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• How to prevent BeautifulSoup from stripping lines

  - by Oli

  I'm trying to translate an online html page into text. I have a problem with this structure: <div align="justify"><b>Available in <a href="http://www.example.com.be/book.php?number=1"> French</a> and <a href="http://www.example.com.be/book.php?number=5"> English</a>. </div> Here is its representation as a python string: '<div align="justify"><b>Available in \r\n<a href="http://www.example.com.be/book.php?number=1">\r\nFrench</a>; \r\n<a href="http://www.example.com.be/book.php?number=5">\r\nEnglish</a>.\r\n</div>' When using: html_content = get_html_div_from_above() para = BeautifulSoup(html_content) txt = para.text BeautifulSoup translate it (in the 'txt' variable) as: u'Available inFrenchandEnglish.' It probably strips each line in the original html string. Do you have a clean solution about this problem ? Thanks.

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• How to Return Variable for all tests to use Unittest

  - by chrissygormley

  Hello, I have a Python script and I am trying to set a variable so that if the first test fail's the rest of then will be set to fail. The script I have so far is: class Tests(): def function: result function.......... def errorHandle(self): return self.error def sudsPass(self): try: result = self.client.service.GetStreamUri(self.stream, self.token) except suds.WebFault, e: assert False except Exception, e: pass finally: if 'result' in locals(): self.error = True self.errorHandle() assert True else: self.error = False self.errorHandle() assert False def sudsFail(self): try: result = self.client.service.GetStreamUri(self.stream, self.token) except suds.WebFault, e: assert False except Exception, e: pass finally: if 'result' in locals() or self.error == False: assert False else: assert True class GetStreamUri(TestGetStreamUri): def runTest(self): self.sudsPass() class GetStreamUriProtocolFail(TestGetStreamUri): def runTest(self): self.stream.Transport.Protocol = "NoValue" self.errorHandle() self.sudsFail() if __name__ == '__main__': unittest.main() I am trying to get self.error to be set to False if the first test fail. I understand that it is being set in another test but I was hoping someone could help me find a solution to this problem using some other means. Thanks PS. Please ignore the strange tests. There is a problem with the error handling at the moment.

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• ISBNs are used as primary key, now I want to add non-book things to the DB - should I migrate to EAN

  - by fish2000

  I built an inventory database where ISBN numbers are the primary keys for the items. This worked great for a while as the items were books. Now I want to add non-books. some of the non-books have EANs or ISSNs, some do not. It's in PostgreSQL with django apps for the frontend and JSON api, plus a few supporting python command-line tools for management. the items in question are mostly books and artist prints, some of which are self-published. What is nice about using ISBNs as primary keys is that in on top of relational integrity, you get lots of handy utilities for validating ISBNs, automatically looking up missing or additional information on the book items, etcetera, many of which I've taken advantage. some such tools are off-the-shelf (PyISBN, PyAWS etc) and some are hand-rolled -- I tried to keep all of these parts nice and decoupled, but you know how things can get. I couldn't find anything online about 'private ISBNs' or 'self-assigned ISBNs' but that's the sort of thing I was interested in doing. I doubt that's what I'll settle on, since there is already an apparent run on ISBN numbers. should I retool everything for EAN numbers, or migrate off ISBNs as primary keys in general? if anyone has any experience with working with these systems, I'd love to hear about it, your advice is most welcome.

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• Javascript JQUERY AJAX: When Are These Implemented

  - by Michael Moreno

  I'm learning javascript. Poked around this excellent site to gather intel. Keep coming across questions / answers about javascript, JQUERY, JQUERY with AJAX, javascript with JQUERY, AJAX alone. My conclusion: these are all individually powerful and useful. My confusion: how does one determine which/which combination to use ? I've concluded that javascript is readily available on most browsers. For example, I can extend a simple HTML page with <html> <body> <script type="text/javascript"> document.write("Hello World!"); </script> </body> </html> However, within the scope of Python/DJANGO, many of these questions are JQUERY and AJAX related. At which point or under what development circumstances would I conclude that javascript alone isn't going to "cut it", and I need to implement JQUERY and/or AJAX and/or some other permutation ?

