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• smlnj rephrased question for listdir(filename, directoryname)

  - by czy1985

  i am a newbie learning sml and the question i am thrown with involves IO functions that i have no idea how it works even after reading it. Here is the 2 questions that i really need help with to get me started, please provide me with codings and some explaination, i will be able to trial and error with the code given for the other questions. Q1) listdir(filename,directoryname), which given the name of a directory, list its contents in a text file. The listing is in a form that makes it easy to seperate filenames, dates and sizes from each other. (similar to what msdos does with "dir" but instead of just listing it out, it places all the files and details into a text file. Q2) readlist(filename) which reads a list of filenames (each of which were produced by listdir in (Q1) and combines them into one large list. (reads from the text file in Q1 and then assigning the contents into 1 big list containing all the information) Thing is, i only learned from the lecturer in school on the introduction section, there isnt even a system input or output example shown, not even the "use file" function is taught. if anyone that knows sml sees this, please help. Thanks to anyone who took the effort helping me. Thanks for the reply, current I am using SMLNJ to try and do this. Basically, Q1 requires me to list the directory's files of the "directoryname" provided into a text file in "filename". The Q2 requires me to read from the "filename" text file and then place the contents into one large list. Duplicate of: smlnj listdir

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• Should I use MEF or Prism for my Silverlight project?

  - by Daniel

  Hi! My team(3 developers) will be building a Silverlight LOB application. This is the first Silverlight project for us. We've been doing mostly Winforms. We'll be using Silverlight4 / VS2010 / possibly WCF RIA Services, and ASP.NET Web application to handle authentication and host the silverlight pages. We need a way to.. Modularize the silverlight project so we can work in different parts of the application, then integrate them. Dynamically load different parts of the application, so the initial download size of the xap file wouldn't be too large. After some research, I found out that Prism and MEF are possible solutions to these goals. Can you give me advice on which framework to use? or possibly another solution? We don't have much experience on Silverlight and the project needs to be finished in 3 months, so the learning curves for frameworks should be considered. Thank you for reading! Any inputs will be much appreciated.

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• Third party multipart request in playframework

  - by Brian

  I'm making an application to post photos to yfrog and twitpic and I am having a little trouble figuring out how to set the parameters. Here is my code: public static Result index() { HttpClient httpclient = new DefaultHttpClient(); WSRequestHolder holder = WS.url("http://api.twitpic.com/2/upload.json"); holder.setHeader("Authorization", ""); return async(holder.post("").map(new Function<WS.Response, Result>() { public Result apply(WS.Response response) { return ok(response.getBody()); } })); } Now, I don't expect this to actually get an ok response from the server, as I am just testing the responses that I get back from the server, and that is one that says I need to provide the api key. I figured as much, but I'm not sure of the syntax for providing that parameter, as I need to also give the name of the file and the file. I tried setting holder.post("key=somekey"), with the hope that I would get a different error message (like the key you provided is invalid) but I just get the same error. I'm assuming that I probably need to send it in the for of a multipart request, but I am not very experienced with this kind of request and can't find any play documentation on how to create a multipart request, other than in an html form. Any suggestions and help will be much appreciated. And fyi, I do know that there are yfrog and twitpic java classes to handle this kind of stuff, but I want to do it myself, more so for learning how to do this kind of stuff. Thanks in advance!

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• Moving front page (cursebird or foursquare)

  - by Dan Samuels

  Ok so I'll be honest, I have a good amount of experience with php/mysql, I've just started learning jQuery and I've done very little, but some with ajax. So using the terms ajax/jquery interchangeably are a bit confusing to me. Anyway as the title suggest I have a website with 5 items, and I want them to move (meaning, if a more recent one is entered, remove the last item, and put the new one on top), they are 5 of the most recent items in the database table, now I've coded jquery as a test so it fades out the last one, the whole thing moves down, makes room at the top, and fades in a new one. However, it's a test and has 0 interaction with the database, the one that fades in is just in a hidden div. So the jQuery part is taken care of. So I'm unsure how to go about this, I was thinking maybe have ajax check a website off the page that has those 5 items in raw format, and if they change then to refresh? Not looking for a "plz code 4 me" answer, just the concept of how it would work, or some links to get off to the right start. edit - Also, the 5 items are ranked, so if I click item 3 I need it to move above item 2 refreshlessly, so this causes a whole other issue I assume.

