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• Stretch in multiple components using af:popup, af:region, af:panelTabbed

  - by Arvinder Singh

  Case study: I have a pop-up(dialogue) that contains a region(separate taskflow) showing a tab. The contents of this tab is in a region having a separate taskflow. The jsff page of this taskflow contains a panelSplitter which in turn contains a table. In short the components are : pop-up(dialogue) --> region(separate taskflow) --> tab --> region(separate taskflow) --> panelSplitter --> table At times the tab is not displayed with 100% width or the table in panelSplitter is not 100% visible or the splitter is not visible. Maintaining the stretch for all the components is difficult......not any more!!! Below is the solution that you can make use of in many similar scenarios. I am mentioning the major code snippets affecting the stretch and alignment. pop-up: <af:popup> <af:dialog id="d2" type="none" title="" inlineStyle="width:1200px"> <af:region value="#{bindings.PriceChangePopupFlow1.regionModel}" id="r1"/> </af:dialog> The above region is a jsff containing multiple tabs. I am showing code for a single tab. I kept the tab in a panelStretchLayout. <af:panelStretchLayout id="psl1" topHeight="300px" styleClass="AFStretchWidth"> <af:panelTabbed id="pt1"> <af:showDetailItem text="PO Details" id="sdi1" stretchChildren="first" > <af:region value="#{bindings.PriceChangePurchaseOrderFlow1.regionModel}" id="r1" binding="# {pageFlowScope.priceChangePopupBean.poDetailsRegion}" /> This "region" displays a .jsff containing a table in a panelSplitter. <af:panelSplitter id="ps1"  orientation="horizontal" splitterPosition="700"> <f:facet name="first"> <af:panelHeader text="PurchaseOrder" id="ph1"> <af:table id="md1" rows="#{bindings.PurchaseOrderVO.rangeSize}" That's it!!! We're done... Note the stretchChildren="first" attribute in the af:showDetailItem. That does the trick for us. Oracle docs say the following about stretchChildren :  Valid Values: none, first The stretching behavior for children. Acceptable values include: "none": does not attempt to stretch any children (the default value and the value you need to use if you have more than a single child; also the value you need to use if the child does not support being stretched) "first": stretches the first child (not to be used if you have multiple children as such usage will produce unreliable results; also not to be used if the child does not support being stretched)

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• C# wpf helix scale based mesh parenting using Transform3DGroup

  - by Rick2047

  I am using https://helixtoolkit.codeplex.com/ as a 3D framework. I want to move black mesh relative to the green mesh as shown in the attached image below. I want to make green mesh parent to the black mesh as the change in scale of the green mesh also will result in motion of the black mesh. It could be partial parenting or may be more. I need 3D rotation and 3D transition + transition along green mesh's length axis for the black mesh relative to the green mesh itself. Suppose a variable green_mesh_scale causing scale for the green mesh along its length axis. The black mesh will use that variable in order to move along green mesh's length axis. How to go about it. I've done as follows: GeometryModel3D GreenMesh, BlackMesh; ... double green_mesh_scale = e.NewValue; Transform3DGroup forGreen = new Transform3DGroup(); Transform3DGroup forBlack = new Transform3DGroup(); forGreen.Children.Add(new ScaleTransform3D(new Vector3D(1, green_mesh_scale , 1))); // ... transforms for rotation n transition GreenMesh.Transform = forGreen ; forBlack = forGreen; forBlack.Children.Add(new TranslateTransform3D(new Vector3D(0, green_mesh_scale, 0))); BlackMesh.Transform = forBlack; The problem with this is the scale transform will also be applied to the black mesh. I think i just need to avoid the scale part. I tried keeping all the transforms but scale, on another Transform3DGroup variable but that also not behaving as expected. Can MatrixTransform3D be used here some how? Also please suggest if this question can be posted somewhere else in stackexchange.

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• Inappropriate Updates?

  - by Tony Davis

  A recent Simple-talk article by Kathi Kellenberger dissected the fastest SQL solution, submitted by Peter Larsson as part of Phil Factor's SQL Speed Phreak challenge, to the classic "running total" problem. In its analysis of the code, the article re-ignited a heated debate regarding the techniques that should, and should not, be deemed acceptable in your search for fast SQL code. Peter's code for running total calculation uses a variation of a somewhat contentious technique, sometimes referred to as a "quirky update": SET @Subscribers = Subscribers = @Subscribers + PeopleJoined - PeopleLeft This form of the UPDATE statement, @variable = column = expression, is documented and it allows you to set a variable to the value returned by the expression. Microsoft does not guarantee the order in which rows are updated in this technique because, in relational theory, a table doesn’t have a natural order to its rows and the UPDATE statement has no means of specifying the order. Traditionally, in cases where a specific order is requires, such as for running aggregate calculations, programmers who used the technique have relied on the fact that the UPDATE statement, without the WHERE clause, is executed in the order imposed by the clustered index, or in heap order, if there isn’t one. Peter wasn’t satisfied with this, and so used the ingenious device of assuring the order of the UPDATE by the use of an "ordered CTE", based on an underlying temporary staging table (a heap). However, in either case, the ordering is still not guaranteed and, in addition, would be broken under conditions of parallelism, or partitioning. Many argue, with validity, that this reliance on a given order where none can ever be guaranteed is an abuse of basic relational principles, and so is a bad practice; perhaps even irresponsible. More importantly, Microsoft doesn't wish to support the technique and offers no guarantee that it will always work. If you put it into production and it breaks in a later version, you can't file a bug. As such, many believe that the technique should never be tolerated in a production system, under any circumstances. Is this attitude justified? After all, both forms of the technique, using a clustered index to guarantee the order or using an ordered CTE, have been tested rigorously and are proven to be robust; although not guaranteed by Microsoft, the ordering is reliable, provided none of the conditions that are known to break it are violated. In Peter's particular case, the technique is being applied to a temporary table, where the developer has full control of the data ordering, and indexing, and knows that the table will never be subject to parallelism or partitioning. It might be argued that, in such circumstances, the technique is not really "quirky" at all and to ban it from your systems would server no real purpose other than to deprive yourself of a reliable technique that has uses that extend well beyond the running total calculations. Of course, it is doubly important that such a technique, including its unsupported status and the assumptions that underpin its success, is fully and clearly documented, preferably even when posting it online in a competition or forum post. Ultimately, however, this technique has been available to programmers throughout the time Sybase and SQL Server has existed, and so cannot be lightly cast aside, even if one sympathises with Microsoft for the awkwardness of maintaining an archaic way of doing updates. After all, a Table hint could easily be devised that, if specified in the WITH (<Table_Hint_Limited>) clause, could be used to request the database engine to do the update in the conventional order. Then perhaps everyone would be satisfied. Cheers, Tony.

