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  • Any reliable polygon normal calculation code?

    - by Jenko
    Do you have any reliable face normal calculation code? I'm using this but it fails when faces are 90 degrees upright or similar. // the normal point var x:Number = 0; var y:Number = 0; var z:Number = 0; // if is a triangle with 3 points if (points.length == 3) { // read vertices of triangle var Ax:Number, Bx:Number, Cx:Number; var Ay:Number, By:Number, Cy:Number; var Az:Number, Bz:Number, Cz:Number; Ax = points[0].x; Bx = points[1].x; Cx = points[2].x; Ay = points[0].y; By = points[1].y; Cy = points[2].y; Az = points[0].z; Bz = points[1].z; Cz = points[2].z; // calculate normal of a triangle x = (By - Ay) * (Cz - Az) - (Bz - Az) * (Cy - Ay); y = (Bz - Az) * (Cx - Ax) - (Bx - Ax) * (Cz - Az); z = (Bx - Ax) * (Cy - Ay) - (By - Ay) * (Cx - Ax); // if is a polygon with 4+ points }else if (points.length > 3){ // calculate normal of a polygon using all points var n:int = points.length; x = 0; y = 0; z = 0 // ensure all points above 0 var minx:Number = 0, miny:Number = 0, minz:Number = 0; for (var p:int = 0, pl:int = points.length; p < pl; p++) { var po:_Point3D = points[p] = points[p].clone(); if (po.x < minx) { minx = po.x; } if (po.y < miny) { miny = po.y; } if (po.z < minz) { minz = po.z; } } if (minx > 0 || miny > 0 || minz > 0){ for (p = 0; p < pl; p++) { po = points[p]; po.x -= minx; po.y -= miny; po.z -= minz; } } var cur:int = 1, prev:int = 0, next:int = 2; for (var i:int = 1; i <= n; i++) { // using Newell method x += points[cur].y * (points[next].z - points[prev].z); y += points[cur].z * (points[next].x - points[prev].x); z += points[cur].x * (points[next].y - points[prev].y); cur = (cur+1) % n; next = (next+1) % n; prev = (prev+1) % n; } } // length of the normal var length:Number = Math.sqrt(x * x + y * y + z * z); // if area is 0 if (length == 0) { return null; }else{ // turn large values into a unit vector x = x / length; y = y / length; z = z / length; }

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  • ScreenManagement better practices ?! Textbox not focusing

    - by xykudyax
    I saw a question here using DataTemplates with WPF for ScreenManagement, I was curious and I gave it a try I think the ideia is amazing and very clean. Though I'm new to WPF and I read a lot of times that almost everything should be made in XAML and very little should be "coded behind". My questions resolves about using the datatemplate ideia, WHERE should the code that calls the transitions be? where should I define which commands are avaiable in which screens. For example: [ScreenA] Commands: Pressing B - Goes to state B Pressing ESC - Exits [ScreenB] Commands: Pressing A - Goes to state A Pressing SPACE - Exits where do I define the keyEventHandlers? and where do I call the next screen? I'm doing this as an hobby for learning and "if you are learning, better learn it right" :) Thank you for your time. Yes the Q/A I was talking is: What's a good way to handle game screen management in WPF? What I've done so far was to create a Screen class (derived from UserControl) and create some virtual methods: - one for Initializing stuff (like focus a given component by default) - another for inputHandling I handle it by using a switch case and by listening to the PreviewKeyDown event from the parent container (MainWindow) Im not able to do it another way! Help?!. - and a finally one that removes the keyEvent method (when the screen is terminated) Parent.PreviewKeyDown -= OnKeyDown; am I doing okay? I face a problem. When I add a new screen (userControl) containing a TextBox I'm not able to give it autofocus :/ The Caret is there but is not blinking and I have to hit "TAB" before being able to input anything at all :/

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  • how to use serial port in UDK using windows DLL and DLLBind directive?