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• How is a functional programming-based javascript app laid out?

  - by user321521

  I've been working with node.js for awhile on a chat app (I know, very original, but I figured it'd be a good learning project). Underscore.js provides a lot of functional programming concepts which look interesting, so I'd like to understand how a functional program in javascript would be setup. From my understanding of functional programming (which may be wrong), the whole idea is to avoid side effects, which are basically having a function which updates another variable outside of the function so something like var external; function foo() { external = 'bar'; } foo(); would be creating a side effect, correct? So as a general rule, you want to avoid disturbing variables in the global scope. Ok, so how does that work when you're dealing with objects and what not? For example, a lot of times, I'll have a constructor and an init method that initializes the object, like so: var Foo = function(initVars) { this.init(initVars); } Foo.prototype.init = function(initVars) { this.bar1 = initVars['bar1']; this.bar2 = initVars['bar2']; //.... } var myFoo = new Foo({'bar1': '1', 'bar2': '2'}); So my init method is intentionally causing side effects, but what would be a functional way to handle the same sort of situation? Also, if anyone could point me to either a python or javascript source code of a program that tries to be as functional as possible, that would also be much appreciated. I feel like I'm close to "getting it", but I'm just not quite there. Mainly I'm interested in how functional programming works with traditional OOP classes concept (or does away with it for something different if that's the case).

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• IF-block brackets: best practice

  - by MasterPeter

  I am preparing a short tutorial for level 1 uni students learning JavaScript basics. The task is to validate a phone number. The number must not contain non-digits and must be 14 digits long or less. The following code excerpt is what I came up with and I would like to make it as readable as possible. if ( //set of rules for invalid phone number phoneNumber.length == 0 //empty || phoneNumber.length > 14 //too long || /\D/.test(phoneNumber) //contains non-digits ) { setMessageText(invalid); } else { setMessageText(valid); } A simple question I can not quite answer myself and would like to hear your opinions on: How to position the surrounding (outermost) brackets? It's hard to see the difference between a normal and a curly bracket. Do you usually put the last ) on the same line as the last condition? Do you keep the first opening ( on a line by itself? Do you wrap each individual sub-condition in brackets too? Do you align horizontally the first ( with the last ), or do you place the last ) in the same column as the if? Do you keep ) { on a separate line or you place the last ) on the same line with the last sub-condition and then place the opening { on a new line? Or do you just put the ) { on the same line as the last sub-condition? Community wiki.

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• How does someone without a CS degree get an interview in a sluggish economy?

  - by Anon

  I've been programming off and on since 4th grade (for about 20 years). Technology is one of my passions but after working in the field for a couple years out of High School, I spent nine months and $15,000 getting an accredited certificate in music performance instead of CS. I've been doing lots of self study but I think a CS degree is overkill for most line of business applications. Even so, HR departments can't be expected to know that... How does one get their foot in the proverbial door without a degree, especially in a smaller "fly-over country" market? ...or... Where can I get the cheapest/easiest degree that will pass muster (including testing out of as much as possible)? Don't get me wrong, I'm down with learning new things but I don't necessarily need the expense or coaching to motivate me. EDIT Consolidating good answers: Networking/User Groups Portfolio/Open Source Contributions Look for hybrid jobs (How I got my start :) ) Seek un-elitist companies/hiring managers. (Play the numbers game) Start my own business. (This is a bit challenging for a family man but a very good answer. My reason for searching is to reduce my commute thereby allowing more time to cultivate income on the side) Avail myself of political subsidies to constituents in the teachers' unions ;) .

