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  • Refactoring code/consolidating functions (e.g. nested for-loop order)

    - by bmay2
    Just a little background: I'm making a program where a user inputs a skeleton text, two numbers (lower and upper limit), and a list of words. The outputs are a series of modifications on the skeleton text. Sample inputs: text = "Player # likes @." (replace # with inputted integers and @ with words in list) lower = 1 upper = 3 list = "apples, bananas, oranges" The user can choose to iterate over numbers first: Player 1 likes apples. Player 2 likes apples. Player 3 likes apples. Or words first: Player 1 likes apples. Player 1 likes bananas. Player 1 likes oranges. I chose to split these two methods of outputs by creating a different type of dictionary based on either number keys (integers inputted by the user) or word keys (from words in the inputted list) and then later iterating over the values in the dictionary. Here are the two types of dictionary creation: def numkey(dict): # {1: ['Player 1 likes apples', 'Player 1 likes...' ] } text, lower, upper, list = input_sort(dict) d = {} for num in range(lower,upper+1): l = [] for i in list: l.append(text.replace('#', str(num)).replace('@', i)) d[num] = l return d def wordkey(dict): # {'apples': ['Player 1 likes apples', 'Player 2 likes apples'..] } text, lower, upper, list = input_sort(dict) d = {} for i in list: l = [] for num in range(lower,upper+1): l.append(text.replace('#', str(num)).replace('@', i)) d[i] = l return d It's fine that I have two separate functions for creating different types of dictionaries but I see a lot of repetition between the two. Is there any way I could make one dictionary function and pass in different values to it that would change the order of the nested for loops to create the specific {key : value} pairs I'm looking for? I'm not sure how this would be done. Is there anything related to functional programming or other paradigms that might help with this? The question is a little abstract and more stylistic/design-oriented than anything.

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  • Infinite loop when adding a row to a list in a class in python3

    - by Margaret
    I have a script which contains two classes. (I'm obviously deleting a lot of stuff that I don't believe is relevant to the error I'm dealing with.) The eventual task is to create a decision tree, as I mentioned in this question. Unfortunately, I'm getting an infinite loop, and I'm having difficulty identifying why. I've identified the line of code that's going haywire, but I would have thought the iterator and the list I'm adding to would be different objects. Is there some side effect of list's .append functionality that I'm not aware of? Or am I making some other blindingly obvious mistake? class Dataset: individuals = [] #Becomes a list of dictionaries, in which each dictionary is a row from the CSV with the headers as keys def field_set(self): #Returns a list of the fields in individuals[] that can be used to split the data (i.e. have more than one value amongst the individuals def classified(self, predicted_value): #Returns True if all the individuals have the same value for predicted_value def fields_exhausted(self, predicted_value): #Returns True if all the individuals are identical except for predicted_value def lowest_entropy_value(self, predicted_value): #Returns the field that will reduce <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entropy_%28information_theory%29">entropy</a> the most def __init__(self, individuals=[]): and class Node: ds = Dataset() #The data that is associated with this Node links = [] #List of Nodes, the offspring Nodes of this node level = 0 #Tree depth of this Node split_value = '' #Field used to split out this Node from the parent node node_value = '' #Value used to split out this Node from the parent Node def split_dataset(self, split_value): fields = [] #List of options for split_value amongst the individuals datasets = {} #Dictionary of Datasets, each one with a value from fields[] as its key for field in self.ds.field_set()[split_value]: #Populates the keys of fields[] fields.append(field) datasets[field] = Dataset() for i in self.ds.individuals: #Adds individuals to the datasets.dataset that matches their result for split_value datasets[i[split_value]].individuals.append(i) #<---Causes an infinite loop on the second hit for field in fields: #Creates subnodes from each of the datasets.Dataset options self.add_subnode(datasets[field],split_value,field) def add_subnode(self, dataset, split_value='', node_value=''): def __init__(self, level, dataset=Dataset()): My initialisation code is currently: if __name__ == '__main__': filename = (sys.argv[1]) #Takes in a CSV file predicted_value = "# class" #Identifies the field from the CSV file that should be predicted base_dataset = parse_csv(filename) #Turns the CSV file into a list of lists parsed_dataset = individual_list(base_dataset) #Turns the list of lists into a list of dictionaries root = Node(0, Dataset(parsed_dataset)) #Creates a root node, passing it the full dataset root.split_dataset(root.ds.lowest_entropy_value(predicted_value)) #Performs the first split, creating multiple subnodes n = root.links[0] n.split_dataset(n.ds.lowest_entropy_value(predicted_value)) #Attempts to split the first subnode.