    - by Shayan Abbas
    I want to use serial port in UDK, For that purpose i use a windows DLL and DLLBind directive. I have a thread in windows DLL for serial port data recieve event. My problem is: this thread doesn't work properly. Please Help me. below is my code SerialPortDLL Code: // SerialPortDLL.cpp : Defines the exported functions for the DLL application. // #include "stdafx.h" #include "Cport.h" extern "C" { // This is an example of an exported variable //SERIALPORTDLL_API int nSerialPortDLL=0; // This is an example of an exported function. //SERIALPORTDLL_API int fnSerialPortDLL(void) //{ // return 42; //} CPort *sp; __declspec(dllexport) void Open(wchar_t* portName) { sp = new CPort(portName); //MessageBox(0,L"ha ha!!!",L"ha ha",0); //MessageBox(0,portName,L"ha ha",0); } __declspec(dllexport) void Close() { sp->Close(); MessageBox(0,L"ha ha!!!",L"ha ha",0); } __declspec(dllexport) wchar_t *GetData() { return sp->GetData(); } __declspec(dllexport) unsigned int GetDSR() { return sp->getDSR(); } __declspec(dllexport) unsigned int GetCTS() { return sp->getCTS(); } __declspec(dllexport) unsigned int GetRing() { return sp->getRing(); } } CPort class code: #include "stdafx.h" #include "CPort.h" #include "Serial.h" CSerial serial; HANDLE HandleOfThread; LONG lLastError = ERROR_SUCCESS; bool fContinue = true; HANDLE hevtOverlapped; HANDLE hevtStop; OVERLAPPED ov = {0}; //char szBuffer[101] = ""; wchar_t *szBuffer = L""; wchar_t *data = L""; DWORD WINAPI ThreadHandler( LPVOID lpParam ) { // Keep reading data, until an EOF (CTRL-Z) has been received do { MessageBox(0,L"ga ga!!!",L"ga ga",0); //Sleep(10); // Wait for an event lLastError = serial.WaitEvent(&ov); if (lLastError != ERROR_SUCCESS) { //LOG( " Unable to wait for a COM-port event" ); } // Setup array of handles in which we are interested HANDLE ahWait[2]; ahWait[0] = hevtOverlapped; ahWait[1] = hevtStop; // Wait until something happens switch (::WaitForMultipleObjects(sizeof(ahWait)/sizeof(*ahWait),ahWait,FALSE,INFINITE)) { case WAIT_OBJECT_0: { // Save event const CSerial::EEvent eEvent = serial.GetEventType(); // Handle break event if (eEvent & CSerial::EEventBreak) { //LOG( " ### BREAK received ###" ); } // Handle CTS event if (eEvent & CSerial::EEventCTS) { //LOG( " ### Clear to send %s ###", serial.GetCTS() ? "on":"off" ); } // Handle DSR event if (eEvent & CSerial::EEventDSR) { //LOG( " ### Data set ready %s ###", serial.GetDSR() ? "on":"off" ); } // Handle error event if (eEvent & CSerial::EEventError) { switch (serial.GetError()) { case CSerial::EErrorBreak: /*LOG( " Break condition" );*/ break; case CSerial::EErrorFrame: /*LOG( " Framing error" );*/ break; case CSerial::EErrorIOE: /*LOG( " IO device error" );*/ break; case CSerial::EErrorMode: /*LOG( " Unsupported mode" );*/ break; case CSerial::EErrorOverrun: /*LOG( " Buffer overrun" );*/ break; case CSerial::EErrorRxOver: /*LOG( " Input buffer overflow" );*/ break; case CSerial::EErrorParity: /*LOG( " Input parity error" );*/ break; case CSerial::EErrorTxFull: /*LOG( " Output buffer full" );*/ break; default: /*LOG( " Unknown" );*/ break; } } // Handle ring event if (eEvent & CSerial::EEventRing) { //LOG( " ### RING ###" ); } // Handle RLSD/CD event if (eEvent & CSerial::EEventRLSD) { //LOG( " ### RLSD/CD %s ###", serial.GetRLSD() ? "on" : "off" ); } // Handle data receive event if (eEvent & CSerial::EEventRecv) { // Read data, until there is nothing left DWORD dwBytesRead = 0; do { // Read data from the COM-port lLastError = serial.Read(szBuffer,33,&dwBytesRead); if (lLastError != ERROR_SUCCESS) { //LOG( "Unable to read from COM-port" ); } if( dwBytesRead == 33 && szBuffer[0]=='$' ) { // Finalize the data, so it is a valid string szBuffer[dwBytesRead] = '\0'; ////LOG( "\n%s\n", szBuffer ); data = szBuffer; } } while (dwBytesRead > 0); } } break; case WAIT_OBJECT_0+1: { // Set the continue bit to false, so we'll exit fContinue = false; } break; default: { // Something went wrong //LOG( "Error while calling WaitForMultipleObjects" ); } break; } } while (fContinue); MessageBox(0,L"kka kk!!!",L"kka ga",0); return 0; } CPort::CPort(wchar_t *portName) { // Attempt to open the serial port (COM2) //lLastError = serial.Open(_T(portName),0,0,true); lLastError = serial.Open(portName,0,0,true); if (lLastError != ERROR_SUCCESS) { //LOG( "Unable to open COM-port" ); } // Setup the serial port (115200,8N1, which is the default setting) lLastError = serial.Setup(CSerial::EBaud115200,CSerial::EData8,CSerial::EParNone,CSerial::EStop1); if (lLastError != ERROR_SUCCESS) { //LOG( "Unable to set COM-port setting" ); } // Register only for the receive event lLastError = serial.SetMask(CSerial::EEventBreak | CSerial::EEventCTS | CSerial::EEventDSR | CSerial::EEventError | CSerial::EEventRing | CSerial::EEventRLSD | CSerial::EEventRecv); if (lLastError != ERROR_SUCCESS) { //LOG( "Unable to set COM-port event mask" ); } // Use 'non-blocking' reads, because we don't know how many bytes // will be received. This is normally the most convenient mode // (and also the default mode for reading data). lLastError = serial.SetupReadTimeouts(CSerial::EReadTimeoutNonblocking); if (lLastError != ERROR_SUCCESS) { //LOG( "Unable to set COM-port read timeout" ); } // Create a handle for the overlapped operations hevtOverlapped = ::CreateEvent(0,TRUE,FALSE,0);; if (hevtOverlapped == 0) { //LOG( "Unable to create manual-reset event for overlapped I/O" ); } // Setup the overlapped structure ov.hEvent = hevtOverlapped; // Open the "STOP" handle hevtStop = ::CreateEvent(0,TRUE,FALSE,_T("Overlapped_Stop_Event")); if (hevtStop == 0) { //LOG( "Unable to create manual-reset event for stop event" ); } HandleOfThread = CreateThread( NULL, 0, ThreadHandler, 0, 0, NULL); } CPort::~CPort() { //fContinue = false; //CloseHandle( HandleOfThread ); //serial.Close(); } void CPort::Close() { fContinue = false; CloseHandle( HandleOfThread ); serial.Close(); } wchar_t *CPort::GetData() { return data; } bool CPort::getCTS() { return serial.GetCTS(); } bool CPort::getDSR() { return serial.GetDSR(); } bool CPort::getRing() { return serial.GetRing(); } Unreal Script Code: class MyPlayerController extends GamePlayerController DLLBind(SerialPortDLL); dllimport final function Open(string portName); dllimport final function Close(); dllimport final function string GetData();

