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• Hierarchy inheritance

  - by reito

  I had faced the problem. In my C++ hierarchy tree I have two branches for entities of difference nature, but same behavior - same interface. I created such hierarchy trees (first in image below). And now I want to work with Item or Base classes independetly of their nature (first or second). Then I create one abstract branch for this use. My mind build (second in image below). But it not working. Working scheme seems (third in image below). It's bad logic, I think... Do anybody have some ideas about such hierarchy inheritance? How make it more logical? More simple for understanding? Image Sorry for my english - russian internet didn't help:) Update: You ask me to be more explicit, and I will be. In my project (plugins for Adobe Framemaker) I need to work with dialogs and GUI controls. In some places I working with WinAPI controls, and some other places with FDK (internal Framemaker) controls, but I want to work throw same interface. I can't use one base class and inherite others from it, because all needed controls - is a hierarchy tree (not one class). So I have one hierarchy tree for WinAPI controls, one for FDK and one abstract tree to use anyone control. For example, there is an Edit control (WinEdit and FdkEdit realization), a Button control (WinButton and FdkButton realization) and base entity - Control (WinControl and FdkControl realization). For now I can link my classes in realization trees (Win and Fdk) with inheritence between each of them (WinControl is base class for WinButton and WinEdit; FdkControl is base class for FdkButton and FdkEdit). And I can link to abstract classes (Control is base class for WinControl and FdkControl; Edit is base class for WinEdit and FdkEdit; Button is base class for WinButton and FdkButton). But I can't link my abstract tree - compiler swears. In fact I have two hierarchy trees, that I want to inherite from another one. Update: I have done this quest! :) I used the virtual inheritence and get such scheme (http://img12.imageshack.us/img12/7782/99614779.png). Abstract tree has only absolute abstract methods. All inheritence in abstract tree are virtual. Link from realization tree to abstract are virtual. On image shown only one realization tree for simplicity. Thanks for help!

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• .NET: Is there a way to finagle a default namespace in an XPath 1.0 query?

  - by Cheeso

  I'm building a tool that performs xpath 1.0 queries on XHTML documents. The requirement to use a namespace prefix in the query is killing me. The query looks like this: html/body/div[@class='contents']/div[@class='body']/ div[@class='pgdbbyauthor']/h2[a[@name][starts-with(.,'Quick')]]/ following-sibling::ul[1]/li/a (all on one line) ...which is bad enough, except because it's xpath 1.0, I need to use an explicit namespace prefix on each QName, so it looks like this: ns1:html/ns1:body/ns1:div[@class='contents']/ns1:div[@class='body']/ ns1:div[@class='pgdbbyauthor']/ns1:h2[ns1:a[@name][starts-with(.,'Quick')]]/ following-sibling::ns1:ul[1]/ns1:li/ns1:a To set up the query, I do something like this: var xpathDoc = new XPathDocument(new StringReader(theText)); var nav = xpathDoc.CreateNavigator(); var xmlns = new XmlNamespaceManager(nav.NameTable); foreach (string prefix in xmlNamespaces.Keys) xmlns.AddNamespace(prefix, xmlNamespaces[prefix]); XPathNodeIterator selection = nav.Select(xpathExpression, xmlns); But what I want is for the xpathExpression to use the implicit default namespace. Is there a way for me to transform the unadorned xpath expression, after it's been written, to inject a namespace prefix for each element name in the query? I'm thinking, anything between two slashes, I could inject a prefix there. Excepting of course axis names like "parent::" and "preceding-sibling::" . And wildcards. That's what I mean by "finagle a default namespace". Is this hack gonna work? Addendum Here's what I mean. suppose I have an xpath expression, and before passing it to nav.Select(), I transform it. Something like this: string FixupWithDefaultNamespace(string expr) { string s = expr; s = Regex.Replace(s, "^(?!::)([^/:]+)(?=/)", "ns1:$1"); // beginning s = Regex.Replace(s, "/([^/:]+)(?=/)", "/ns1:$1"); // stanza s = Regex.Replace(s, "::([A-Za-z][^/:*]*)(?=/)", "::ns1:$1"); // axis specifier s = Regex.Replace(s, "\\[([A-Za-z][^/:*\\(]*)(?=[\\[\\]])", "[ns1:$1"); // predicate s = Regex.Replace(s, "/([A-Za-z][^/:]*)(?!<::)$", "/ns1:$1"); // end s = Regex.Replace(s, "^([A-Za-z][^/:]*)$", "ns1:$1"); // edge case s = Regex.Replace(s, "([-A-Za-z]+)\\(([^/:\\.,\\)]+)(?=[,\\)])", "$1(ns1:$2"); // xpath functions return s; } This actually works for simple cases I tried. To use the example from above - if the input is the first xpath expression, the output I get is the 2nd one, with all the ns1 prefixes. The real question is, is it hopeless to expect this Regex.Replace approach to work, as the xpath expressions get more complicated?

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• Best practices regarding equals: to overload or not to overload?

  - by polygenelubricants

  Consider the following snippet: import java.util.*; public class EqualsOverload { public static void main(String[] args) { class Thing { final int x; Thing(int x) { this.x = x; } public int hashCode() { return x; } public boolean equals(Thing other) { return this.x == other.x; } } List<Thing> myThings = Arrays.asList(new Thing(42)); System.out.println(myThings.contains(new Thing(42))); // prints "false" } } Note that contains returns false!!! We seems to have lost our things!! The bug, of course, is the fact that we've accidentally overloaded, instead of overridden, Object.equals(Object). If we had written class Thing as follows instead, then contains returns true as expected. class Thing { final int x; Thing(int x) { this.x = x; } public int hashCode() { return x; } @Override public boolean equals(Object o) { return (o instanceof Thing) && (this.x == ((Thing) o).x); } } Effective Java 2nd Edition, Item 36: Consistently use the Override annotation, uses essentially the same argument to recommend that @Override should be used consistently. This advice is good, of course, for if we had tried to declare @Override equals(Thing other) in the first snippet, our friendly little compiler would immediately point out our silly little mistake, since it's an overload, not an override. What the book doesn't specifically cover, however, is whether overloading equals is a good idea to begin with. Essentially, there are 3 situations: Overload only, no override -- ALMOST CERTAINLY WRONG! This is essentially the first snippet above Override only (no overload) -- one way to fix This is essentially the second snippet above Overload and override combo -- another way to fix The 3rd situation is illustrated by the following snippet: class Thing { final int x; Thing(int x) { this.x = x; } public int hashCode() { return x; } public boolean equals(Thing other) { return this.x == other.x; } @Override public boolean equals(Object o) { return (o instanceof Thing) && (this.equals((Thing) o)); } } Here, even though we now have 2 equals method, there is still one equality logic, and it's located in the overload. The @Override simply delegates to the overload. So the questions are: What are the pros and cons of "override only" vs "overload & override combo"? Is there a justification for overloading equals, or is this almost certainly a bad practice?