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• PHP Notice: Undefined property: stdClass:

  - by 4D

  I've got an array coming back from a Flash app created in Flash Builder 4. I have a service setup that queries and brings data back from the DB successfully, however the Update script is generating the Undefined Property errors. I'm still learning both PHP and Flash Builder, and don't fully understand what the $this- commands do. If anyone can suggest where this script is going wrong, it is basically just generated by Flash Builder and is not something I've developed myself, I would appreciate it? Also if someone can explain $this- to me that would be awesome too? I've seen them before, but then I've seen scripts doing the same thing that do not use them, so is this an old way of doing things? Really appreciate any input anyone can give. public function updateItem($item) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub // Update an existing record in the database and return the item // Sample code \' $this->connect(); $sql = "UPDATE tbltrust SET inst_code = '$item->inst_code', trust_name = '$item->trust_name', trust_code = '$item->trust_code' WHERE trust_key = '$item->trust_key'"; mysqli_query($this->connection, $sql) or die('Query failed: ' . mysqli_error($this->connection)); mysqli_close($this->connection); }

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• Neural Networks or Human-computer interaction

  - by Shahin

  I will be entering my third year of university in my next academic year, once I've finished my placement year as a web developer, and I would like to hear some opinions on the two modules in the Title. I'm interested in both, however I want to pick one that will be relevant to my career and that I can apply to systems I develop. I'm doing an Internet Computing degree, it covers web development, networking, database work and programming. Though I have had myself set on becoming a web developer I'm not so sure about that any more so am trying not to limit myself to that area of development. I know HCI would help me as a web developer, but do you think it's worth it? Do you think Neural Network knowledge could help me realistically in a system I write in the future? Thanks. EDIT: Hi guys, I thought it would be useful to follow-up with what I decided to do and how it's worked out. I picked Artificial Neural Networks over HCI, and I've really enjoyed it. Having a peek into cognitive science and machine learning has ignited my interest for the subject area, and I will be hoping to take on a postgraduate project a few years from now when I can afford it. I have got a job which I am starting after my final exams (which are in a few days) and I was indeed asked if I had done a module in HCI or similar. It didn't seem to matter, as it isn't a front-end developer position! I would recommend taking the module if you have it as an option, as well as any module consisting of biological computation, it will open up more doors should you want to go onto postgraduate research in the future. Thanks again, Shahin

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• Web development scheme for staging and production servers using Git Push

  - by ServAce85

  I am using git to manage a dynamic website (PHP + MySQL) and I want to send my files from my localhost to my staging and development servers in the most efficient and hassle-free way. I am currently convinced that the best way for me to approach this problem is to use this git branching model to organize my local git repo. From there, I will use the release branches to push to my staging server for testing. Once I am happy that the release code works on the staging server, I can then merge with my master branch and push that to my production server. Pushing to Staging Server: As noted in many introductory git posts, I could run into problems pushing into a non-bare repo, so, as suggested in this response, I plan to push the release branch to a bare repo on the server and have a post-receive hook that clones the bare repo to a non-bare repo that also acts as the web-hosted directory. Pushing to Production Server: Here's my newest source of confusion... In the response that I cited above, it made me curious as to why @Paul states that it's a completely different story when pushing to a live, development server. I guess I don't see the problem. Would it be safe and hassle-free to follow the same steps as above, but for the master branch? Where are the potential pit-falls? Config Files: With respect to configuration files that are unique to each environment (.htaccess, config.php, etc), it seems simplest to .gitignore each of those files in their respective repos on their respective servers. Can you see anything immediately wrong with this? Better solutions? Accessing Data: Finally, as I initially stated, the site uses MySQL databases to store data. How would you suggest I access that data (for testing purposes) from the staging server and localhost? I realize that I may have asked way too many questions for a single post, but since they're all related to the best way to set up this development scheme, I thought it was necessary.