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  • Combine Two Shader Program

    - by Siddharth
    For my android application, I want to apply brightness and contrast shader on same image. At present I am using gpuimage plugin. In that I found two separate program for brightness and contrast as per the following. Contrast shader: varying highp vec2 textureCoordinate; uniform sampler2D inputImageTexture; uniform lowp float contrast; void main() { lowp vec4 textureColor = texture2D(inputImageTexture, textureCoordinate); gl_FragColor = vec4(((textureColor.rgb - vec3(0.5)) * contrast + vec3(0.5)), textureColor.w); } Brightness shader: varying highp vec2 textureCoordinate; uniform sampler2D inputImageTexture; uniform lowp float brightness; void main() { lowp vec4 textureColor = texture2D(inputImageTexture, textureCoordinate); gl_FragColor = vec4((textureColor.rgb + vec3(brightness)), textureColor.w); } Now applying both of the effects I write following code varying highp vec2 textureCoordinate; uniform sampler2D inputImageTexture; varying highp vec2 textureCoordinate2; uniform sampler2D inputImageTexture2; uniform lowp float contrast; uniform lowp float brightness; void main() { lowp vec4 textureColorForContrast = texture2D(inputImageTexture, textureCoordinate); lowp vec4 contastVec4 = vec4(((textureColorForContrast.rgb - vec3(0.5)) * contrast + vec3(0.5)), textureColorForContrast.w); lowp vec4 textureColorForBrightness = texture2D(inputImageTexture2, textureCoordinate2); lowp vec4 brightnessVec4 = vec4((textureColorForBrightness.rgb + vec3(brightness)), textureColorForBrightness.w); gl_FragColor = contastVec4 + brightnessVec4; } Doesn't able to get desire result. I can't able to figure out what I have to do next? So please friends help me in this. What program I have to write?

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  • Bohemia Interactive's bio2s format

    - by Jaime Soto
    Does anyone have specifications for the bio2s scripting language from Bohemia Interactive? They develop Operation Flashpoint, Armed Assault (ArmA), and Virtual Battlespace. These scripts are sometimes called O2 or Oxygen scripts and are used in their terrain and modeling tools. Oxygen is Bohemia Interactive's modeling tool. I found additional examples of the format in this VBS2 tutorial and this ArmA forum thread. EDIT: I clarified the purpose of the bio2s format and provided some links to examples.

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  • Time/duration handling in strategic game

    - by borg
    I'm considering developing a space opera game, having already done some game design. Technically, though, I'm coming from a business applications background. Hence I don't really know how I should handle time and duration. Let's state the matter clearly: what if something is bound to happen in 5 hours and on which other events depend. For example the arrival of some space ship in some system where some defense systems are present, hence a fight would start. Should I use some kind of scheduler (like Quartz in my java land) to trigger the corresponding event when due (I plan to use events for communication)? Something else?

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  • Per-vertex position/normal and per-index texture coordinate

    - by Boreal
    In my game, I have a mesh with a vertex buffer and index buffer up and running. The vertex buffer stores a Vector3 for the position and a Vector2 for the UV coordinate for each vertex. The index buffer is a list of ushorts. It works well, but I want to be able to use 3 discrete texture coordinates per triangle. I assume I have to create another vertex buffer, but how do I even use it? Here is my vertex/index buffer creation code: // vertices is a Vertex[] // indices is a ushort[] // VertexDefs stores the vertex size (sizeof(float) * 5) // vertex data numVertices = vertices.Length; DataStream data = new DataStream(VertexDefs.size * numVertices, true, true); data.WriteRange<Vertex>(vertices); data.Position = 0; // vertex buffer parameters BufferDescription vbDesc = new BufferDescription() { BindFlags = BindFlags.VertexBuffer, CpuAccessFlags = CpuAccessFlags.None, OptionFlags = ResourceOptionFlags.None, SizeInBytes = VertexDefs.size * numVertices, StructureByteStride = VertexDefs.size, Usage = ResourceUsage.Default }; // create vertex buffer vertexBuffer = new Buffer(Graphics.device, data, vbDesc); vertexBufferBinding = new VertexBufferBinding(vertexBuffer, VertexDefs.size, 0); data.Dispose(); // index data numIndices = indices.Length; data = new DataStream(sizeof(ushort) * numIndices, true, true); data.WriteRange<ushort>(indices); data.Position = 0; // index buffer parameters BufferDescription ibDesc = new BufferDescription() { BindFlags = BindFlags.IndexBuffer, CpuAccessFlags = CpuAccessFlags.None, OptionFlags = ResourceOptionFlags.None, SizeInBytes = sizeof(ushort) * numIndices, StructureByteStride = sizeof(ushort), Usage = ResourceUsage.Default }; // create index buffer indexBuffer = new Buffer(Graphics.device, data, ibDesc); data.Dispose(); Engine.Log(MessageType.Success, string.Format("Mesh created with {0} vertices and {1} indices", numVertices, numIndices)); And my drawing code: // ShaderEffect, ShaderTechnique, and ShaderPass all store effect data // e is of type ShaderEffect // get the technique ShaderTechnique t; if(!e.techniques.TryGetValue(techniqueName, out t)) return; // effect variables e.SetMatrix("worldView", worldView); e.SetMatrix("projection", projection); e.SetResource("diffuseMap", texture); e.SetSampler("textureSampler", sampler); // set per-mesh/technique settings Graphics.context.InputAssembler.SetVertexBuffers(0, vertexBufferBinding); Graphics.context.InputAssembler.SetIndexBuffer(indexBuffer, SlimDX.DXGI.Format.R16_UInt, 0); Graphics.context.PixelShader.SetSampler(sampler, 0); // render for each pass foreach(ShaderPass p in t.passes) { Graphics.context.InputAssembler.InputLayout = p.layout; p.pass.Apply(Graphics.context); Graphics.context.DrawIndexed(numIndices, 0, 0); } How can I do this?

