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• Where to go after having a good grasp of a language?

  - by Alex M.

  I have been programming as a hobby for the past few years now (most of high school and 1 year in cs in college) and although I've came to the conclusion that a career in CS isn't for me I switched over to math (which pairs what I love about programming with my interest in physical sciences) but I miss writing code. Recently I've had an interest in low-level programming. Understanding how compilers work, learning some basics of assembly language and trying to get out of my comfort zone. The problem is that since I've been out of the CS programs, I'm not faced with much opportunities to write code. I do intend to take a few CS classes in college (a lot of CS stuff is opened to math majors) but that won't come for until next year. So I ask: What are the steps to take in order to keep improving as a programmer once you're passed the basic steps? How do you find projects to keep you going? Beside my newly discovered interest in assembly language, I've been writing code in C and have been interested in FOSS. Thanks!

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• How much time takes to a new language like D to become popular? [closed]

  - by Adrián Pérez

  I was reading about new languages for me to learn and I find very good comments about D, like it's the new C or what C++ should have been. Knowing that many people say wonders about the language, I'm wondering how much time usually takes to a language to become popular. This is, having libraries ported or written natively for this language and being used in serious software development. I have read about the history of Java, and Python to figure it out, but may be they are too high level complexity to say their development could take the same time as will take for D.

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• Asynchronous update design/interaction patterns

  - by Andy Waite

  These days many apps support asynchronous updates. For example, if you're looking at a list of widgets and you delete one of them then rather than wait for the roundtrip to the server, the app can hide the one you deleted, giving immediate feedback. The actual deletion on the server will happen in the background. This can be seen in web apps, desktop apps, iOS apps, etc. But what about when the background operation fails. How should you feed back to the user? Should you restore the UI to the pre-deletion state? What about when multiple background operations fail together? Does this behaviour/pattern have a name? Perhaps something based on the Command pattern?

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• Is it dangerous to substitute unit tests for user testing? [closed]

  - by MushinNoShin

  Is it dangerous to substitute unit tests for user testing? A co-worker believes we can reduce the manual user testing we need to do by adding more unit tests. Is this dangerous? Unit tests seem to have a very different purpose than user testing. Aren't unit tests to inform design and allow breaking changes to be caught early? Isn't that fundamentally different than determining if an aspect of the system is correct as a whole of the system? Is this a case of substituting apples for oranges?

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• Sharing Authentication Across Subdomains using cookies

  - by Jordan Reiter

  I know that in general cookies themselves are not considered robust enough to store authentication information. What I am wondering is if there is an existing design pattern or framework for sharing authentication across subdomains without having to use something more complex like OpenID. Ideally, the process would be that the user visits abc.example.org, logs in, and continues on to xyz.example.org where they are automatically recognized (ideally, the reverse should also be possible -- a login via xyz means automatic login at abc). The snag is that abc.example.org and xyz.example.org are both on different servers and different web application frameworks, although they can both use a shared database. The web application platforms include PHP, ColdFusion, and Python (Django), although I'm also interested in this from a more general perspective (i.e. language agnostic).

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• How to discriminate from two nodes with identical frequencies in a Huffman's tree?