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• How would you refactor nested IF Statements?

  - by saunderl

  I was cruising around the programming blogosphere when I happened upon this post about GOTO's: http://giuliozambon.blogspot.com/2010/12/programmers-tabu.html Here the writer talks about how "one must come to the conclusion that there are situations where GOTOs make for more readable and more maintainable code" and then goes on to show an example similar to this: if (Check#1) { CodeBlock#1 if (Check#2) { CodeBlock#2 if (Check#3) { CodeBlock#3 if (Check#4) { CodeBlock#4 if (Check#5) { CodeBlock#5 if (Check#6) { CodeBlock#6 if (Check#7) { CodeBlock#7 } else { rest - of - the - program } } } } } } } The writer then proposes that using GOTO's would make this code much easier to read and maintain. I personally can think of at least 3 different ways to flatten it out and make this code more readable without resorting to flow-breaking GOTO's. Here are my two favorites. 1 - Nested Small Functions. Take each if and its code block and turn it into a function. If the boolean check fails, just return. If it passes, then call the next function in the chain. (Boy, that sounds a lot like recursion, could you do it in a single loop with function pointers?) 2 - Sentinal Variable. To me this is the easyest. Just use a blnContinueProcessing variable and check to see if it is still true in your if check. Then if the check fails, set the variable to false. How many different ways can this type of coding problem be refactored to reduce nesting and increase maintainability?

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• Entity Framework - Single EMDX Mapping Multiple Database

  - by michaelalisonalviar

  Because of my recent craze on Entity Framework thanks to Sir Humprey, I have continuously searched the Internet for tutorials on how to apply it to our current system. So I've come to learn that with EF, I can eliminate the numerous coding of methods/functions for CRUD operations, my overly used assigning of connection strings, Data Adapters or Data Readers as Entity Framework will map my desired database and will do its magic to create entities for each table I want (using EF Powertool) and does all the methods/functions for my Crud Operations. But as I begin applying it to a new project I was assigned to, I realized our current server is designed to contain each similar entities in different databases. For example Our lookup tables are stored in LookupDb, Accounting-related tables are in AccountingDb, Sales-related tables in SalesDb. My dilemma is I have to use an existing table from LookupDB and use it as a look-up for my new table. Then I have found Miss Rachel's Blog (here)Thank You Miss Rachel!  which enables me to let EF think that my TableLookup1 is in the AccountingDB using the following steps. Im on VS 2010, I am using C# , Using Entity Framework 5, SQL Server 2008 as our DB ServerStep 1:Creating A SQL Synonym. If you want a more detailed discussion on synonyms, this was what i have read -> (link here). To simply put it, A synonym enabled me to simplify my query for the Look-up table when I'm using the AccountingDB fromSELECT [columns] FROM LookupDB.dbo.TableLookup1toSELECT [columns] FROM TableLookup1Syntax: CREATE SYNONYM  TableLookup1(1) FOR LookupDB.dbo.TableLookup1 (2)1. What you want to call the table on your other DB2. DataBaseName.schema.TableNameStep 2: We will now follow Miss Rachel's steps. you can either visit the link on the original topic I posted earlier or just follow the step I made.1. I created a Visual Basic Solution that will contain the 4 projects needed to complete the merging2. First project will contain the edmx file pointing to the AccountingDB3. Second project will contain the edmx file pointing to the LookupDB4. Third Project will will be our repository of the merged edmx file. Create an edmx file pointing To AccountingDB as this the database that we created the Synonym on.Reminder: Aside from using the same name for the Entities, please make sure that you have the same Model Namespace for all your Entities  5. Fourth project that will contain the beautiful EDMX merger that Miss Rachel created that will free you from Hard coding of the merge/recoding the Edmx File of the third project everytime a change is done on either one of the first two projects' Edmx File.6. Run the solution, but make sure that on the solutions properties Single startup project is selected and the project containing the EDMX merger is selected.7. After running the solution, double click on the EDMX file of the 3rd project and set Lazy Loading Enabled = False. This will let you use the tables/entities that you see in that EDMX File.8. Feel free to do your CRUD Operations.I don't know if EF 5 already has a feature to support synonyms as I am still a newbie on that aspect but I have seen a linked where there are supposed suggestions on Entity Framework upgrades and one is the "Support for multiple databases"  So that's it! Thanks for reading!

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• Why binding is not a native feature in most of the languages?

  - by Gulshan

  IMHO binding a variable to another variable or an expression is a very common scenario in mathematics. In fact, in the beginning, many students think the assignment operator(=) is some kind of binding. But in most of the languages, binding is not supported as a native feature. In some languages like C#, binding is supported in some cases with some conditions fulfilled. But IMHO implementing this as a native feature was as simple as changing the following code- int a,b,sum; sum := a + b; a = 10; b = 20; a++; to this- int a,b,sum; a = 10; sum = a + b; b = 20; sum = a + b; a++; sum = a + b; Meaning placing the binding instruction as assignments after every instruction changing values of any of the variable contained in the expression at right side. After this, trimming redundant instructions (or optimization in assembly after compilation) will do. So, why it is not supported natively in most of the languages. Specially in the C-family of languages? Update: From different opinions, I think I should define this proposed "binding" more precisely- This is one way binding. Only sum is bound to a+b, not the vice versa. The scope of the binding is local. Once the binding is established, it cannot be changed. Meaning, once sum is bound to a+b, sum will always be a+b. Hope the idea is clearer now. Update 2: I just wanted this P# feature. Hope it will be there in future.

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• Types of quotes for an HTML templating language

  - by Ralph

  I'm developing a templating language, and now I'm trying to decide on what I should do with quotes. I'm thinking about having 3 different types of quotes which are all handled differently: backtick ` double quote " single quote ' expand variables ? yes no escape sequences no yes ? escape html no yes yes Backticks Backticks are meant to be used for outputting JavaScript or unescaped HTML. It's often handy to be able to pass variables into JS, but it could also cause issues with things being treated as variables that shouldn't. My variables are PHP-style ($var) so I'm thinking that might mess with jQuery pretty bad... but if I disable variable expansion w/ backticks then, I'm not sure how would insert a variable into a JS code block? Single Quotes Not sure if escape sequences like \n should be treated as literals or converted. I find it pretty rare that I want to disable escape sequences, but if you do, you could use backticks. So I'm leaning towards "yes" for this one, but that would be contrary to how PHP does it. Double Quotes Pretty certain I want everything enabled for this one. Modifiers I'm also thinking about adding modifiers like @ or r in front of the string that would change some of these options to enable a few more combinations. I would need 9 different quotes or 3 quotes and 2 modifiers to get every combination wouldn't I? My language also supports "filters" which can be applied against any "term" (number, variable, string) so you could always write something like "blah blah $var blah"|expandvars Or "my string"|escapehtml Thoughts? What would you prefer? What would be least confusing/most intuitive?

