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  • How can I limit the upload/download bandwidth on my CentOS server?

    - by Dan Nestor
    How can I limit the upload and download bandwidth on my CentOS server? This is a box with a single interface, eth0. Ideally, I would like a command-line solution (I've been trying to use tc), something that I could easily switch on and off in a script. So far I've been trying to do something like tc filter add dev eth0 protocol ip prio 50 u32 police rate 100kbit burst 10240 drop but I'm obviously missing a lot of knowledge and information. Can somebody help with a quick one-liner? Many thanks, Dan

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  • Compiling to a binary from source

    - by Chords
    I'm using WKHTMLTOPDF on a 64-bit Linux server and I'm running into problems with the version. Seen here: http://code.google.com/p/wkhtmltopdf/downloads/list There's slim pickins when it comes to pre-compiled binaries. I started with version 0.9.9 which has a few bugs. I upgraded to 0.11.0 RC 1 to find a slew of new problems, namely the following: http://code.google.com/p/wkhtmltopdf/issues/detail?id=730 I think 0.10 RC 2 would work, and the thread above suggests compiling from the source has a fix for the error I'm getting, but I don't know how to do that. Can anyone explain how I can create a static binary myself, or would anyone be willing to create and post one for the countless people waiting for this fix?

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  • BIOS password and hardware clock problems

    - by Slartibartfast
    I have HP 6730b lap top. I've bought it used and installed (Gentoo) linux on it. BIOS is protected with password, and guy I bought it from said "I've tweaked BIOS from Windows program, it never asked me for password". I've tried to erase password by removing battery, but it's still there. What did get erased obviously is hw clock. This is what hapends: a) I can leave lap top in January 1980 and it works b) I can correct system time, but boot wil fail with "superblock mount time in future" from where I need to manually do fsck and continue boot c) I can correct system time and sync it with hwclock -w but than it will behave as b) and it will reset BIOS time to 1.1.1980 00:00 So I need either a way to bypass a BIOS password (wich after lot of googling seems impossible),a way to persist a clock, or a setup that will enable hw clock in eighties, system clock in present time and normal boot.

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  • What is the EGG environment variable?

    - by Randall
    A user on our (openSuSE) linux systems attempted to run sudo, and triggered an alert. He has the environment variable EGG set - EGG=UH211åH1ÒH»ÿ/bin/shHÁSH211çH1ÀPWH211æ°;^O^Ej^A_j<X^O^EÉÃÿ This looks unusual to say the least. Is EGG a legitimate environment variable? (I've found some references to PYTHON_EGG_CACHE - could be related? But that environment variable isn't set for this user). If it's legit, then I imagine this group has the best chance of recognizing it. Or, given the embedded /bin/sh in the string above, does anyone recognize this as an exploit fingerprint? It wouldn't be the first time we had a cracked account (sigh).

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  • squid running out of sockets

    - by drscroogemcduck
    I have a setup where squid sits in front of a java server and acts as a reverse proxy. Recently i've load tested the site and if i fire 100 threads at it each making a request using jmeter i start getting errors in my load test tool like 'no route to host' even though the load test tool and the server are on the same machine. if i run the following command where port 82 is the port my squid server is running on: netstat -ann | grep 82 | wc -l i get 22000 or something and most of them are in TIMED_WAIT. i'm thinking that maybe the huge number of sockets in the TIMED_WAIT state are starving the box of resources.

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  • Webserver security, intrusion detection, and file intregrity

    - by enfield
    I would like to add some type of tracking / alerting on some linux webservers running PHP and Apache. In doing searches I have come across a lot of info from 2006-2009. Would like to revisit things and see what others are doing now. The main purpose here is to track when any files are changed and if so alert me somehow. The same goes for IDS and hopefully something that can reside on same server? Since some of these are small scale projects I would prefer opensource/free solutions that are really effective. Although I would still like to hear of other alternatives if someone has the experience and the cost can be justified.

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  • Disabling shutdown command for all users, even root - consequences?

    - by Rich
    I would like to disable the shutdown command for all users, even root, on an Ubuntu Server installation. The reason I want to do this is to ensure that I don't get into the habit of shutting down the machine in this way, as I SSH into a lot of production machines at the same time as this one, and I don't want to accidentally shutdown one of the other machines by typing the command into the wrong window. The server I want do disable shutdown on only runs inside VirtualBox on my Windows desktop, and I only use it for local testing so it is not a problem if I can't shut it down from the command line. I have already mitigated the problem a bit by ensuring I have a different password on the VirtualBox image, but obviously if I am within the sudo 'window' on one of the production machines, I could still accidentally shut it down. My questions are: How do I disable the shutdown command? If I do disable the shutdown command, are there any consequences that I should be made aware of? Most specifically, will it disable support for ACPI shutdown that is the equivalent of pressing the power button on a physical machine? Could it affect other generic applications? For information, I just use this VirtualBox image for trying out shell scripts, running Tomcat and Java, and that kind of thing.