  - by Omega

  Still on my quest to compress/decompress files with a Java implementation of Huffman's coding (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huffman_coding) for a school assignment. From the Wikipedia page, I quote: Create a leaf node for each symbol and add it to the priority queue. While there is more than one node in the queue: Remove the two nodes of highest priority (lowest probability) from the queue Create a new internal node with these two nodes as children and with probability equal to the sum of the two nodes' probabilities. Add the new node to the queue. The remaining node is the root node and the tree is complete. Now, emphasis: Remove the two nodes of highest priority (lowest probability) from the queue Create a new internal node with these two nodes as children and with probability equal to the sum of the two nodes' probabilities. So I have to take two nodes with the lowest frequency. What if there are multiple nodes with the same low frequency? How do I discriminate which one to use? The reason I ask this is because Wikipedia has this image: And I wanted to see if my Huffman's tree was the same. I created a file with the following content: aaaaeeee nnttmmiihhssfffouxprl And this was the result: Doesn't look so bad. But there clearly are some differences when multiple nodes have the same frequency. My questions are the following: What is Wikipedia's image doing to discriminate the nodes with the same frequency? Is my tree wrong? (Is Wikipedia's image method the one and only answer?) I guess there is one specific and strict way to do this, because for our school assignment, files that have been compressed by my program should be able to be decompressed by other classmate's programs - so there must be a "standard" or "unique" way to do it. But I'm a bit lost with that. My code is rather straightforward. It literally just follows Wikipedia's listed steps. The way my code extracts the two nodes with the lowest frequency from the queue is to iterate all nodes and if the current node has a lower frequency than any of the two "smallest" known nodes so far, then it replaces the highest one. Just like that.

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• Why do programming languages allow shadowing/hiding of variables and functions?

  - by Simon

  Many of the most popular programming languges (such as C++, Java, Python etc.) have the concept of hiding / shadowing of variables or functions. When I've encountered hiding or shadowing they have been the cause of hard to find bugs and I've never seen a case where I found it necessary to use these features of the languages. To me it would seem better to disallow hiding and shadowing. Does anybody know of a good use of these concepts?

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• Calculating WPM given a variable stream of input

  - by Jaxo

  I'm creating an application that sits in the background and records all key presses (currently this is done and working; an event is fired every keydown/keyup). I want to offer a feature for the user that will show them their WPM over the entire session the program has been running for. This would be easy if I added a "Start" and "End" button to activate a timer, but I need to detect only when the user is typing continuously - ignoring all one-time keyboard shortcuts and breaks the user takes from typing. How in the world do I approach this? Is this even realistically & accurately possible?

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• Spreadsheet or writing an application?

  - by Lenny222

  When would you keep simple to medium-complex personal calculations in a spread sheet (Excel etc) and when would you write a small program or script for it? For example when you want to calculate what size of mortgage you can afford to buy a house. I could create a spreadsheet and have a nice tabular representation. On the other hand, if i would write a small script in a nice language (in my case Haskell), i'd have the security of a nice type system, preventing typos etc. What are the pro/cons in your opinion?

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• SQL: empty string vs NULL value

  - by Jacek Prucia

  I know this subject is a bit controversial and there are a lot of various articles/opinions floating around the internet. Unfortunatelly, most of them assume the person doesn't know what the difference between NULL and empty string is. So they tell stories about surprising results with joins/aggregates and generally do a bit more advanced SQL lessons. By doing this, they absolutely miss the whole point and are therefore useless for me. So hopefully this question and all answers will move subject a bit forward. Let's suppose I have a table with personal information (name, birth, etc) where one of the columns is an email address with varchar type. We assume that for some reason some people might not want to provide an email address. When inserting such data (without email) into the table, there are two available choices: set cell to NULL or set it to empty string (''). Let's assume that I'm aware of all the technical implications of choosing one solution over another and I can create correct SQL queries for either scenario. The problem is even when both values differ on the technical level, they are exactly the same on logical level. After looking at NULL and '' I came to a single conclusion: I don't know email address of the guy. Also no matter how hard i tried, I was not able to sent an e-mail using either NULL or empty string, so apparently most SMTP servers out there agree with my logic. So i tend to use NULL where i don't know the value and consider empty string a bad thing. After some intense discussions with colleagues i came with two questions: am I right in assuming that using empty string for an unknown value is causing a database to "lie" about the facts? To be more precise: using SQL's idea of what is value and what is not, I might come to conclusion: we have e-mail address, just by finding out it is not null. But then later on, when trying to send e-mail I'll come to contradictory conclusion: no, we don't have e-mail address, that @!#$ Database must have been lying! Is there any logical scenario in which an empty string '' could be such a good carrier of important information (besides value and no value), which would be troublesome/inefficient to store by any other way (like additional column). I've seen many posts claiming that sometimes it's good to use empty string along with real values and NULLs, but so far haven't seen a scenario that would be logical (in terms of SQL/DB design). P.S. Some people will be tempted to answer, that it is just a matter of personal taste. I don't agree. To me it is a design decision with important consequences. So i'd like to see answers where opion about this is backed by some logical and/or technical reasons.