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• Is there a name for a testing method where you compare a set of very different designs?

  - by DVK

  "A/B testing" is defined as "a method of marketing testing by which a baseline control sample is compared to a variety of single-variable test samples in order to improve response rates". The point here, of course, is to know which small single-variable changes are more optimal, with the goal of finding the local optimum. However, one can also envision a somewhat related but different scenario for testing the response rate of major re-designs: take a baseline control design, take one or more completely different designs, and run test samples on those redesigns to compare response rates. As a practical but contrived example, imagine testing a set of designs for the same website, one being minimalist "googly" design, one being cluttered "Amazony" design, and one being an artsy "designy" design (e.g. maximum use of design elements unlike Google but minimal simultaneously presented information, like Google but unlike Amazon) Is there an official name for such testing? It's definitely not A/B testing, since the main component of it (finding local optimum by testing single-variable small changes that can be attributed to response shift) is not present. This is more about trying to compare a set of local optimums, and compare to see which one works better as a global optimum. It's not a multivriable, A/B/N or any other such testing since you don't really have specific variables that can be attributed, just different designs.

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• SQL Server Transaction Marks: Restoring multiple databases to a common relative point

  - by Mladen Prajdic

  We’re all familiar with the ability to restore a database to point in time using the RESTORE WITH STOPAT statement. But what if we have multiple databases that are accessed from one application or are modifying each other? And over multiple instances? And all databases have different workloads? And we want to restore all of the databases to some known common relative point? The catch here is that this common relative point isn’t the same point in time for all databases. This common relative point in time might be now in DB1, now-1 hour in DB2 and yesterday in DB3. And we don’t know the exact times. Let me introduce you to Transaction Marks. When we run a marked transaction using the WITH MARK option a flag is set in the transaction log and a row is added to msdb..logmarkhistory table. When restoring a transaction log backup we can restore to either before or after that marked transaction. The best thing is that we don’t even need to have one database modifying another database. All we have to do is use a marked transaction with the same name in different database. Let’s see how this works with an example. The code comments say what’s going on. USE master GOCREATE DATABASE TestTxMark1GOUSE TestTxMark1GOCREATE TABLE TestTable1( ID INT, VALUE UNIQUEIDENTIFIER) -- insert some data into the table so we can have a starting pointINSERT INTO TestTable1SELECT ROW_NUMBER() OVER(ORDER BY number) AS RN, NULLFROM master..spt_valuesORDER BY RNSELECT *FROM TestTable1GO-- TAKE A FULL BACKUP of the databseBACKUP DATABASE TestTxMark1 TO DISK = 'c:\TestTxMark1.bak'GO USE master GOCREATE DATABASE TestTxMark2GOUSE TestTxMark2GOCREATE TABLE TestTable2( ID INT, VALUE UNIQUEIDENTIFIER)-- insert some data into the table so we can have a starting pointINSERT INTO TestTable2SELECT ROW_NUMBER() OVER(ORDER BY number) AS RN, NEWID()FROM master..spt_valuesORDER BY RNSELECT *FROM TestTable2GO-- TAKE A FULL BACKUP of our databseBACKUP DATABASE TestTxMark2 TO DISK = 'c:\TestTxMark2.bak'GO -- start a marked transaction that modifies both databasesBEGIN TRAN TxDb WITH MARK -- update values from NULL to random value UPDATE TestTable1 SET VALUE = NEWID(); -- update first 100 values from random value -- to NULL in different DB UPDATE TestTxMark2.dbo.TestTable2 SET VALUE = NULL WHERE ID <= 100;COMMITGO     -- some time goes by here -- with various database activity... -- We see two entries for marks in each database. -- This is just informational and has no bearing on the restore itself.SELECT * FROM msdb..logmarkhistory USE masterGO-- create a log backup to restore to mark pointBACKUP LOG TestTxMark1 TO DISK = 'c:\TestTxMark1.trn'GO-- drop the database so we can restore it backDROP DATABASE TestTxMark1GO USE masterGO-- create a log backup to restore to mark pointBACKUP LOG TestTxMark2 TO DISK = 'c:\TestTxMark2.trn'GO-- drop the database so we can restore it backDROP DATABASE TestTxMark2GO -- RESTORE THE DATABASE BACK BEFORE OUR TRANSACTION-- restore the full backup RESTORE DATABASE TestTxMark1 FROM DISK = 'c:\TestTxMark1.bak' WITH NORECOVERY;-- restore the log backup to the transaction markRESTORE LOG TestTxMark1 FROM DISK = 'c:\TestTxMark1.trn' WITH RECOVERY, -- recover to state before the transaction STOPBEFOREMARK = 'TxDb'; -- recover to state after the transaction -- STOPATMARK = 'TxDb';GO -- RESTORE THE DATABASE BACK BEFORE OUR TRANSACTION-- restore the full backup RESTORE DATABASE TestTxMark2 FROM DISK = 'c:\TestTxMark2.bak' WITH NORECOVERY;-- restore the log backup to the transaction markRESTORE LOG TestTxMark2 FROM DISK = 'c:\TestTxMark2.trn' WITH RECOVERY, -- recover to state before the transaction STOPBEFOREMARK = 'TxDb'; -- recover to state after the transaction -- STOPATMARK = 'TxDb';GO USE TestTxMark1-- we restored to time before the transaction -- so we have NULL values in our tableSELECT * FROM TestTable1 USE TestTxMark2-- we restored to time before the transaction -- so we DON'T have NULL values in our tableSELECT * FROM TestTable2   Transaction marks can be used like a crude sync mechanism for cross database operations. With them we can mark our databases with a common “restore to” point so we know we have a valid state between all databases to restore to.