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• Using an ORM with a database that has no defined relationships?

  - by Ahmad

  Consider a database(MSSQL 2005) that consists of 100+ tables which have primary keys defined to a certain degree. There are 'relationships' between tables, however these are not enforced with foreign key constraints. Consider the following simplified example of typical types of tables I am dealing with. The are clear relations between the User and City and Province tables. However, they key issues is the inconsistent data types in the tables and naming conventions. User: UserRowId [int] PK Name [varchar(50)] CityId [smallint] ProvinceRowId [bigint] City: CityRowId [bigint] PK CityDescription [varchar(100)] Province: ProvinceId [int] PK ProvinceDesc [varchar(50)] I am considering a rewrite of the application (in ASP.net MVC) that uses this data source as is similar in design to MVC storefront. However I am going through a proof of concept phase and this is one of the stumbling blocks I have come across. What are my options in terms of ORM choice that can be easily used and why? Should I even be considering an ORM? (The reason I ask this is that most explanations and tutorials all work with relatively cleanly designed existing databases, or newly created ones when compared to mine. I am thus having a very hard time trying to find a way forward with this problem) There is a huge amount of existing SQL queries, would a datamappper(eg IBatis.net) be more suitable since we could easily modify them to work and reuse the investment already made? I have found this question on SO which indicates to me that an ORM can be used - however I get the impression that this a question of mapping? Note: at the moment, the object model is not clearly defined as it was non-existent. The existing system pretty much did almost everything in SQL or consisted of overly complicated, and numerous queries to complete fucntionality. I am pretty much a noob and have zero experience around ORMs and MVC - so this an awesome learning curve I am on.

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• How to get the most out of a 3 month intern?

  - by firoso

  We've got a software engineering intern coming in who's fairly competent and shows promise. There's one catch: we have him for 3 months full time and can't count on anything past that. He still has a year of school left, which is why we can't say for sure that we have him past 3 months. We have a specific project we're putting him on. How can we maximize his productivity while still giving him a positive learning experience? He wants to learn about development cycles and real-world software engineering. Anything that you think would be critical that you wish you had learned earlier? Nearly six months later: He's preformed admirably and even I have learned a lot from him. Thank you all for the input. Now I want to provide feedback to YOU! He has benefited most from sitting down and writing code. However, he has had a nasty history of bad software engineering practices which I'm trying to replace with good habits (properly finishing a method before moving on, not hacking code together, proper error channeling, etc). He has also really gained a lot by feeling involved in design decisions, even if most of the time they're related to my own design plans.

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• Reduce function calls

  - by Curious2learn

  Hello, I profiled my python program and found that the following function was taking too long to run. Perhaps, I can use a different algorithm and make it run faster. However, I have read that I can also possibly increase the speed by reducing function calls, especially when it gets called repeatedly within a loop. I am a python newbie and would like to learn how to do this and see how much faster it can get. Currently, the function is: def potentialActualBuyers(setOfPeople,theCar,price): count=0 for person in setOfPeople: if person.getUtility(theCar) >= price and person.periodCarPurchased==None: count += 1 return count where setOfPeople is a list of person objects. I tried the following: def potentialActualBuyers(setOfPeople,theCar,price): count=0 Utility=person.getUtility for person in setOfPeople: if Utility(theCar) >= price and person.periodCarPurchased==None: count += 1 return count This, however, gives me an error saying local variable 'person' referenced before assignment Any suggestions, how I can reduce function calls or any other changes that can make the code faster. Again, I am a python newbie and even though I may possibly be able to use a better algorithm, it is still worthwhile learning the answer to the above question. Thanks very much.

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• Python function correctly/incorrectly?