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  • Numpy Matrix keeps giving me an Error,

    - by uberjumper
    Okay this is werid, i keep getting the error, randomly. ValueError: matrix must be 2-dimensional So i tracked it down, and cornered it to basically something like this: a_list = [[(1,100) for _ in range(32)] for _ in range(32)] numpy.matrix(a_list) Whats wrong with this? If i print a_list it is clearly a 2d matrix of tuples, however numpy does not believe so.

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  • Accessing CSR extension stack in M2Crypto

    - by Charles Duffy
    Howdy! I have a certificate signing request with an extension stack added. When building a certificate based on this request, I would like to be able to access that stack to use in creating the final certificate. However, while M2Crypto.X509.X509 has a number of helpers for accessing extensions (get_ext, get_ext_at and the like), M2Crypto.X509.Request appears to provide only a member for adding extensions, but no way to inspect the extensions already associated with a given object. Am I missing something here?

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  • Reading path in templates

    - by DJPython
    Hello, is it any way to read path to current page? For example, I am at www.example.com/foo/bar/ - and I want to read '/foo/bar/'. But, all have to be done in template file without modyficating views. I have to many view files to edit each one. Sorry for my english, hope everyone understand. Cheers.

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  • build an API service in Django

    - by Peter
    Hi all, I want to build an API service using Django. A basic workflow goes like this: First, an http request goes to http://mycompany.com/create.py?id=001&callback=http://callback.com. It will create a folder on the server with name 001. Second, if the folder does not exist, it will be created. You get response immediately in XML format. It will look like: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <response> <status> <statusCode>0</statusCode> <message>Success</message> </status> <group id="001"/> </response> Finally, the server will do its job (i.e. creating the folder). After it is done, the server does a callback to the URL provided. Currently, I use return render_to_response('create.xml', {'statusCode': statusCode, 'statusMessage': statusMessage, 'groupId': groupId, }, mimetype = 'text/xml') to send the XML response back. I have an XML template which has statusCode, statusMessage, groupId placeholders. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <response> <status> <statusCode>{{ statusCode }}</statusCode> <message>{{ statusMessage }}</message> </status> {% if not statusCode %} <group id="{{ groupId }}"/> {% endif %} </response> But in this way I have to put step 3 before step 2, because otherwise step 3 will not be executed if it is after return statement. Can somebody give me some suggestions how to do this? Thanks.

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  • compare two following values in numpy array

    - by Billy Mitchell
    What is the best way to touch two following values in an numpy array? example: npdata = np.array([13,15,20,25]) for i in range( len(npdata) ): print npdata[i] - npdata[i+1] this looks really messed up and additionally needs exception code for the last iteration of the loop. any ideas? Thanks!

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  • Which is faster??

    - by kaki
    is opening a large file once reading it completely once to list faster (or) opening smaller files whose total sum of size is equal to large file and loading smaller file into list manupalating one by one faster? which is faster?? is the difference is time large enough to impact my program?? total time difference of lesser then of 30 sec is negligible for me

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  • Django choking oddly on some static media

    - by Edan Maor
    My situation: I'm serving static media via Django on my dev machine. On some files that I try and load, I get back this error: Traceback: File "c:\Program Files\Python26\Lib\site-packages\django\core\handlers\base.py" in get_response 92. response = callback(request, *callback_args, **callback_kwargs) File "E:\Stack2Blog\src.hg\stack2blog\..\stack2blog\stack2blogapp\views.py" in userpage 71. so_user = site.user(userid) File "E:\Stack2Blog\src.hg\stack2blog\..\stack2blog\stack2blogapp\stackexchange.py" in user 476. u, = self.users((nid,), **kw) File "E:\Stack2Blog\src.hg\stack2blog\..\stack2blog\stack2blogapp\stackexchange.py" in users 481. return self._get(User, ids, 'users', kw) File "E:\Stack2Blog\src.hg\stack2blog\..\stack2blog\stack2blogapp\stackexchange.py" in _get 471. return self.build(root, typ, coll, kw) File "E:\Stack2Blog\src.hg\stack2blog\..\stack2blog\stack2blogapp\stackexchange.py" in build 448. json = self._request(url, kw) File "E:\Stack2Blog\src.hg\stack2blog\..\stack2blog\stack2blogapp\stackexchange.py" in _request 422. dump = json.load(data) File "c:\Program Files\Python26\lib\json\__init__.py" in load 264. return loads(fp.read(), Exception Type: AttributeError at /userpage/362498 Exception Value: 'str' object has no attribute 'read' I've traced it to specific files which don't work (by going to their specific urls). Here's the odd part: changing the filename of the files makes them suddenly work. For example, I had a file called 'post.jpg', which gave this error. I renamed it to 'pos.jpg' and it worked. Back to 'post.jpg' and it gives the same error.