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  • Alpha blend 3D png texture in XNA

    - by ProgrammerAtWork
    I'm trying to draw a partly transparent texture a plane, but the problem is that it's incorrectly displaying what is behind that texture. Pseudo code: vertices1 basiceffect1 // The vertices of vertices1 are located BEHIND vertices2 vertices2 basiceffect2 // The vertices of vertices2 are located IN FRONT vertices1 GraphicsDevice.Clear(Blue); PrimitiveBatch.Begin(); //if I draw like this: PrimitiveBatch.Draw(vertices1, trianglestrip, basiceffect1) PrimitiveBatch.Draw(vertices2, trianglestrip, basiceffect2) //Everything gets draw correctly, I can see the texture of vertices2 trough //the transparent parts of vertices1 //but if I draw like this: PrimitiveBatch.Draw(vertices2, trianglestrip, basiceffect2) PrimitiveBatch.Draw(vertices1, trianglestrip, basiceffect1) //I cannot see the texture of vertices1 in behind the texture of vertices2 //Instead, the texture vertices2 gets drawn, and the transparent parts are blue //The clear color PrimitiveBatch.Draw(vertice PrimitiveBatch.End(); My question is, Why does the order in which I call draw matter?

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  • Scaling Skeletal values to be able to reach objects on the screen

    - by Sweta Dwivedi
    I have created a game using Kinect + XNA and the game runs on full screen mode.. However when i try to touch or reach a certain area on the screen using hand.. I cant reach it.. I will already be outside the range of the sensor trying to touch the object on the game screen.. Is there anyway I can scale the skeletal values so that the users can easily touch objects on the screen without having to stretch or bend too much?

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  • Parabolic throw with set Height and range (libgdx)

    - by Tauboga
    Currently i'm working on a minigame for android where you have a rotating ball in the center of the display which jumps when touched in the direction of his current angle. I'm simply using a gravity vector and a velocity vector in this way: positionBall = positionBall.add(velocity); velocity = velocity.add(gravity); and velocity.x = (float) Math.cos(angle) * 12; /* 12 to amplify the velocity */ velocity.y = (float) Math.sin(angle) * 15; /* 15 to amplify the velocity */ That works fine. Here comes the problem: I want to make the jump look the same on all possible resolutions. The velocity needs to be scaled in a way that when the ball is thrown straight upwards it will touch the upper display border. When thrown directly left or right the range shall be exactly long enough to touch the left/right display border. Which formula(s) do I need to use and how to implement them correctly? Thanks in advance!

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  • How to load stacking chunks on the fly?

    - by Brettetete
    I'm currently working on an infinite world, mostly inspired by minecraft. A Chunk consists of 16x16x16 blocks. A block(cube) is 1x1x1. This runs very smoothly with a ViewRange of 12 Chunks (12x16) on my computer. Fine. When I change the Chunk height to 256 this becomes - obviously - incredible laggy. So what I basically want to do is stacking chunks. That means my world could be [8,16,8] Chunks large. The question is now how to generate chunks on the fly? At the moment I generate not existing chunks circular around my position (near to far). Since I don't stack chunks yet, this is not very complex. As important side note here: I also want to have biomes, with different min/max height. So in Biome Flatlands the highest layer with blocks would be 8 (8x16) - in Biome Mountains the highest layer with blocks would be 14 (14x16). Just as example. What I could do would be loading 1 Chunk above and below me for example. But here the problem would be, that transitions between different bioms could be larger than one chunk on y. My current chunk loading in action For the completeness here my current chunk loading "algorithm" private IEnumerator UpdateChunks(){ for (int i = 1; i < VIEW_RANGE; i += ChunkWidth) { float vr = i; for (float x = transform.position.x - vr; x < transform.position.x + vr; x += ChunkWidth) { for (float z = transform.position.z - vr; z < transform.position.z + vr; z += ChunkWidth) { _pos.Set(x, 0, z); // no y, yet _pos.x = Mathf.Floor(_pos.x/ChunkWidth)*ChunkWidth; _pos.z = Mathf.Floor(_pos.z/ChunkWidth)*ChunkWidth; Chunk chunk = Chunk.FindChunk(_pos); // If Chunk is already created, continue if (chunk != null) continue; // Create a new Chunk.. chunk = (Chunk) Instantiate(ChunkFab, _pos, Quaternion.identity); } } // Skip to next frame yield return 0; } }

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  • Create dynamic buffer SharpDX

    - by fedab
    I want to set a buffer that is updated every frame but can't figure it out, what i have to do. The only working thing i have is this: mdexcription = new BufferDescription(Matrix.SizeInBytes * Matrices.Length, ResourceUsage.Dynamic, BindFlags.VertexBuffer, CpuAccessFlags.Write, ResourceOptionFlags.None, 0); instanceBuffer = SharpDX.Direct3D11.Buffer.Create(Device, Matrices, mdexcription); vBB = new VertexBufferBinding(instanceBuffer, Matrix.SizeInBytes, 0); DeviceContext.InputAssembler.SetVertexBuffers(1, vBB); Draw: //Change Matrices (Matrix[]) every frame... instanceBuffer.Dispose(); instanceBuffer = SharpDX.Direct3D11.Buffer.Create(Device, Matrices, mdexcription); vBB = new VertexBufferBinding(instanceBuffer, Matrix.SizeInBytes, 0); DeviceContext.InputAssembler.SetVertexBuffers(1, vBB); I guess Dispose() and creating a new buffer is slow and can be done much faster. I've read about DataStream but i do not know, how to set this up properly. What steps do i have to do to set up a DataStream to achieve fast every-frame update?