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• JNI cached jclass global reference variables being garbage collected?

  - by bubbadoughball

  I'm working in the JNI Invocation API, calling into Java from C. I have some upfront initialization to cache 30+ Java classes into global references. The results of FindClass are passed into NewGlobalRef to acquire a global reference to the class. I'm caching these class variables to reuse them later. I have 30+ global references to classes (and 30+ global methodIDs for the class constructors). In the following sample, I've removed exception handling as well as JNI invocation for the purpose of shortening the code snippet. My working code has exception checks after every JNI call and I'm running with -Xcheck:jni. Here's the snippet: jclass aClass; jclass bClass; jmethodID aCtor; jmethodID bCtor; void getGlobalRef(const char* clazz, jclass* globalClass) { jclass local = (*jenv)->FindClass(jenv,clazz); if (local) { *globalClass = (jclass) (*jenv)->NewGlobalRef(jenv,local); (*jenv)->DeleteLocalRef(jenv,local); } } methodID getMethodID(jclass clazz, const char* method, const char* sig) { return (*jenv)->GetMethodID(jenv,clazz,method,sig); } void initializeJNI() { getGlobalRef("MyProj/Testclass1", &aclass); getGlobalRef("MyProj/Testclass2", &bclass); . . aCtor = getMethodID(aclass,"<init>","()V"); bCtor = getMethodID(bclass,"<init>","(I)V"); } The initializeJNI() function sets the global references for jclasses and method IDs for constructors as well as some jfieldID's and some initialization of C data structures. After initialization, when I call into a JNI function using some of the cached jclasses and ctor jmethodIDs, I get a bad global or local reference calling reported from the -Xcheck:jni. In gdb, I break at the last line of initializeJNI(), and print all jclasses and jmethodIDs and the ones causing problems look to have been turned into garbage or garbage-collected (i.e. 0x00 or 0x06). Is it possible for global references to be gc'ed? Any suggestions?

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• Calling a function within a class

  - by JM4

  I am having trouble calling a specific function within a class. The call is made: case "Mod10": if (!validateCreditCard($fields[$field_name])) $errors[] = $error_message; break; and the class code is: class CreditCardValidationSolution { var $CCVSNumber = ''; var $CCVSNumberLeft = ''; var $CCVSNumberRight = ''; var $CCVSType = ''; var $CCVSError = ''; function validateCreditCard($Number) { $this->CCVSNumber = ''; $this->CCVSNumberLeft = ''; $this->CCVSNumberRight = ''; $this->CCVSType = ''; $this->CCVSError = ''; // Catch malformed input. if (empty($Number) || !is_string($Number)) { $this->CCVSError = $CCVSErrNumberString; return FALSE; } // Ensure number doesn't overrun. $Number = substr($Number, 0, 20); // Remove non-numeric characters. $this->CCVSNumber = preg_replace('/[^0-9]/', '', $Number); // Set up variables. $this->CCVSNumberLeft = substr($this->CCVSNumber, 0, 4); $this->CCVSNumberRight = substr($this->CCVSNumber, -4); $NumberLength = strlen($this->CCVSNumber); $DoChecksum = 'Y'; // Mod10 checksum process... if ($DoChecksum == 'Y') { $Checksum = 0; // Add even digits in even length strings or odd digits in odd length strings. for ($Location = 1 - ($NumberLength % 2); $Location < $NumberLength; $Location += 2) { $Checksum += substr($this->CCVSNumber, $Location, 1); } // Analyze odd digits in even length strings or even digits in odd length strings. for ($Location = ($NumberLength % 2); $Location < $NumberLength; $Location += 2) { $Digit = substr($this->CCVSNumber, $Location, 1) * 2; if ($Digit < 10) { $Checksum += $Digit; } else { $Checksum += $Digit - 9; } } // Checksums not divisible by 10 are bad. if ($Checksum % 10 != 0) { $this->CCVSError = $CCVSErrChecksum; return FALSE; } } return TRUE; } } When I run the application - I get the following message: Fatal error: Call to undefined function validateCreditCard() in C:\xampp\htdocs\validation.php on line 339 any ideas?

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• Android pluginable application

  - by Alxandr

  I've been trying to create an android-application the last couple of weeks, and mostly everything has worked out great, but there is one thing that I was wondering about, and that is pluginability trough the use of intents. What I'm trying to create is basically a comic-reader. As of the version I use now, I open the application and get a list of commics that are my favourites, then I enter one to get a detailed view, and finally I enter a page. This is managed trough 3 activities. List, Details and Page. However, as of now the application can only read comics of one source (a specialiced xml-feed comming from my server), and I was hoping to be able to expand this a litle (also, the page-activity and some other stuff needs to be cleaned up in, so I'm thinking about remaking from scratch, and just take the first go as a learning-round). And I came up with an idea which I think sounds great, but I don't know if it's possible, but this is what I'm thinking about: The user enters the application and get an (first time empty) list of comics. The user hits a button to find comics, this launces an intent that says something like "find comic" or something like that. This should cause the system to display all matching activities. This would make it possible to provide different comic-providers trough different applications. Another activity kicks in and might displays some options to the user (for instance a file-browser), or might not (in the example of an xml-feed, which should just load). The list is returned to the first activity and displayed to the user. The second (find) activity is closed. The user picks a comic from the list. This should open some details-activity. The details-activity should receive a key which corresponds to the comic selected. This should be unique amongst the comic-providers. The details-view should get it's data trough some cind of content-provider, or an activity (whichever is most suited, if one of them is). The user can select a page. This should be the same routine as step 5. My question is, is this possible in the android system, and if it is, is it a bad idea? And also, is there any better way to achieve more or less the same thing?

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• Is the recent trend toward widescreen (16:9) computer monitors a plus or minus for programmers?