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• what should a developer know/address to build commercial Android Apps ?

  - by giulio

  Android and mobile development is an exciting area of development. As it is a new discipline, what would be expected of an android developer to build commercially robust applications in terms of skills ? The problem that I and, i think, many other "noobs" into the technology would like to know are the areas of technical skills and the progression to the required advanced topics that goes beyond the the very basics provided by Google. There is a lot of information that's quite useful but its not organised into categories of discipline nor order.

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• Code Smell: Inheritance Abuse

  - by dsimcha

  It's been generally accepted in the OO community that one should "favor composition over inheritance". On the other hand, inheritance does provide both polymorphism and a straightforward, terse way of delegating everything to a base class unless explicitly overridden and is therefore extremely convenient and useful. Delegation can often (though not always) be verbose and brittle. The most obvious and IMHO surest sign of inheritance abuse is violation of the Liskov Substitution Principle. What are some other signs that inheritance is The Wrong Tool for the Job even if it seems convenient?

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• generate parent child relation from the array to print a multi-level menu?

  - by Karthick Selvam

  How to get parent child relation from this array to print a multi-level menu $menus = array ( 0 => array ( 'id'=>0, 'check' => 1, 'display' =>'Arete Home', 'ordering' => -10, 'parent' => none, ), 1 => array ( 'id'=>1, 'check' => 1, 'display' => 'Submit Paper', 'ordering' => -10, 'parent' => 2, 'subordering' => -10, ), 2 => array ( 'id'=>2, 'check' => 1, 'display' => 'Buy Now', 'ordering' => -10, 'parent' => 1, 'subordering' => -10, ), 1461 => array ( 'id'=>1461, 'check' => 1, 'display' => 'Where are We?', 'ordering' => -10, 'parent' => 2, 'subordering' => -10, ), 1463 => array ( 'id'=>1463, 'check' => 1, 'display' =>' About Me?', 'ordering' => -10, 'parent' => 2, 'subordering' => -10, ), 1464 => array ( 'id'=>1464, 'check' => 1, 'display' => 'About You?', 'ordering' => -10, 'parent' => 2, 'subordering' => -10, ), 1465 => array ( 'id'=>1465, 'check' => 1, 'display' => 'About who?', 'ordering' => -10, 'parent' => 1, 'subordering' => -10, ), ); code sample: foreach($menus as $id=>$values) { $values['parent']=isset($values['parent']) ? $values['parent'] : 0; $menus[$values['parent']]['childs'][$id]=$values; unset($menus[$id]); } foreach($menus as $id1=>$value2) { $value2['parent']=isset($value2['parent']) ? $value2['parent'] : 0; $menus[$value2['parent']]['childs'][$id1]=$value2; unset($menus[$id1]); }

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• What do you need to know to get a job as a web developer

  - by Alex Foster

  What do you need to know to at the very least get your foot in the door? We're assuming for someone who doesn't have a college degree (yet) but will eventually get one. My guess is html, css, javascript, and php, and photoshop and dreamweaver, and sql. And being familiar with using a web host to have sites live, like knowing how to use cpanel. It's probably a very inaccurate and narrow guess but that's what i think right now. I don't know exactly.

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• What are some concepts people should understand before programming "big" projects?

  - by Abafei

  A person new to programming may be able to make a good small program. However, when starting to work on anything bigger than a small (think 1 C source file or Python module) program, there are some general concepts which become much more important when working on "big" (think many Python modules or C files) programs; one example is modularity, another is having a set aim. Some of these may be obvious to people who went to school to learn programming; however, people like me who did not go to programming classes sometimes have to learn these things from experience, possibly creating failed projects in the meantime. ================================================== Please explain what the concept is, and why the concept becomes more important for big programs than by small programs. Please give only 1 concept per answer.