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  • Mixing XNA and silverlight gives wierd graphics

    - by Mech0z
    I making a small 3dgame which is made as a Silverlight and XNA app, but when I draw the sprites the graphics becomes all wierd. All my primitive types are rendered correctly, but my 3d models are just wierd My Draw is like this when silverlight is set to draw private void OnDraw(object sender, GameTimerEventArgs e) { // Render the Silverlight controls using the UIElementRenderer elementRenderer.Render(); // Clear the screen to a solid color SharedGraphicsDeviceManager.Current.GraphicsDevice.Clear(Color.CornflowerBlue); switch (gameState) { case GameState.ChooseStarter: TextBlockStatus.Text = "Find Starting Player"; break; case GameState.PlaceBrick: TextBlockPlayer.Text = (playerTurn == PlayerTurn.PlayerOne) ? "Player One" : "Player Two"; TextBlockState.Text = "Place Brick"; foreach (IGraphicObject obj in _3dObjects) { obj.Draw(cameraPosition, e); } break; case GameState.GiveBrick: TextBlockState.Text = "Give Brick"; break; } spriteBatch.Begin(); // Using the texture from the UIElementRenderer, // draw the Silverlight controls to the screen spriteBatch.Draw(elementRenderer.Texture, cameraProjection, Color.White); spriteBatch.End(); } This gives me this output If I comment the spritebatch lines out I get the correct output, except the silverlight text is of course not shown I am not entirely sure what to look for except that zero vector I am giving to the spritebatch, but if thats the source I have no idea what I am supposed to set it as epspecially when its a 2d vector

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  • Restricting joystick within a radius of center

