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• Why would this Lua optimization hack help?

  - by Ian Boyd

  i'm looking over a document that describes various techniques to improve performance of Lua script code, and i'm shocked that such tricks would be required. (Although i'm quoting Lua, i've seen similar hacks in Javascript). Why would this optimization be required: For instance, the code for i = 1, 1000000 do local x = math.sin(i) end runs 30% slower than this one: local sin = math.sin for i = 1, 1000000 do local x = sin(i) end They're re-declaring sin function locally. Why would this be helpful? It's the job of the compiler to do that anyway. Why is the programmer having to do the compiler's job? i've seen similar things in Javascript; and so obviously there must be a very good reason why the interpreting compiler isn't doing its job. What is it? i see it repeatedly in the Lua environment i'm fiddling in; people redeclaring variables as local: local strfind = strfind local strlen = strlen local gsub = gsub local pairs = pairs local ipairs = ipairs local type = type local tinsert = tinsert local tremove = tremove local unpack = unpack local max = max local min = min local floor = floor local ceil = ceil local loadstring = loadstring local tostring = tostring local setmetatable = setmetatable local getmetatable = getmetatable local format = format local sin = math.sin What is going on here that people have to do the work of the compiler? Is the compiler confused by how to find format? Why is this an issue that a programmer has to deal with? Why would this not have been taken care of in 1993? i also seem to have hit a logical paradox: Optimizatin should not be done without profiling Lua has no ability to be profiled Lua should not be optimized

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• help me improve my sse yuv to rgb ssse3 code