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• Level editor event system, how to translate event to game action

  - by Martino Wullems

  Hello, I've been busy trying to create a level editor for a tile based game i'm working on. It's all going pretty fine, the only thing i'm having trouble with is creating a simple event system. Let's say the player steps on a particulair tile that had the action "teleport" assigned to it in the editor. The teleport string is saved in the tile object as a variable. When creating the tilegrid an actionmanager class scans the action variable and assigns actions to the variable. public static class ActionManager { public static function ParseTileAction(tile:Tile) { switch(tile.action) { case "TELEPORT": //assign action here break; } } } Now this is an collision event, so I guess I should also provide an object to colide with the tile. But what if it would have to count for collision with all objects in the world? Also, checking for collisions in the actionmanager class doesn't seem very efficient. Am I even on the right track here? I'm new to game design so I could be completly off track. Any tips on how handeling and creating events using an editor is usually done would be great. The main problem i'm having is the Thanks in advance.

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• Is there a pattern or best practice for passing a reference type to multiple classes vs a static class?

  - by Dave

  My .NET application creates HTML files, and as such, the structure looks like variable myData BuildHomePage() variable graph = new BuildGraphPage(myData) variable table = BuildTablePage(myData) BuildGraphPage and BuildTablePage both require access data, the myData object. In the above example, I've passed the myData object to 2 constructors. This is what I'm doing now, in my current project. The myData object, and it's properties are all readonly. The problem is, the number of pages which will require this object has grown. In the real project, there are currently 4, but the new spec is to have about 20. Passing this object to the constructor of each new object and assigning it to a field is a little time consuming, but not a hardship! This poses the question whether it's better practice to continue as I have, or to refactor and create a new static class for myData which can be referenced from any where in my project. I guess my abilities to use Google are poor, because I did try and find an appropriate pattern as I am sure this type of design must be common place but my results returned nothing. Is there a pattern which is suited, or do best practices lean towards one implementation over another.

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• Recent improvements in Console Performance

  - by loren.konkus

  Recently, the WebLogic Server development and support organizations have worked with a number of customers to quantify and improve the performance of the Administration Console in large, distributed configurations where there is significant latency in the communications between the administration server and managed servers. These improvements fall into two categories: Constraining the amount of time that the Console stalls waiting for communication Reducing and streamlining the amount of data required for an update A few releases ago, we added support for a configurable domain-wide mbean "Invocation Timeout" value on the Console's configuration: general, advanced section for a domain. The default value for this setting is 0, which means wait indefinitely and was chosen for compatibility with the behavior of previous releases. This configuration setting applies to all mbean communications between the admin server and managed servers, and is the first line of defense against being blocked by a stalled or completely overloaded managed server. Each site should choose an appropriate timeout value for their environment and network latency. In the next release of WebLogic Server, we've added an additional console preference, "Management Operation Timeout", to the Console's shared preference page. This setting further constrains how long certain console pages will wait for slowly responding servers before returning partial results. While not all Console pages support this yet, key pages such as the Servers Configuration and Control table pages and the Deployments Control pages have been updated to support this. For example, if a user requests a Servers Table page and a Management Operation Timeout occurs, the table is displayed with both local configuration and remote runtime information from the responding managed servers and only local configuration information for servers that did not yet respond. This means that a troublesome managed server does not impede your ability to manage your domain using the Console. To support these changes, these Console pages have been re-written to use the Work Management feature of WebLogic Server to interact with each server or deployment concurrently, which further improves the responsiveness of these pages. The basic algorithm for these pages is: For each configuration mbean (ie, Servers) populate rows with configuration attributes from the fast, local mbean server Find a WorkManager For each server, Create a Work instance to obtain runtime mbean attributes for the server Schedule Work instance in the WorkManager Call WorkManager.waitForAll to wait WorkItems to finish, constrained by Management Operation Timeout For each WorkItem, if the runtime information obtained was not complete, add a message indicating which server has incomplete data Display collected data in table In addition to these changes to constrain how long the console waits for communication, a number of other changes have been made to reduce the amount and scope of managed server interactions for key pages. For example, in previous releases the Deployments Control table looked at the status of a deployment on every managed server, even those servers that the deployment was not currently targeted on. (This was done to handle an edge case where a deployment's target configuration was changed while it remained running on previously targeted servers.) We decided supporting that edge case did not warrant the performance impact for all, and instead only look at the status of a deployment on the servers it is targeted to. Comprehensive status continues to be available if a user clicks on the 'status' field for a deployment. Finally, changes have been made to the System Status portlet to reduce its impact on Console page display times. Obtaining health information for this display requires several mbean interactions with managed servers. In previous releases, this mbean interaction occurred with every display, and any delay or impediment in these interactions was reflected in the display time for every page. To reduce this impact, we've made several changes in this portlet: Using Work Management to obtain health concurrently Applying the operation timeout configuration to constrain how long we will wait Caching health information to reduce the cost during rapid navigation from page to page and only obtaining new health information if the previous information is over 30 seconds old. Eliminating heath collection if this portlet is minimized. Together, these Console changes have resulted in significant performance improvements for the customers with large configurations and high latency that we have worked with during their development, and some lesser performance improvements for those with small configurations and very fast networks. These changes will be included in the 11g Rel 1 patch set 2 (10.3.3.0) release of WebLogic Server.

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• Indexing data from multiple tables with Oracle Text

  - by Roger Ford

  It's well known that Oracle Text indexes perform best when all the data to be indexed is combined into a single index. The query select * from mytable where contains (title, 'dog') 0 or contains (body, 'cat') 0 will tend to perform much worse than select * from mytable where contains (text, 'dog WITHIN title OR cat WITHIN body') 0 For this reason, Oracle Text provides the MULTI_COLUMN_DATASTORE which will combine data from multiple columns into a single index. Effectively, it constructs a "virtual document" at indexing time, which might look something like: <title>the big dog</title> <body>the ginger cat smiles</body> This virtual document can be indexed using either AUTO_SECTION_GROUP, or by explicitly defining sections for title and body, allowing the query as expressed above. Note that we've used a column called "text" - this might have been a dummy column added to the table simply to allow us to create an index on it - or we could created the index on either of the "real" columns - title or body. It should be noted that MULTI_COLUMN_DATASTORE doesn't automatically handle updates to columns used by it - if you create the index on the column text, but specify that columns title and body are to be indexed, you will need to arrange triggers such that the text column is updated whenever title or body are altered. That works fine for single tables. But what if we actually want to combine data from multiple tables? In that case there are two approaches which work well: Create a real table which contains a summary of the information, and create the index on that using the MULTI_COLUMN_DATASTORE. This is simple, and effective, but it does use a lot of disk space as the information to be indexed has to be duplicated. Create our own "virtual" documents using the USER_DATASTORE. The user datastore allows us to specify a PL/SQL procedure which will be used to fetch the data to be indexed, returned in a CLOB, or occasionally in a BLOB or VARCHAR2. This PL/SQL procedure is called once for each row in the table to be indexed, and is passed the ROWID value of the current row being indexed. The actual contents of the procedure is entirely up to the owner, but it is normal to fetch data from one or more columns from database tables. In both cases, we still need to take care of updates - making sure that we have all the triggers necessary to update the indexed column (and, in case 1, the summary table) whenever any of the data to be indexed gets changed. I've written full examples of both these techniques, as SQL scripts to be run in the SQL*Plus tool. You will need to run them as a user who has CTXAPP role and CREATE DIRECTORY privilege. Part of the data to be indexed is a Microsoft Word file called "1.doc". You should create this file in Word, preferably containing the single line of text: "test document". This file can be saved anywhere, but the SQL scripts need to be changed so that the "create or replace directory" command refers to the right location. In the example, I've used C:\doc. multi_table_indexing_1.sql : creates a summary table containing all the data, and uses multi_column_datastore Download link / View in browser multi_table_indexing_2.sql : creates "virtual" documents using a procedure as a user_datastore Download link / View in browser