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• Write own messaging system vs. utilize existing ones

  - by A.Rashad

  We are trying to have our own startup, with a middleware application to glue small applications with enterprise legacy systems. for such middle-ware to function properly, we will need some sort of messaging system to make different components talk to each other in a reliable way. the alternatives are: use an existing messaging system, such as 0MQ, jBOSS, WebSphere MQ, etc. build our own messaging system the way we see the problem I am more biased towards the later option for the following reasons: to have more control over our final product to avoid any licensing problems later on to learn about messaging while writing the code to invent something new, that might cost us lots of $$$ if reused an existing system What would you do if in my shoes?

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• Best practice Java - String array constant and indexing it

  - by Pramod

  For string constants its usual to use a class with final String values. But whats the best practice for storing string array. I want to store different categories in a constant array and everytime a category has been selected, I want to know which category it belongs to and process based on that. Addition : To make it more clear, I have a categories A,B,C,D,E which is a constant array. Whenever a user clicks one of the items(button will have those texts) I should know which item was clicked and do processing on that. I can define an enum(say cat) and everytime do if clickedItem == cat.A .... else if clickedItem = cat.B .... else if .... or even register listeners for each item seperately. But I wanted to know the best practice for doing handling these kind of problems.

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• How does PHP5 fare with earlier versions of the language

  - by Pankaj Upadhyay

  I would like to learn PHP for web development but have been drawn back because of comments like the following*: PHP is good but generates spaghetti code PHP is nice but Python is marriage material PHP lacks stuff that you get in other languages like C# or Java But for PHP5 I have seen some promising comments. So, my question is: How does PHP5 fare with earlier versions of the language and is it good enough now to learn for web development. * Comments are just for reference not to incite a flame war. No comparison of PHP with other languages is asked for here. Please comment just on PHP5 and how it compares with earlier versions.

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• How to "back track"?

  - by esqew

  I find that I start projects and, due to my lack of experience, find that old database structures and huge blocks of code are inefficient and memory-costly. However, by the time I realize a re-design of the entire project is needed, the project has grown to such a size that it is simply too late to go back and modify the project in its current state and requires a completely new project file and the whole shebang. How should I prevent ruts such as this one, where it is too late to go back and modify the current project to fit specifications modified far down the road from the creation of the project? (Apologies in advance for confusing grammar, it's been a long day here... as you can probably tell.)

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• Is a Mission Oriented Architecture (MOA) a better way to describe things than SOA?

  - by Brian Langbecker

  I might sound like a troll, but I would like to seriously understand this deeper. The place I work at has started to use the term MOA, versus SOA as we believe it drives more clarity and want to compare it to the true goals of SOA. A Mission Oriented Architecture is an approach whereby an application is broken down into various business mission elements, with the database, file assets, batch and real time functionality all tightly coupled in terms of delivering that piece of the functionality. The mission allows the developers to focus on a specific piece of functionality to get it right, and to build it with the ability for that piece to scale as an independent entity within the overall application. By tightly coupling the data, file assets and business logic you achieve the goals of working on a very large problem in bite size pieces. Some definitions of SOA mix it up with what is essentially a method call on a web service versus a true "service". As an architect, I have always found it fun getting everyone on the same page regarding SOA. Is it better to call it a "mission" versus a "service"?

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• Is there a better way to consume an ASP.NET Web API call in an MVC controller?