    - by Phil
    I'm using Unity3d iOs and am using the example joysticks that came with one of the packages. It works fine but the area the joystick moves in is a rectangle which is unintuitive for my type of game. I can figure out how to see if the distance between the center and the current point is too far but I can't figure out how to constrain it to a certain distance without interrupting the finger tracking. Here's the relevant code: using UnityEngine; using System.Collections; public class Boundary { public Vector2 min = Vector2.zero; public Vector2 max = Vector2.zero; } public class Joystick : MonoBehaviour{ static private Joystick[] joysticks; // A static collection of all joysticks static private bool enumeratedJoysticks=false; static private float tapTimeDelta = 0.3f; // Time allowed between taps public bool touchPad; // Is this a TouchPad? public Rect touchZone; public Vector2 deadZone = Vector2.zero; // Control when position is output public bool normalize = false; // Normalize output after the dead-zone? public Vector2 position; // [-1, 1] in x,y public int tapCount; // Current tap count private int lastFingerId = -1; // Finger last used for this joystick private float tapTimeWindow; // How much time there is left for a tap to occur private Vector2 fingerDownPos; private float fingerDownTime; private float firstDeltaTime = 0.5f; private GUITexture gui; // Joystick graphic private Rect defaultRect; // Default position / extents of the joystick graphic private Boundary guiBoundary = new Boundary(); // Boundary for joystick graphic public Vector2 guiTouchOffset; // Offset to apply to touch input private Vector2 guiCenter; // Center of joystick private Vector3 tmpv3; private Rect tmprect; private Color tmpclr; public float allowedDistance; public enum JoystickType { movement, rotation } public JoystickType joystickType; public void Start() { // Cache this component at startup instead of looking up every frame gui = (GUITexture) GetComponent( typeof(GUITexture) ); // Store the default rect for the gui, so we can snap back to it defaultRect = gui.pixelInset; if ( touchPad ) { // If a texture has been assigned, then use the rect ferom the gui as our touchZone if ( gui.texture ) touchZone = gui.pixelInset; } else { // This is an offset for touch input to match with the top left // corner of the GUI guiTouchOffset.x = defaultRect.width * 0.5f; guiTouchOffset.y = defaultRect.height * 0.5f; // Cache the center of the GUI, since it doesn't change guiCenter.x = defaultRect.x + guiTouchOffset.x; guiCenter.y = defaultRect.y + guiTouchOffset.y; // Let's build the GUI boundary, so we can clamp joystick movement guiBoundary.min.x = defaultRect.x - guiTouchOffset.x; guiBoundary.max.x = defaultRect.x + guiTouchOffset.x; guiBoundary.min.y = defaultRect.y - guiTouchOffset.y; guiBoundary.max.y = defaultRect.y + guiTouchOffset.y; } } public void Disable() { gameObject.active = false; enumeratedJoysticks = false; } public void ResetJoystick() { if (joystickType != JoystickType.rotation) { //Don't do anything if turret mode // Release the finger control and set the joystick back to the default position gui.pixelInset = defaultRect; lastFingerId = -1; position = Vector2.zero; fingerDownPos = Vector2.zero; if ( touchPad ){ tmpclr = gui.color; tmpclr.a = 0.025f; gui.color = tmpclr; } } else { //gui.pixelInset = defaultRect; lastFingerId = -1; position = position; fingerDownPos = fingerDownPos; if ( touchPad ){ tmpclr = gui.color; tmpclr.a = 0.025f; gui.color = tmpclr; } } } public bool IsFingerDown() { return (lastFingerId != -1); } public void LatchedFinger( int fingerId ) { // If another joystick has latched this finger, then we must release it if ( lastFingerId == fingerId ) ResetJoystick(); } public void Update() { if ( !enumeratedJoysticks ) { // Collect all joysticks in the game, so we can relay finger latching messages joysticks = (Joystick[]) FindObjectsOfType( typeof(Joystick) ); enumeratedJoysticks = true; } //CHeck if distance is over the allowed amount //Get centerPosition //Get current position //Get distance //If over, don't allow int count = iPhoneInput.touchCount; // Adjust the tap time window while it still available if ( tapTimeWindow > 0 ) tapTimeWindow -= Time.deltaTime; else tapCount = 0; if ( count == 0 ) ResetJoystick(); else { for(int i = 0;i < count; i++) { iPhoneTouch touch = iPhoneInput.GetTouch(i); Vector2 guiTouchPos = touch.position - guiTouchOffset; bool shouldLatchFinger = false; if ( touchPad ) { if ( touchZone.Contains( touch.position ) ) shouldLatchFinger = true; } else if ( gui.HitTest( touch.position ) ) { shouldLatchFinger = true; } // Latch the finger if this is a new touch if ( shouldLatchFinger && ( lastFingerId == -1 || lastFingerId != touch.fingerId ) ) { if ( touchPad ) { tmpclr = gui.color; tmpclr.a = 0.15f; gui.color = tmpclr; lastFingerId = touch.fingerId; fingerDownPos = touch.position; fingerDownTime = Time.time; } lastFingerId = touch.fingerId; // Accumulate taps if it is within the time window if ( tapTimeWindow > 0 ) { tapCount++; print("tap" + tapCount.ToString()); } else { tapCount = 1; print("tap" + tapCount.ToString()); //Tell gameobject that player has tapped turret joystick if (joystickType == JoystickType.rotation) { //TODO: Call! } tapTimeWindow = tapTimeDelta; } // Tell other joysticks we've latched this finger foreach ( Joystick j in joysticks ) { if ( j != this ) j.LatchedFinger( touch.fingerId ); } } if ( lastFingerId == touch.fingerId ) { // Override the tap count with what the iPhone SDK reports if it is greater // This is a workaround, since the iPhone SDK does not currently track taps // for multiple touches if ( touch.tapCount > tapCount ) tapCount = touch.tapCount; if ( touchPad ) { // For a touchpad, let's just set the position directly based on distance from initial touchdown position.x = Mathf.Clamp( ( touch.position.x - fingerDownPos.x ) / ( touchZone.width / 2 ), -1, 1 ); position.y = Mathf.Clamp( ( touch.position.y - fingerDownPos.y ) / ( touchZone.height / 2 ), -1, 1 ); } else { // Change the location of the joystick graphic to match where the touch is tmprect = gui.pixelInset; tmprect.x = Mathf.Clamp( guiTouchPos.x, guiBoundary.min.x, guiBoundary.max.x ); tmprect.y = Mathf.Clamp( guiTouchPos.y, guiBoundary.min.y, guiBoundary.max.y ); //Check distance float distance = Vector2.Distance(new Vector2(defaultRect.x, defaultRect.y), new Vector2(tmprect.x, tmprect.y)); float angle = Vector2.Angle(new Vector2(defaultRect.x, defaultRect.y), new Vector2(tmprect.x, tmprect.y)); if (distance < allowedDistance) { //Ok gui.pixelInset = tmprect; } else { //This is where I don't know what to do... } } if ( touch.phase == iPhoneTouchPhase.Ended || touch.phase == iPhoneTouchPhase.Canceled ) ResetJoystick(); } } } if ( !touchPad ) { // Get a value between -1 and 1 based on the joystick graphic location position.x = ( gui.pixelInset.x + guiTouchOffset.x - guiCenter.x ) / guiTouchOffset.x; position.y = ( gui.pixelInset.y + guiTouchOffset.y - guiCenter.y ) / guiTouchOffset.y; } // Adjust for dead zone float absoluteX = Mathf.Abs( position.x ); float absoluteY = Mathf.Abs( position.y ); if ( absoluteX < deadZone.x ) { // Report the joystick as being at the center if it is within the dead zone position.x = 0; } else if ( normalize ) { // Rescale the output after taking the dead zone into account position.x = Mathf.Sign( position.x ) * ( absoluteX - deadZone.x ) / ( 1 - deadZone.x ); } if ( absoluteY < deadZone.y ) { // Report the joystick as being at the center if it is within the dead zone position.y = 0; } else if ( normalize ) { // Rescale the output after taking the dead zone into account position.y = Mathf.Sign( position.y ) * ( absoluteY - deadZone.y ) / ( 1 - deadZone.y ); } } } So the later portion of the code handles the updated position of the joystick thumb. This is where I'd like it to track the finger position in a direction it still is allowed to move (like if the finger is too far up and slightly to the +X I'd like to make sure the joystick is as close in X and Y as allowed within the radius) Thanks for reading!

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  • Correct level of abstraction for a 3d rendering component?

    - by JohnB
    I've seen lots of questions around this area but not this exact question so apologies if this is a duplicate. I'm making a small 3d game. Well to be honest, it's just a little hobby project and likely won't turn out to be an actual game, I'll be happy to make a nice graphics demo and learn about 3d rendering and c++ design. My intent is to use direct3d9 for rendering as I have some little experience of it, and it seems to meet my requirements. However if I've learned one thing as a programmer it's to ask "is there any conceivable reason that this component might be replaced by a different implmentation" and if the answer is yes then I need to design a proper abstraction and interface to that component. So even though I intend to implment d3d9 I need to design a 3d interface that could be implemented for d3d11, opengl... My question then is what level is it best to do this at? I'm thinking that an interface capable of creating and later drawing Vertex buffers and index buffers Textures Vertex and Pixel "shaders" Some representation of drawing state (blending modes etc...) In other words a fairly low level interface where my code to draw for example an animated model would use the interface to obtain abstract vertex buffers etc. I worry though that it's too low level to abstract out all the functionallity I need efficiently. The alternative is to do this at a higher level where the interface can draw objects, animations, landscapes etc, and implement them for each system. This seems like more work, but it more flexible I guess. So that's my question really, when abstracting out the drawing system, what level of interface works best?

