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  • Why wont numpy matrix let me print its rows?

    - by uberjumper
    Okay this is probably a really dumb question, however its really starting to hurt. I have a numpy matrix, and basically i print it out row by row. However i want to make each row be formatted and separated properly. >>> arr = numpy.matrix([[x for x in range(5)] for y in range(5)]) >>> arr matrix([[0, 1, 2, 3, 4], [0, 1, 2, 3, 4], [0, 1, 2, 3, 4], [0, 1, 2, 3, 4], [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]]) Lets say i want to print the first row, and add a '|' between each element: >>> '|'.join(map(str, arr[0,])) '[[0 1 2 3 4]]' Err... >>> '|'.join(map(lambda x: str(x[0]), arr[0])) '[[0 1 2 3 4]]' I am really confused by this behavior why does it do this?

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  • Pylons error handling

    - by TJ Huffington
    Hello, I am just getting started with Pylons and am confused as to how to account for exceptions. What is the proper way to error check user input (ensure a correct email address, check that it doesn't yet exist in the database, etc ...)? Should these checks go inside the model classes or somewhere else? Sample code would be great.

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  • Get particular row as series from pandas dataframe

    - by Pratyush
    How do we get a particular filtered row as series? Example dataframe: >>> df = pd.DataFrame({'date': [20130101, 20130101, 20130102], 'location': ['a', 'a', 'c']}) >>> df date location 0 20130101 a 1 20130101 a 2 20130102 c I need to select the row where location is c as a series. I tried: row = df[df["location"] == "c"].head(1) # gives a dataframe row = df.ix[df["location"] == "c"] # also gives a dataframe with single row In either cases I can't the row as series.

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  • How to reset Scrapy parameters? (always running under same parameters)

    - by Jean Ventura
    I've been running my Scrapy project with a couple of accounts (the project scrapes a especific site that requieres login credentials), but no matter the parameters I set, it always runs with the same ones (same credentials). I'm running under virtualenv. Is there a variable or setting I'm missing? Edit: It seems that this problem is Twisted related. Even when I run: scrapy crawl -a user='user' -a password='pass' -o items.json -t json SpiderName I still get an error saying: ERROR: twisted.internet.error.ReactorNotRestartable And all the information I get, is the last 'succesful' run of the spider.

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  • How to replace empty string with zero in comma-separated string?

    - by dsaccount1
    "8,5,,1,4,7,,,,7,,1,9,3,6,,,8,6,3,9,,2,5,4,,,,,3,2,,,7,4,1,1,,4,,6,9,,5,,,,5,,,1,,6,3,,,6,5,,,,7,4,,1,7,6,,,,8,,5,,,7,1,,3,9," I'm doing a programming challenge where i need to parse this sequence into my sudoku script. Need to get the above sequence into 8,5,0,1,4,7,0,0,0,7,0,1,9,3,6,0,0,8......... I tried re but without success, help is appreciated, thanks.

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  • Is using os.path.abspath to validate an untrusted filename's location secure?

    - by mcmt
    I don't think I'm missing anything. Then again I'm kind of a newbie. def GET(self, filename): name = urllib.unquote(filename) full = path.abspath(path.join(STATIC_PATH, filename)) #Make sure request is not tricksy and tries to get out of #the directory, e.g. filename = "../.ssh/id_rsa". GET OUTTA HERE assert full[:len(STATIC_PATH)] == STATIC_PATH, "bad path" return open(full).read() Edit: I realize this will return the wrong HTTP error code if the file doesn't exist (at least under web.py). I will fix this.

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  • How to classify NN/NNP/NNS obtained from POS tagged document as a product feature

    - by Shweta .......
    I'm planning to perform sentiment analysis on reviews of product features (collected from Amazon dataset). I have extracted review text from the dataset and performed POS tagging on that. I'm able to extract NN/NNP as well. But my doubt is how do I come to know that extracted words classify as features of the products? I know there are classifiers in nltk but I don't know how I should use it for my project. I'm assuming there are 2 ways of finding whether the extracted word is a product feature or not. One is to compare with a bag of words and find out if my word exists in that. Doubt: How do I create/get bag of words? Second way is to implement some kind of apriori algorithm to find out frequently occurring words as features. I would like to know which method is good and how to go about implementing it. Some pointers to available softwares or code snippets would be helpful! Thanks!