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  • Automatically encrypting incoming email

    - by user16067
    I have a small website and would like to encrypt incoming email using gpg. Is there a way to force sendmail to check email and encrypt it if its not already encrypted? I'm using GPG on a linux server. Thanks [added]Someone asked what I hope to accomplish. My intent is for the users of the email to become more familiar with seeing thier own email encrypted and losing that fear of the unknown. The side benefit is that the email can't be looked at later down the road. If the email isn't encrypted on its way in, I'm unable to do anything about it. I'm assuming most email would be nosed around with once its already on my hard drive, so GPG would protect against those issues.

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  • why my server has a dir named "?"

    - by liuxingruo
    These are all the dirs in my server: ? bin boot dev etc home lib lost+found media media2 misc mnt net opt proc root sbin selinux srv sys tmp usr var why there is a "?" dir? Thanks very much. BTW: the touch command was found on my server(wiered). I list the bin dir: alsacard cp dd env hostname loadkeys more ps sed tcptraceroute alsaunmute cpio df ex igawk loadkeys.static mount pwd setfont traceroute6 arch csh dmesg false ipcalc logger mountpoint raw setserial tracert awk cut dnsdomainname fgrep kbd_mode login mv red sh view basename date doexec gawk keyctl ls netstat redhat_lsb_init sleep ypdomainname bash dbus-cleanup-sockets domainname gettext kill mail nice rm sort cat dbus-daemon dumpkeys grep ksh mailx nisdomainname rmdir stty chgrp dbus-monitor echo gtar ksh93 mkdir pgawk rpm su chmod dbus-send ed gunzip link mknod ping rvi sync chown dbus-uuidgen egrep gzip ln mktemp ping6 rview tar touch is missing, how can i get it back?

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  • CentOS - dual boot from new partition

    - by Dima
    I need to install two copies of the CentOS 5.5 (bank A and bank B) on different partitions of the same hard disk and install grub boot loader to another partition (visible from both banks). The boot loader should redirect the boot menu to bank A or bank B (according to the configuration). The new partition is mounted to /common_partition and grub is installed on it using following command: grub-install /dev/hda In the new partition I'm created the following menu.lst file: title BOOTCONTROL REDIRECT : PLEASE WAIT root (hd0,1) configfile /boot/menu.lst boot On my setup: both partitions (bank A and bank B) are primary and grub is installed on MBR. The problem is: but the new boot loader (on common_partition) did not load. What wrong on my configuration?

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  • apache server not working after installing zend server

    - by kamal
    i have apache installed in my redhat 5.3 server machine. and i was trying to install zend server. i installed zend server with install.sh file in directory /var/zend. in my windows machine after installling zend server community edition i was able to access apache server as well as zend server. but in my linux machine localhost displays nothing and localhost:10081 shows zend server. what can i do to run my localhost? or should i seperately install apache?

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  • Using rsync to take backup of folder

    - by Ali
    Hi, I have a server (Linux) with NAS which is mounted as folder "mount" I have website in "public_html" folder. I want to take backup of website in mount folder automatically at certain intervals for e.g. every hour. I read that there is something called "rsync" which is used to make two folders sync. And it doesn't copy all files every time and instead matches if the file has been changed and then only update changed files. How do I use it to make automatic backups? I have root access to server. Thanks

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  • How to increase max FD limit for a daemon process running under a headless user?

    - by Ameliorator
    To increase the FD limit for a daemon process running under a headless user on a Ubuntu Linux machine we did following changes in /etc/security/limits.conf soft nofile 10000 hard nofile 10000 We also added session required pam_limits.so in /etc/pam.d/login. The changes got reflected for all the users who logged out and logged in again. Whatever new processes are starting under those users are getting new FD limits. But for the daemon which is running under a headless user the changes are not getting reflected. what is the way by which the changes can be reflected for the daemon which is running under headless user ?

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  • How to force laptop mode on/off

    - by Vi
    root@vi-notebook:/home/vi# laptop_mode start force Laptop mode enabled, not active How to start laptop mode? It starts successfully when AC adapter is removed, but not by explicit command. The system is GNU/Linux Debian i386 squeeze (not up to date), 2.6.30-zen2-31270-gc7099db-dirty, Acer Extensa 5220. Update: Changed to ENABLE_LAPTOP_MODE_ON_AC=1 in /etc/laptop_mode/laptop-mode.conf, now it is turned on always. But I can't turn it off with laptop_mode stop force, it stays turned on anyway. How do I turn it off again?