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• Operating on rows and then on columns of a matrix produces code duplication

  - by Chetan

  I have the following (Python) code to check if there are any rows or columns that contain the same value: # Test rows -> # Check each row for a win for i in range(self.height): # For each row ... firstValue = None # Initialize first value placeholder for j in range(self.width): # For each value in the row if (j == 0): # If it's the first value ... firstValue = b[i][j] # Remember it else: # Otherwise ... if b[i][j] != firstValue: # If this is not the same as the first value ... firstValue = None # Reset first value break # Stop checking this row, there's no win here if (firstValue != None): # If first value has been set # First value placeholder now holds the winning player's code return firstValue # Return it # Test columns -> # Check each column for a win for i in range(self.width): # For each column ... firstValue = None # Initialize first value placeholder for j in range(self.height): # For each value in the column if (j == 0): # If it's the first value ... firstValue = b[j][i] # Remember it else: # Otherwise ... if b[j][i] != firstValue: # If this is not the same as the first value ... firstValue = None # Reset first value break # Stop checking this column, there's no win here if (firstValue != None): # If first value has been set # First value placeholder now holds the winning player's code return firstValue # Return it Clearly, there is a lot of code duplication here. How do I refactor this code? Thanks!

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• How to get a template tag to auto-check a checkbox in Django

  - by Daniel Quinn

  I'm using a ModelForm class to generate a bunch of checkboxes for a ManyToManyField but I've run into one problem: while the default behaviour automatically checks the appropriate boxes (when I'm editing an object), I can't figure out how to get that information in my own custom templatetag. Here's what I've got in my model: ... from django.forms import CheckboxSelectMultiple, ModelMultipleChoiceField interests = ModelMultipleChoiceField(widget=CheckboxSelectMultiple(), queryset=Interest.objects.all(), required=False) ... And here's my templatetag: @register.filter def alignboxes(boxes, cls): """ Details on how this works can be found here: http://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.1/howto/custom-template-tags/ """ r = "" i = 0 for box in boxes.field.choices.queryset: r += "<label for=\"id_%s_%d\" class=\"%s\"><input type=\"checkbox\" name=\"%s\" value=\"%s\" id=\"id_%s_%d\" /> %s</label>\n" % ( boxes.name, i, cls, boxes.name, box.id, boxes.name, i, box.name ) i = i + 1 return mark_safe(r) The thing is, I'm only doing this so I can wrap some simpler markup around these boxes, so if someone knows how to make that happen in an easier way, I'm all ears. I'd be happy with knowing a way to access whether or not a box should be checked though.

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• Replace without the replace function

  - by Molly Potter

  Assignment: Let X and Y be two words. Find/Replace is a common word processing operation that finds each occurrence of word X and replaces it with word Y in a given document. Your task is to write a program that performs the Find/Replace operation. Your program will prompt the user for the word to be replaced (X), then the substitute word (Y ). Assume that the input document is named input.txt. You must write the result of this Find/Replace operation to a file named output.txt. Lastly, you cannot use the replace() string function built into Python (it would make the assignment much too easy). To test your code, you should modify input.txt using a text editor such as Notepad or IDLE to contain different lines of text. Again, the output of your code must look exactly like the sample output. This is my code: input_data = open('input.txt','r') #this opens the file to read it. output_data = open('output.txt','w') #this opens a file to write to. userStr= (raw_input('Enter the word to be replaced:')) #this prompts the user for a word userReplace =(raw_input('What should I replace all occurences of ' + userStr + ' with?')) #this prompts the user for the replacement word for line in input_data: words = line.split() if userStr in words: output_data.write(line + userReplace) else: output_data.write(line) print 'All occurences of '+userStr+' in input.txt have been replaced by '+userReplace+' in output.txt' #this tells the user that we have replaced the words they gave us input_data.close() #this closes the documents we opened before output_data.close() It won't replace anything in the output file. Help!

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• What should i do for accomodating large scale data storage and retrieval?