  - by David McPaul

  Hello, I am looking to optimise some sse code I wrote for converting yuv to rgb (both planar and packed yuv functions). i am using SSSE3 at the moment but if there are useful functions from later sse versions thats ok. I am mainly interested in how I would work out processor stalls and the like. Anyone know of any tools that do static analysis of sse code? ; ; Copyright (C) 2009-2010 David McPaul ; ; All rights reserved. Distributed under the terms of the MIT License. ; ; A rather unoptimised set of ssse3 yuv to rgb converters ; does 8 pixels per loop ; inputer: ; reads 128 bits of yuv 8 bit data and puts ; the y values converted to 16 bit in xmm0 ; the u values converted to 16 bit and duplicated into xmm1 ; the v values converted to 16 bit and duplicated into xmm2 ; conversion: ; does the yuv to rgb conversion using 16 bit integer and the ; results are placed into the following registers as 8 bit clamped values ; r values in xmm3 ; g values in xmm4 ; b values in xmm5 ; outputer: ; writes out the rgba pixels as 8 bit values with 0 for alpha ; xmm6 used for scratch ; xmm7 used for scratch %macro cglobal 1 global _%1 %define %1 _%1 align 16 %1: %endmacro ; conversion code %macro yuv2rgbsse2 0 ; u = u - 128 ; v = v - 128 ; r = y + v + v >> 2 + v >> 3 + v >> 5 ; g = y - (u >> 2 + u >> 4 + u >> 5) - (v >> 1 + v >> 3 + v >> 4 + v >> 5) ; b = y + u + u >> 1 + u >> 2 + u >> 6 ; subtract 16 from y movdqa xmm7, [Const16] ; loads a constant using data cache (slower on first fetch but then cached) psubsw xmm0,xmm7 ; y = y - 16 ; subtract 128 from u and v movdqa xmm7, [Const128] ; loads a constant using data cache (slower on first fetch but then cached) psubsw xmm1,xmm7 ; u = u - 128 psubsw xmm2,xmm7 ; v = v - 128 ; load r,b with y movdqa xmm3,xmm0 ; r = y pshufd xmm5,xmm0, 0xE4 ; b = y ; r = y + v + v >> 2 + v >> 3 + v >> 5 paddsw xmm3, xmm2 ; add v to r movdqa xmm7, xmm1 ; move u to scratch pshufd xmm6, xmm2, 0xE4 ; move v to scratch psraw xmm6,2 ; divide v by 4 paddsw xmm3, xmm6 ; and add to r psraw xmm6,1 ; divide v by 2 paddsw xmm3, xmm6 ; and add to r psraw xmm6,2 ; divide v by 4 paddsw xmm3, xmm6 ; and add to r ; b = y + u + u >> 1 + u >> 2 + u >> 6 paddsw xmm5, xmm1 ; add u to b psraw xmm7,1 ; divide u by 2 paddsw xmm5, xmm7 ; and add to b psraw xmm7,1 ; divide u by 2 paddsw xmm5, xmm7 ; and add to b psraw xmm7,4 ; divide u by 32 paddsw xmm5, xmm7 ; and add to b ; g = y - u >> 2 - u >> 4 - u >> 5 - v >> 1 - v >> 3 - v >> 4 - v >> 5 movdqa xmm7,xmm2 ; move v to scratch pshufd xmm6,xmm1, 0xE4 ; move u to scratch movdqa xmm4,xmm0 ; g = y psraw xmm6,2 ; divide u by 4 psubsw xmm4,xmm6 ; subtract from g psraw xmm6,2 ; divide u by 4 psubsw xmm4,xmm6 ; subtract from g psraw xmm6,1 ; divide u by 2 psubsw xmm4,xmm6 ; subtract from g psraw xmm7,1 ; divide v by 2 psubsw xmm4,xmm7 ; subtract from g psraw xmm7,2 ; divide v by 4 psubsw xmm4,xmm7 ; subtract from g psraw xmm7,1 ; divide v by 2 psubsw xmm4,xmm7 ; subtract from g psraw xmm7,1 ; divide v by 2 psubsw xmm4,xmm7 ; subtract from g %endmacro ; outputer %macro rgba32sse2output 0 ; clamp values pxor xmm7,xmm7 packuswb xmm3,xmm7 ; clamp to 0,255 and pack R to 8 bit per pixel packuswb xmm4,xmm7 ; clamp to 0,255 and pack G to 8 bit per pixel packuswb xmm5,xmm7 ; clamp to 0,255 and pack B to 8 bit per pixel ; convert to bgra32 packed punpcklbw xmm5,xmm4 ; bgbgbgbgbgbgbgbg movdqa xmm0, xmm5 ; save bg values punpcklbw xmm3,xmm7 ; r0r0r0r0r0r0r0r0 punpcklwd xmm5,xmm3 ; lower half bgr0bgr0bgr0bgr0 punpckhwd xmm0,xmm3 ; upper half bgr0bgr0bgr0bgr0 ; write to output ptr movntdq [edi], xmm5 ; output first 4 pixels bypassing cache movntdq [edi+16], xmm0 ; output second 4 pixels bypassing cache %endmacro SECTION .data align=16 Const16 dw 16 dw 16 dw 16 dw 16 dw 16 dw 16 dw 16 dw 16 Const128 dw 128 dw 128 dw 128 dw 128 dw 128 dw 128 dw 128 dw 128 UMask db 0x01 db 0x80 db 0x01 db 0x80 db 0x05 db 0x80 db 0x05 db 0x80 db 0x09 db 0x80 db 0x09 db 0x80 db 0x0d db 0x80 db 0x0d db 0x80 VMask db 0x03 db 0x80 db 0x03 db 0x80 db 0x07 db 0x80 db 0x07 db 0x80 db 0x0b db 0x80 db 0x0b db 0x80 db 0x0f db 0x80 db 0x0f db 0x80 YMask db 0x00 db 0x80 db 0x02 db 0x80 db 0x04 db 0x80 db 0x06 db 0x80 db 0x08 db 0x80 db 0x0a db 0x80 db 0x0c db 0x80 db 0x0e db 0x80 ; void Convert_YUV422_RGBA32_SSSE3(void *fromPtr, void *toPtr, int width) width equ ebp+16 toPtr equ ebp+12 fromPtr equ ebp+8 ; void Convert_YUV420P_RGBA32_SSSE3(void *fromYPtr, void *fromUPtr, void *fromVPtr, void *toPtr, int width) width1 equ ebp+24 toPtr1 equ ebp+20 fromVPtr equ ebp+16 fromUPtr equ ebp+12 fromYPtr equ ebp+8 SECTION .text align=16 cglobal Convert_YUV422_RGBA32_SSSE3 ; reserve variables push ebp mov ebp, esp push edi push esi push ecx mov esi, [fromPtr] mov edi, [toPtr] mov ecx, [width] ; loop width / 8 times shr ecx,3 test ecx,ecx jng ENDLOOP REPEATLOOP: ; loop over width / 8 ; YUV422 packed inputer movdqa xmm0, [esi] ; should have yuyv yuyv yuyv yuyv pshufd xmm1, xmm0, 0xE4 ; copy to xmm1 movdqa xmm2, xmm0 ; copy to xmm2 ; extract both y giving y0y0 pshufb xmm0, [YMask] ; extract u and duplicate so each u in yuyv becomes u0u0 pshufb xmm1, [UMask] ; extract v and duplicate so each v in yuyv becomes v0v0 pshufb xmm2, [VMask] yuv2rgbsse2 rgba32sse2output ; endloop add edi,32 add esi,16 sub ecx, 1 ; apparently sub is better than dec jnz REPEATLOOP ENDLOOP: ; Cleanup pop ecx pop esi pop edi mov esp, ebp pop ebp ret cglobal Convert_YUV420P_RGBA32_SSSE3 ; reserve variables push ebp mov ebp, esp push edi push esi push ecx push eax push ebx mov esi, [fromYPtr] mov eax, [fromUPtr] mov ebx, [fromVPtr] mov edi, [toPtr1] mov ecx, [width1] ; loop width / 8 times shr ecx,3 test ecx,ecx jng ENDLOOP1 REPEATLOOP1: ; loop over width / 8 ; YUV420 Planar inputer movq xmm0, [esi] ; fetch 8 y values (8 bit) yyyyyyyy00000000 movd xmm1, [eax] ; fetch 4 u values (8 bit) uuuu000000000000 movd xmm2, [ebx] ; fetch 4 v values (8 bit) vvvv000000000000 ; extract y pxor xmm7,xmm7 ; 00000000000000000000000000000000 punpcklbw xmm0,xmm7 ; interleave xmm7 into xmm0 y0y0y0y0y0y0y0y0 ; extract u and duplicate so each becomes 0u0u punpcklbw xmm1,xmm7 ; interleave xmm7 into xmm1 u0u0u0u000000000 punpcklwd xmm1,xmm7 ; interleave again u000u000u000u000 pshuflw xmm1,xmm1, 0xA0 ; copy u values pshufhw xmm1,xmm1, 0xA0 ; to get u0u0 ; extract v punpcklbw xmm2,xmm7 ; interleave xmm7 into xmm1 v0v0v0v000000000 punpcklwd xmm2,xmm7 ; interleave again v000v000v000v000 pshuflw xmm2,xmm2, 0xA0 ; copy v values pshufhw xmm2,xmm2, 0xA0 ; to get v0v0 yuv2rgbsse2 rgba32sse2output ; endloop add edi,32 add esi,8 add eax,4 add ebx,4 sub ecx, 1 ; apparently sub is better than dec jnz REPEATLOOP1 ENDLOOP1: ; Cleanup pop ebx pop eax pop ecx pop esi pop edi mov esp, ebp pop ebp ret SECTION .note.GNU-stack noalloc noexec nowrite progbits