  - by DanM

  It's almost gotten to the point where you can't buy a conventional (4:3) monitor anymore. Pretty much everything is widescreen. This is fine for watching movies or TV, but is it good or bad for programming? My initial thoughts on the issue are that widescreens are a net negative for programmers. Here are some of the disadvantages I see: Poor space utiliziation One disadvantage of widescreens you can't argue with is that they offer poor space utilization for the amount of total pixels you get. For example, my Thinkpad, which I bought just before the widescreen craze, has a 15" monitor with a native resolution of 1600 x 1200. The newer 15.4" Thinkpads run at most 1680 x 1050. So (if you do the math) you get fewer pixels in a wider (but not shorter) package. With desktop monitors, you pay a price in terms of desk space used. Two 1680 x 1050 monitors will simply take up more of your desk than two 1600 x 1200 monitors (assuming equal dot pitch). More scrolling If you compare a 1680 x 1050 monitor to a 1600 x 1200 monitor, you get 80 extra pixels of width but 150 fewer pixels of height. The height reduction means you lose approximately 11 lines of code. That's less you can see on the screen at one time and more scrolling you have to do. This harms productivity, maybe not dramatically, but insidiously. Less room for wide panels Widescreens also mean you lose space for wide but short panels common in programming environments. If you use Visual Studio, for example, your code window will be that much shorter when viewing the Find Results, Task List, or Error List (all of which I use frequently). This isn't to say the 80 pixels of extra width you get with widescreen would never be useful, but I tend to keep my lines of code short, so seeing more lines would be more valuable to me than seeing fewer, longer lines. What do you think? Do you agree/disagree? Are you now using one or more widescreen monitors for development? What resolution are you running on each? Do you ever miss the height of the traditional 4:3 monitor? Would you complain if your monitors were one inch narrower but two inches taller?

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• Some clarification on rvalue references

  - by Dennis Zickefoose

  First: where are std::move and std::forward defined? I know what they do, but I can't find proof that any standard header is required to include them. In gcc44 sometimes std::move is available, and sometimes its not, so a definitive include directive would be useful. When implementing move semantics, the source is presumably left in an undefined state. Should this state necessarily be a valid state for the object? Obviously, you need to be able to call the object's destructor, and be able to assign to it by whatever means the class exposes. But should other operations be valid? I suppose what I'm asking is, if your class guarantees certain invariants, should you strive to enforce those invariants when the user has said they don't care about them anymore? Next: when you don't care about move semantics, are there any limitations that would cause a non-const reference to be preferred over an rvalue reference when dealing with function parameters? void function(T&); over void function(T&&); From a caller's perspective, being able to pass functions temporary values is occasionally useful, so it seems as though one should grant that option whenever it is feasible to do so. And rvalue references are themselves lvalues, so you can't inadvertently call a move-constructor instead of a copy-constructor, or something like that. I don't see a downside, but I'm sure there is one. Which brings me to my final question. You still can not bind temporaries to non-const references. But you can bind them to non-const rvalue references. And you can then pass along that reference as a non-const reference in another function. void function1(int& r) { r++; } void function2(int&& r) { function1(r); } int main() { function1(5); //bad function2(5); //good } Besides the fact that it doesn't do anything, is there anything wrong with that code? My gut says of course not, since changing rvalue references is kind of the whole point to their existence. And if the passed value is legitimately const, the compiler will catch it and yell at you. But by all appearances, this is a runaround of a mechanism that was presumably put in place for a reason, so I'd just like confirmation that I'm not doing anything foolish.

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• Basic Custom String Class for C++

  - by wdow88

  Hey all, I'm working on building my own string class with very basic functionality. I am having difficulty understand what is going on with the basic class that I have define, and believe there is some sort of error dealing with the scope occurring. When I try to view the objects I created, all the fields are described as (obviously bad pointer). Also, if I make the data fields public or build an accessor method, the program crashes. For some reason the pointer for the object is 0xccccccccc which points to no where. How can a I fix this? Any help/comments are much appreciated. //This is a custom string class, so far the only functions are //constructing and appending #include<iostream> using namespace std; class MyString1 { public: MyString1() { //no arg constructor char *string; string = new char[0]; string[0] ='\0'; std::cout << string; size = 1; } //constructor receives pointer to character array MyString1(char* chars) { int index = 0; //Determine the length of the array while (chars[index] != NULL) index++; //Allocate dynamic memory on the heap char *string; string = new char[index+1]; //Copy the contents of the array pointed by chars into string, the char array of the object for (int ii = 0; ii < index; ii++) string[ii] = chars[ii]; string[index+1] = '\0'; size = index+1; } MyString1 append(MyString1 s) { //determine new size of the appended array and allocate memory int newsize = s.size + size; MyString1 MyString2; char *newstring; newstring = new char[newsize+1]; int index = 0; //load the first string into the array while (string[index] != NULL) { newstring[index] = string[index]; index++; } //load the second string while (s.string[index] != NULL) { newstring[index] = s.string[index]; index++; } //null terminate newstring[newsize+1] = '\0'; delete string; //generate the object for return MyString2.string=newstring; MyString2.size=newsize; return MyString2; } private: char *string; int size; }; int main() { MyString1 string1; MyString1 string2("Hello There"); MyString1 string3("Buddy"); string2.append(string3); return 0; }

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• SEO Help with Pages Indexed by Google

  - by Joe Majewski

  I'm working on optimizing my site for Google's search engine, and lately I've noticed that when doing a "site:www.joemajewski.com" query, I get results for pages that shouldn't be indexed at all. Let's take a look at this page, for example: http://www.joemajewski.com/wow/profile.php?id=3 I created my own CMS, and this is simply a breakdown of user id #3's statistics, which I noticed is indexed by Google, although it shouldn't be. I understand that it takes some time before Google's results reflect accurately on my site's content, but this has been improperly indexed for nearly six months now. Here are the precautions that I have taken: My robots.txt file has a line like this: Disallow: /wow/profile.php* When running the url through Google Webmaster Tools, it indicates that I did, indeed, correctly create the disallow command. It did state, however, that a page that doesn't get crawled may still get displayed in the search results if it's being linked to. Thus, I took one more precaution. In the source code I included the following meta data: <meta name="robots" content="noindex,follow" /> I am assuming that follow means to use the page when calculating PageRank, etc, and the noindex tells Google to not display the page in the search results. This page, profile.php, is used to take the $_GET['id'] and find the corresponding registered user. It displays a bit of information about that user, but is in no way relevant enough to warrant a display in the search results, so that is why I am trying to stop Google from indexing it. This is not the only page Google is indexing that I would like removed. I also have a WordPress blog, and there are many category pages, tag pages, and archive pages that I would like removed, and am doing the same procedures to attempt to remove them. Can someone explain how to get pages removed from Google's search results, and possibly some criteria that should help determine what types of pages that I don't want indexed. In terms of my WordPress blog, the only pages that I truly want indexed are my articles. Everything else I have tried to block, with little luck from Google. Can someone also explain why it's bad to have pages indexed that don't provide any new or relevant content, such as pages for WordPress tags or categories, which are clearly never going to receive traffic from Google. Thanks!