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• Sales and Procurement Contracts 12.1.3++ Release Information

  - by LuciaC

  New functionality has been released for Sales and Procurement Contracts in a new patch: Contracts 12.1.3++: Patch 13877401: 12.1.3 Rollup for Oracle Contracts Core. The new functionality includes: APIs for Import of Contract Templates, Contract Expert rules, Questions and Constants: The three APIs are as follows: API for Templates, API for Rules, and API for Questions and Constants. These can be used to both create entities and update existing templates and rules. The APIs will display error and warning messages which can be processed and analyzed by the customer. Ability to Apply Multiple Templates to a Sourcing, Procurement or Sales Document: The buyer can select and add multiple templates to a quote,sales agreement document, sourcing or purchasing odcument.  All the clauses and deliverables from the new templates are synchronized with the document. The Contract Expert rules are from the original template. The buyer can also view the list of templates that are added to any sales or procurement document. Ability to Define Multi-Row Variables: You can create user defined manual variables that are tables containing one row per line or multiple rows. Contract Preview will print the variable values according to the layout defined for the variable. These variables are not available for Contract Expert Rules and Supplier. Enhancement to Suggested Sections for Clauses by Contract Expert: You can associate multiple default sections with a clause. A clause is associated with multiple values of any system variable and for each such value a section name is associated in Contracts Terms Library. When Contract Expert is run in the contract authoring flow, the clause is automatically placed in the associated section name. Plus many more new features. Read the following notes for details on all the new and changed functionality: Oracle Procurement Contracts Release Notes, Release 12.1.3++ (Doc ID 1467140.1) Oracle Sales Contracts Release Notes, Release 12.1.3++ (Doc ID 1467149.1) Oracle E-Business Suite Releases 12.1 and 12.2 Release Content Documents (Doc ID 1302189.1)

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• SQL SERVER – Asynchronous Update and Timestamp – Check if Row Values are Changed Since Last Retrieve

  - by pinaldave

  Here is the question received just this morning. “Pinal, Our application is much different than other application you might have come across. In simple words, I would like to call it Asynchronous Updated Application. We need your quick opinion about one of the situation which we are facing. From business side: We have bidding system (similar to eBay but not exactly) and where multiple parties bid on one item, during the last few minutes of bidding many parties try to bid at the same time with the same price. When they hit submit, we would like to check if the original data which they retrieved is changed or not. If the original data which they have retrieved is the same, we will accept their new proposed price. If original data are changed, they will have to resubmit the data with new price. From technical side: We have a row which we retrieve in our application. Multiple users are retrieving the same row. Some of the users will update the value of the row and submit. However, only the very first user should be allowed to update the row and remaining all the users will have to re-fetch the row and updated it once again. We do not want to lock any record as that will create other problems. Do you have any solution for this kind of situation?” Fantastic Question. I believe there is good chance that we can use timestamp datatype in this kind of application. Before we continue let us see following simple example. USE tempdb GO CREATE TABLE SampleTable (ID INT, Col1 VARCHAR(100), TimeStampCol TIMESTAMP) GO INSERT INTO SampleTable (ID, Col1) VALUES (1, 'FirstVal') GO SELECT ID, Col1, TimeStampCol FROM SampleTable st GO UPDATE SampleTable SET Col1 = 'NextValue' GO SELECT ID, Col1, TimeStampCol FROM SampleTable st GO DROP TABLE SampleTable GO Now let us see the resultset. Here is the simple explanation of the scenario. We created a table with simple column with TIMESTAMP datatype. When we inserted a very first value the timestamp was generated. When we updated any value in that row, the timestamp was updated with the new value. Every single time when we update any value in the row, it will generate new timestamp value. Now let us apply this in an original question’s scenario. In that case multiple users are retrieving the same row. Everybody will have the same now same TimeStamp with them. Before any user update any value they should once again retrieve the timestamp from the table and compare with the timestamp they have with them. If both of the timestamp have the same value – the original row has not been updated and we can safely update the row with the new value. After initial update, now the row will contain a new timestamp. Any subsequent update to the same row should also go to the same process of checking the value of the timestamp they have in their memory. In this case, the timestamp from memory will be different from the timestamp in the row. This indicates that row in the table has changed and new updates should not be allowed. I believe timestamp can be very very useful in this kind of scenario. Is there any better alternative? Please leave a comment with the suggestion and I will post on the blog with due credit. Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.sqlauthority.com) Filed under: PostADay, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Query, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, T SQL, Technology

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• How to run the pixel shader effcet??