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• Counting entries in a list of dictionaries: for loop vs. list comprehension with map(itemgetter)

  - by Dennis Williamson

  In a Python program I'm writing I've compared using a for loop and increment variables versus list comprehension with map(itemgetter) and len() when counting entries in dictionaries which are in a list. It takes the same time using a each method. Am I doing something wrong or is there a better approach? Here is a greatly simplified and shortened data structure: list = [ {'key1': True, 'dontcare': False, 'ignoreme': False, 'key2': True, 'filenotfound': 'biscuits and gravy'}, {'key1': False, 'dontcare': False, 'ignoreme': False, 'key2': True, 'filenotfound': 'peaches and cream'}, {'key1': True, 'dontcare': False, 'ignoreme': False, 'key2': False, 'filenotfound': 'Abbott and Costello'}, {'key1': False, 'dontcare': False, 'ignoreme': True, 'key2': False, 'filenotfound': 'over and under'}, {'key1': True, 'dontcare': True, 'ignoreme': False, 'key2': True, 'filenotfound': 'Scotch and... well... neat, thanks'} ] Here is the for loop version: #!/usr/bin/env python # Python 2.6 # count the entries where key1 is True # keep a separate count for the subset that also have key2 True key1 = key2 = 0 for dictionary in list: if dictionary["key1"]: key1 += 1 if dictionary["key2"]: key2 += 1 print "Counts: key1: " + str(key1) + ", subset key2: " + str(key2) Output for the data above: Counts: key1: 3, subset key2: 2 Here is the other, perhaps more Pythonic, version: #!/usr/bin/env python # Python 2.6 # count the entries where key1 is True # keep a separate count for the subset that also have key2 True from operator import itemgetter KEY1 = 0 KEY2 = 1 getentries = itemgetter("key1", "key2") entries = map(getentries, list) key1 = len([x for x in entries if x[KEY1]]) key2 = len([x for x in entries if x[KEY1] and x[KEY2]]) print "Counts: key1: " + str(key1) + ", subset key2: " + str(key2) Output for the data above (same as before): Counts: key1: 3, subset key2: 2 I'm a tiny bit surprised these take the same amount of time. I wonder if there's something faster. I'm sure I'm overlooking something simple. One alternative I've considered is loading the data into a database and doing SQL queries, but the data doesn't need to persist and I'd have to profile the overhead of the data transfer, etc., and a database may not always be available. I have no control over the original form of the data. The code above is not going for style points.

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• zend session exception on zend_session::start with forms

  - by Grant Collins

  Hi I'm having issues with trying to use Zend_Form_SubForm and sessions. My controller is in essance acting a wizard showing different subforms depending on the stage of the wizard. Using the example I am planning on storing the forms in a session namespace. My controller looks like this. include 'mylib/Form/addTaskWizardForm.php'; class AddtaskController extends Zend_Controller_Action{ private $config = null; private $log = null; private $subFormSession = null; /** * This function is called and initialises the global variables to this object * which is the configuration details and the logger to write to the log file. */ public function init(){ $this->config = Zend_Registry::getInstance()->get('config'); $this->log = Zend_Registry::getInstance()->get('log'); //set layout $this->_helper->layout->setLayout('no-sidemenus'); //we need to get the subforms and $wizardForms = new addTaskWizardForm(); $this->subFormSession = new Zend_Session_Namespace('addTaskWizardForms'); if(!isset($this->subFormSession->subforms)){ $this->subFormSession->subforms = $wizardForms; } } /** * The Landing page controller for the site. */ public function indexAction(){ $form = $this->subFormSession->subforms->getSubForm('start'); $this->view->form = $form; } However this is causing the application session to crash out with Uncaught exception 'Zend_Session_Exception' with message 'Zend_Session::start() Any idea why this is having issues with the Zend Session?? thanks.

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• How to use setTimeout / .delay() to wait for typing between characters

  - by Darcy

  Hi all, I am creating a simple listbox filter that takes the user input and returns the matching results in a listbox via javascript/jquery (roughly 5000+ items in listbox). Here is the code snippet: var Listbox1 = $('#Listbox1'); var commands = document.getElementById('DatabaseCommandsHidden'); //using js for speed $('#CommandsFilter').bind('keyup', function() { Listbox1.children().remove(); for (var i = 0; i < commands.options.length; i++) { if (commands.options[i].text.toLowerCase().match($(this).val().toLowerCase())) { Listbox1.append($('<option></option>').val(i).html(commands.options[i].text)); } } }); This works pretty well, but slows down somewhat when the 1st/2nd char's are being typed since there are so many items. I thought a solution I could use would be to add a delay to the textbox that prevents the 'keyup' event from being called until the user stops typing. The problem is, I'm not sure how to do that, or if its even a good idea or not. Any suggestions/help is greatly appreciated.

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• 'Fixed' for loop - what is more efficient?