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• Initialize a Variable Again.

  - by SoulBeaver

  That may sound a little confusing. Basically, I have a function CCard newCard() { /* Used to store the string variables intermittantly */ std::stringstream ssPIN, ssBN; int picker1, picker2; int pin, bankNum; /* Choose 5 random variables, store them in stream */ for( int loop = 0; loop < 5; ++loop ) { picker1 = rand() % 8 + 1; picker2 = rand() % 8 + 1; ssPIN << picker1; ssBN << picker2; } /* Convert them */ ssPIN >> pin; ssBN >> bankNum; CCard card( pin, bankNum ); return card; } that creates a new CCard variable and returns it to the caller CCard card = newCard(); My teacher advised me that doing this is a violation of OOP principles and has to be put in the class. He told me to use this method as a constructor. Which I did: CCard::CCard() { m_Sperre = false; m_Guthaben = rand() % 1000; /* Work */ /* Convert them */ ssPIN >> m_Geheimzahl; ssBN >> m_Nummer; } All variables with m_ are member variables. However, the constructor works when I initialize the card normally CCard card(); at the start of the program. However, I also have a function, that is supposed to create a new card and return it to the user, this function is now broken. The original command: card = newCard(); isn't available anymore, and card = new CCard(); doesn't work. What other options do I have? I have a feeling using the constructor won't work, and that I probably should just create a class method newCard, but I want to see if it is somehow at all possible to do it the way the teacher wanted. This is creating a lot of headaches for me. I told the teacher that this is a stupid idea and not everything has to be classed in OOP. He has since told me that Java or C# don't allow code outside of classes, which sounds a little incredible. Not sure that you can do this in C++, especially when templated functions exist, or generic algorithms. Is it true that this would be bad code for OOP in C++ if I didn't force it into a class?

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• Algorithm to split an article without breaking the reading flow or HTML code

  - by Victor Stanciu

  Hello, I have a very large database of articles, of varying lengths. The articles have HTML elements in them. I have to insert some ads (simple <script> elements) in the body of each article when it is displayed (I know, I hate ads that interrupt my reading too). Now, the problem is that each ad must be inserted at about the same position in each article. The simplest solution is to simply split the article on a fixed number of characters (without breaking words), and insert the ad code. This, however, runs the risk of inserting the ad in the middle of a HTML tag. I could go the regex way, but I was thinking about the following solution, using JS: Establish a character count threshold. For example, "the add should be inserted at about 200 words" Set accepted deviations in each direction, say -20, +20 characters. Loop through each text node inside the article, and while doing so, keep count of the total number of characters so far Once the count exceeds the threshold, make the following decision: 4.1. If count exceeds the threshold by a value lower that the positive accepted deviation (for example, 17 characters), insert the ad code just after the current text node. 4.2. If the count is greater than the sum of the threshold and the deviation, roll back to the previous text node, and make the same decision, only this time use the previous count and check if it's lower than the difference between the threshold and the deviation, and if not, insert the ad between the current node and the previous one. 4.3. If the 4.1 and 4.2 fail (which means that the previous node reached a too low character count and the current node a too high one), insert the ad after whatever character count is needed inside the current element. I know it's convoluted, but it's the first thing out of my mind and it has the advantage that, by trying to insert the ad between text nodes, perhaps it will not break the flow of the article as bad as it would if I would just stick it in (like the final 4.3 case) Here is some pseudo-code I put together, I don't trust my english-explaining skills: threshold = 200 deviation = 20 current_count = 0 for each node in article_nodes { previous_count = current_count current_count = current_count + node.length if current_count < threshold { continue // next interation } if current_count > threshold + deviation { if previous_count < threshdold - deviation { // insert ad in current node } else { // insert ad between the current and previous nodes } } else { // insert ad after the current node } break; } Am I over-complicating stuff, or am I missing a simpler, more elegant solution?

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• How to properly preload images, js and css files?

  - by Kenny Bones

  Hi, I'm creating a website from scratch and I was really into this in the late 90's but the web has changed alot since then! And I'm more of a designer so when I started putting this site together, I basically did a system of php includes to make the site more "dynamic" When you first visit the site, you'll be presented to a logon screen, if you're not already logged on (cookies). If you're not logged on, a page called access.php is introdused. I thought I'd preload the most heavy images at this point. So that when the user is done logging on, the images are already cached. And this is working as I want. But I still notice that the biggest image still isn't rendered immediatly anyway. So it's seems kinda pointless. All of this has made me rethink how the site is structured and how scripts and css files are loaded. Using FireBug and YSlow with Firefox I see a few pointers like expires headers and reducing the size of each script. But is this really the culprit? For example, would this be really really stupid in the main index.php? The entire site is basically structured like this <?php require("dbconnect.php"); ?> <?php include ("head.php"); ?> And below this is basically just the body and the content of the site. Head.php however consists of the doctype, head portions, linking of two css style sheets, jQuery library, jQuery validation engine, Cufon and Cufon font file, and then the small Cufon.Replace snippet. The rest of the body comes with the index.php file, but at the bottom of this again is an include of a file called "footer.php" which basically consists of loading of a couple of jsLoader scripts and a slidepanel and then a js function. All of this makes the end page source look like a typical complete webpage, but I'm wondering if any of you can see immediatly that "this is really really stupid" and "don't do that, do this instead" etc. :) Are includes a bad way to go? This site is also pretty image intensive and I can probably do a little more optimization. But I don't think that's its the primary culprit. YSlow gives me a report of what takes up the most space: doc(1) - 5.8K js(5) - 198.7K css(2) - 5.6K cssimage(8) - 634.7K image(6) - 110.8K I know it looks like it's cssimage(8) that weighs the most, but I've already preloaded these images from before and it doesn't really affect the rendering.