  - by kailashbuki

  There's two columns in the table inside mysql database. First column contains the fingerprint while the second one contains the list of documents which have that fingerprint. It's much like an inverted index built by search engines. An instance of a record inside the table is shown below; 34 "doc1, doc2, doc45" The number of fingerprints is very large(can range up to trillions). There are basically following operations in the database: inserting/updating the record & retrieving the record accoring to the match in fingerprint. The table definition python snippet is: self.cursor.execute("CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `fingerprint` (fp BIGINT, documents TEXT)") And the snippet for insert/update operation is: if self.cursor.execute("UPDATE `fingerprint` SET documents=CONCAT(documents,%s) WHERE fp=%s",(","+newDocId, thisFP))== 0L: self.cursor.execute("INSERT INTO `fingerprint` VALUES (%s, %s)", (thisFP,newDocId)) The only bottleneck i have observed so far is the query time in mysql. My whole application is web based. So time is a critical factor. I have also thought of using cassandra but have less knowledge of it. Please suggest me a better way to tackle this problem.

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• Optimization of Function with Dictionary and Zip()

  - by eWizardII

  Hello, I have the following function: def filetxt(): word_freq = {} lvl1 = [] lvl2 = [] total_t = 0 users = 0 text = [] for l in range(0,500): # Open File if os.path.exists("C:/Twitter/json/user_" + str(l) + ".json") == True: with open("C:/Twitter/json/user_" + str(l) + ".json", "r") as f: text_f = json.load(f) users = users + 1 for i in range(len(text_f)): text.append(text_f[str(i)]['text']) total_t = total_t + 1 else: pass # Filter occ = 0 import string for i in range(len(text)): s = text[i] # Sample string a = re.findall(r'(RT)',s) b = re.findall(r'(@)',s) occ = len(a) + len(b) + occ s = s.encode('utf-8') out = s.translate(string.maketrans("",""), string.punctuation) # Create Wordlist/Dictionary word_list = text[i].lower().split(None) for word in word_list: word_freq[word] = word_freq.get(word, 0) + 1 keys = word_freq.keys() numbo = range(1,len(keys)+1) WList = ', '.join(keys) NList = str(numbo).strip('[]') WList = WList.split(", ") NList = NList.split(", ") W2N = dict(zip(WList, NList)) for k in range (0,len(word_list)): word_list[k] = W2N[word_list[k]] for i in range (0,len(word_list)-1): lvl1.append(word_list[i]) lvl2.append(word_list[i+1]) I have used the profiler to find that it seems the greatest CPU time is spent on the zip() function and the join and split parts of the code, I'm looking to see if there is any way I have overlooked that I could potentially clean up the code to make it more optimized, since the greatest lag seems to be in how I am working with the dictionaries and the zip() function. Any help would be appreciated thanks!

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• Extract data from PostgreSQL DB without using pg_dump

  - by John Horton

  There is a PostgreSQL database on which I only have limited access (e.g, I can't use pg_dump). I am trying to create a local "mirror" by exporting certain tables from the database. I do not have the permissions needed to just dump a table as SQL from within psql. Right now, I just have a Python script that iterates through my table_names, selects all fields and then exports them as a CSV: for table_name, file_name in zip(table_names, file_names): cmd = """echo "\\\copy (select * from %s)" to stdout WITH CSV HEADER | psql -d remote_db | gzip > ./%s/%s.gz"""%(table_name,dir_name,file_name) os.system(cmd) I would like to not use CSV if possible, as I lose the field types and the encoding can get messed up. First best would probably be some way of getting the generating SQL code for the table using \copy. Next best would be XML, ideally with some way of preserving the field types. If that doesn't work, I think the final option might be two queries---one to get the field data types, the other to get the actual data. Any thoughts or advice would be greatly appreciated - thanks!

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• SEO google keyword position tools?

  - by Peterl86

  Hi guys, I want to check our google postions for several keywords every day and make a note in a spreadseet. At the moment, we have a student doing it but it's a rubbish job and it doesn't seem fair on them! Are there any tools available to automate this process? I have tried rankchecker by seobook.com, but although that should be exactly what im looking for when i set scheduled tasks in that, it doesnt work. Any tips would be appreciated, thanks! peter EDIT: Liam has suggested a Python script to do this, which unfortunately isnt something I'm very familiar with! If anyone knows of a good tutorial or something to help us with this, that would be brilliant. Update: Found a php script at seoscript.net which looks like a step in the right direction. But I cant get it to work! I get this error. Anyone more knowledgabe than me know how to fix that? I have PEAR installed. thanks again, Peter

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• Ways of breaking down SQL transactional/call data into reports -- 'square data'?