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  • How to generate lots of redundant ajax elements like checkboxes and pulldowns in Django?

    - by iJames
    Hello folks. I've been getting lots of answers from stackoverflow now that I'm in Django just be searching. Now I hope my question will also create some value for everybody. In choosing Django, I was hoping there was some similar mechanism to the way you can do partials in ROR. This was going to help me in two ways. One was in generating repeating indexed forms or form elements, and also in rendering only a piece of the page on the round trip. I've done a little bit of that by using taconite with a simple URL click but now I'm trying to get more advanced. This will focus on the form issue which boils down to how to iterate over a secondary object. If I have a list of photo instances, each of which has a couple of parameters, let's say a size and a quantity. I want to generate form elements for each photo instance separately. But then I have two lists I want to iterate on at the same time. Context: photos : Photo.objects.all() and forms = {} for photo in photos: forms[photo.id] = PhotoForm() In other words we've got a list of photo objects and a dict of forms based on the photo.id. Here's an abstraction of the template: {% for photo in photos %} {% include "photoview.html" %} {% comment %} So here I want to use the photo.id as an index to get the correct form. So that each photo has its own form. I would want to have a different action and each form field would be unique. Is that possible? How can I iterate on that? Thanks! {% endcomment %} Quantity: {{ oi.quantity }} {{ form.quantity }} Dimensions: {{ oi.size }} {{ form.size }} {% endfor %} What can I do about this simple case. And how can I make it where every control is automatically updating the server instead of using a form at all? Thanks! James

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  • Django - foreignkey problem

    - by realshadow
    Hey, Imagine you have this model: class Category(models.Model): node_id = models.IntegerField(primary_key = True) type_id = models.IntegerField(max_length = 20) parent_id = models.IntegerField(max_length = 20) sort_order = models.IntegerField(max_length = 20) name = models.CharField(max_length = 45) lft = models.IntegerField(max_length = 20) rgt = models.IntegerField(max_length = 20) depth = models.IntegerField(max_length = 20) added_on = models.DateTimeField(auto_now = True) updated_on = models.DateTimeField(auto_now = True) status = models.IntegerField(max_length = 20) node = models.ForeignKey(Category_info, verbose_name = 'Category_info', to_field = 'node_id' The important part is the foreignkey. When I try: Category.objects.filter(type_id = type_g.type_id, parent_id = offset, status = 1) I get an error that get returned more than category, which is fine, because it is supposed to return more than one. But I want to filter the results trough another field, which would be type id (from the second Model) Here it is: class Category_info(models.Model): objtree_label_id = models.AutoField(primary_key = True) node_id = models.IntegerField(unique = True) language_id = models.IntegerField() label = models.CharField(max_length = 255) type_id = models.IntegerField() The type_id can be any number from 1 - 5. I am desparately trying to get only one result where the type_id would be number 1. Here is what I want in sql: SELECT n.*, l.* FROM objtree_nodes n JOIN objtree_labels l ON (n.node_id = l.node_id) WHERE n.type_id = 15 AND n.parent_id = 50 AND l.type_id = 1 Any help is GREATLY appreciated. Regards

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  • Scrape zipcode table for different urls based on county

    - by Dr.Venkman
    I used lxml and ran into a wall as my new computer wont install lxml and the code doesnt work. I know this is simple - maybe some one can help with a beautiful soup script. this is my code: import codecs import lxml as lh from selenium import webdriver import time import re results = [] city = [ 'amador'] state = [ 'CA'] for state in states: for city in citys: browser = webdriver.Firefox() link2 = 'http://www.getzips.com/cgi-bin/ziplook.exe?What=3&County='+ city +'&State=' + state + '&Submit=Look+It+Up' browser.get(link2) bcontent = browser.page_source zipcode = bcontent[bcontent.find('<td width="15%"'):bcontent.find('<p>')+0] if len(zipcode) > 0: print zipcode else: print 'none' browser.quit() Thanks for the help

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  • How to repeatedly show a Dialog with PyGTK / Gtkbuilder?

