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  • Why doesn't this list comprehension do what I expect it to do?

    - by Az
    The original list project_keys = sorted(projects.keys()) is [101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110] where the following projects were deemed invalid this year: 108, 109, 110. Thus: for project in projects.itervalues(): # The projects dictionary is mapped to the Project class if project.invalid: # Where invalid is a Bool parameter in the Project class project_keys.remove(project.proj_id) print project_keys This will return a list of integers (which are project id's) as such: [101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107] Sweet. Now, I wanted it try the same thing using a list comprehension. project_keys = [project_keys.remove(project.proj_id) for project in projects.itervalues() if project.invalid print project_keys This returns: [None, None, None] So I'm populating a list with the same number as the removed elements but they're Nones? Can someone point out what I'm doing wrong? Additionally, why would I use a list comprehension over the for-if block at the top? Conciseness? Looks nicer?

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  • Django adminsite customize search_fields query

    - by dArignac
    Howdy! In the django admin you can set the search_fields for the ModelAdmin to be able to search over the properties given there. My model class has a property that is not a real model property, means it is not within the database table. The property relates to another database table that is not tied to the current model through relations. But I want to be able to search over it, so I have to somehow customize the query the admin site creates to do the filtering when the search field was filled - is this possible and if, how? I can query the database table of my custom property and it then returns the ids of the model classes fitting the search. This then, as I said, has to flow into the admin site search query. Thanks!

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  • How to retrieve view of MultiIndex DataFrame

    - by Henry S. Harrison
    This question was inspired by this question. I had the same problem, updating a MultiIndex DataFrame by selection. The drop_level=False solution in Pandas 0.13 will allow me to achieve the same result, but I am still wondering why I cannot get a view from the MultiIndex DataFrame. In other words, why does this not work?: >>> sat = d.xs('sat', level='day', copy=False) Traceback (most recent call last): File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\pandas\core\frame.py", line 2248, in xs raise ValueError('Cannot retrieve view (copy=False)') ValueError: Cannot retrieve view (copy=False) Of course it could be only because it is not implemented, but is there a reason? Is it somehow ambiguous or impossible to implement? Returning a view is more intuitive to me than returning a copy then later updating the original. I looked through the source and it seems this situation is checked explicitly to raise an error. Alternatively, is it possible to get the same sort of view from any of the other indexing methods? I've experimented but have not been successful. [edit] Some potential implementations are discussed here. I guess with the last question above I'm wondering what the current best solution is to index into arbitrary multiindex slices and cross-sections.

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  • Validation on ManyToManyField before Save in Models.py

    - by Heyl1
    I have the following models: class Application(models.Model): users = models.ManyToManyField(User, through='Permission') folder = models.ForeignKey(Folder) class Folder(models.Model): company = models.ManyToManyField(Compnay) class UserProfile(models.Model): user = models.OneToOneField(User, related_name='profile') company = models.ManyToManyField(Company) What I would like to do is to check whether one of the users of the Application has the same company as the Application (via Folder). If this is the case the Application instance should not be saved. The problem is that the ManyToManyFields aren't updated until after the 'post-save' signal. The only option seems to be the new m2m_changed signal. But I'm not sure how I then roll back the save that has already happened. Another option would be to rewrite the save function (in models.py, because I'm talking about the admin here), but I'm not sure how I could access the manytomanyfield content. Finally I've read something about rewriting the save function in the admin of the model in admin.py, however I still wouldn't know how you would access the manytomanyfield content. I have been searching for this everywhere but nothing I come across seems to work for me. If anything is unclear, please tell me. Thanks for your help! Heleen

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  • Can pydoc/help hide the documentation for inherited class methods and attributes?

    - by EOL
    When declaring a class that inherits from a specific class: class C(dict): added_attribute = 0 the documentation for C lists all the methods of dict (either through help(C) or pydoc). Is there a way to hide the inherited methods from the automatically generated documentation (the documentation string can refer to the base class, for non-overwritten methods)? This would be useful: pydoc lists the functions defined in a module after its classes. Thus, when the classes have a very long documentation, a lot of less than useful information is printed before the new functions provided by the module are presented, which makes the documentation harder to exploit (you have to skip all the documentation for the inherited methods until you reach something specific to the module being documented).

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  • How to save and load an array of complex numbers using numpy.savetxt?

    - by ptomato
    I want to use numpy.savetxt() to save an array of complex numbers to a text file. Problems: If you save the complex array with the default format string, the imaginary part is discarded. If you use fmt='%s', then numpy.loadtxt() can't load it unless you specify dtype=complex, converters={0: lambda s: complex(s)}. Even then, if there are NaN's in the array, loading still fails. It looks like someone has inquired about this multiple times on the Numpy mailing list and even filed a bug, but has not gotten a response. Before I put something together myself, is there a canonical way to do this?