  - by RizwanK

  I've got a large database of call-traffic information (although the question could be answered with any generic data set.) For instance, a row contains : call endpoint server (endpoint_name) call endpoint status (sip_disconnect_reason) call destination (destination) call completed (duration) [duration 0 is completed] call account group (account_group) It's pretty easy to run SQL reports against the data, i.e. select count(*), endpoint_name from calls where duration0 group by endpoint_name select count(*),destination from calls where blah group by destination I've been calling this filtering or breakdown reports (I get the number of calls per carrier, etc.). Add another breakdown, and you've got two breakdowns, a la select count(*), endpoint_name, sip_disconnect_reason from calls where duration=0 group by endpoint_name, sip_disconnect_reason Of course, if you keep adding breakdowns, you end up making super-large reports and slicing your data so thin that you can't extract any trends from it. So my question is this : Is there a name for this sort of method of report writing? (I've heard words like squares, slicing and breakdown reports applied to them) --- I'm looking for a Python/Reporting toolkit that I can use to make these easier to generate for my end users. aside : Are there other ways of representing transactional data that might be useful rather than the above method? Thanks,

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• Paramiko ssh output stops at --more--

  - by Anesh

  The output stops printing at --more-- any idea how to get the end of the output >>> import paramiko >>> ssh = paramiko.SSHClient() >>> ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy()) >>> conn=ssh.connect("ipaddress",username="user", password="pass") >>> channel = ssh.invoke_shell() >>> channel.send("en\n") 3 >>> channel.send("password\n") 9 >>> channel.send("show security local-user-list\n") 30 >>> results = '' >>> channel.send("\n") 1 >>> results += channel.recv(5000) >>> print results bluecoat>en Password: bluecoat#show security local-user-list Default List: local_user_database Append users loaded from file to default list: false local_user_database Lockout parameters: Max failed attempts: 60 Lockout duration: 3600 Reset interval: 7200 Users: Groups: admin_local Lockout parameters: Max failed attempts: 60 Lockout duration: 3600 Reset interval: 7200 Users: <username> Hashed Password: Enabled: true Groups: <username> Hashed Password: Enabled: true **--More--** As you can see above the output stops printing at --more-- any idea how to get the output to print till the end.

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• Simplifying for-if messes with better structure?

  - by HH

  # Description: you are given a bitwise pattern and a string # you need to find the number of times the pattern matches in the string # any one liner or simple pythonic solution? import random def matchIt(yourString, yourPattern): """find the number of times yourPattern occurs in yourString""" count = 0 matchTimes = 0 # How can you simplify the for-if structures? for coin in yourString: #return to base if count == len(pattern): matchTimes = matchTimes + 1 count = 0 #special case to return to 2, there could be more this type of conditions #so this type of if-conditionals are screaming for a havoc if count == 2 and pattern[count] == 1: count = count - 1 #the work horse #it could be simpler by breaking the intial string of lenght 'l' #to blocks of pattern-length, the number of them is 'l - len(pattern)-1' if coin == pattern[count]: count=count+1 average = len(yourString)/matchTimes return [average, matchTimes] # Generates the list myString =[] for x in range(10000): myString= myString + [int(random.random()*2)] pattern = [1,0,0] result = matchIt(myString, pattern) print("The sample had "+str(result[1])+" matches and its size was "+str(len(myString))+".\n" + "So it took "+str(result[0])+" steps in average.\n" + "RESULT: "+str([a for a in "FAILURE" if result[0] != 8])) # Sample Output # # The sample had 1656 matches and its size was 10000. # So it took 6 steps in average. # RESULT: ['F', 'A', 'I', 'L', 'U', 'R', 'E']

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• Django sub-applications & module structure

  - by Rob Golding

  I am developing a Django application, which is a large system that requires multiple sub-applications to keep things neat. Therefore, I have a top level directory that is a Django app (as it has an empty models.py file), and multiple subdirectories, which are also applications in themselves. The reason I have laid my application out in this way is because the sub-applications are separated, but they would never be used on their own, outside the parent application. It therefore makes no sense to distribute them separately. When installing my application, the settings file has to include something like this: INSTALLED_APPS = ( ... 'myapp', 'myapp.subapp1', 'myapp.subapp2', ... ) ...which is obviously suboptimal. This also has the slightly nasty result of requiring that all the sub-applications are referred to by their "inner" name (i.e. subapp1, subapp2 etc.). For example, if I want to reset the database tables for subapp1, I have to type: python manage.py reset subapp1 This is annoying, especially because I have a sub-app called core - which is likely to conflict with another application's name when my application is installed in a user's project. Am I doing this completely wrongly, or is there away to force these "inner" apps to be referred to by their full name?