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• iPhone Image Resources, ICO vs PNG, app bundle filesize

  - by Jasarien

  My application has a collection of around 1940 icons that are used throughout. They're currently in ICO and new images provided to me come in ICO format too. I have noticed that they contain a 16x16 and 32x32 representation of each icon in one file. Each file is roughly 4KB in filesize (as reported by finder, but ls reports that they vary from being ~1000 bytes to 5000 bytes) A very small number of these icons only contain the 32x32 representation, and as a result are only around 700 bytes in size. Currently I am bundling these icons with my application and they are inflating the size of the app a bit more than I would like. Altogether, the images total just about 25.5MB. Xcode must do some kind of compression because the resulting app bundle is about 12.4MB. Compressing this further into a ZIP (as it would be when submitted to the App Store), results in a final file of 5.8MB. I'm aware that the maximum limit for over the air App Store downloads has been raised to 20MB since the introduction of the iPad (I'm not sure if that extends to iPhone apps as well as iPad apps though, if not the limit would be 10MB). My worry is that new icons are going to be added (sometimes up to 10 icons per week), and will continue to inflate the app bundle over time. What is the best way to distribute these icons with my app? Things I've tried and not had much success with: Converting the icons from ICO to PNG: I tried this in the hopes that the pngcrush utility would help out with the filesize. But it appears that it doesn't make much of a difference between a normal PNG and a crushed png (I believe it just optimises the image for display on the iPhone's GPU rather than compress it's size). Also in going from ICO to PNG actually increased the size of the icon file... Zipping the images, and then uncompressing them on first run. While this did reduce the overall image sizes, I found that the effort needed to unzip them, copy them to the documents folder and ensure that duplication doesn't happen on upgrades was too much hassle to be worth the benefit. Also, on original and 3G iPhones unzipping and copying around 25MB of images takes too long and creates a bad experience... Things I've considered but not yet tried: Instead of distributing the icons within the app bundle, host them online, and download each icon on demand (it depends on the user's data as to which icons will actually be displayed and when). Issues with this is that bandwidth costs money, and image downloads will be bandwidth intensive. However, my app currently has a small userbase of around 5,500 users (of which I estimate around 1500 to be active based on Flurry stats), and I have a huge unused bandwidth allowance with my current hosting package. So I'm open to thoughts on how to solve this tricky issue.

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• PHP GD Allowed memory size exhausted

  - by gurun8

  I'm trying to process a directory of JPEG images (roughly 600+, ranging from 50k to 500k) using PHP: GD to resize and save the images but I've hit a bit of a snag quite early in the process. After correctly processing just 3 images (30K, 18K and 231K) I get a Allowed memory size of 16777216 bytes exhausted PHP Fatal error. I'm cycling through the images and calling the code below: list($w, $h) = getimagesize($src); if ($w > $it->width) { $newwidth = $it->width; $newheight = round(($newwidth * $h) / $w); } elseif ($w > $it->height) { $newheight = $it->height; $newwidth = round(($newheight * $w) / $h); } else { $newwidth = $w; $newheight = $h; } // create resize image $img = imagecreatetruecolor($newwidth, $newheight); $org = imagecreatefromjpeg($src); // Resize imagecopyresized($img, $org, 0, 0, 0, 0, $newwidth, $newheight, $w, $h); imagedestroy($org); imagejpeg($img, $dest); // Free up memory imagedestroy($img); I've tried to free up memory with the imagedestroy function but it doesn't seem to have any affect. The script just keeps consistently choking at the imagecreatefromjpeg line of code. I checked the php.ini and the memory_limit = 16M setting seems like it's holding correctly. But I can't figure out why the memory is filling up. Shouldn't it be releasing the memory back to the garbage collector? I don't really want to increase the memory_limit setting. This seems like a bad workaround that could potentially lead to more issues in the future. FYI: I'm running my script from a command prompt. It shouldn't affect the functionality but might influence your response so I thought I should mention it. Can anyone see if I'm just missing something simple or if there's a design flaw here? You'd think that this would be a pretty straightforward task. Surely this has to be possible, right?

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• When to call glEnable(GL_FRAMEBUFFER_SRGB)?

  - by Steven Lu

  I have a rendering system where I draw to an FBO with a multisampled renderbuffer, then blit it to another FBO with a texture in order to resolve the samples in order to read off the texture to perform post-processing shading while drawing to the backbuffer (FBO index 0). Now I'd like to get some correct sRGB output... The problem is the behavior of the program is rather inconsistent between when I run it on OS X and Windows and this also changes depending on the machine: On Windows with the Intel HD 3000 it will not apply the sRGB nonlinearity but on my other machine with a Nvidia GTX 670 it does. On the Intel HD 3000 in OS X it will also apply it. So this probably means that I'm not setting my GL_FRAMEBUFFER_SRGB enable state at the right points in the program. However I can't seem to find any tutorials that actually tell me when I ought to enable it, they only ever mention that it's dead easy and comes at no performance cost. I am currently not loading in any textures so I haven't had a need to deal with linearizing their colors yet. To force the program to not simply spit back out the linear color values, what I have tried is simply comment out my glDisable(GL_FRAMEBUFFER_SRGB) line, which effectively means this setting is enabled for the entire pipeline, and I actually redundantly force it back on every frame. I don't know if this is correct or not. It certainly does apply a nonlinearization to the colors but I can't tell if this is getting applied twice (which would be bad). It could apply the gamma as I render to my first FBO. It could do it when I blit the first FBO to the second FBO. Why not? I've gone so far as to take screen shots of my final frame and compare raw pixel color values to the colors I set them to in the program: I set the input color to RGB(1,2,3) and the output is RGB(13,22,28). That seems like quite a lot of color compression at the low end and leads me to question if the gamma is getting applied multiple times. I have just now gone through the sRGB equation and I can verify that the conversion seems to be only applied once as linear 1/255, 2/255, and 3/255 do indeed map to sRGB 13/255, 22/255, and 28/255 using the equation 1.055*C^(1/2.4)+0.055. Given that the expansion is so large for these low color values it really should be obvious if the sRGB color transform is getting applied more than once. So, I still haven't determined what the right thing to do is. does glEnable(GL_FRAMEBUFFER_SRGB) only apply to the final framebuffer values, in which case I can just set this during my GL init routine and forget about it hereafter?