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  • Bad FPS for smaller size (OpenGL ES with SDL)

    - by ber4444
    If you saw my other question, well, there is still a little problem: Click here to watch on youtube Basically, the frame rate is very bad on the actual device, where for some reason the animation is scaled (it looks like the left side on the video). It is quite fast on the simulator where it is not scaled (right side). For a test, I submitted this new changeset that hard-codes the smaller size (plus increases the point size for HII regions to make the dust clouds more visible), and as you see in the video, now it is slow even in the simulator (left side shows the small size, right side shows the original size -- otherwise the code is the same). I'm clueless why it's soooo slow with a smaller galaxy, in fact it should be FASTER. As for general speed optimization (which is not strictly part of my question but is closely related to it, esp. if we need a workaround to speed things up), some initial ideas: reducing the number of items drawn may affect the appearance negatively but screen resolution could be reduced there are too many glBegin(GL_POINTS)/glEnd() blocks, we could draw more than just a single star at once

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  • How to make this game loop deterministic

    - by Lanaru
    I am using the following game loop for my pacman clone: long prevTime = System.currentTimeMillis(); while (running) { long curTime = System.currentTimeMillis(); float frameTime = (curTime - prevTime) / 1000f; prevTime = curTime; while (frameTime > 0.0f) { final float deltaTime = Math.min(frameTime, TIME_STEP); update(deltaTime); frameTime -= deltaTime; } repaint(); } The thing is, I don't always get the same ghost movement every time I run the game (their logic is deterministic), so it must be the game loop. I imagine it's due to the final float deltaTime = Math.min(frameTime, TIME_STEP); line. What's the best way of modifying this to perform the exact same way every time I run it? Also, any further improvements I can make?

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  • What are some great papers/publications relating to game programming?

    - by Archagon
    What are some of your favorite papers and publications that closely relate to game programming? I'm particularly looking for examples that are well-written and illustrated, and/or have had a profound influence on the industry. (Here's one example: in this GDC talk, Bungie's David Aldridge mentions that a paper called "The TRIBES Engine Networking Model" was the starting point for Halo's network code.)

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  • Entity Component System, weapon

    - by Heorhiy
    I'm new to game programming and currently trying to understand Entity Component System design by implementing simple 2d game. By ECS I mean design, described here for example In my game I have different kind of weapons: automatic, gun, grenade, etc... Each type of weapon has it's own affect area (gun shots along the straight line and grenade explodes and covers some spherical area) , damage impact, visual effect and bullet amount, delay between shots. So I don't completely understand how to implement weapons. Should weapon be an Entity or it should be a component? And how the player should pick up a weapon, switch between different types of weapons and etc.

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  • Sprite animation in openGL - Some frames are being skipped

    - by Sid
    Earlier, I was facing problems on implementing sprite animation in openGL ES. Now its being sorted up. But the problem that i am facing now is that some of my frames are being skipped when a bullet(a circle) strikes on it. What I need : A sprite animation should stop at the last frame without skipping any frame. What I did : Collision Detection function and working properly. PS : Everything is working fine but i want to implement the animation in OPENGL ONLY. Canvas won't work in my case. ------------------------ EDIT----------------------- My sprite sheet. Consider the animation from Left to right and then from top to bottom Here is an image for a better understanding. My spritesheet ... class FragileSquare{ FloatBuffer fVertexBuffer, mTextureBuffer; ByteBuffer mColorBuff; ByteBuffer mIndexBuff; int[] textures = new int[1]; public boolean beingHitFromBall = false; int numberSprites = 20; int columnInt = 4; //number of columns as int float columnFloat = 4.0f; //number of columns as float float rowFloat = 5.0f; int oldIdx; public FragileSquare() { // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub float vertices [] = {-1.0f,1.0f, //byte index 0 1.0f, 1.0f, //byte index 1 //byte index 2 -1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f,-1.0f}; //byte index 3 float textureCoord[] = { 0.0f,0.0f, 0.25f,0.0f, 0.0f,0.20f, 0.25f,0.20f }; byte indices[] = {0, 1, 2, 1, 2, 3 }; ByteBuffer byteBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(4*2 * 4); // 4 vertices, 2 co-ordinates(x,y) 4 for converting in float byteBuffer.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder()); fVertexBuffer = byteBuffer.asFloatBuffer(); fVertexBuffer.put(vertices); fVertexBuffer.position(0); ByteBuffer byteBuffer2 = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(textureCoord.length * 4); byteBuffer2.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder()); mTextureBuffer = byteBuffer2.asFloatBuffer(); mTextureBuffer.put(textureCoord); mTextureBuffer.position(0); } public void draw(GL10 gl){ gl.glFrontFace(GL11.GL_CW); gl.glEnableClientState(GL10.GL_VERTEX_ARRAY); gl.glVertexPointer(1,GL10.GL_FLOAT, 0, fVertexBuffer); gl.glEnable(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D); if(MyRender.flag2==1){ /** Collision has taken place*/ int idx = oldIdx==(numberSprites-1) ? (numberSprites-1) : (int)((System.currentTimeMillis()%(200*numberSprites))/200); gl.glMatrixMode(GL10.GL_TEXTURE); gl.glTranslatef((idx%columnInt)/columnFloat, (idx/columnInt)/rowFloat, 0); gl.glMatrixMode(GL10.GL_MODELVIEW); oldIdx = idx; } gl.glEnable(GL10.GL_BLEND); gl.glBlendFunc(GL10.GL_SRC_ALPHA, GL10.GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA); gl.glBindTexture(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D, textures[0]); //4 gl.glTexCoordPointer(2, GL10.GL_FLOAT,0, mTextureBuffer); //5 gl.glEnableClientState(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_COORD_ARRAY); gl.glDrawArrays(GL10.GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP, 0, 4); //7 gl.glFrontFace(GL11.GL_CCW); gl.glDisableClientState(GL10.GL_VERTEX_ARRAY); gl.glDisableClientState(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_COORD_ARRAY); gl.glMatrixMode(GL10.GL_TEXTURE); gl.glLoadIdentity(); gl.glMatrixMode(GL10.GL_MODELVIEW); } public void loadFragileTexture(GL10 gl, Context context, int resource) { Bitmap bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeResource(context.getResources(), resource); gl.glGenTextures(1, textures, 0); gl.glBindTexture(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D, textures[0]); gl.glTexParameterf(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL10.GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL10.GL_LINEAR); gl.glTexParameterf(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL10.GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL10.GL_LINEAR); gl.glTexParameterf(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL10.GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL10.GL_REPEAT); gl.glTexParameterf(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL10.GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL10.GL_REPEAT); GLUtils.texImage2D(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, bitmap, 0); bitmap.recycle(); }