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  • SQLAlchemy - relationship limited on more than just the foreign key

    - by Marian
    I have a wiki db layout with Page and Revisions. Each Revision has a page_id referencing the Page, a page relationship to the referenced page; each Page has a all_revisions relationship to all its revisions. So far so common. But I want to implement different epochs for the pages: If a page was deleted and is recreated, the new revisions have a new epoch. To help find the correct revisions, each page has a current_epoch field. Now I want to provide a revisions relation on the page that only contains its revisions, but only those where the epochs match. This is what I've tried: revisions = relationship('Revision', primaryjoin = and_( 'Page.id == Revision.page_id', 'Page.current_epoch == Revision.epoch', ), foreign_keys=['Page.id', 'Page.current_epoch'] ) Full code (you may run that as it is) However this always raises ArgumentError: Could not determine relationship direction for primaryjoin condition ...`, I've tried all I had come to mind, it didn't work. What am I doing wrong? Is this a bad approach for doing this, how could it be done other than with a relationship?

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  • How do I find the "concrete class" of a django model baseclass

    - by Mr Shark
    I'm trying to find the actual class of a django-model object, when using model-inheritance. Some code to describe the problem: class Base(models.model): def basemethod(self): ... class Child_1(Base): pass class Child_2(Base): pass If I create various objects of the two Child classes and the create a queryset containing them all: Child_1().save() Child_2().save() (o1, o2) = Base.objects.all() I want to determine if the object is of type Child_1 or Child_2 in basemethod, I can get to the child object via o1.child_1 and o2.child_2 but that reconquers knowledge about the childclasses in the baseclass. I have come up with the following code: def concrete_instance(self): instance = None for subclass in self._meta.get_all_related_objects(): acc_name = subclass.get_accessor_name() try: instance = self.__getattribute__(acc_name) return instance except Exception, e: pass But it feels brittle and I'm not sure of what happens when if I inherit in more levels.

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  • Use Google AppEngine datastore outside of AppEngine project

    - by Holtwick
    For my little framework Pyxer I would like to to be able to use the Google AppEngine datastores also outside of AppEngine projects, because I'm now used to this ORM pattern and for little quick hacks this is nice. I can not use Google AppEngine for all of my projects because of its's limitations in file size and number of files. A great alternative would also be, if there was a project that provides an ORM with the same naming as the AppEngine datastore. I also like the GQL approach very much, since this is a nice combination of ORM and SQL patterns. Any ideas where or how I might find such a solution? Thanks.

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  • Creating a structure from bytes with ctypes and IronPython

    - by Adal
    I have the following CPython code which I now try to run in IronPython: import ctypes class BarHeader(ctypes.Structure): _fields_ = [ ("id", ctypes.c_char * 4), ("version", ctypes.c_uint32)] bar_file = open("data.bar", "rb") header_raw = bar_file.read(ctypes.sizeof(BarHeader)) header = BarHeader.from_buffer_copy(header_raw) The last line raises this exception: TypeError: expected array, got str I tried BarHeader.from_buffer_copy(bytes(header_raw)) instead of the above, but then the exception message changes to TypeError: expected array, got bytes. Any idea what I'm doing wrong?

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  • How to get bit rotation function to accept any bit size?

    - by calccrypto
    i have these 2 functions i got from some other code def ROR(x, n): mask = (2L**n) - 1 mask_bits = x & mask return (x >> n) | (mask_bits << (32 - n)) def ROL(x, n): return ROR(x, 32 - n) and i wanted to use them in a program, where 16 bit rotations are required. however, there are also other functions that require 32 bit rotations, so i wanted to leave the 32 in the equation, so i got: def ROR(x, n, bits = 32): mask = (2L**n) - 1 mask_bits = x & mask return (x >> n) | (mask_bits << (bits - n)) def ROL(x, n, bits = 32): return ROR(x, bits - n) however, the answers came out wrong when i tested this set out. yet, the values came out correctly when the code is def ROR(x, n): mask = (2L**n) - 1 mask_bits = x & mask return (x >> n) | (mask_bits << (16 - n)) def ROL(x, n,bits): return ROR(x, 16 - n) what is going on and how do i fix this?