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• Understanding C++ dynamic allocation

  - by kiokko89

  Consider the following code: class CString { private: char* buff; size_t len; public: CString(const char* p):len(0), buff(nullptr) { cout << "Constructor called!"<<endl; if (p!=nullptr) { len= strlen(p); if (len>0) { buff= new char[len+1]; strcpy_s(buff, len+1, p); } } } CString (const CString& s) { cout << "Copy constructor called!"<<endl; len= s.len; buff= new char[len+1]; strcpy_s(buff, len+1, s.buff); } CString& operator = (const CString& rhs) { cout << "Assignment operator called!"<<endl; if (this != &rhs) { len= rhs.len; delete[] buff; buff= new char[len+1]; strcpy_s(buff, len+1, rhs.buff); } return *this; } CString operator + (const CString& rhs) const { cout << "Addition operator called!"<<endl; size_t lenght= len+rhs.len+1; char* tmp = new char[lenght]; strcpy_s(tmp, lenght, buff); strcat_s(tmp, lenght, rhs.buff); return CString(tmp); } ~CString() { cout << "Destructor called!"<<endl; delete[] buff; } }; int main() { CString s1("Hello"); CString s2("World"); CString s3 = s1+s2; } My problem is that I don't know how to delete the memory allocated in the addition operator function(char* tmp = new char[length]). I couldn't do this in the constructor(I tried delete[] p) because it is also called from the main function with arrays of chars as parameters which are not allocated on the heap...How can I get around this? (Sorry for my bad English...)

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• Uploading files to varbinary(max) in SQL Server -- works on one server, not the other

  - by pjabbott

  I have some code that allows users to upload file attachments into a varbinary(max) column in SQL Server from their web browser. It has been working perfectly fine for almost two years, but all of a sudden it stopped working. And it stopped working on only the production database server -- it still works fine on the development server. I can only conclude that the code is fine and there is something up with the instance of SQL Server itself. But I have no idea how to isolate the problem. I insert a record into the ATTACHMENT table, only inserting non-binary data like the title and the content type, and then chunk-upload the uploaded file using the following code: // get the file stream System.IO.Stream fileStream = postedFile.InputStream; // make an upload buffer byte[] fileBuffer; fileBuffer = new byte[1024]; // make an update command SqlCommand fileUpdateCommand = new SqlCommand("update ATTACHMENT set ATTACHMENT_DATA.WRITE(@Data, NULL, NULL) where ATTACHMENT_ID = @ATTACHMENT_ID", sqlConnection, sqlTransaction); fileUpdateCommand.Parameters.Add("@Data", SqlDbType.Binary); fileUpdateCommand.Parameters.AddWithValue("@ATTACHMENT_ID", newId); while (fileStream.Read(fileBuffer, 0, fileBuffer.Length) > 0) { fileUpdateCommand.Parameters["@Data"].Value = fileBuffer; fileUpdateCommand.ExecuteNonQuery(); <------ FAILS HERE } fileUpdateCommand.Dispose(); fileStream.Close(); Where it says "FAILS HERE", it sits for a while and then I get a SQL Server timeout error on the very first iteration through the loop. If I connect to the development database instead, everything works fine (it runs through the loop many, many times and the commit is successful). Both servers are identical (SQL Server 9.0.3042) and the schemas are identical as well. When I open Activity Monitor right after the timeout to see what's going it, it says the last command is (@Data binary(1024),@ATTACHMENT_ID decimal(4,0))update ATTACHMENT set ATTACHMENT_DATA.WRITE(@Data, NULL, NULL) where ATTACHMENT_ID = @ATTACHMENT_ID which I would expect but it also says it has a status of "Suspended" and a wait type of "PAGEIOLATCH_SH". I looked this up and it seems to be a bad thing but I can't find anything specific to my stuation. Ideas?

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• Can this be imporved? Scrubing of dangerous html tags.

  - by chobo2

  Hi I been finding that for something that I consider pretty import there is very little information or libraries on how to deal with this problem. I found this while searching. I really don't know all the million ways that a hacker could try to insert the dangerous tags. I have a rich html editor so I need to keep non dangerous tags but strip out bad ones. So is this script missing anything? It uses html agility pack. public string ScrubHTML(string html) { HtmlDocument doc = new HtmlDocument(); doc.LoadHtml(html); //Remove potentially harmful elements HtmlNodeCollection nc = doc.DocumentNode.SelectNodes("//script|//link|//iframe|//frameset|//frame|//applet|//object|//embed"); if (nc != null) { foreach (HtmlNode node in nc) { node.ParentNode.RemoveChild(node, false); } } //remove hrefs to java/j/vbscript URLs nc = doc.DocumentNode.SelectNodes("//a[starts-with(translate(@href, 'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ', 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'), 'javascript')]|//a[starts-with(translate(@href, 'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ', 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'), 'jscript')]|//a[starts-with(translate(@href, 'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ', 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'), 'vbscript')]"); if (nc != null) { foreach (HtmlNode node in nc) { node.SetAttributeValue("href", "#"); } } //remove img with refs to java/j/vbscript URLs nc = doc.DocumentNode.SelectNodes("//img[starts-with(translate(@src, 'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ', 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'), 'javascript')]|//img[starts-with(translate(@src, 'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ', 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'), 'jscript')]|//img[starts-with(translate(@src, 'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ', 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'), 'vbscript')]"); if (nc != null) { foreach (HtmlNode node in nc) { node.SetAttributeValue("src", "#"); } } //remove on<Event> handlers from all tags nc = doc.DocumentNode.SelectNodes("//*[@onclick or @onmouseover or @onfocus or @onblur or @onmouseout or @ondoubleclick or @onload or @onunload]"); if (nc != null) { foreach (HtmlNode node in nc) { node.Attributes.Remove("onFocus"); node.Attributes.Remove("onBlur"); node.Attributes.Remove("onClick"); node.Attributes.Remove("onMouseOver"); node.Attributes.Remove("onMouseOut"); node.Attributes.Remove("onDoubleClick"); node.Attributes.Remove("onLoad"); node.Attributes.Remove("onUnload"); } } // remove any style attributes that contain the word expression (IE evaluates this as script) nc = doc.DocumentNode.SelectNodes("//*[contains(translate(@style, 'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ', 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'), 'expression')]"); if (nc != null) { foreach (HtmlNode node in nc) { node.Attributes.Remove("stYle"); } } return doc.DocumentNode.WriteTo(); }

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• How to Load Dependent Files on Demand + Check if They're Loaded or Not?