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• Fetching just the Key/id from a ReferenceProperty in App Engine

  - by ozone

  Hi SO, I could use a little help in AppEngine land... Using the [Python] API I create relationships like this example from the docs: class Author(db.Model): name = db.StringProperty() class Story(db.Model): author = db.ReferenceProperty(Author) story = db.get(story_key) author_name = story.author.name As I understand it, that example will make two datastore queries. One to fetch the Story and then one to deference the Author inorder to access the name. But I want to be able to fetch the id, so do something like: story = db.get(story_key) author_id = story.author.key().id() I want to just get the id from the reference. I do not want to have to deference (therefore query the datastore) the ReferenceProperty value. From reading the documentation it says that the value of a ReferenceProperty is a Key Which leads me to think that I could just call .id() on the reference's value. But it also says: The ReferenceProperty model provides features for Key property values such as automatic dereferencing. I can't find anything that explains when this referencing takes place? Is it safe to call .id() on the ReferenceProperty's value? Can it be assumed that calling .id() will not cause a datastore lookup?

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• What category of combinatorial problems appear on the logic games section of the LSAT?

  - by Merjit

  There's a category of logic problem on the LSAT that goes like this: Seven consecutive time slots for a broadcast, numbered in chronological order I through 7, will be filled by six song tapes-G, H, L, O, P, S-and exactly one news tape. Each tape is to be assigned to a different time slot, and no tape is longer than any other tape. The broadcast is subject to the following restrictions: L must be played immediately before O. The news tape must be played at some time after L. There must be exactly two time slots between G and P, regardless of whether G comes before P or whether G comes after P. I'm interested in generating a list of permutations that satisfy the conditions as a way of studying for the test and as a programming challenge. However, I'm not sure what class of permutation problem this is. I've generalized the type problem as follows: Given an n-length array A: How many ways can a set of n unique items be arranged within A? Eg. How many ways are there to rearrange ABCDEFG? If the length of the set of unique items is less than the length of A, how many ways can the set be arranged within A if items in the set may occur more than once? Eg. ABCDEF = AABCDEF; ABBCDEF, etc. How many ways can a set of unique items be arranged within A if the items of the set are subject to "blocking conditions"? My thought is to encode the restrictions and then use something like Python's itertools to generate the permutations. Thoughts and suggestions are welcome.

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• Installing django on dreamhost (help a newb out)

  - by augustfirst

  I'm trying to get django running on my dreahost account. I've been trying to sort of use two tutorials at once: the one on the dreamhost wiki and the one in the django book. I installed django using the script on the wiki page, but I ran into trouble immediately while trying to work through the django book. It says: To start the server, change into your project directory (cd mysite), if you haven’t already, and run this command: python manage.py runserver This launches the server locally, on port 8000, accessible only to connections from your own computer. Now that it’s running, visit 127.0.0.1:8000 with your Web browser. You’ll see a “Welcome to Django” page shaded in a pleasant pastel blue. It worked! Those instructions seem to assume that you're developing locally, not on a shared server. Where the heck am I supposed to look for the "Welcome to Django" page after starting the server? In my webroot? No dice. Anyway, I tried to blunder ahead through the django book to its hello world tutorial (chapter 3). But once I've edited the view file and the URLconf, I don't get a nice clean "hello world" text. Instead (as you can see) I get an "import error". Any help would be greatly appreciated.

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• Is www.example.com/post/21/edit a RESTful URI? I think I know the answer, but have another question.