  - by Yashwinder

  Below stated is the code for my pixel shader which I am rendering after the vertex shader. I have set the wordViewProjection matrix in my program but I don't know to set the progress variable i.e in my pixel shader file which will make the image displayed by the help of a quad to give out transition effect. Here is the code for my pixel shader program::: As my pixel shader is giving a static effect and now I want to use it to give some effect. So for this I have to add a progress variable in my pixel shader and initialize to the Constant table function i.e constantTable.SetValue(D3DDevice,"progress",progress ); I am having the problem in using this function for progress in my program. Anybody know how to set this variable in my program. And my new pixel Shader code is float progress : register(C0); sampler2D implicitInput : register(s0); sampler2D oldInput : register(s1); struct VS_OUTPUT { float4 Position : POSITION; float4 Color : COLOR0; float2 UV : TEXCOORD 0; }; float4 Blinds(float2 uv) { if(frac(uv.y * 5) < progress) { return tex2D(implicitInput, uv); } else { return tex2D(oldInput, uv); } } // Pixel Shader { return Blinds(input.UV); }

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• Powershell variables to string

  - by Mike Koerner

  I'm new to powershell. I'm trying to write an error handler to wrap around my script.  Part of the error handler is dumping out some variable settings.  I spent a while trying to do this and couldn't google a complete solution so I thought I'd post something. I want to display the $myinvocation variable. In powershell you can do this PS C:\> $myInvocation for my purpose I want to create a stringbuilder object and append the $myinvocation info.  I tried this $sbOut = new-object System.Text.Stringbuilder $sbOut.appendLine($myinvocation) $sbOut.ToString() This produces                                    Capacity                                MaxCapacity                                     Length                                    --------                                -----------                                     ------                                          86                                 2147483647                                         45 System.Management.Automation.InvocationInfo This is not what I wanted so I tried $sbOut.appendLine(($myinvocation|format-list *)) This produced                                    Capacity                                MaxCapacity                                     Length                                    --------                                -----------                                     ------                                         606                                 2147483647                                        305 Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.Internal.Format.FormatStartData Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.Internal.Format.GroupStartData Micros oft.PowerShell.Commands.Internal.Format.FormatEntryData Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.Internal.Format.GroupEndData Microsoft.Powe rShell.Commands.Internal.Format.FormatEndData Finally I figured out how to produce what I wanted: $sbOut = new-object System.Text.Stringbuilder [void]$sbOut.appendLine(($myinvocation|out-string)) $sbOut.ToString() MyCommand        : $sbOut = new-object System.Text.Stringbuilder                                    [void]$sbOut.appendLine(($myinvocation|out-string))                                      $sbOut.ToString()                    BoundParameters  : {} UnboundArguments : {} ScriptLineNumber : 0 OffsetInLine     : 0 HistoryId        : 13 ScriptName       : Line             : PositionMessage  : InvocationName   : PipelineLength   : 2 PipelinePosition : 1 ExpectingInput   : False CommandOrigin    : Runspace Note the [void] in front of the stringbuilder variable doesn't show the Capacity,MaxCapacity of the stringbuilder object.  The pipe to out-string makes the output a string. It's not pretty but it works.

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• Gödel, Escher, Bach - Gödel's string

  - by Brad Urani

  In the book Gödel, Escher, Bach: An Eternal Golden Braid by Douglas Hofstadter, the author gives us a representation of the precursor to Gödel's string (Gödel's string's uncle) as: ~Ea,a': (I don't have the book in front of me but I think that's right). All that remains to get Gödel's string is to plug the Gödel number for this string into the free variable a''. What I don't understand is how to get the Gödel number for the functions PROOF-PAIR and ARITHMOQUINE. I understand how to write these functions in a programming language like FlooP (from the book) and could even write them myself in C# or Java, but the scheme that Hofstadter defines for Gödel numbering only applies to TNT (which is just his own syntax for natural number theory) and I don't see any way to write a procedure in TNT since it doesn't have any loops, variable assignments etc. Am I missing the point? Perhaps Gödel's string is not something that can actually be printed, but rather a theoretical string that need not actually be defined? I thought it would be neat to write a computer program that actually prints Gödel's string, or Gödel's string encoded by Gödel numbering (yes, I realize it would have a gazillion digits) but it seems like doing so requires some kind of procedural language and a Gödel numbering system for that procedural language that isn't included in the book. Of course once you had that, you could write a program that plugs random numbers into variable "a" and run procedure PROOF-PAIR on it to test for theoromhood of Gödel's string. If you let it run for a trillion years you might find a derivation that proves Gödel's string.

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• Installing both lxml 3.1.2 and lxml2 on ubuntu 12.04

  - by wgw

  I asked this on SO: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/19852911/lxml-3-1-2-and-lxml2-both-on-ubuntu/19856674#19856674 But it is perhaps more appropriate for AskUbuntu. So here it is again, reformulated. On the lxml site they suggest that it is possible to have both lxml2 and the newest version of lxml on ubuntu: Using lxml with python-libxml2 If you want to use lxml together with the official libxml2 Python bindings (maybe because one of your dependencies uses it), you must build lxml statically. Otherwise, the two packages will interfere in places where the libxml2 library requires global configuration, which can have any kind of effect from disappearing functionality to crashes in either of the two. To get a static build, either pass the --static-deps option to the setup.py script, or run pip with the STATIC_DEPS or STATICBUILD environment variable set to true, i.e. STATIC_DEPS=true pip install lxml The STATICBUILD environment variable is handled equivalently to the STATIC_DEPS variable, but is used by some other extension packages, too. I am generally confused about how pip packages and ubuntu packages get along, so I hesitate to run STATIC_DEPS=true pip install lxml. Will it damage/confuse my installed lxml2 package? The suggestion on SO was to install the new lxml in a virtualenv. That looks like the best way to go, but the lxml site is suggesting that a dual installation will work also. In general: what happens if I use pip (to get a newer install) for a package that is already installed by apt-get?

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• Detect Unicode Usage in SQL Column

  One optimization you can make to a SQL table that is overly large is to change from nvarchar (or nchar) to varchar (or char).  Doing so will cut the size used by the data in half, from 2 bytes per character (+ 2 bytes of overhead for varchar) to only 1 byte per character.  However, you will lose the ability to store Unicode characters, such as those used by many non-English alphabets.  If the tables are storing user-input, and your application is or might one day be used internationally, its likely that using Unicode for your characters is a good thing.  However, if instead the data is being generated by your application itself or your development team (such as lookup data), and you can be certain that Unicode character sets are not required, then switching such columns to varchar/char can be an easy improvement to make. Avoid Premature Optimization If you are working with a lookup table that has a small number of rows, and is only ever referenced in the application by its numeric ID column, then you wont see any benefit to using varchar vs. nvarchar.  More generally, for small tables, you wont see any significant benefit.  Thus, if you have a general policy in place to use nvarchar/nchar because it offers more flexibility, do not take this post as a recommendation to go against this policy anywhere you can.  You really only want to act on measurable evidence that suggests that using Unicode is resulting in a problem, and that you wont lose anything by switching to varchar/char. Obviously the main reason to make this change is to reduce the amount of space required by each row.  This in turn affects how many rows SQL Server can page through at a time, and can also impact index size and how much disk I/O is required to respond to queries, etc.  If for example you have a table with 100 million records in it and this table has a column of type nchar(5), this column will use 5 * 2 = 10 bytes per row, and with 100M rows that works out to 10 bytes * 100 million = 1000 MBytes or 1GB.  If it turns out that this column only ever stores ASCII characters, then changing it to char(5) would reduce this to 5*1 = 5 bytes per row, and only 500MB.  Of course, if it turns out that it only ever stores the values true and false then you could go further and replace it with a bit data type which uses only 1 byte per row (100MB  total). Detecting Whether Unicode Is In Use So by now you think that you have a problem and that it might be alleviated by switching some columns from nvarchar/nchar to varchar/char but youre not sure whether youre currently using Unicode in these columns.  By definition, you should only be thinking about this for a column that has a lot of rows in it, since the benefits just arent there for a small table, so you cant just eyeball it and look for any non-ASCII characters.  Instead, you need a query.  Its actually very simple: SELECT DISTINCT(CategoryName)FROM CategoriesWHERE CategoryName <> CONVERT(varchar, CategoryName) Summary Gregg Stark for the tip. Did you know that DotNetSlackers also publishes .net articles written by top known .net Authors? We already have over 80 articles in several categories including Silverlight. Take a look: here.