  - by pimvdb

  I'm creating a tic-tac-toe game, and one of the functions has to iterate through each of the 9 fields (tic-tac-toe is played on a 3x3 grid). I was wondering what is more efficient (which one is perhaps faster, or what is the preferred way of scripting in such situation) - using two for nested loops like this: for(var i=0; i<3; i++) { for(var j=0; j<3; j++) { checkField(i, j); } } or hard-coding it like this: checkField(0, 0); checkField(0, 1); checkField(0, 2); checkField(1, 0); checkField(1, 1); checkField(1, 2); checkField(2, 0); checkField(2, 1); checkField(2, 2); As there are only 9 combinations, it would be perhaps overkill to use two nested for loops, but then again this is clearer to read. The for loop, however, will increment variables and check whether i and j are smaller than 3 every time as well. In this example, the time saving at least might be negligible, but what is the preferred way of coding in this case? Thanks.

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• Finding Local IP via Socket Creation / getsockname

  - by BSchlinker

  I need to get the IP address of a system within C++. I followed the logic and advice of another comment on here and created a socket and then utilized getsockname to determine the IP address which the socket is bound to. However, this doesn't appear to work (code below). I'm receiving an invalid IP address (58.etc) when I should be receiving a 128.etc Any ideas? string Routes::systemIP(){ // basic setup int sockfd; char str[INET_ADDRSTRLEN]; sockaddr* sa; socklen_t* sl; struct addrinfo hints, *servinfo, *p; int rv; memset(&hints, 0, sizeof hints); hints.ai_family = AF_UNSPEC; hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_DGRAM; if ((rv = getaddrinfo("4.2.2.1", "80", &hints, &servinfo)) != 0) { fprintf(stderr, "getaddrinfo: %s\n", gai_strerror(rv)); return "1"; } // loop through all the results and make a socket for(p = servinfo; p != NULL; p = p->ai_next) { if ((sockfd = socket(p->ai_family, p->ai_socktype, p->ai_protocol)) == -1) { perror("talker: socket"); continue; } break; } if (p == NULL) { fprintf(stderr, "talker: failed to bind socket\n"); return "2"; } // get information on the local IP from the socket we created getsockname(sockfd, sa, sl); // convert the sockaddr to a sockaddr_in via casting struct sockaddr_in *sa_ipv4 = (struct sockaddr_in *)sa; // get the IP from the sockaddr_in and print it inet_ntop(AF_INET, &(sa_ipv4->sin_addr.s_addr), str, INET_ADDRSTRLEN); printf("%s\n", str); // return the IP return str; }

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• How does Backbone.js connect View to Model

  - by William Sham

  I am trying to learn backbone.js through the following example. Then I got stuck at the point ItemView = Backbone.View.extend why you can use this.model.get? I thought this is referring to the instance of ItemView that would be created. Then why would ItemView has a model property at all?!! (function($){ var Item = Backbone.Model.extend({ defaults: { part1: 'hello', part2: 'world' } }); var List = Backbone.Collection.extend({ model: Item }); var ItemView = Backbone.View.extend({ tagName: 'li', initialize: function(){ _.bindAll(this, 'render'); }, render: function(){ $(this.el).html('<span>'+this.model.get('part1')+' '+this.model.get('part2')+'</span>'); return this; } }); var ListView = Backbone.View.extend({ el: $('body'), events: { 'click button#add': 'addItem' }, initialize: function(){ _.bindAll(this, 'render', 'addItem', 'appendItem'); this.collection = new List(); this.collection.bind('add', this.appendItem); this.counter = 0; this.render(); }, render: function(){ $(this.el).append("<button id='add'>Add list item</button>"); $(this.el).append("<ul></ul>"); _(this.collection.models).each(function(item){ appendItem(item); }, this); }, addItem: function(){ this.counter++; var item = new Item(); item.set({ part2: item.get('part2') + this.counter }); this.collection.add(item); }, appendItem: function(item){ var itemView = new ItemView({ model: item }); $('ul', this.el).append(itemView.render().el); } }); var listView = new ListView(); })(jQuery);

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• C# Minimize all running windows when application runs

  - by Derek

  I am working on a C# windows form application. How can i edit my code in a way that when more than 2 faces is being detected by my webcam. More information: When "FaceDetectedLabel.Text = "Faces Detected : " + cam.facesdetected.ToString();" becomes Face Detected: 2 or more... How can i do the following: Minimize all program running except my application. Log out of my computer Here is my code: namespace PBD { public partial class MainPage : Form { //declaring global variables private Capture capture; //takes images from camera as image frames public MainPage() { InitializeComponent(); } private void ProcessFrame(object sender, EventArgs arg) { Wrapper cam = new Wrapper(); //show the image in the EmguCV ImageBox WebcamPictureBox.Image = cam.start_cam(capture).Resize(390, 243, Emgu.CV.CvEnum.INTER.CV_INTER_CUBIC).ToBitmap(); FaceDetectedLabel.Text = "Faces Detected : " + cam.facesdetected.ToString(); } private void MainPage_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) { #region if capture is not created, create it now if (capture == null) { try { capture = new Capture(); } catch (NullReferenceException excpt) { MessageBox.Show(excpt.Message); } } #endregion Application.Idle += ProcessFrame; }

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• how to use a parameterized function for the Default Binding of a Sql Server column