  - by Anthony Kernan

  I'm just starting too use python, learning experience. I know the basics logic of programming. I have a function in python that is running everytime, even when it's not supposed to. I use an if statement in the beginning of the function. I don't know why this if statement is not working, confused. I have another function that is similar and works correctly. Am I missing something simple? Here's the function that is not working... def check_artist_art(): if os.path.exists("/tmp/artistinfo") and open("/tmp/artistinfo").read() != title: #if artist == "": if os.path.exists(home + "/.artist"): os.remove(home + "/.artist") if os.path.exists("/tmp/artistinfo"): os.remove("/tmp/artistinfo") print artist return False else: os.path.exists("/tmp/artistinfo") and open("/tmp/artistinfo").read() == artist return False return True And this is the similar function that is working correctly.. def check_album(): if os.path.exists("/tmp/albuminfo") and open("/tmp/albuminfo").read() != album: if os.path.exists(home + "/.album"): os.remove(home + "/.album") if os.path.exists("/tmp/albuminfo"): os.remove("/tmp/albuminfo") return False elif os.path.exists("/tmp/trackinfo") and open("/tmp/trackinfo").read() == artist + album: return False return True Any help is greatly appreciated.

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• Put together tiles in android sdk and use as background

  - by Jon

  In a feeble attempt to learn some Android development am I stuck at graphics. My aim here is pretty simple: Take n small images and build a random image, larger than the screen with possibility to scroll around. Have an animated object move around on it I have looked at the SDK examples, Lunar Lander especially but there are a few things I utterly fail to wrap my head around. I've got a birds view plan (which in my head seems reasonably sane): How do I merge the tiles into one large image? The background is static so I figure I should do like this: Make a 2d array with refs to the tiles Make a large Drawable and draw the tiles on it At init draw this big image as the background At each onDraw redraw the background of the previous spot of the moving object, and the moving object at its new location The problem is the hands on things. I load the small images with "Bitmap img1 = BitmapFactory.decodeResource (res, R.drawable.img1)", but then what? Should I make a canvas and draw the images on it with "canvas.drawBitmap (img1, x, y, null);"? If so how to get a Drawable/Bitmap from that? I'm totally lost here, and would really appreciate some hands on help (I would of course be grateful for general hints as well, but I'm primarily trying to understand the Graphics objects). To make you, dear reader, see my level of confusion will I add my last desperate try: Drawable drawable; Canvas canvas = new Canvas (); Bitmap img1 = BitmapFactory.decodeResource (res, R.drawable.img1); // 50 x 100 px image Bitmap img2 = BitmapFactory.decodeResource (res, R.drawable.img2); // 50 x 100 px image canvas.drawBitmap (img1, 0, 0, null); canvas.drawBitmap (img2, 50, 0, null); drawable.draw (canvas); // obviously wrong as draw == null this.setBackground (drawable); Thanks in advance

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• Return type from DAL class (Sql ce, Linq to Sql)

  - by bretddog

  Hi, Using VS2008 and Sql CE 3.5, and preferably Linq to Sql. I'm learning database, and unsure about DAL methods return types and how/where to map the data over to my business objects: I don't want direct UI binding. A business object class UserData, and a class UserDataList (Inherits List(Of UserData)), is represented in the database by the table "Users". I use SQL Compact and run SqlMetal which creates dbml/designer.vb file. This gives me a class with a TableAttribute: <Table()> _ Partial Public Class Users I'm unsure how to use this class. Should my business object know about this class, such that the DAL can return the type Users, or List(Of Users) ? So for example the "UserDataService Class" is a part of the DAL, and would have for example the functions GetAll and GetById. Will this be correct : ? Public Class UserDataService Public Function GetAll() As List(Of Users) Dim ctx As New MyDB(connection) Dim q As List(Of Users) = From n In ctx.Users Select n Return q End Function Public Function GetById(ByVal id As Integer) As Users Dim ctx As New MyDB(connection) Dim q As Users = (From n In ctx.Users Where n.UserID = id Select n).Single Return q End Function And then, would I perhaps have a method, say in the UserDataList class, like: Public Class UserDataList Inherits List(Of UserData) Public Sub LoadFromDatabase() Me.clear() Dim database as New UserDataService dim users as List(Of Users) users = database.GetAll() For each u in users dim newUser as new UserData newUser.Id = u.Id newUser.Name = u.Name Me.Add(newUser) Next End Sub End Class Is this a sensible approach? Would appreciate any suggestions/alternatives, as this is my first attempt on a database DAL. cheers!