    - by Julian
    I have created a PyGTK application that shows a Dialog when the user presses a button. The dialog is loaded in my __init__ method with: builder = gtk.Builder() builder.add_from_file("filename") builder.connect_signals(self) self.myDialog = builder.get_object("dialog_name") In the event handler, the dialog is shown with the command self.myDialog.run(), but this only works once, because after run() the dialog is automatically destroyed. If I click the button a second time, the application crashes. I read that there is a way to use show() instead of run() where the dialog is not destroyed, but I feel like this is not the right way for me because I would like the dialog to behave modally and to return control to the code only after the user has closed it. Is there a simple way to repeatedly show a dialog using the run() method using gtkbuilder? I tried reloading the whole dialog using the gtkbuilder, but that did not really seem to work, the dialog was missing all child elements (and I would prefer to have to use the builder only once, at the beginning of the program). [SOLUTION] As pointed out by the answer below, using hide() does the trick. But one has to take care that the dialog is in fact destroyed if one does not catch its "delete-event". A simple example that works is: import pygtk import gtk class DialogTest: def rundialog(self, widget, data=None): self.dia.show_all() result = self.dia.run() def destroy(self, widget, data=None): gtk.main_quit() def closedialog(self, widget, data=None): self.dia.hide() return True def __init__(self): self.window = gtk.Window(gtk.WINDOW_TOPLEVEL) self.window.connect("destroy", self.destroy) self.dia = gtk.Dialog('TEST DIALOG', self.window, gtk.DIALOG_MODAL | gtk.DIALOG_DESTROY_WITH_PARENT) self.dia.vbox.pack_start(gtk.Label('This is just a Test')) self.dia.connect("delete-event", self.closedialog) self.button = gtk.Button("Run Dialog") self.button.connect("clicked", self.rundialog, None) self.window.add(self.button) self.button.show() self.window.show() if __name__ == "__main__": testApp = DialogTest() gtk.main()

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  • methods of metaclasses on class instances.

    - by Stefano Borini
    I was wondering what happens to methods declared on a metaclass. I expected that if you declare a method on a metaclass, it will end up being a classmethod, however, the behavior is different. Example >>> class A(object): ... @classmethod ... def foo(cls): ... print "foo" ... >>> a=A() >>> a.foo() foo >>> A.foo() foo However, if I try to define a metaclass and give it a method foo, it seems to work the same for the class, not for the instance. >>> class Meta(type): ... def foo(self): ... print "foo" ... >>> class A(object): ... __metaclass__=Meta ... def __init__(self): ... print "hello" ... >>> >>> a=A() hello >>> A.foo() foo >>> a.foo() Traceback (most recent call last): File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> AttributeError: 'A' object has no attribute 'foo' What's going on here exactly ? edit: bumping the question

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  • How can I load a sql "dump" file into sql alchemy

    - by JudoWill
    I have a large sql dump file ... with multiple CREATE TABLE and INSERT INTO statements. Is there any way to load these all into a SQLAlchemy sqlite database at once. I plan to use the introspected ORM from sqlsoup after I've created the tables. However, when I use the engine.execute() method it complains: sqlite3.Warning: You can only execute one statement at a time. Is there a way to work around this issue. Perhaps splitting the file with a regexp or some kind of parser, but I don't know enough SQL to get all of the cases for the regexp. Any help would be greatly appreciated. Will EDIT: Since this seems important ... The dump file was created with a MySQL database and so it has quite a few commands/syntax that sqlite3 does not understand correctly.