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  • How To Run Postgres locally

    - by Rohit Rayudu
    I read the Postgres docs for Flask and they said that to run Postgres you should have the following code app = Flask(__name__) app.config['SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI'] = postgresql://localhost/[YOUR_DB_NAME]' db = SQLAlchemy(app) How do I know my database name? I wrote db as the name - but I got an error sqlalchemy.exc.OperationalError: (OperationalError) FATAL: database "[db]" does not exist Running Heroku with Flask if that helps

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  • Django: Update order attribute for objects in a queryset

    - by lazerscience
    I'm having a attribute on my model to allow the user to order the objects. I have to update the element's order depending on a list, that contains the object's ids in the new order; right now I'm iterating over the whole queryset and set one objects after the other. What would be the easiest/fastest way to do the same with the whole queryset? def update_ordering(model, order): """ order is in the form [id,id,id,id] for example: [8,4,5,1,3] """ id_to_order = dict((order[i], i) for i in range(len(order))) for x in model.objects.all(): x.order = id_to_order[x.id] x.save()

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  • Histogram in Matplotlib with input file

    - by Arkapravo
    I wish to make a Histogram in Matplotlib from an input file containing the raw data (.txt). I am facing issues in referring to the input file. I guess it should be a rather small program. Any Matplotlib gurus, any help ? I am not asking for the code, some inputs should put me on the right way !

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  • Efficient way to store tuples in the datastore

    - by Drew Sears
    If I have a pair of floats, is it any more efficient (computationally or storage-wise) to store them as a GeoPtProperty than it would be pickle the tuple and store it as a BlobProperty? If GeoPt is doing something more clever to keep multiple values in a single property, can it be leveraged for arbitrary data? Can I store the tuple ("Johnny", 5) in a single entity property in a similarly efficient manner?

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  • add a decorate function to a class

    - by wiso
    I have a decorated function (simplified version): class Memoize: def __init__(self, function): self.function = function self.memoized = {} def __call__(self, *args, **kwds): hash = args try: return self.memoized[hash] except KeyError: self.memoized[hash] = self.function(*args) return self.memoized[hash] @Memoize def _DrawPlot(self, options): do something... now I want to add this method to a pre-esisting class. ROOT.TChain.DrawPlot = _DrawPlot when I call this method: chain = TChain() chain.DrawPlot(opts) I got: self.memoized[hash] = self.function(*args) TypeError: _DrawPlot() takes exactly 2 arguments (1 given) why doesn't it propagate self?

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  • BeautifulSoup: just get inside of a tag, no matter how many enclosing tags there are

    - by AP257
    I'm trying to scrape all the inner html from the <p> elements in a web page using BeautifulSoup. There are internal tags, but I don't care, I just want to get the internal text. For example, for: <p>Red</p> <p><i>Blue</i></p> <p>Yellow</p> <p>Light <b>green</b></p> How can I extract: Red Blue Yellow Light green Neither .string nor .contents[0] does what I need. Nor does .extract(), because I don't want to have to specify the internal tags in advance - I want to deal with any that may occur. Is there a 'just get the visible HTML' type of method in BeautifulSoup? ----UPDATE------ On advice, trying: p_tags = page.findAll('p',text=True) for i, p_tag in enumerate(p_tags): print str(p_tag) But that doesn't help - it just prints out: Red <i>Blue</i> Yellow Light <b>green</b>

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  • Sort a list of dicts by dict values

    - by ensnare
    I have a list of dictionaries: [{'title':'New York Times', 'title_url':'New_York_Times','id':4}, {'title':'USA Today','title_url':'USA_Today','id':6}, {'title':'Apple News','title_url':'Apple_News','id':2}] I'd like to sort it by the title, so elements with A go before Z: [{'title':'Apple News','title_url':'Apple_News','id':2}, {'title':'New York Times', 'title_url':'New_York_Times','id':4}, {'title':'USA Today','title_url':'USA_Today','id':6}] What's the best way to do this? Also, is there a way to ensure the order of each dictionary key stays constant, e.g., always title, title_url, then id? Thank you.