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  • unit test for proxy checking

    - by zubin71
    Proxy configuration of a machine can be easily fetched using def check_proxy(): import urllib2 http_proxy = urllib2.getproxies().get('http') I need to write a test for the above written function. In order to do that I need to:- Set the system-wide proxy to an invalid URL during the test(sounds like a bad idea). Supply an invalid URL to http_proxy. How can I achieve either of the above?

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  • basic unique ModelForm field for Google App Engine

    - by Alexander Vasiljev
    I do not care about concurrency issues. It is relatively easy to build unique form field: from django import forms class UniqueUserEmailField(forms.CharField): def clean(self, value): self.check_uniqueness(super(UniqueUserEmailField, self).clean(value)) def check_uniqueness(self, value): same_user = users.User.all().filter('email', value).get() if same_user: raise forms.ValidationError('%s already_registered' % value) so one could add users on-the-fly. Editing existing user is tricky. This field would not allow to save user having other user email. At the same time it would not allow to save a user with the same email. What code do you use to put a field with uniqueness check into ModelForm?

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  • How do I join three tables with SQLalchemy and keeping all of the columns in one of the tables?

    - by jimka
    So, I have three tables: The class defenitions: engine = create_engine('sqlite://test.db', echo=False) SQLSession = sessionmaker(bind=engine) Base = declarative_base() class Channel(Base): __tablename__ = 'channel' id = Column(Integer, primary_key = True) title = Column(String) description = Column(String) link = Column(String) pubDate = Column(DateTime) class User(Base): __tablename__ = 'user' id = Column(Integer, primary_key = True) username = Column(String) password = Column(String) sessionId = Column(String) class Subscription(Base): __tablename__ = 'subscription' userId = Column(Integer, ForeignKey('user.id'), primary_key=True) channelId = Column(Integer, ForeignKey('channel.id'), primary_key=True) And the SQL commands that are executed to create them: CREATE TABLE subscription ( "userId" INTEGER NOT NULL, "channelId" INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY ("userId", "channelId"), FOREIGN KEY("userId") REFERENCES user (id), FOREIGN KEY("channelId") REFERENCES channel (id) ); CREATE TABLE user ( id INTEGER NOT NULL, username VARCHAR, password VARCHAR, "sessionId" VARCHAR, PRIMARY KEY (id) ); CREATE TABLE channel ( id INTEGER NOT NULL, title VARCHAR, description VARCHAR, link VARCHAR, "pubDate" TIMESTAMP, PRIMARY KEY (id) ); NOTE: I know user.username should be unique, need to fix that, and I'm not sure why SQLalchemy creates some row names with the double-quotes. And I'm trying to come up with a way to retrieve all of the channels, as well as an indication on what channels one particular user (identified by user.sessionId together with user.id) has a subscription on. For example, say we have four channels: channel1, channel2, channel3, channel4; a user: user1; who has a subscription on channel1 and channel4. The query for user1 would return something like: channel.id | channel.title | subscribed --------------------------------------- 1 channel1 True 2 channel2 False 3 channel3 False 4 channel4 True This is a best-case result, but since I have absolutely no clue as how to accomplish the subscribed column, I've been instead trying to get the particular users id in the rows where the user has a subscription and where a subscription is missing, just leave it blank. The database engine that I'm using together with SQLalchemy atm. is sqlite3 I've been scratching my head over this for two days now, I've no problem joining together all three by way of the subscription table but then all of the channels where the user does not have a subscription gets omitted. I hope I've managed to describe my problem sufficiently, thanks in advance.