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  • Assigning a material in Blender with a script

    - by Narcolapser
    Question: How do you assign a material with a script to an object in blender? Info: I have this script to import a proprietary model type of mine that is basically a star map with object consisting of a single vertex. in order to make them look like stars and be visible they are all going to have a halo material assigned to them. I'm figuring out how to make this material and give it the values just fine, but I can't seem to get it to assign. I tried the most obvious thing which was: objectName.setMaterial(materialName) but that did nothing. and when i would take an object that had a material and call the getMaterial function on it, it would return nothing. there is something I'm missing here, can some one shed some light on it? Thanks. ~TA

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  • Regex and unicode

    - by dbr
    I have a script that parses the filenames of TV episodes (show.name.s01e02.avi for example), grabs the episode name (from the www.thetvdb.com API) and automatically renames them into something nicer (Show Name - [01x02].avi) The script works fine, that is until you try and use it on files that have Unicode show-names (something I never really thought about, since all the files I have are English, so mostly pretty-much all fall within [a-zA-Z0-9'\-]) How can I allow the regular expressions to match accented characters and the likes? Currently the regex's config section looks like.. config['valid_filename_chars'] = """0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ!@£$%^&*()_+=-[]{}"'.,<>`~? """ config['valid_filename_chars_regex'] = re.escape(config['valid_filename_chars']) config['name_parse'] = [ # foo_[s01]_[e01] re.compile('''^([%s]+?)[ \._\-]\[[Ss]([0-9]+?)\]_\[[Ee]([0-9]+?)\]?[^\\/]*$'''% (config['valid_filename_chars_regex'])), # foo.1x09* re.compile('''^([%s]+?)[ \._\-]\[?([0-9]+)x([0-9]+)[^\\/]*$''' % (config['valid_filename_chars_regex'])), # foo.s01.e01, foo.s01_e01 re.compile('''^([%s]+?)[ \._\-][Ss]([0-9]+)[\.\- ]?[Ee]([0-9]+)[^\\/]*$''' % (config['valid_filename_chars_regex'])), # foo.103* re.compile('''^([%s]+)[ \._\-]([0-9]{1})([0-9]{2})[\._ -][^\\/]*$''' % (config['valid_filename_chars_regex'])), # foo.0103* re.compile('''^([%s]+)[ \._\-]([0-9]{2})([0-9]{2,3})[\._ -][^\\/]*$''' % (config['valid_filename_chars_regex'])), ]

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  • Django: Is there any way to have "unique for date range"?

    - by tomwolber
    If my model for Items is: class Item(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length=500) startDate = models.DateField("Start Date", unique="true") endDate = models.DateField("End Date") Each Item needs to have a unique date range. for example, if i create an Item that has a date range of June 1st to June 8th, how can I keep and Item with a date range of June 3rd to June 5th from being created (or render an error with template logic)?

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  • Inlines in Django Admin

    - by Oli
    I have two models, Order and UserProfile. Each Order has a ForeignKey to UserProfile, to associate it with that user. On the django admin page for each Order, I'd like to display the UserProfile associated with it, for easy processing of information. I have tried inlines: class UserInline(admin.TabularInline): model = UserProfile class ValuationRequestAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): list_display = ('address1', 'address2', 'town', 'date_added') list_filter = ('town', 'date_added') ordering = ('-date_updated',) inlines = [ UserInline, ] But it complains that UserProfile "has no ForeignKey to" Order - which it doesn't, it's the other way around. Is there a way to do what I want?

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  • pyInotify performance

    - by tranimatronic
    I have a very large directory tree I am wanting pyInotify to watch. Is it better to have pyInotify watch the entire tree or is it better to have a number of watches reporting changes to specific files ? Thanks

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  • verbose_name for a model's method

    - by mawimawi
    How can I set a verbose_name for a model's method, so that it might be displayed in the admin's change_view form? example: class Article(models.Model): title = models.CharField(max_length=64) created_date = models.DateTimeField(....) def created_weekday(self): return self.created_date.strftime("%A") in admin.py: class ArticleAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): readonly_fields = ('created_weekday',) fields = ('title', 'created_weekday') Now the label for created_weekday is "Created Weekday", but I'd like it to have a different label which should be i18nable using ugettext_lazy as well. I've tried created_weekday.verbose_name=... after the method, but that did not show any result. Is there a decorator or something I can use, so I could make my own "verbose_name" / "label" / whateverthename is?

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