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  • Libgdx Palette Swap

    - by Haedrian
    I'm developing a game using the Libgdx library. I'm trying to implement a very simple palette swap functionality (basically just complete recolouring of some areas, I don't even need to have various shades), but I don't have any idea where to begin. The closest I've come is trying to draw the picture myself using a Pixmap, but that appears to be horrible unmaintainable and produces oodles of code.

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  • Game Physics: Implementing Normal Reaction from ground correctly

    - by viraj
    I am implementing a simple side scrolling platform game. I am using the following strategy while coding the physics: Gravity constantly acts on the character. When the character is touching the floor, a normal reaction is exerted by the floor. I face the following problem: If the character is initially at a height, he acquires velocity in the -Y direction. Thus, when he hits the floor, he falls through even though normal force is being exerted. I could fix this by setting the Y velocity to 0, and placing him above the floor if he has collided with it. But this often leads to the character getting stuck in the floor or bouncing around it. Is there a better approach ?

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  • Alternative to Game State System?

    - by Ricket
    As far as I can tell, most games have some sort of "game state system" which switches between the different game states; these might be things like "Intro", "MainMenu", "CharacterSelect", "Loading", and "Game". On the one hand, it totally makes sense to separate these into a state system. After all, they are disparate and would otherwise need to be in a large switch statement, which is obviously messy; and they certainly are well represented by a state system. But at the same time, I look at the "Game" state and wonder if there's something wrong about this state system approach. Because it's like the elephant in the room; it's HUGE and obvious but nobody questions the game state system approach. It seems silly to me that "Game" is put on the same level as "Main Menu". Yet there isn't a way to break up the "Game" state. Is a game state system the best way to go? Is there some different, better technique to managing, well, the "game state"? Is it okay to have an intro state which draws a movie and listens for enter, and then a loading state which loops on the resource manager, and then the game state which does practically everything? Doesn't this seem sort of unbalanced to you, too? Am I missing something?

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  • Different Style Technique

    - by Muhammad Iqbal Dwi Cahyo
    I'm newbie here.. Please anyone knows, to create a character that his/her Style Tech is had a different kind of movement... I wanna make my character 2d his/her power technique like rasengan, I mean first the ball its just spining around and then going bigger and much more bigger so blow up if it touch his/her opponent? How the coding is, and what I've must do? Please your guide, thank's a lot... ^_^

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  • Need to combine a color, mask, and sprite layer in a shader

    - by Donutz
    My task: to display a sprite using different team colors. I have a sprte graphic, part of which has to be displayed as a team color. The color isn't 'flat', i.e. it shades from brighter to darker. I can't "pre-build" the graphics because there are just too many, so I have to generate them at runtime. I've decided to use a shader, and supply it with a texture consisting of the team color, a texture consisting of a mask (black=no color, white=full color, gray=progressively dimmed color), and the sprite grapic, with the areas where the team color shows being transparent. So here's my shader code: // Effect attempts to merge a color layer, a mask layer, and a sprite layer // to produce a complete sprite sampler UnitSampler : register(s0); // the unit sampler MaskSampler : register(s1); // the mask sampler ColorSampler : register(s2); // the color float4 main(float4 color : COLOR0, float2 texCoord : TEXCOORD0) : COLOR0 { float4 tex1 = tex2D(ColorSampler, texCoord); // get the color float4 tex2 = tex2D(MaskSampler, texCoord); // get the mask float4 tex3 = tex2D(UnitSampler,texCoord); // get the unit float4 tex4 = tex1 * tex2.r * tex3; // color * mask * unit return tex4; } My problem is the calculations involving tex1 through tex4. I don't really understand how the manipulations work, so I'm just thrashing around, producing lots of different incorrect effects. So given tex1 through tex3, what calcs do I do in order to take the color (tex1), mask it (tex2), and apply the result to the unit if it's not zero? And would I be better off to make the mask just on/off (white/black) and put the color shading in the unit graphic?

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