  - by tmadsen

  I'm almost afraid to post this question, there has to be an obvious answer I've overlooked, but here I go: Context: I am creating a blog for educational purposes (want to learn python and web.py). I've decided that my blog have posts, so I've created a Post class. I've also decided that posts can be created, read, updated, or deleted (so CRUD). So in my Post class, I've created methods that respond to POST, GET, PUT, and DELETE HTTP methods). So far so good. The current problem I'm having is a conceptual one, I know that sending a PUT HTTP message (with an edited Post) to, e.g., /post/52 should update post with id 52 with the body contents of the HTTP message. What I do not know is how to conceptually correctly serve the (HTML) edit page. Will doing it like this: /post/52/edit violate the idea of URI, as 'edit' is not a resource, but an action? On the other side though, could it be considered a resource since all that URI will respond to is a GET method, that will only return an HTML page? So my ultimate question is this: How do I serve an HTML page intended for user editing in a RESTful manner?

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• Accessing data entered into multiple Django forms and generating them onto a new URL

  - by pedjk

  I have a projects page where users can start up new projects. Each project has two forms. The two forms are: class ProjectForm(forms.Form): Title = forms.CharField(max_length=100, widget=_hfill) class SsdForm(forms.Form): Status = forms.ModelChoiceField(queryset=P.ProjectStatus.objects.all()) With their respective models as follows: class Project(DeleteFlagModel): Title = models.CharField(max_length=100) class Ssd(models.Model): Status = models.ForeignKey(ProjectStatus) Now when a user fills out these two forms, the data is saved into the database. What I want to do is access this data and generate it onto a new URL. So I want to get the "Title" and the "Status" from these two forms and then show them on a new page for that one project. I don't want the "Title" and "Status" from all the projects to show up, just for one project at a time. If this makes sense, how would I do this? I'm very new to Django and Python (though I've read the Django tutorials) so I need as much help as possible. Thanks in advance Edit: The ProjectStatus code is (under models): class ProjectStatus(models.Model): Name = models.CharField(max_length=30) def __unicode__(self): return self.Name

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• Process xml-like log file queue

  - by Zsolt Botykai

  Hi all, first of all: I'm not a programmer, never was, although had learn a lot during my professional carreer as a support consultant. Now my task is to process - and create some statistics about a constantly written and rapidly growing XML like log file. It's not valid XML, because it does not have a proper <root> element, e.g. the log looks like this: <log itemdate="somedate"> <field id="0" /> ... </log> <log itemdate="somedate+1"> <field id="0" /> ... </log> <log itemdate="somedate+n"> <field id="0" /> ... </log> E.g. I have to count all the items with field id=0. But most of the solutions I had found (e.g. using XPath) reports an error about the garbage after the first closing </log>. Most probably I can use python (2.6, although I can compile 3.x as well), or some really old perl version (5.6.x), and recently compiled xmlstarlet which really looks promising - I was able to create the statistics for a certain period after copying the file, and pre- & appending the opening and closing root element. But this is a huge file and copying takes time as well. Isn't there a better solution? Thanks in advance!

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• Forwarding keypresses in GTK

  - by dguaraglia

  I'm writing a bit of code for a Gedit plugin. I'm using Python and the interface (obviously) is GTK. So, the issue I'm having is quite simple: I have a search box (a gtk.Entry) and right below I have a results box (a gtk.TreeView). Right after you type something in the search box you are presented a bunch of results, and I would like the user to be able to press the Up/Down keys to select one, Enter to choose it, and be done. Thing is, I can't seem to find a way to forward the Up/Down keypress to the TreeView. Currently I have this piece of code: def __onSearchKeyPress(self, widget, event): """ Forward up and down keys to the tree. """ if event.keyval in [gtk.keysyms.Up, gtk.keysyms.Down]: print "pressed up or down" e = gtk.gdk.Event(gtk.gdk.KEY_PRESS) e.keyval = event.keyval e.window = self.browser.window e.send_event = True self.browser.emit("key-press-event", e) return True I can clearly see I'm receiving the right kind of event, but the event I'm sending gets ignored by the TreeView. Any ideas? Thanks in advance people.

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• ndarray field names for both row and column?