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  • Django: Determining if a user has voted or not

    - by TheLizardKing
    I have a long list of links that I spit out using the below code, total votes, submitted by, the usual stuff but I am not 100% on how to determine if the currently logged in user has voted on a link or not. I know how to do this from within my view but do I need to alter my below view code or can I make use of the way templates work to determine it? I have read http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1528583/django-vote-up-down-method but I don't quite understand what's going on ( and don't need any ofjavascriptery). Models (snippet): class Link(models.Model): category = models.ForeignKey(Category, blank=False, default=1) user = models.ForeignKey(User) created = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True) modified = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True) url = models.URLField(max_length=1024, unique=True, verify_exists=True) name = models.CharField(max_length=512) def __unicode__(self): return u'%s (%s)' % (self.name, self.url) class Vote(models.Model): link = models.ForeignKey(Link) user = models.ForeignKey(User) created = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True) def __unicode__(self): return u'%s vote for %s' % (self.user, self.link) Views (snippet): links = Link.objects.select_related().annotate(votes=Count('vote')).order_by('-created')

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  • Conditional operator in Mako using Pylons

    - by Antoine Leclair
    In PHP, I often use the conditional operator to add an attribute to an html element if it applies to the element in question. For example: <select name="blah"> <option value="1"<?= $blah == 1 ? ' selected="selected"' : '' ?>> One </option> <option value="2"<?= $blah == 2 ? ' selected="selected"' : '' ?>> Two </option> </select> I'm starting a project with Pylons using Mako for the templating. How can I achieve something similar? Right now, I see two possibilities that are not ideal. Solution 1: <select name="blah"> % if blah == 1: <option value="1" selected="selected">One</option> % else: <option value="1">One</option> % endif % if blah == 2: <option value="2" selected="selected">Two</option> % else: <option value="2">Two</option> % endif </select> Solution 2: <select name="blah"> <option value="1" % if blah == 1: selected="selected" % endif >One</option> <option value="2" % if blah == 2: selected="selected" % endif >Two</option> </select> In this particular case, the value is equal to the variable tested (value="1" = blah == 1), but I use the same pattern in other situations, like <?= isset($variable) ? ' value="$variable" : '' ?>. I am looking for a clean way to achieve this using Mako.

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  • How to create instances of a class from a static method?

    - by Pierre
    Hello. Here is my problem. I have created a pretty heavy readonly class making many database calls with a static "factory" method. The goal of this method is to avoid killing the database by looking in a pool of already-created objects if an identical instance of the same object (same type, same init parameters) already exists. If something was found, the method will just return it. No problem. But if not, how may I create an instance of the object, in a way that works with inheritance? >>> class A(Object): >>> @classmethod >>> def get_cached_obj(self, some_identifier): >>> # Should do something like `return A(idenfier)`, but in a way that works >>> class B(A): >>> pass >>> A.get_cached_obj('foo') # Should do the same as A('foo') >>> A().get_cached_obj('foo') # Should do the same as A('foo') >>> B.get_cached_obj('bar') # Should do the same as B('bar') >>> B().get_cached_obj('bar') # Should do the same as B('bar') Thanks.

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  • How to extend models of other applications in Django?

    - by culebrón
    I have a small app with Category model and want to make a required foreign key referencing it from Photologue Gallery model. What's the right approach? I can make many-to-many field in Category, but this way it will not be required in Gallery. Use "register" and modify the Gallery model? Inherit it in my app?

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  • How to build a Django form which requires a delay to be re-submitted ?

    - by pierre-guillaume-degans
    Hey, In order to avoid spamming, I would like to add a waiting time to re-submit a form (i.e. the user should wait a few seconds to submit the form, except the first time that this form is submitted). To do that, I added a timestamp to my form (and a security_hash field containing the timestamp plus the settings.SECRET_KEY which ensures that the timestamp is not fiddled with). This look like: class MyForm(forms.Form): timestamp = forms.IntegerField(widget=forms.HiddenInput) security_hash = forms.CharField(min_length=40, max_length=40, widget=forms.HiddenInput) # + some other fields.. # + methods to build the hash and to clean the timestamp... # (it is based on django.contrib.comments.forms.CommentSecurityForm) def clean_timestamp(self): """Make sure the delay is over (5 seconds).""" ts = self.cleaned_data["timestamp"] if not time.time() - ts > 5: raise forms.ValidationError("Timestamp check failed") return ts # etc... This works fine. However there is still an issue: the timestamp is checked the first time the form is submitted by the user, and I need to avoid this. Any idea to fix it ? Thank you ! :-)

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