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• Is there an easier way to do Classic ASP "relative path"?

  - by Alex.Piechowski

  Right now, I'm having trouble. First of all I have a page, let's call it "http://blah.com/login". That obviously goes strait to "index.asp" A line of Main.asp: <!--#include file="resource/menu.asp"--> Page top includes all of what I need for my menu... so: Part of resource/menu.htm: <div id="colortab" class="ddcolortabs"> <ul> <li><a href="main.asp" title="Main" rel="dropmain"><span>Main</span></a></li> ... </ul> </div> <!--Main drop down menu --> <div id="dropmain" class="dropmenudiv_a"> <a href="main/announcements.asp">Announcements</a> <a href="main/contacts.asp">Contact Information</a> <a href="main/MeetingPlans.asp">Meeting Plan</a> <a href="main/photos.asp">Photo Gallery</a> <a href="main/events.asp">Upcoming Events</a> </div> Let's say I click on the "announcements" (http://blah.com/login/main/announcements.asp) link... Now I'm at the announcements page! But wait, I include the same menu file. Guess what happens: I get sent to "http://blah.com/login/main/main/announcements.asp Which doesn't exist... My solution: Make a menu_sub.asp include for any subpages. But wait a second... this WORKS, but it gets REALLY REALLY messy... What can I do to use just one main "menu.asp" instead of "menu_sub.asp"? using "/main/announcements.asp" WON'T be an option because this is a web application that will be on different directories per server. Any ideas? PLEASE

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• asp.net vb user control raising an event on the calling page

  - by jvcoach23

  i'm trying to learn about user controls. I created a user control that has a textbox and a button. What i'd like to be able to do is when i click the button in the user control, populate a label in the aspx page. I understand that i could just have a button on the page that uses some properties on the user control to get that information.. but i'd like to know how to do it with the button the user control.. the reason for this is the button is just an example.. a learning tool. if i can get this working, i'd likely be putting thing in the user control that might require this kind of passing information. Anyway.. i've found some c# examples that i tried to get working as vb.. but once started getting into the delegates and events.. well.. it made me turn to this post. anyway.. hopefully someone can lend a hand.

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• Framework or design pattern for mailing all users of a webapp

  - by Todd Owen

  My app takes care of user registration (with the option to receive email announcements), and can easily handle the actual template-based rendering of email for a given user. JavaMail provides the mail transport layer. But how should I design the application layer between the business objects (e.g. User) and the mail transport? The straightforward approach would be a simple, synchronous loop: iterate through the users, queue the emails, and be done with it. "Queue" might mean sending them straight to the MTA (mail server), or to an in-memory queue to be consumed by another thread. However, I also plan to implement features like throttling the rate of emails, processing bounced emails (NDRs), and maintaining status across application restarts. My intuition is that a good design would decouple this from both the business layer and the mail transport layer as much as possible. I wondered if others had solved this problem before, but after much searching I haven't found any Java libraries which seem to fit this problem. Standalone mail apps such as James or list servers are too large in scope; packages like Spring's MailSender or Commons Email are too small in scope (being basically drop-in replacements for JavaMail). For other languages I haven't found anything appropriate either. I'm curious about how other developers have gone about adding bulk mailing to their applications.