  - by Walt Gaber

  I have a table that catalogs selected files from multiple sources. I want to record whether a file is a duplicate of a previously cataloged file at the time the new file is cataloged. I have a column in my table (“primary_duplicate”) to record each entry as ‘P’ (primary) or ‘D’ (duplicate). I would like to provide a Default Binding for this column that would check for other occurrences of this file (i.e. name, length, timestamp) at the time the new file is being recorded. I have created a function that performs this check (see “GetPrimaryDuplicate” below). But I don’t know how to bind this function which requires three parameters to the table’s “primary_duplicate” column as its Default Binding. I would like to avoid using a trigger. I currently have a stored procedure used to insert new records that performs this check. But I would like to ensure that the flag is set correctly if an insert is performed outside of this stored procedure. How can I call this function with values from the row that is being inserted? USE [MyDatabase] GO SET ANSI_NULLS ON GO SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON GO CREATE TABLE [dbo].[FileCatalog]( [id] [uniqueidentifier] NOT NULL, [catalog_timestamp] [datetime] NOT NULL, [primary_duplicate] nchar NOT NULL, [name] nvarchar NULL, [length] [bigint] NULL, [timestamp] [datetime] NULL ) ON [PRIMARY] GO ALTER TABLE [dbo].[FileCatalog] ADD CONSTRAINT [DF_FileCatalog_id] DEFAULT (newid()) FOR [id] GO ALTER TABLE [dbo].[FileCatalog] ADD CONSTRAINT [DF_FileCatalog_catalog_timestamp] DEFAULT (getdate()) FOR [catalog_timestamp] GO ALTER TABLE [dbo].[FileCatalog] ADD CONSTRAINT [DF_FileCatalog_primary_duplicate] DEFAULT (N'GetPrimaryDuplicate(name, length, timestamp)') FOR [primary_duplicate] GO USE [MyDatabase] GO SET ANSI_NULLS ON GO SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON GO CREATE FUNCTION [dbo].[GetPrimaryDuplicate] ( @name nvarchar(255), @length bigint, @timestamp datetime ) RETURNS nchar(1) AS BEGIN DECLARE @c int SELECT @c = COUNT(*) FROM FileCatalog WHERE name=@name and length=@length and timestamp=@timestamp and primary_duplicate = 'P' IF @c > 0 RETURN 'D' -- Duplicate RETURN 'P' -- Primary END GO

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• Ninject: Shared DI/IoC container

  - by joblot

  Hi I want to share the container across various layers in my application. I started creating a static class which initialises the container and register types in the container. public class GeneralDIModule : NinjectModule { public override void Load() { Bind().To().InSingletonScope(); } } public abstract class IoC { private static IKernel _container; public static void Initialize() { _container = new StandardKernel(new GeneralDIModule(), new ViewModelDIModule()); } public static T Get<T>() { return _container.Get<T>(); } } I noticed there is a Resolve method as well. What is the difference between Resolve and Get? In my unit tests I don’t always want every registered type in my container. Is there a way of initializing an empty container and then register types I need. I’ll be mocking types as well in unit test so I’ll have to register them as well. There is an Inject method, but it says lifecycle of instance is not managed? Could someone please set me in right way? How can I register, unregister objects and reset the container. Thanks

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• floating point equality in Python and in general

  - by eric.frederich

  I have a piece of code that behaves differently depending on whether I go through a dictionary to get conversion factors or whether I use them directly. The following piece of code will print 1.0 == 1.0 -> False But if you replace factors[units_from] with 10.0 and factors[units_to ] with 1.0 / 2.54 it will print 1.0 == 1.0 -> True #!/usr/bin/env python base = 'cm' factors = { 'cm' : 1.0, 'mm' : 10.0, 'm' : 0.01, 'km' : 1.0e-5, 'in' : 1.0 / 2.54, 'ft' : 1.0 / 2.54 / 12.0, 'yd' : 1.0 / 2.54 / 12.0 / 3.0, 'mile' : 1.0 / 2.54 / 12.0 / 5280, 'lightyear' : 1.0 / 2.54 / 12.0 / 5280 / 5.87849981e12, } # convert 25.4 mm to inches val = 25.4 units_from = 'mm' units_to = 'in' base_value = val / factors[units_from] ret = base_value * factors[units_to ] print ret, '==', 1.0, '->', ret == 1.0 Let me first say that I am pretty sure what is going on here. I have seen it before in C, just never in Python but since Python in implemented in C we're seeing it. I know that floating point numbers will change values going from a CPU register to cache and back. I know that comparing what should be two equal variables will return false if one of them was paged out while the other stayed resident in a register. Questions What is the best way to avoid problems like this?... In Python or in general. Am I doing something completely wrong? Side Note This is obviously part of a stripped down example but what I'm trying to do is come with with classes of length, volume, etc that can compare against other objects of the same class but with different units. Rhetorical Questions If this is a potentially dangerous problem since it makes programs behave in an undetermanistic matter, should compilers warn or error when they detect that you're checking equality of floats Should compilers support an option to replace all float equality checks with a 'close enough' function? Do compilers already do this and I just can't find the information.