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  • Trying and expand the contrib.auth.user model and add a "relatipnships" manage

    - by dotty
    I have the following model setup. from django.db import models from django.contrib.auth.models import User class SomeManager(models.Manager): def friends(self): # return friends bla bla bla class Relationship(models.Model): """(Relationship description)""" from_user = models.ForeignKey(User, related_name='from_user') to_user = models.ForeignKey(User, related_name='to_user') has_requested_friendship = models.BooleanField(default=True) is_friend = models.BooleanField(default=False) objects = SomeManager() relationships = models.ManyToManyField(User, through=Relationship, symmetrical=False) relationships.contribute_to_class(User, 'relationships') Here i take the User object and use contribute_to_class to add 'relationships' to the User object. The relationship show up, but if call User.relationships.friends it should run the friends() method, but its failing. Any ideas how i would do this? Thanks

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  • Django url tag multiple parameters

    - by Overdose
    I have two similar codes. The first one works as expected. urlpatterns = patterns('', (r'^(?P<n1>\d)/test/', test), (r'', test2), {% url testapp.views.test n1=5 %} But adding the second parameter makes the result return empty string. urlpatterns = patterns('', (r'^(?P<n1>\d)/test(?P<n2>\d)/', test), (r'', test2),) {% url testapp.views.test n1=5, n2=2 %} Views signature: def test(request, n1, n2=1):

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  • Pass errors in Django using HttpResponseRedirect

    - by JPC
    I know that HttpResponseRedirect only takes one parameter, a URL. But there are cases when I want to redirect with an error message to display. I was reading this post: How to pass information using an http redirect (in Django) and there were a lot of good suggestions. I don't really want to use a library that I don't know how works. I don't want to rely on messages which, according to the Django docs, is going to be removed. I thought about using sessions. I also like the idea of passing it in a URL, something like: return HttpResponseRedirect('/someurl/?error=1') and then having some map from error code to message. Is it good practice to have a global map-like structure which hard codes in these error messages or is there a better way? Or should I just use a session EDIT: I got it working using a session. Is that a good practice to put things like this in the session?

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  • The truth value of an array with more than one element is ambigous when trying to index an array

    - by user1440194
    I am trying to put all elements of rbs into a new array if the elements in var(another numpy array) is =0 and <=.1 . However when I try the following code I get this error: ValueError: The truth value of an array with more than one element is ambiguous. Use a.any() or a.all() rbs = [ish[4] for ish in realbooks] for book in realbooks: var -= float(str(book[0]).replace(":", "")) bidsred = rbs[(var <= .1) and (var >=0)] any ideas on what I'm doing wrong?

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  • Django finding which field matched in a multiple OR query

    - by Greg Hinch
    I've got a couple models which are set up something like this: class Bar(models.Model): baz = models.CharField() class Foo(models.Model): bar1 = models.ForeignKey(Bar) bar2 = models.ForeignKey(Bar) bar3 = models.ForeignKey(Bar) And elsewhere in the code, I end up with an instance of Bar, and need to find the Foo it is attached to in some capacity. Right now I came up with doing a multiple OR query using Q, something like this: foo_inst = Foo.objects.get(Q(bar1=bar_inst) | Q(bar2=bar_inst) | Q(bar3=bar_inst)) What I need to figure out is, which of the 3 cases actually hit, at least the name of the member (bar1, bar2, or bar3). Is there a good way to do this? Is there a better way to structure the query to glean that information?

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  • How to print an Objectified Element?

    - by BeeBand
    I have xml of the format: <channel> <games> <game slot='1'> <id>Bric A Bloc</id> <title-text>BricABloc Hoorah</title-text> <link>Fruit Splat</link> </game> </games> </channel> I've parsed this xml using lxml.objectify, via: tree = objectify.parse(file) There will potentially be a number of <game>s underneath <games>. I understand that I can generate a list of <game> objects via: [ tree.games[0].game[0:4] ] My question is, what class are those objects and is there a function to print any object of whatever class these objects belong to?

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  • Can anyone tell me why these lines are not working?

    - by user343934
    I am trying to generate tree with fasta file input and Alignment with MuscleCommandline import sys,os, subprocess from Bio import AlignIO from Bio.Align.Applications import MuscleCommandline cline = MuscleCommandline(input="c:\Python26\opuntia.fasta") child= subprocess.Popen(str(cline), stdout = subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE, shell=(sys.platform!="win32")) align=AlignIO.read(child.stdout,"fasta") outfile=open('c:\Python26\opuntia.phy','w') AlignIO.write([align],outfile,'phylip') outfile.close() I always encounter with these problems Traceback (most recent call last): File "", line 244, in run_nodebug File "C:\Python26\muscleIO.py", line 11, in align=AlignIO.read(child.stdout,"fasta") File "C:\Python26\Lib\site-packages\Bio\AlignIO_init_.py", line 423, in read raise ValueError("No records found in handle") ValueError: No records found in handle

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