  - by br4inwash3r

  I'm trying to implement an assets/dependency loader that i've found from an old article at 24Ways.org. most of you might be familiar with it. it's from this article by Christian Heilmann: http://24ways.org/2007/keeping-javascript-dependencies-at-bay i've modified the script to load CSS files as well. and it's now quite close to what i want. but i still need to do some checking to see wether an asset have been completely loaded or not. just wondering if you guys have any ideas :) here's what my script currently looked like: var assetLoader = { assets: { products: { js: 'products.js', css: 'products.css', loaded: false }, articles: { js: 'articles.js', css: 'articles.css', loaded: false }, [...] cycle: { js: 'jquery.cycle.min.js', loaded: false }, swfobject: { js: 'jquery.swfobject.min.js', loaded: false } }, add: function(asset) { var comp = assetLoader.assets[asset]; var path = '/path/to/assets/'; if (comp && comp.loaded == false) { if (comp.js) { // load js var js = document.createElement('script'); js.src = path + 'js/' + comp.js; js.type = 'text/javascript'; js.charset = 'utf-8'; // append to document document.getElementsByTagName('body')[0].appendChild(js); } if (comp.css) { // load css var css = document.createElement('link'); css.rel = 'stylesheet'; css.href = path + 'css/' + comp.css; css.type = 'text/css'; css.media = 'screen, projection'; css.charset = 'utf-8'; // append to document document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(css); } } }, check: function(asset) { assetLoader.assets[asset].loaded = true; } } Christian explains this method in his article in great detail. I don't want to confuse you guys anymore with my bad english :P and here's an example of how i run the script: ... // load jquery cycle plugin if (page=='tvc' || page=='products') { if (!assetLoader.assets.cycle.loaded) { assetLoader.add('cycle'); } } // load products page assets if (!assetLoader.assets.products.loaded) { assetLoader.add('products'); } ... this kind of approach is very problematic though. coz assets loads asynchronously, which means some of the code inside products.js that depends on jquery.cycle.js might continue running before jquery.cycle.js is even loaded resulting in errors. while i'm quite aware that scripts can be attached with an onload event, i'm just not really sure how to implement it to my script. anyone care to help me? please... :P

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• Is this implementation truely tail-recursive?

  - by CFP

  Hello everyone! I've come up with the following code to compute in a tail-recursive way the result of an expression such as 3 4 * 1 + cos 8 * (aka 8*cos(1+(3*4))) The code is in OCaml. I'm using a list refto emulate a stack. type token = Num of float | Fun of (float->float) | Op of (float->float->float);; let pop l = let top = (List.hd !l) in l := List.tl (!l); top;; let push x l = l := (x::!l);; let empty l = (l = []);; let pile = ref [];; let eval data = let stack = ref data in let rec _eval cont = match (pop stack) with | Num(n) -> cont n; | Fun(f) -> _eval (fun x -> cont (f x)); | Op(op) -> _eval (fun x -> cont (op x (_eval (fun y->y)))); in _eval (fun x->x) ;; eval [Fun(fun x -> x**2.); Op(fun x y -> x+.y); Num(1.); Num(3.)];; I've used continuations to ensure tail-recursion, but since my stack implements some sort of a tree, and therefore provides quite a bad interface to what should be handled as a disjoint union type, the call to my function to evaluate the left branch with an identity continuation somehow irks a little. Yet it's working perfectly, but I have the feeling than in calling the _eval (fun y->y) bit, there must be something wrong happening, since it doesn't seem that this call can replace the previous one in the stack structure... Am I misunderstanding something here? I mean, I understand that with only the first call to _eval there wouldn't be any problem optimizing the calls, but here it seems to me that evaluation the _eval (fun y->y) will require to be stacked up, and therefore will fill the stack, possibly leading to an overflow... Thanks!

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• GridView's ItemContainerStyle and selection states

  - by Roberto Casadei

  I'm trying to change the appearance of gridview items when they are selected. (Before, I used a trick with an IsSelected property in the ViewModel object bound to the containing grid and a bool-to-color converter, but I recognize that it is bad) To do so, I do: <GridView ItemContainerStyle="{StaticResource GridViewItemContainerStyle}" ...> ... and <Style x:Key="GridViewItemContainerStyle" TargetType="GridViewItem"> <Setter Property="Background" Value="Red" /> <Setter Property="Template"> <Setter.Value> <ControlTemplate TargetType="GridViewItem"> <Grid> <VisualStateManager.VisualStateGroups> <VisualStateGroup x:Name="CommonStates"> <VisualState x:Name="Normal"> <Storyboard> <ObjectAnimationUsingKeyFrames Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Grid.Background)" Storyboard.TargetName="itemGrid"> <DiscreteObjectKeyFrame KeyTime="0" Value="Black"/> </ObjectAnimationUsingKeyFrames> </Storyboard> </VisualState> </VisualStateGroup> <VisualStateGroup x:Name="SelectionStates"> <VisualState x:Name="UnselectedSwiping"/> <VisualState x:Name="UnselectedPointerOver"/> <VisualState x:Name="Selecting"/> <VisualState x:Name="Selected"> <Storyboard> <ObjectAnimationUsingKeyFrames Storyboard.TargetProperty="(Grid.Background)" Storyboard.TargetName="itemGrid"> <DiscreteObjectKeyFrame KeyTime="0" Value="White"/> </ObjectAnimationUsingKeyFrames> </Storyboard> </VisualState> <VisualState x:Name="SelectedSwiping"/> <VisualState x:Name="Unselecting"/> <VisualState x:Name="Unselected"/> <VisualState x:Name="SelectedUnfocused"/> </VisualStateGroup> </VisualStateManager.VisualStateGroups> <Grid ... x:Name="itemGrid"> <!-- HERE MY DATA TEMPLATE --> </Grid> </Grid> </ControlTemplate> </Setter.Value> </Setter> </Style> When I run the app, the items are Black (as in the "normal" state). But selecting them does not turn them into White. Where am I wrong? Moreover, it there a way to set "ItemContainerStyle" without having it to "overwrite" the "ItemTemplate" ???