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  • List of MD /Raid/LVM (Devices) = How to mount them without any further information available?

    - by Jens
    Hello Expets, I do not have much skills in linux and installed a system two years ago that I now had to reboot, but it seems I did not automate everything with start-scripts... My Problem: I miss some mountpoints. I have a list of my raids (excerpt:) md3 : active (auto-read-only) raid1 sda6[0] sdb6[1] 97659008 blocks [2/2] [UU] md4 : active (auto-read-only) raid1 sda7[0] sdb7[1] 250099776 blocks [2/2] [UU] and it seems md3 and md4 are NOT mounted. However i do NOT have any entries for them fstab file. What should I do next. I do NOT know which filesystem they have (most likely ext3). =Can I savely try to mount them with (mount -t ext3 /dev/md3 /mnt/mymntpoint) or will the lead to corrupted data, in case they are not ext3? What should I do next (based on the information given above). The goal is to remount these Devices again, but I do not know anything about them anymore... Thank you very much Jens

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  • Make own dial-up ISP using broadband connection [on hold]

    - by SkylarMT
    So, I see no reason why this wouldn't be possible. I have a Linux server (a Raspberry Pi to be exact) connected via Ethernet to a broadband ISP. I want to be able to dial a number, have it go through the normal telephone network, onto the Internet via a VoIP provider (I know you can call a Skype user from a landline), to my Raspberry Pi, and then have the Pi connect me to the Internet. I've found guides on making your own ISP, but they all involve a dedicated phone line on the server end. Is there a way to do this with no modem on the server end? I live in an area with a lot of people still on dialup, and if I pull this off I could make some extra money. Thanks!

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  • Subversion multi checkout post-commit hook?

    - by FLX
    The title must sound strange but I'm trying to achieve the following: SVN repo location: /home/flx/svn/flxdev SVN repo "flxdev" structure: + Project1 ++ files + Project2 + Project3 + Project4 I'm trying to set up a post-commit hook that automatically checks out on the other end when I do a commit. The post-commit doc explicitly lists the following: # POST-COMMIT HOOK # # The post-commit hook is invoked after a commit. Subversion runs # this hook by invoking a program (script, executable, binary, etc.) # named 'post-commit' (for which this file is a template) with the # following ordered arguments: # # [1] REPOS-PATH (the path to this repository) # [2] REV (the number of the revision just committed) So I made the following command to test: REPOS="$1" REV="$2" echo "Updated project $REPOS to $REV" However when I edit files in Project1 for example, this outputs "Updated project /home/flx/svn/flxdev to 1016" I'd like this to be: "Updated project Project1 to 1016" Having this variable allows me to specify to do different actions per project post-commit. How can I specify the project parameter? Thanks! Dennis

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  • Subversion multi checkout post-commit hook?

    - by FLX
    The title must sound strange but I'm trying to achieve the following: SVN repo location: /home/flx/svn/flxdev SVN repo "flxdev" structure: + Project1 ++ files + Project2 + Project3 + Project4 I'm trying to set up a post-commit hook that automatically checks out on the other end when I do a commit. The post-commit doc explicitly lists the following: # POST-COMMIT HOOK # # The post-commit hook is invoked after a commit. Subversion runs # this hook by invoking a program (script, executable, binary, etc.) # named 'post-commit' (for which this file is a template) with the # following ordered arguments: # # [1] REPOS-PATH (the path to this repository) # [2] REV (the number of the revision just committed) So I made the following command to test: REPOS="$1" REV="$2" echo "Updated project $REPOS to $REV" However when I edit files in Project1 for example, this outputs "Updated project /home/flx/svn/flxdev to 1016" I'd like this to be: "Updated project Project1 to 1016" Having this variable allows me to specify to do different actions per project post-commit. How can I specify the project parameter? Thanks! Dennis

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  • Dummy HTTP server for debugging

    - by Andrea
    This is more or less the inverse of my previous question. I need to debug some HTTP requests that I am making. Since these requests arise from the use of some external libraries, sometimes I am not sure of what is the actual data I am sending. Is there some dummy server (for Linux) that accepts HTTP requests and just prints them somewhere so that I can inspect them? I would like to be able to see in plain text the full request, like POST /foo HTTP/1.1 Host: www.example.com Accept: text/xml,text/html;q=0.9,text/plain;q=0.8,image/png,*/*;q=0.5 Accept-Language: en-gb,en;q=0.5 Content-Type: text/plain Content-Length: 11 Hello world