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• How ReSharper saved the day

  - by Randy Walker

  The Back Story: As a Microsoft MVP awardee, one of the many benefits is free software, books, and various products.  Some of the producers/manufacturers ask for reviews in exchange, others just ask for a brief mention (nothing is ever really free).  But considering that some of the products are essential to my everyday computing, I never mind mentioning their names and evangelizing their products. One of these tools just happened to save me a countless number of hours.  With the release of Microsoft’s Visual Studio 2010, JetBrains released their new 5.0 version of ReSharper. The Story: My specialty is Visual Basic development.  I am not, and probably will never be a C# developer.  As such, trying to figure out how to debug a C# project, that was written 2 years ago by a contract developer, let’s just say it’s a painful process. I have a special class for config file reading and writing, written in C#.  I kept getting exceptions when the reader would get to a line that had an xml comment in it.  It took me a couple of hours to narrow down where it was happening and why, but I couldn’t figure out the best way to fix it.  It was a for loop that was implicitly casting the type of the variable.  I knew I need to explicitly cast the variable type, but only after the type was verified.  So after I finally got some of the code written, ReSharper gave me some suggestions on how to write the code better. One of the ways was to safely cast the variable into the type I wanted.  Blammo, no more exceptions in a way I hadn’t anticipated.  Instead of having to check the type before I cast it.  Beautiful, simple, and taught me a better way to code C#. Kudos JetBrains … now if it only worked better with VB (then it could be called ReBasic, ReVB, RE???)

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• Working with Timelines with LINQ to Twitter

  - by Joe Mayo

  When first working with the Twitter API, I thought that using SinceID would be an effective way to page through timelines. In practice it doesn’t work well for various reasons. To explain why, Twitter published an excellent document that is a must-read for anyone working with timelines: Twitter Documentation: Working with Timelines This post shows how to implement the recommended strategies in that document by using LINQ to Twitter. You should read the document in it’s entirety before moving on because my explanation will start at the bottom and work back up to the top in relation to the Twitter document. What follows is an explanation of SinceID, MaxID, and how they come together to help you efficiently work with Twitter timelines. The Role of SinceID Specifying SinceID says to Twitter, “Don’t return tweets earlier than this”. What you want to do is store this value after every timeline query set so that it can be reused on the next set of queries.  The next section will explain what I mean by query set, but a quick explanation is that it’s a loop that gets all new tweets. The SinceID is a backstop to avoid retrieving tweets that you already have. Here’s some initialization code that includes a variable named sinceID that will be used to populate the SinceID property in subsequent queries: // last tweet processed on previous query set ulong sinceID = 210024053698867204; ulong maxID; const int Count = 10; var statusList = new List<status>(); Here, I’ve hard-coded the sinceID variable, but this is where you would initialize sinceID from whatever storage you choose (i.e. a database). The first time you ever run this code, you won’t have a value from a previous query set. Initially setting it to 0 might sound like a good idea, but what if you’re querying a timeline with lots of tweets? Because of the number of tweets and rate limits, your query set might take a very long time to run. A caveat might be that Twitter won’t return an entire timeline back to Tweet #0, but rather only go back a certain period of time, the limits of which are documented for individual Twitter timeline API resources. So, to initialize SinceID at too low of a number can result in a lot of initial tweets, yet there is a limit to how far you can go back. What you’re trying to accomplish in your application should guide you in how to initially set SinceID. I have more to say about SinceID later in this post. The other variables initialized above include the declaration for MaxID, Count, and statusList. The statusList variable is a holder for all the timeline tweets collected during this query set. You can set Count to any value you want as the largest number of tweets to retrieve, as defined by individual Twitter timeline API resources. To effectively page results, you’ll use the maxID variable to set the MaxID property in queries, which I’ll discuss next. Initializing MaxID On your first query of a query set, MaxID will be whatever the most recent tweet is that you get back. Further, you don’t know what MaxID is until after the initial query. The technique used in this post is to do an initial query and then use the results to figure out what the next MaxID will be.  Here’s the code for the initial query: var userStatusResponse = (from tweet in twitterCtx.Status where tweet.Type == StatusType.User && tweet.ScreenName == "JoeMayo" && tweet.SinceID == sinceID && tweet.Count == Count select tweet) .ToList(); statusList.AddRange(userStatusResponse); // first tweet processed on current query maxID = userStatusResponse.Min( status => ulong.Parse(status.StatusID)) - 1; The query above sets both SinceID and Count properties. As explained earlier, Count is the largest number of tweets to return, but the number can be less. A couple reasons why the number of tweets that are returned could be less than Count include the fact that the user, specified by ScreenName, might not have tweeted Count times yet or might not have tweeted at least Count times within the maximum number of tweets that can be returned by the Twitter timeline API resource. Another reason could be because there aren’t Count tweets between now and the tweet ID specified by sinceID. Setting SinceID constrains the results to only those tweets that occurred after the specified Tweet ID, assigned via the sinceID variable in the query above. The statusList is an accumulator of all tweets receive during this query set. To simplify the code, I left out some logic to check whether there were no tweets returned. If  the query above doesn’t return any tweets, you’ll receive an exception when trying to perform operations on an empty list. Yeah, I cheated again. Besides querying initial tweets, what’s important about this code is the final line that sets maxID. It retrieves the lowest numbered status ID in the results. Since the lowest numbered status ID is for a tweet we already have, the code decrements the result by one to keep from asking for that tweet again. Remember, SinceID is not inclusive, but MaxID is. The maxID variable is now set to the highest possible tweet ID that can be returned in the next query. The next section explains how to use MaxID to help get the remaining tweets in the query set. Retrieving Remaining Tweets Earlier in this post, I defined a term that I called a query set. Essentially, this is a group of requests to Twitter that you perform to get all new tweets. A single query might not be enough to get all new tweets, so you’ll have to start at the top of the list that Twitter returns and keep making requests until you have all new tweets. The previous section showed the first query of the query set. The code below is a loop that completes the query set: do { // now add sinceID and maxID userStatusResponse = (from tweet in twitterCtx.Status where tweet.Type == StatusType.User && tweet.ScreenName == "JoeMayo" && tweet.Count == Count && tweet.SinceID == sinceID && tweet.MaxID == maxID select tweet) .ToList(); if (userStatusResponse.Count > 0) { // first tweet processed on current query maxID = userStatusResponse.Min( status => ulong.Parse(status.StatusID)) - 1; statusList.AddRange(userStatusResponse); } } while (userStatusResponse.Count != 0 && statusList.Count < 30); Here we have another query, but this time it includes the MaxID property. The SinceID property prevents reading tweets that we’ve already read and Count specifies the largest number of tweets to return. Earlier, I mentioned how it was important to check how many tweets were returned because failing to do so will result in an exception when subsequent code runs on an empty list. The code above protects against this problem by only working with the results if Twitter actually returns tweets. Reasons why there wouldn’t be results include: if the first query got all the new tweets there wouldn’t be more to get and there might not have been any new tweets between the SinceID and MaxID settings of the most recent query. The code for loading the returned tweets into statusList and getting the maxID are the same as previously explained. The important point here is that MaxID is being reset, not SinceID. As explained in the Twitter documentation, paging occurs from the newest tweets to oldest, so setting MaxID lets us move from the most recent tweets down to the oldest as specified by SinceID. The two loop conditions cause the loop to continue as long as tweets are being read or a max number of tweets have been read.  Logically, you want to stop reading when you’ve read all the tweets and that’s indicated by the fact that the most recent query did not return results. I put the check to stop after 30 tweets are reached to keep the demo from running too long – in the console the response scrolls past available buffer and I wanted you to be able to see the complete output. Yet, there’s another point to be made about constraining the number of items you return at one time. The Twitter API has rate limits and making too many queries per minute will result in an error from twitter that LINQ to Twitter raises as an exception. To use the API properly, you’ll have to ensure you don’t exceed this threshold. Looking at the statusList.Count as done above is rather primitive, but you can implement your own logic to properly manage your rate limit. Yeah, I cheated again. Summary Now you know how to use LINQ to Twitter to work with Twitter timelines. After reading this post, you have a better idea of the role of SinceID - the oldest tweet already received. You also know that MaxID is the largest tweet ID to retrieve in a query. Together, these settings allow you to page through results via one or more queries. You also understand what factors affect the number of tweets returned and considerations for potential error handling logic. The full example of the code for this post is included in the downloadable source code for LINQ to Twitter.   @JoeMayo