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• Check my anagram code from a job interview in the past.

  - by Michael Dorgan

  Had the following as an interview question a while ago and choked so bad on basic syntax that I failed to advance (once the adrenalin kicks in, coding goes out the window.) Given a list of string, return a list of sets of strings that are anagrams of the input set. i.e. "dog","god", "foo" should return {"dog","god"}. Afterward, I created the code on my own as a sanity check and it's been around now for a bit. I'd welcome input on it to see if I missed anything or if I could have done it much more efficiently. Take it as a chance to improve myself and learn other techniques: void Anagram::doWork(list input, list &output) { typedef list SortType; SortType sortedInput; // sort each string and pair it with the original for(list<string>::iterator i = input.begin(); i != input.end(); ++i) { string tempString(*i); std::sort(tempString.begin(), tempString.end()); sortedInput.push_back(make_pair(*i, tempString)); } // Now step through the new sorted list for(SortType::iterator i = sortedInput.begin(); i != sortedInput.end();) { set<string> newSet; // Assume (hope) we have a match and pre-add the first. newSet.insert(i->first); // Set the secondary iterator one past the outside to prevent // matching the original SortType::iterator j = i; ++j; while(j != sortedInput.end()) { if(i->second == j->second) { // If the string matches, add it to the set and remove it // so that future searches need not worry about it newSet.insert(j->first); j = sortedInput.erase(j); } else { // else, next element ++j; } } // If size is bigger than our original push, we have a match - save it to the output if(newSet.size() > 1) { output.push_back(newSet); } // erase this element and update the iterator i = sortedInput.erase(i); } }

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• Can this be improved? Scrubing of dangerous html tags.

  - by chobo2

  I been finding that for something that I consider pretty import there is very little information or libraries on how to deal with this problem. I found this while searching. I really don't know all the million ways that a hacker could try to insert the dangerous tags. I have a rich html editor so I need to keep non dangerous tags but strip out bad ones. So is this script missing anything? It uses html agility pack. public string ScrubHTML(string html) { HtmlDocument doc = new HtmlDocument(); doc.LoadHtml(html); //Remove potentially harmful elements HtmlNodeCollection nc = doc.DocumentNode.SelectNodes("//script|//link|//iframe|//frameset|//frame|//applet|//object|//embed"); if (nc != null) { foreach (HtmlNode node in nc) { node.ParentNode.RemoveChild(node, false); } } //remove hrefs to java/j/vbscript URLs nc = doc.DocumentNode.SelectNodes("//a[starts-with(translate(@href, 'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ', 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'), 'javascript')]|//a[starts-with(translate(@href, 'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ', 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'), 'jscript')]|//a[starts-with(translate(@href, 'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ', 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'), 'vbscript')]"); if (nc != null) { foreach (HtmlNode node in nc) { node.SetAttributeValue("href", "#"); } } //remove img with refs to java/j/vbscript URLs nc = doc.DocumentNode.SelectNodes("//img[starts-with(translate(@src, 'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ', 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'), 'javascript')]|//img[starts-with(translate(@src, 'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ', 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'), 'jscript')]|//img[starts-with(translate(@src, 'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ', 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'), 'vbscript')]"); if (nc != null) { foreach (HtmlNode node in nc) { node.SetAttributeValue("src", "#"); } } //remove on<Event> handlers from all tags nc = doc.DocumentNode.SelectNodes("//*[@onclick or @onmouseover or @onfocus or @onblur or @onmouseout or @ondoubleclick or @onload or @onunload]"); if (nc != null) { foreach (HtmlNode node in nc) { node.Attributes.Remove("onFocus"); node.Attributes.Remove("onBlur"); node.Attributes.Remove("onClick"); node.Attributes.Remove("onMouseOver"); node.Attributes.Remove("onMouseOut"); node.Attributes.Remove("onDoubleClick"); node.Attributes.Remove("onLoad"); node.Attributes.Remove("onUnload"); } } // remove any style attributes that contain the word expression (IE evaluates this as script) nc = doc.DocumentNode.SelectNodes("//*[contains(translate(@style, 'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ', 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'), 'expression')]"); if (nc != null) { foreach (HtmlNode node in nc) { node.Attributes.Remove("stYle"); } } return doc.DocumentNode.WriteTo(); }

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• Setting default values for inherited property without using accessor in Objective-C?

  - by Ben Stock

  I always see people debating whether or not to use a property's setter in the -init method. I don't know enough about the Objective-C language yet to have an opinion one way or the other. With that said, lately I've been sticking to ivars exclusively. It seems cleaner in a way. I don't know. I digress. Anyway, here's my problem … Say we have a class called Dude with an interface that looks like this: @interface Dude : NSObject { @private NSUInteger _numberOfGirlfriends; } @property (nonatomic, assign) NSUInteger numberOfGirlfriends; @end And an implementation that looks like this: @implementation Dude - (instancetype)init { self = [super init]; if (self) { _numberOfGirlfriends = 0; } } @end Now let's say I want to extend Dude. My subclass will be called Playa. And since a playa should have mad girlfriends, when Playa gets initialized, I don't want him to start with 0; I want him to have 10. Here's Playa.m: @implementation Playa - (instancetype)init { self = [super init]; if (self) { // Attempting to set the ivar directly will result in the compiler saying, // "Instance variable `_numberOfGirlfriends` is private." // _numberOfGirlfriends = 10; <- Can't do this. // Thus, the only way to set it is with the mutator: self.numberOfGirlfriends = 10; // Or: [self setNumberOfGirlfriends:10]; } } @end So what's a Objective-C newcomer to do? Well, I mean, there's only one thing I can do, and that's set the property. Unless there's something I'm missing. Any ideas, suggestions, tips, or tricks? Sidenote: The other thing that bugs me about setting the ivar directly — and what a lot of ivar-proponents say is a "plus" — is that there are no KVC notifications. A lot of times, I want the KVC magic to happen. 50% of my setters end in [self setNeedsDisplay:YES], so without the notification, my UI doesn't update unless I remember to manually add -setNeedsDisplay. That's a bad example, but the point stands. I utilize KVC all over the place, so without notifications, things can act wonky. Anyway, any info is much appreciated. Thanks!

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