  - by davidisawesome

  In a new project I am creating for my work I am creating a fairly large ASP.NET Web API. The api will be in a separate visual studio solution that also contains all of my business logic and database interactions, Model classes as well. In the test application I am creating (which is asp.net mvc4), I want to be able to hit an api url I defined from the control and cast the return JSON to a Model class. The reason behind this is that I want to take advantage of strongly typing my views to a Model. This is all still in a proof of concept stage, so I have not done any performance testing on it, but I am curious if what I am doing is a good practice, or if I am crazy for even going down this route. Here is the code on the client controller: public class HomeController : Controller { protected string dashboardUrlBase = "http://localhost/webapi/api/StudentDashboard/"; public ActionResult Index() //This view is strongly typed against User { //testing against Joe Bob string adSAMName = "jBob"; WebClient client = new WebClient(); string url = dashboardUrlBase + "GetUserRecord?userName=" + adSAMName; //'User' is a Model class that I have defined. User result = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<User>(client.DownloadString(url)); return View(result); } . . . } If I choose to go this route another thing to note is I am loading several partial views in this page (as I will also do in subsequent pages). The partial views are loaded via an $.ajax call that hits this controller and does basically the same thing as the code above: Instantiate a new WebClient Define the Url to hit Deserialize the result and cast it to a Model Class. So it is possible (and likely) I could be performing the same actions 4-5 times for a single page. Is there a better method to do this that will: Let me keep strongly typed views. Do my work on the server rather than on the client (this is just a preference since I can write C# faster than I can write javascript).

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• Is it a waste of time to free resources before I exit a process?

  - by Martin

  Let's consider a fictional program that builds a linked list in the heap, and at the end of the program there is a loop that frees all the nodes, and then exits. For this case let's say the linked list is just 500K of memory, and no special space managing is required. Is that a wast of time, because the OS will do that anyway? Will there be a different behavior later? Is that different according to the OS version? I'm mainly interested in UNIX based systems, but any information will be appreciated. I had today my first lesson in OS course and I'm wondering about that now.

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• Is listing developer's full names in splash screen or about box still a widely spread and desirable practice?

  - by Pierre 303

  Just like in the closing credits of movies, some software vendors list the full names of the team that worked on the piece of software you are using. They are usually displayed in the splash screen (Photoshop) ... or in the about box (Traktor). In the demoscene, it is a mandatory practice, like in the movie industry. How do you see that in your own software? Is there any reason why not doing it? Is there any reason encouraging companies to do it?

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• What is the basic loadout for an open source web developer?

  - by DeveloperDon

  Thus far, I have mainly been an embedded developer, but I am interested in having the flexibility to do mobile and web development as well. I think my tools should include the following, but probably a lot more. LAMP stack. Java IDEs like Eclipse and IntelliJ. JS frameworks like Dojo, Node.JS, AngularJS, (is it better to mix or commit to one?). Cloud solutions like EC2 and Azure (again, ok to mix or better to commit to one?). Google APIs. Continuous integration server. Source control tools with Git for new work, SVN, CVS, +others for imports. FTP server. Unit test runners. Bug trackers. OOAD modeling tools or plug-ins? Graphic design tools? Hosting services. XML / JSON / other markup? Content management, SEO? I am also interested to know if there are tools where it might be better to mix, match, or support all available (maybe for source control) and others where the full focus should be on one (maybe Java vs. C# or Windows vs. Linux vs. MacOS). Perhaps some of these questions need context of whether the projects will be greenfield (just pick favorite) or maintenance (no choice, each project continues legacy, sometimes with a poor tools).

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• Assignment of roles in communication when sides could try to cheat

  - by 9000

  Assume two nodes in a peer-to-peer network initiating a communication. In this communication, one node has to serve as a "sender", another as a "receiver" (role names are arbitrary here). I'd like the nodes to assert either role with approximately equal probability. That is, in N communications with various other nodes a given node would assume the "sender" role roughly N/2 times. Since there's no third-party arbiter available, nodes should agree on their roles by exchanging messages. The catch is that we can encounter a rogue node which would try to become the "receiver" in most or all cases, and coax the other side to always serve as a "sender". I'm looking for an algorithm to assign roles to sides of communication so that no side could get a predetermined role with high probability. It's OK for the side which is trying to cheat to fail to communicate.

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