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• HTML Submit button vs AJAX based Post (ASP.NET MVC)

  - by Graham

  I'm after some design advice. I'm working on an application with a fellow developer. I'm from the Webforms world and he's done a lot with jQuery and AJAX stuff. We're collaborating on a new ASP.MVC 1.0 app. He's done some pretty amazing stuff that I'm just getting my head around, and used some 3rd party tools etc. for datagrids etc. but... He rarely uses Submit buttons whereas I use them most of the time. He uses a button but then attaches Javascript to it that calls an MVC action which returns a JSON object. He then parses the object to update the datagrid. I'm not sure how he deals with server-side validation - I think he adds a message property to the JSON object. A sample scenario would be to "Save" a new record that then gets added to the gridview. The user doesn't see a postback as such, so he uses jQuery to disable the UI whilst the controller action is running. TBH, it looks pretty cool. However, the way I'd do it would be to use a Submit button to postback, let the ModelBinder populate a typed model class, parse that in my controller Action method, update the model (and apply any validation against the model), update it with the new record, then send it back to be rendered by the View. Unlike him, I don't return a JSON object, I let the View (and datagrid) bind to the new model data. Both solutions "work" but we're obviously taking the application down different paths so one of us has to re-work our code... and we don't mind whose has to be done. What I'd prefer though is that we adopt the "industry-standard" way of doing this. I'm unsure as to whether my WebForms background is influencing the fact that his way just "doesn't feel right", in that a "submit" is meant to submit data to the server. Any advice at all please - many thanks.

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• log4net - why would the same MyLog.Debug line not work at one point of startup, but work at another

  - by Greg

  Hi, During startup of my WinForms application I'm noting that there are a couple of points (before the MainForm renders) that do a "MyDataSet.GetInstance()". For the first one the MyLog.Debug line comes through in the VS2008 output window, but for a later one it does work and come through. What could explain this? What settings could I check at debug time to see why an output line for a MyLog.Debug line doesn't come out in the output window? namespace IntranetSync { public class MyDataSet { private static readonly ILog MyLog = LogManager.GetLogger(typeof(MyDataSet)); public static MyDataSet GetInstance() { MyLog.Debug("MyDataSet GetInstance() ====================================="); if (myDataSet == null) { myDataSet = new MyDataSet(); } return myDataSet; } . . . PS. What I have been doing re log4net repository initialization is putting the following line as a private variables in the classes I use logging - is this OK? static class Program { private static readonly ILog MyLog = LogManager.GetLogger(typeof(MainForm)); . . . public class Coordinator { private static readonly ILog MyLog = LogManager.GetLogger(typeof(MainForm)); . . . public class MyDataSet { private static readonly ILog MyLog = LogManager.GetLogger(typeof(MyDataSet)); . . .

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• python gui events out of order

  - by dave

  from Tkinter import * from tkMessageBox import * class Gui: def __init__(self, root): self.container = Frame(root) self.container.grid() self.inputText = Text(self.container, width=50, height=8) self.outputText = Text(self.container, width=50, height=8, bg='#E0E0E0', state=DISABLED) self.inputText.grid(row=0, column=0) self.outputText.grid(row=0, column=1) self.inputText.bind("<Key>", self.translate) def translate(self, event): input = self.inputText.get(0.0, END) output = self.outputText.get(0.0, END) self.outputText.config(state=NORMAL) self.outputText.delete(0.0, END) self.outputText.insert(INSERT, input) self.outputText.config(state=DISABLED) showinfo(message="Input: %s characters\nOutput: %s characters" % (len(input), len(input))) root = Tk() #toplevel object app = Gui(root) #call to the class where gui is defined root.mainloop() #enter event loop Working on a gui in tkinter I'm a little confused as to the sequence the event handlers are run. If you run the above code you'll hopefully see... 1) Editing the text widget triggers the event handler but it seems to fire it off without registering the actual change, 2) Even when the text widget is cleared (ie, keep pressing BackSpace) it still seems to have a one character length string, 3) The output widget only receives its update when the NEXT event trigger is fired despite the fact the data came on the previous event. Is this just how bindings work in tkinter or am i missing something here? The behaviour i would like when updating the input widget is: 1) Show the change, 2) Enter event handler, 3) Update output widget, 4) Show message box.

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• Possible to capture all events in a web browser?

  - by David

  I am working on a pet project and am at the research stage. Quick summary I am trying to intercept all form submits, onclick, and every single keydown. My library of choice is either jquery, or jquery + prototypejs. I figure I can batch up the events into a queue/stack and send it back to the server in time interval batches to keep performance relatively stable. Concerns Form submits and change's would be relatively simple.. Something like $("form :inputs").bind("change", function() { ... record event... }); But how to ensure I get precedence over the applications handlers as I have a habit of putting return false on a lot of my form handlers when there is a validation issue. As I understand it, that effectively stops the event in its tracks. My project For my smaller remote clients I will put their products onto a VPS or run it in my home data center. Currently I use a basic authentication system, given a username/password they see the website and then hopefully send me somewhat sane notes on what is broken or should be tweaked. As a better solution, I've written a simple proxy web server that does the above but allows me to have one DNS entry and then depending on credentials it makes an internal request relaying headers and re-writing URLS as needed. Every single html/text or application/* request is compressed and shoved into a sqlite table so I can partially replay what they've done. Now I am shifting to the frontend and would like to capture clicks, keydown's, and submits on everything on the page.

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• PHP + MYSQLI: Variable parameter/result binding with prepared statements.