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  • Kickstart virtual console: No 'Shell prompt' at Alt-F2

    - by Stefan Lasiewski
    I am installing Scientific Linux 6.1 via kickstart, and I am trying to debug a problem. According to Tips and tricks for anaconda and kickstart, I should have several virtual consoles available: What the different terminals display Alt-F1 The installation dialog when using text or cmdline Alt-F2 A shell prompt Alt-F3 The install log displaying messages from install program Alt-F4 The system log displaying messages from kernel, etc. Alt-F5 All other messages Alt-F7 The installation dialog when using the graphical installer The Virtual Consoles Alt-F1, F3, F4 & F5 all work and show various logging information. However, the Virtual Console at Alt-F2 does not do anything. I could really use access to the shell prompt (Alt-F2), however there is no Shell prompt available at the second virtual console (Alt-F2). All I have is a blinking '_'. Can I forge Alt-F2 to show me a shell prompt?

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  • What is the difference between /sbin/nologin and /bin/false?

    - by Michael Hampton
    I have often heard it recommended that a user account should be disabled by setting its shell to /bin/false. But, on my existing Linux systems, I see that a great number of existing accounts (all of them service accounts) have a shell of /sbin/nologin instead. I see from the man page that /sbin/nologin prints a message to the user saying the account is disabled, and then exits. Presumably /bin/false would not print anything. I also see that /sbin/nologin is listed in /etc/shells, while /bin/false is not. The man page says that FTP will disable access for users with a shell not listed in /etc/shells and implies that other programs may do the same. Does that mean that somebody could FTP in with an account that has /sbin/nologin as its shell? What is the difference here? Which one of these should I use to disable a user account, and in what circumstances? What other effects does a listing in /etc/shells have?

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  • Sensitive data in init scripts

    - by Steve Jorgensen
    I'm adapting some examples I've found by Googling to build an init script to run a VirtualBox OSE virtual machine as a daemon. I would like to specify a password for VNC access to the VM, and this must be given as an argument to the VBoxHeadless command. Conventionally, init scripts are readable by standard users, and this seems like a useful convention, but I also don't want the VNC password for this VM to be stored in easily accessible plain text. What's the most appropriate/conventional way to handle this kind of situation? Maybe put a root-readable supporting data file someplace, and have the init script load the value from there?

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  • Making TT-RSS cache images

    - by Piku
    Due to Google Reader's untimely demise, I've installed tiny-tiny RSS on my Linux machine under Apache 2. It's mostly a good enough replacement and I can at least go back to reading RSS feeds in my web browser at work. Can I configure or hack TT-RSS to cache all the images it finds in its feeds? There is an option when adding a feed, but it doesn't seem to actually do anything. If I view (for example) today's XKCD comic in TT-RSS it still loads the image from the XKCD website. What I want is the image to be cached in TT-RSS and served from there instead.

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  • Automatically updating routing table on server

    - by bramp
    I have a LAN with three routers on it, one connected to the Internet, one VPN router connected to a few remote sites, and a final route connected to a private network (using BGP to get prefix advertisements). On the same LAN I have multiple Linux servers which needs access to the networks behind each router. I have achieved this by configuring static routes on the server, pointing the different network prefixes to the correct router. This has worked well, but every time we connect to a new remote VPN, we have to change all the servers to be aware that the network is now accessible via the VPN, and not via the default Internet route. What I want is a way to automatically update the routes on all of the servers, when the route is added to a routers. Now, I could install Quagga or something similar on all the servers to receive router advertisements, but that seems like overkill. So my question is what is the easiest/simpliest way to update the routing tables on the server automatically, and what protocol is best suited for this purpose. thanks

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  • Trixbox CentOS Default GW Problem (Multi-homed server)

    - by slashp
    I'm having an issue with a CentOS trixbox server which is dual-homed (one private facing NIC [eth1], one internet-facing NIC [eth0]). I can't seem to get the default gateway to set properly to our ISP's GW via eth0. I've modified the /etc/sysconfig/network to contain both a GATEWAY & GATEWAYDEV line and removed the GATEWAY line from /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth1 (as well as /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0). No default GW shows up in the routing table unless it's specified in the ifcfg-eth1 file (which both the wrong interface and wrong gateway IP), otherwise, the routing table simply does not contain a default gateway..any ideas would be greatly appreciated! Thanks! EDIT Just realized when attempting to add the default gateway manually using the route add command, I receive an error stating: SIOCADDRT: Network is unreachable I know this error can occur when your default gateway and interface IP address are not on the same subnet..in this case, my public IP address of eth0 is a /29.

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