  - by Graham Mitchell

  I'm a computer science teacher trying to create a little gradebook for myself using NumPy. But I think it would make my code easier to write if I could create an ndarray that uses field names for both the rows and columns. Here's what I've got so far: import numpy as np num_stud = 23 num_assign = 2 grades = np.zeros(num_stud, dtype=[('assign 1','i2'), ('assign 2','i2')]) #etc gv = grades.view(dtype='i2').reshape(num_stud,num_assign) So, if my first student gets a 97 on 'assign 1', I can write either of: grades[0]['assign 1'] = 97 gv[0][0] = 97 Also, I can do the following: np.mean( grades['assign 1'] ) # class average for assignment 1 np.sum( gv[0] ) # total points for student 1 This all works. But what I can't figure out how to do is use a student id number to refer to a particular student (assume that two of my students have student ids as shown): grades['123456']['assign 2'] = 95 grades['314159']['assign 2'] = 83 ...or maybe create a second view with the different field names? np.sum( gview2['314159'] ) # total points for the student with the given id I know that I could create a dict mapping student ids to indices, but that seems fragile and crufty, and I'm hoping there's a better way than: id2i = { '123456': 0, '314159': 1 } np.sum( gv[ id2i['314159'] ] ) I'm also willing to re-architect things if there's a cleaner design. I'm new to NumPy, and I haven't written much code yet, so starting over isn't out of the question if I'm Doing It Wrong. I am going to be needing to sum all the assignment points for over a hundred students once a day, as well as run standard deviations and other stats. Plus, I'll be waiting on the results, so I'd like it to run in only a couple of seconds. Thanks in advance for any suggestions.

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• sqlalchemy dynamic mapping

  - by adancu

  Hi, I have the following problem: I have the class: class Word(object): def __init__(self): self.id = None self.columns = {} def __str__(self): return "(%s, %s)" % (str(self.id), str(self.columns)) self.columns is a dict which will hold (columnName:columnValue) values. The name of the columns are known at runtime and they are loaded in a wordColumns list, for example wordColumns = ['english', 'korean', 'romanian'] wordTable = Table('word', metadata, Column('id', Integer, primary_key = True) ) for columnName in wordColumns: wordTable.append_column(Column(columnName, String(255), nullable = False)) I even created a explicit mapper properties to "force" the table columns to be mapped on word.columns[columnName], instead of word.columnName, I don't get any error on mapping, but it seems that doesn't work. mapperProperties = {} for column in wordColumns: mapperProperties['columns[\'%']' % column] = wordTable.columns[column] mapper(Word, wordTable, mapperProperties) When I load a word object, SQLAlchemy creates an object which has the word.columns['english'], word.columns['korean'] etc. properties instead of loading them into word.columns dict. So for each column, it creates a new property. Moreover word.columns dictionary doesn't even exists. The same way, when I try to persist a word, SQLAlchemy expects to find the column values in properties named like word.columns['english'] (string type) instead of the dictionary word.columns. I have to say that my experience with Python and SQLAlchemy is quite limited, maybe it isn't possible to do what I'm trying to do. Any help appreciated, Thanks in advance.

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• Design an Application That Stores and Processes Files

  - by phasetwenty

  I'm tasked with writing an application that acts as a central storage point for files (usually document formats) as provided by other applications. It also needs to take commands like "file 395 needs a copy in X format", at which point some work is offloaded to a 3rd party application. I'm having trouble coming up with a strategy for this. I'd like to keep the design as simple as possible, so I'd like to avoid big extra frameworks or techniques like threads for as long as it makes sense. The clients are expected to be web applications (for example, one is a django application that receives files from our customers; the others are not yet implemented). The platform it will be running on is likely going to be Python on Linux, unless I have a strong argument to use something else. In the beginning I thought I could fit the information I wanted to communicate in the filenames, and let my application parse the filename to figure out what it needed to do, but this is proving too inflexible with the amount of information I'm realizing I need to make available. Another idea is to pair FTP with a database used as a communication medium (client uploads a file and updates the database with a command as a row in a table) but I don't like this idea because adding commands (a known change) looks like it will require adding code as well as changing database schemas. It will also muddy up the interface my clients will have to use. I looked into Pyro to let applications communicate more directly but I don't like the idea of running an extra nameserver for this one purpose. I also don't see a good way to do file transfer within this framework. What I'm looking for is techniques and/or technologies applicable to my problem. At the simplest level, I need the ability to accept files and messages with them.

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