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• Java EE Website Planning Questions

  - by Tom Tresansky

  I'm a .NET programming who is soon moving to the Java EE world. I have plenty of experience with .NET web technologies, web services, WebForms and MVC. I am also very familiar with the Java language, and have written a few servlets and modified a couple of JSP pages, but I haven't touched EE yet. I'd like to set up a public website using Java EE so I can familiarize myself with whats current. I'm thinking just a technology playground at this point with no particular purpose in mind. What Java technologies are the current hotness for this sort of thing? (For example, if someone asked me what I'd recommend learning to set up a new .NET site, I'd say use ASP MVC instead of WebForms and recommend LINQ-to-SQL as a quick, simple and widely used ORM.) So, what I'd like to know is: Is there a recommended technology for the presentation layer? Is JSP considered a good approach, or is there anything cleaner/newer/more widespread? Is Hibernate still widely used for persistence? Is it obsolete? Is there anything better out there? (I've worked with NHibernate some, so I wouldn't be starting from scratch.) Is cheap Java EE web hosting available? What should I know being a .NET web developer moving to the Java world?

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• how to change ASP.NET Configuration tool connection string

  - by Zviadi

  Hello, how can I change ASP.NET Configuration tool-s connection string name? (Which connection string will ASP.NET Configuration tool will use) I'm learning ASP.NET and everywhere and in book that I'm reading now theres connection string named: LocalSqlServer. I want to use my local sql server database instead of sql express to store Roles, Membership and other data. I have used aspnet_regsql.exe to create needed data structures in my database. after that I changed my web.config to look like: <connectionStrings> <remove name="LocalSqlServer"/> <add name="LocalSqlServer" connectionString="Server=(LOCAL); Database=MyDatabase;Integrated Security=True" providerName="System.Data.SqlClient" /> </connectionStrings> but when I run ASP.NET Configuration tool it says that: "The connection name 'ApplicationServices' was not found in the applications configuration or the connection string is empty." ASP.NET Configuration tool uses connection string named: ApplicationServices not LocalSqlServer. cause of that I have to modify web.config to: <connectionStrings> <add name="ApplicationServices" connectionString="Server=(LOCAL); Database=MyDatabase;Integrated Security=True" providerName="System.Data.SqlClient" /> </connectionStrings> and everything works fine. I wish to know why the hell my web site uses connection string named: ApplicationServices and all books and online documentations uses LocalSqlServer? and how to change it to LocalSqlServer? I have: Windows 7 Sql Server 2008 R2 Visual Studio 2010 Premium Project type is website

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• C# iterator is executed twice when composing two IEnumerable methods

  - by achristoph

  I just started learning about C# iterator but got confused with the flow of the program after reading the output of the program. The foreach with uniqueVals seems to be executed twice. My understanding is that the first few lines up to the line before "Nums in Square: 3" should not be there. Can anyone help to explain why this happens? The output is: Unique: 1 Adding to uniqueVals: 1 Unique: 2 Adding to uniqueVals: 2 Unique: 2 Unique: 3 Adding to uniqueVals: 3 Nums in Square: 3 Unique: 1 Adding to uniqueVals: 1 Square: 1 Number returned from Unique: 1 Unique: 2 Adding to uniqueVals: 2 Square: 2 Number returned from Unique: 4 Unique: 2 Unique: 3 Adding to uniqueVals: 3 Square: 3 Number returned from Unique: 9 static class Program { public static IEnumerable<T> Unique<T>(IEnumerable<T> sequence) { Dictionary<T, T> uniqueVals = new Dictionary<T, T>(); foreach (T item in sequence) { Console.WriteLine("Unique: {0}", item); if (!uniqueVals.ContainsKey(item)) { Console.WriteLine("Adding to uniqueVals: {0}", item); uniqueVals.Add(item, item); yield return item; Console.WriteLine("After Unique yield: {0}", item); } } } public static IEnumerable<int> Square(IEnumerable<int> nums) { Console.WriteLine("Nums in Square: {0}", nums.Count()); foreach (int num in nums) { Console.WriteLine("Square: {0}", num); yield return num * num; Console.WriteLine("After Square yield: {0}", num); } } static void Main(string[] args) { var nums = new int[] { 1, 2, 2, 3 }; foreach (int num in Square(Unique(nums))) Console.WriteLine("Number returned from Unique: {0}", num); Console.Read(); } }

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• How do I perform this MutliArray setup in Java?

