql + ubuntu versions): 5.1.61-0ubuntu0.10.04.1 Development: sudo hdparm -tT /dev/sda /dev/sda: Timing cached reads: 10632 MB in 2.00 seconds = 5319.40 MB/sec Timing buffered disk reads: 400 MB in 3.01 seconds = 132.85 MB/sec Server version(mysql + ubuntu versions): 5.1.62-0ubuntu0.11.10.1 ORIGINAL DATA : This query is NOT the query in question but is related so ill post it. SELECT f.form_question_has_answer_id FROM form_question_has_answer f INNER JOIN project_company_has_user p ON f.form_question_has_answer_user_id = p.project_company_has_user_user_id INNER JOIN company c ON p.project_company_has_user_company_id = c.company_id INNER JOIN project p2 ON p.project_company_has_user_project_id = p2.project_id INNER JOIN user u ON p.project_company_has_user_user_id = u.user_id INNER JOIN form f2 ON p.project_company_has_user_project_id = f2.form_project_id WHERE (f2.form_template_name = 'custom' AND p.project_company_has_user_garbage_collection = 0 AND p.project_company_has_user_project_id = '29') AND (LCASE(c.company_country) LIKE '%ge%' OR LCASE(c.company_country) LIKE '%abcde%') AND f.form_question_has_answer_form_id = '174' And the explain plan for the above query is, run on both dev and production produce the same plan. +----+-------------+-------+--------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------+---------+----------------------------------------------------+------+-------------+ | id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra | +----+-------------+-------+--------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------+---------+----------------------------------------------------+------+-------------+ | 1 | SIMPLE | p2 | const | PRIMARY | PRIMARY | 4 | const | 1 | Using index | | 1 | SIMPLE | f | ref | form_question_has_answer_form_id,form_question_has_answer_user_id | form_question_has_answer_form_id | 4 | const | 796 | Using where | | 1 | SIMPLE | u | eq_ref | PRIMARY | PRIMARY | 4 | new_klarents.f.form_question_has_answer_user_id | 1 | Using index | | 1 | SIMPLE | p | ref | project_company_has_user_unique_key,project_company_has_user_user_id,project_company_has_user_company_id,project_company_has_user_project_id | project_company_has_user_user_id | 4 | new_klarents.f.form_question_has_answer_user_id | 1 | Using where | | 1 | SIMPLE | f2 | ref | form_project_id | form_project_id | 4 | const | 15 | Using where | | 1 | SIMPLE | c | eq_ref | PRIMARY | PRIMARY | 4 | new_klarents.p.project_company_has_user_company_id | 1 | Using where | +----+-------------+-------+--------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------+---------+----------------------------------------------------+------+-------------+ This query takes 2 minutes ~20 seconds to execute. The query that is ACTUALLY being run on the server is this one: SELECT COUNT(*) AS num_results FROM (SELECT f.form_question_has_answer_id FROM form_question_has_answer f INNER JOIN project_company_has_user p ON f.form_question_has_answer_user_id = p.project_company_has_user_user_id INNER JOIN company c ON p.project_company_has_user_company_id = c.company_id INNER JOIN project p2 ON p.project_company_has_user_project_id = p2.project_id INNER JOIN user u ON p.project_company_has_user_user_id = u.user_id INNER JOIN form f2 ON p.project_company_has_user_project_id = f2.form_project_id WHERE (f2.form_template_name = 'custom' AND p.project_company_has_user_garbage_collection = 0 AND p.project_company_has_user_project_id = '29') AND (LCASE(c.company_country) LIKE '%ge%' OR LCASE(c.company_country) LIKE '%abcde%') AND f.form_question_has_answer_form_id = '174' GROUP BY f.form_question_has_answer_id;) dctrn_count_query; With explain plans (again same on dev and production): +----+-------------+-------+--------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------+---------+----------------------------------------------------+------+------------------------------+ | id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra | +----+-------------+-------+--------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------+---------+----------------------------------------------------+------+------------------------------+ | 1 | PRIMARY | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | Select tables optimized away | | 2 | DERIVED | p2 | const | PRIMARY | PRIMARY | 4 | | 1 | Using index | | 2 | DERIVED | f | ref | form_question_has_answer_form_id,form_question_has_answer_user_id | form_question_has_answer_form_id | 4 | | 797 | Using where | | 2 | DERIVED | p | ref | project_company_has_user_unique_key,project_company_has_user_user_id,project_company_has_user_company_id,project_company_has_user_project_id,project_company_has_user_garbage_collection | project_company_has_user_user_id | 4 | new_klarents.f.form_question_has_answer_user_id | 1 | Using where | | 2 | DERIVED | f2 | ref | form_project_id | form_project_id | 4 | | 15 | Using where | | 2 | DERIVED | c | eq_ref | PRIMARY | PRIMARY | 4 | new_klarents.p.project_company_has_user_company_id | 1 | Using where | | 2 | DERIVED | u | eq_ref | PRIMARY | PRIMARY | 4 | new_klarents.p.project_company_has_user_user_id | 1 | Using where; Using index | +----+-------------+-------+--------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------+---------+----------------------------------------------------+------+------------------------------+ On the production server the information I have is as follows. Upon execution: +-------------+ | num_results | +-------------+ | 3 | +-------------+ 1 row in set (2 min 14.28 sec) Show profile: +--------------------------------+------------+ | Status | Duration | +--------------------------------+------------+ | starting | 0.000016 | | checking query cache for query | 0.000057 | | Opening tables | 0.004388 | | System lock | 0.000003 | | Table lock | 0.000036 | | init | 0.000030 | | optimizing | 0.000016 | | statistics | 0.000111 | | preparing | 0.000022 | | executing | 0.000004 | | Sorting result | 0.000002 | | Sending data | 136.213836 | | end | 0.000007 | | query end | 0.000002 | | freeing items | 0.004273 | | storing result in query cache | 0.000010 | | logging slow query | 0.000001 | | logging slow query | 0.000002 | | cleaning up | 0.000002 | +--------------------------------+------------+ On development the results are as follows. +-------------+ | num_results | +-------------+ | 3 | +-------------+ 1 row in set (0.08 sec) Again the profile for this query: +--------------------------------+----------+ | Status | Duration | +--------------------------------+----------+ | starting | 0.000022 | | checking query cache for query | 0.000148 | | Opening tables | 0.000025 | | System lock | 0.000008 | | Table lock | 0.000101 | | optimizing | 0.000035 | | statistics | 0.001019 | | preparing | 0.000047 | | executing | 0.000008 | | Sorting result | 0.000005 | | Sending data | 0.086565 | | init | 0.000015 | | optimizing | 0.000006 | | executing | 0.000020 | | end | 0.000004 | | query end | 0.000004 | | freeing items | 0.000028 | | storing result in query cache | 0.000005 | | removing tmp table | 0.000008 | | closing tables | 0.000008 | | logging slow query | 0.000002 | | cleaning up | 0.000005 | +--------------------------------+----------+ If i remove user and/or project innerjoins the query is reduced to 30s. Last bit of information I have: Mysqlserver and Apache are on the same box, there is only one box for production. Production output from top: before & after. top - 15:43:25 up 78 days, 12:11, 4 users, load average: 1.42, 0.99, 0.78 Tasks: 162 total, 2 running, 160 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 0.1%us, 50.4%sy, 0.0%ni, 49.5%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Mem: 4037868k total, 3772580k used, 265288k free, 243704k buffers Swap: 3905528k total, 265384k used, 3640144k free, 1207944k cached top - 15:44:31 up 78 days, 12:13, 4 users, load average: 1.94, 1.23, 0.87 Tasks: 160 total, 2 running, 157 sleeping, 0 stopped, 1 zombie Cpu(s): 0.2%us, 50.6%sy, 0.0%ni, 49.3%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Mem: 4037868k total, 3834300k used, 203568k free, 243736k buffers Swap: 3905528k total, 265384k used, 3640144k free, 1207804k cached But this isn't a good representation of production's normal status so here is a grab of it from today outside of executing the queries. top - 11:04:58 up 79 days, 7:33, 4 users, load average: 0.39, 0.58, 0.76 Tasks: 156 total, 1 running, 155 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 3.3%us, 2.8%sy, 0.0%ni, 93.9%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Mem: 4037868k total, 3676136k used, 361732k free, 271480k buffers Swap: 3905528k total, 268736k used, 3636792k free, 1063432k cached Development: This one doesn't change during or after. top - 15:47:07 up 110 days, 22:11, 7 users, load average: 0.17, 0.07, 0.06 Tasks: 210 total, 2 running, 208 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 0.1%us, 0.2%sy, 0.0%ni, 99.7%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Mem: 4111972k total, 1821100k used, 2290872k free, 238860k buffers Swap: 4183036k total, 66472k used, 4116564k free, 921072k cached

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  • Getting rsync to move file from source to destination ?

    - by fabien-barbier
    Is rsync is a good choice for my project ? I have to : - copy files from source to destination folder via SSH, - be sure all files are copied, - delete source files after copy. - if I have conflict name, I have to rename files. It looks like I can use option : --remove-source-files (to delete source files) But how rsync manage conflict, can I had rules ? Use case on my project : I run scientific calculation on server A and results are inserted in folder "process", for each calculation I have a repository like this : /process/calc1. Now I would like to transfer repository "/calc1" to server B (I get /process/calc1), and delete "calc1" from server A. ...During another calculation I get "/process/calc2" on server A, the idea is also to move "calc2" in "/process/" directory on server B, then I have now on server B : - /process/calc1 - /process/calc2 (and /process/ on server A is empty). How rsync will manage conflict (on server B) if I have another folder like "/process/calc1" in server A after a new calculation (if "/process/calc1" already exist on server B) ? Is it possible to add rules with rsync, and rename "/process/calc1" by "process/calc1R2" in server B ? And so on (ex:calc1R3) ? Thanks.

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