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• Save password in WCF adapter binding file

  - by Edmund Zhao

  Binding file for WCF Adapter doesn't save the password no matter it is generated by "Add Generated Items..." wizard in Visual Studio or "Export Bindings..." in administration console. It is by design dut to the consideration of security, but it is very annoying especially when you import bindings which contain multiple WCF send ports. The way to aviod retyping password everytime after an import is to edit the binding file before import. Here is what needs to be done. 1. Find the following string:     &lt;Password vt="1" /&gt; "&lt;" means "<", "&gt;" means ">", "vt" means "Variable Type", variable type 1 is "NULL", so the above string can be translated to "<Password/>" 2. Replace it with:     &lt;Password vt="8"&gt;MyPassword&lt;/Password&gt;    variable type 8 is "string", the above string can be transalted to "<Password>MyPassword</Password>"   Binding file uses a lot of character entity references for XML character encoding purpose. For a list of the special charactor entiy references, you can check from here. ...Edmund Zhao

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• What follows after lexical analysis?

  - by madflame991

  I'm working on a toy compiler (for some simple language like PL/0) and I have my lexer up and running. At this point I should start working on building the parse tree, but before I start I was wondering: How much information can one gather from just the string of tokens? Here's what I gathered so far: One can already do syntax highlighting having only the list of tokens. Numbers and operators get coloured accordingly and keywords also. Autoformatting (indenting) should also be possible. How? Specify for each token type how many white spaces or new line characters should follow it. Also when you print tokens modify an alignment variable (when the code printer reads "{" increment the alignment variable by 1, and decrement by 1 for "}". Whenever it starts printing on a new line the code printer will align according to this alignment variable) In languages without nested subroutines one can get a complete list of subroutines and their signature. How? Just read what follows after the "procedure" or "function" keyword until you hit the first ")" (this should work fine in a Pascal language with no nested subroutines) In languages like Pascal you can even determine local variables and their types, as they are declared in a special place (ok, you can't handle initialization as well, but you can parse sequences like: "var a, b, c: integer") Detection of recursive functions may also be possible, or even a graph representation of which subroutine calls who. If one can identify the body of a function then one can also search if there are any mentions of other function's names. Gathering statistics about the code, like number of lines, instructions, subroutines EDIT: I clarified why I think some processes are possible. As I read comments and responses I realise that the answer depends very much on the language that I'm parsing.

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• The best way to have a pointer to several methods - critique requested

  - by user827992

  I'm starting with a short introduction of what i know from the C language: a pointer is a type that stores an adress or a NULL the * operator reads the left value of the variable on its right and use this value as address and reads the value of the variable at that address the & operator generate a pointer to the variable on its right so i was thinking that in C++ the pointers can work this way too, but i was wrong, to generate a pointer to a static method i have to do this: #include <iostream> class Foo{ public: static void dummy(void){ std::cout << "I'm dummy" << std::endl; }; }; int main(){ void (*p)(); p = Foo::dummy; // step 1 p(); p = &(Foo::dummy); // step 2 p(); p = Foo; // step 3 p->dummy(); return(0); } now i have several questions: why step 1 works why step 2 works too, looks like a "pointer to pointer" for p to me, very different from step 1 why step 3 is the only one that doesn't work and is the only one that makes some sort of sense to me, honestly how can i write an array of pointers or a pointer to pointers structure to store methods ( static or non-static from real objects ) what is the best syntax and coding style for generating a pointer to a method?

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