  - by Brian Warshaw

  In a project that I'm about to wrap up, I've written and implemented an object-relational mapping solution for PHP. Before the doubters and dreamers cry out "how on earth?", relax -- I haven't found a way to make late static binding work -- I'm just working around it in the best way that I possibly can. Anyway, I'm not currently using prepared statements for querying, because I couldn't come up with a way to pass a variable number of arguments to the bind_params() or bind_result() methods. Why do I need to support a variable number of arguments, you ask? Because the superclass of my models (think of my solution as a hacked-up PHP ActiveRecord wannabe) is where the querying is defined, and so the find() method, for example, doesn't know how many parameters it would need to bind. Now, I've already thought of building an argument list and passing a string to eval(), but I don't like that solution very much -- I'd rather just implement my own security checks and pass on statements. Does anyone have any suggestions (or success stories) about how to get this done? If you can help me solve this first problem, perhaps we can tackle binding the result set (something I suspect will be more difficult, or at least more resource-intensive if it involves an initial query to determine table structure).

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• How is a functional programming-based javascript app laid out?

  - by user321521

  I've been working with node.js for awhile on a chat app (I know, very original, but I figured it'd be a good learning project). Underscore.js provides a lot of functional programming concepts which look interesting, so I'd like to understand how a functional program in javascript would be setup. From my understanding of functional programming (which may be wrong), the whole idea is to avoid side effects, which are basically having a function which updates another variable outside of the function so something like var external; function foo() { external = 'bar'; } foo(); would be creating a side effect, correct? So as a general rule, you want to avoid disturbing variables in the global scope. Ok, so how does that work when you're dealing with objects and what not? For example, a lot of times, I'll have a constructor and an init method that initializes the object, like so: var Foo = function(initVars) { this.init(initVars); } Foo.prototype.init = function(initVars) { this.bar1 = initVars['bar1']; this.bar2 = initVars['bar2']; //.... } var myFoo = new Foo({'bar1': '1', 'bar2': '2'}); So my init method is intentionally causing side effects, but what would be a functional way to handle the same sort of situation? Also, if anyone could point me to either a python or javascript source code of a program that tries to be as functional as possible, that would also be much appreciated. I feel like I'm close to "getting it", but I'm just not quite there. Mainly I'm interested in how functional programming works with traditional OOP classes concept (or does away with it for something different if that's the case).

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• C++ converting back and forth from derived and base classes

  - by user127817

  I was wondering if there is a way in C++ to accomplish the following: I have a base class called ResultBase and two class that are Derived from it, Variable and Expression. I have a few methods that do work on vector<ResultBase> . I want to be able to pass in vectors of Variable and Expression into these methods. I can achieve this by creating a vector<ResultBase> and using static_cast to fill it with the members from my vector of Variable/Expression. However, once the vector has run through the methods, I want to be able to get it back as the vector of Result/Expression. I'll know for sure which one I want back. static_cast won't work here as there isn't a method to reconstruct a Variable/Expression from a ResultBase, and more importantly I wouldn't have the original properties of the Variables/Expressions The methods modify some of the properties of the ResultBase and I need those changes to be reflected in the original vectors. (i.e. ResultBase has a property called IsLive, and one of the methods will modify this property. I want this IsLive value to be reflected in the derived class used to create the ResultBase Whats the easiest way to accomplish this?

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• Problems with CGPoint/touches event

  - by Jason

  I'm having some problems with storing variables from my touch events. The warning I get when I run this is that coord and icoord are unused, but I used them in the viewDidLoad implementation, is there a reason why this does not work? Any suggestions? #import "iGameViewController.h" @implementation iGameViewController @synthesize player; -(void)touchesBegan:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event { UITouch *touch = [[event allTouches] anyObject]; CGPoint icoord = [touch locationInView:touch.view]; } -(void)touchesMoved:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event { UITouch *touch = [[event allTouches] anyObject]; CGPoint coord = [touch locationInView:touch.view]; } - (void)viewDidLoad { if (coord.x > icoord.x) { player.center = CGPointMake(player.center.x + 5, player.center.y); } if (coord.x < icoord.x) { player.center = CGPointMake(player.center.x - 5, player.center.y); } if (coord.y > icoord.y) { player.center = CGPointMake(player.center.x, player.center.y - 5); } if (coord.y < icoord.y) { player.center = CGPointMake(player.center.x, player.center.y + 5); } } Thanks.

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• Asp MVC - "The Id field is required" validation message on Create; Id not set to [Required]

  - by burnt_hand

  This is happening when I try to create the entity using a Create style action in Asp.Net MVC 2. The POCO has the following properties: public int Id {get;set;} [Required] public string Message {get; set} On the creation of the entity, the Id is set automatically, so there is no need for it on the Create action. The ModelState says that "The Id field is required", but I haven't set that to be so. Is there something automatic going on here? EDIT - Reason Revealed The reason for the issue is answered by Brad Wilson via Paul Speranza in one of the comments below where he says (cheers Paul): You're providing a value for ID, you just didn't know you were. It's in the route data of the default route ("{controller}/{action}/{id}"), and its default value is the empty string, which isn't valid for an int. Use the [Bind] attribute on your action parameter to exclude ID. My default route was: new { controller = "Customer", action = "Edit", id = " " } // Parameter defaults EDIT - Update Model technique I actually changed the way I did this again by using TryUpdateModel and the exclude parameter array asscoiated with that. [HttpPost] public ActionResult Add(Venue collection) { Venue venue = new Venue(); if (TryUpdateModel(venue, null, null, new[] { "Id" })) { _service.Add(venue); return RedirectToAction("Index", "Manage"); } return View(collection); }

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• sizer.replace() paints "over" old sizercontent