  - by Andy Barlow

  I come from a PHP background and I'm just getting my teeth into some Java. I was wondering how I could implement the following in Java as simply as possible, just echoing the results to a terminal via the usual "System.out.print()" method. <?php $Results[0]['title'] = "No Country for Old Men"; $Results[0]['run_time'] = "122 mins"; $Results[0]['cert'] = "15"; $Results[1]['title'] = "Old School"; $Results[1]['run_time'] = "88 mins"; $Results[1]['cert'] = "18"; // Will basically show the above in order. foreach($Results as value) { echo $Results[$value]['title']; echo $Results[$value]['run_time']; echo $Results[$value]['cert']; } // Lets add some more as I need to do this in Java too $Results[2]['title'] = "Saving Private Ryan"; $Results[2]['run_time'] = "153 mins"; $Results[2]['cert'] = "15"; // Lets remove the first one as an example of another need $Results[0] = null; ?> I hear there are "list iterators" or something that are really good for rolling through data like this. Perhaps it could be implemented with that? A fully working .java file would be most handy in this instance, including how to add and remove items from the array like the above. P.S. I do plan on using this for an Android App in the distant future, so, hopefully it should all work on Android fine too, although, I imagine this sort of thing works on anything Java related :).

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• Most elegant way to break CSV columns into separate data structures using Python?

  - by Nick L

  I'm trying to pick up Python. As part of the learning process I'm porting a project I wrote in Java to Python. I'm at a section now where I have a list of CSV headers of the form: headers = [a, b, c, d, e, .....] and separate lists of groups that these headers should be broken up into, e.g.: headers_for_list_a = [b, c, e, ...] headers_for_list_b = [a, d, k, ...] . . . I want to take the CSV data and turn it into dict's based on these groups, e.g.: list_a = [ {b:val_1b, c:val_1c, e:val_1e, ... }, {b:val_2b, c:val_2c, e:val_2e, ... }, {b:val_3b, c:val_3c, e:val_3e, ... }, . . . ] where for example, val_1b is the first row of the 'b' column, val_3c is the third row of the 'c' column, etc. My first "Java instinct" is to do something like: for row in data: for col_num, val in enumerate(row): col_name = headers[col_num] if col_name in group_a: dict_a[col_name] = val elif headers[col_cum] in group_b: dict_b[col_name] = val ... list_a.append(dict_a) list_b.append(dict_b) ... However, this method seems inefficient/unwieldy and doesn't posses the elegance that Python programmers are constantly talking about. Is there a more "Zen-like" way I should try- keeping with the philosophy of Python?

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• c++ use of winmain()

  - by Jack

  Hi, I just started learning programming for windows in c++. I had this crazy image, that win32 programming is based on calling windows functions and sending parameters to and from them. Like, when you want to create window, you call some win32 function that handles windows GUI and say "Hi, please, create me new window, 100 x 100 px, with two buttons", and that GUI function says "Hi, no problem, when something happends, like user clicks one button, I will change this variable xy located in this location". So, I thought that it will be very similiar to console programming. But the very first instruction surprised me. I always thought that every program executes main() function first. So, when I launch app, windows stores some parameters on top of stack and run that application. So I assumed that initializing main() is just a c++ way to tell the compiler where the first instruction should be. But in win32 programming, there is function called winmain() which starts first. So I am little confused. I thought it´s rule that compiler must have main() to start with, that main just defines where ti start, like some start point identifier. So, please, why is there winmain() function instead of main()? When I thought that C++ programming is as logical as assembler, it confuses me once again.

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