  - by elbenfreund

  hi. I am rather new to wx/python so please excuse if this is stupid or ill described. I am substituting a nested sizer with a new one as shown in the snippet below. after some tinkering everything seems to work out but the re-drawing of the parent-sizer. the content of the old nested sizer remains and gets "painted" over with the new sizer content despite my sizer.Layout() system setup: - python 2.5.5.2 and 2.6.4 - wxpython 2.8 -- coding: utf8 -- import wx class Frame(wx.Frame): def init(self): wx.Frame.init(self, None, wx.ID_ANY, title='test') class Test(wx.App): def OnInit(self): frame = Frame() self.panel = wx.Panel(frame) self.panel.SetBackgroundColour('red') self.sizer = wx.BoxSizer(wx.VERTICAL) button = wx.Button(self.panel, wx.ID_ANY, 'TEST') self.hsizer = wx.BoxSizer(wx.HORIZONTAL) self.hsizer.Add(wx.StaticText(self.panel, wx.ID_ANY, 'nacknack')) self.sizer.Add(button) self.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.on_test_button, button) self.text = wx.StaticText(self.panel, wx.ID_ANY, 'FOOO') self.sizer.Add(self.text) self.sizer.Add(self.hsizer) self.panel.SetSizer(self.sizer) frame.Show() return True def on_test_button(self, evt): tmpsizer = wx.BoxSizer(wx.VERTICAL) tmpsizer.Add(self.makesizer()) tmpitem = tmpsizer.GetChildren()[0] self.sizer.Replace(2, tmpitem) self.sizer.Layout() def makesizer(self): testsizer = wx.BoxSizer(wx.HORIZONTAL) testsizer.Add(wx.StaticText(self.panel, wx.ID_ANY, 'testsizer')) return testsizer if __name__ == '__main__': app = Test() app.MainLoop()

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• Quick MVC2 checkbox question

  - by kevinmajor1

  In order to get my EF4 EntityCollection to bind with check box values, I have to manually create the check boxes in a loop like so: <p> <%: Html.Label("Platforms") %><br /> <% for(var i = 0; i < Model.AllPlatforms.Count; ++i) { %> <%: Model.AllPlatforms[i].Platform.Name %> <input type="checkbox" name="PlatformIDs" value="<%: Model.AllPlatforms[i].Platform.PlatformID %>" /><br /> <% } %> </p> It works, but it doesn't automatically populate the group of check boxes with existing values when I'm editing a model entity. Can I fudge it with something like? <p> <%: Html.Label("Platforms") %><br /> <% for(var i = 0; i < Model.AllPlatforms.Count; ++i) { %> <%: Model.AllPlatforms[i].Platform.Name %> <input type="checkbox" name="PlatformIDs" value="<%: Model.AllPlatforms[i].Platform.PlatformID %>" checked=<%: Model.GameData.Platforms.Any(p => PlatformID == i) ? "true" : "false" %> /><br /> <% } %> </p> I figure there has to be something along those lines which will work, and am just wondering if I'm on the right track. EDIT: I'm purposely staying away from MVC's check box HTML helper methods as they're too inflexible for my needs. My check boxes use integers as their values by design.

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• JSLINT error: Move all 'var' declarations to the top of the function.

  - by Oleg Yaroshevych

  JSLINT site updated, and I cannot check JS scripts anymore. For me, this warning is not critical, and I don't want to go through thousands of lines to fix this, I want to find more critical problems. Does anybody know how to turn off this error, or use legacy JSLINT? UPDATE Example: function doSomethingWithNodes(nodes){ this.doSomething(); for (var i = 0; i < nodes.length; ++i){ this.doSomethingElse(nodes[i]); } doSomething(); // want to find this problem } jslint.com output: Error: Problem at line 4 character 8: Move all 'var' declarations to the top of the function. for (var i = 0; i < nodes.length; ++i){ Problem at line 4 character 8: Stopping, unable to continue. (44% scanned). Problem: Having variables on top of the functions is new requirement. I cannot use JSLINT to test code, because it stops scanning script on this error. I have a lot of code, and do not want to threat this warning as critical error.

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• Getting around IBActions limited scope

  - by Septih

  Hello, I have an NSCollectionView and the view is an NSBox with a label and an NSButton. I want a double click or a click of the NSButton to tell the controller to perform an action with the represented object of the NSCollectionViewItem. The Item View is has been subclassed, the code is as follows: #import <Cocoa/Cocoa.h> #import "WizardItem.h" @interface WizardItemView : NSBox { id delegate; IBOutlet NSCollectionViewItem * viewItem; WizardItem * wizardItem; } @property(readwrite,retain) WizardItem * wizardItem; @property(readwrite,retain) id delegate; -(IBAction)start:(id)sender; @end #import "WizardItemView.h" @implementation WizardItemView @synthesize wizardItem, delegate; -(void)awakeFromNib { [self bind:@"wizardItem" toObject:viewItem withKeyPath:@"representedObject" options:nil]; } -(void)mouseDown:(NSEvent *)event { [super mouseDown:event]; if([event clickCount] > 1) { [delegate performAction:[wizardItem action]]; } } -(IBAction)start:(id)sender { [delegate performAction:[wizardItem action]]; } @end The problem I've run into is that as an IBAction, the only things in the scope of -start are the things that have been bound in IB, so delegate and viewItem. This means that I cannot get at the represented object to send it to the delegate. Is there a way around this limited scope or a better way or getting hold of the represented object? Thanks.

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