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  • Type Declaration - Pointer Asterisk Position

    - by sahs
    Hello, in C++, the following means "allocate memory for an int pointer": int* number; So, the asterisk is part of the variable type; without it, that would mean something else (that's why I usually don't separate the asterisk from the variable type). Then what is the reason the asterisk is considered something else, instead of being part of the type? For example, it seems better, if the following meant "allocate memory for two int pointers": int* number1, number2; Am I wrong?

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  • data structure for counting frequencies in a database table-like format

    - by user373312
    i was wondering if there is a data structure optimized to count frequencies against data that is stored in a database table-like format. for example, the data comes in a (comma) delimited format below. col1, col2, col3 x, a, green x, b, blue ... y, c, green now i simply want to count the frequency of col1=x or col1=x and col2=green. i have been storing the data in a database table, but in my profiling and from empirical observation, database connection is the bottle-neck. i have tried using in-memory database solutions too, and that works quite well; the only problem is memory requirements and quirky init/destroy calls. also, i work mainly with java, but have experience with .net, and was wondering if there was any api to work with "tabular" data in a linq way using java. any help is appreciated.

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  • C++: Why don't I need to check if references are invalid/null?

    - by jbu
    Hi all, Reading http://www.cprogramming.com/tutorial/references.html, it says: In general, references should always be valid because you must always initialize a reference. This means that barring some bizarre circumstances (see below), you can be certain that using a reference is just like using a plain old non-reference variable. You don't need to check to make sure that a reference isn't pointing to NULL, and you won't get bitten by an uninitialized reference that you forgot to allocate memory for. My question is how do I know that the object's memory hasn't been freed/deleted AFTER you've initialized the reference. What it comes down to is that I can't take this advice on faith and I need a better explanation. Can anyone shed some light? Thanks, jbu

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  • py2app generates .app with no errors but .app crashes and quits unexpectedly

    - by user3705730
    I am trying to use py2app and it generates .app with no errors but .app crashes and quits unexpectedly. I am trying to do this in virtualenv so I am not sure if that is an issue with all the paths. It works on my computer when all the virtual environments exist but as soon as I close them down, the .app no longer works. The virtual environment I am using has python 2.7.5 Here is my setup.py: """ This is a setup.py script generated by py2applet Usage: python setup.py py2app """ from setuptools import setup APP = ['myApp.py'] DATA_FILES = [] OPTIONS = {'argv_emulation': True, 'packages': ['pulp']} setup( app=APP, data_files=DATA_FILES, options={'py2app': OPTIONS}, setup_requires=['py2app'], )

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  • What are the pros and cons of using manual list iteration vs recursion through fail

    - by magus
    I come up against this all the time, and I'm never sure which way to attack it. Below are two methods for processing some season facts. What I'm trying to work out is whether to use method 1 or 2, and what are the pros and cons of each, especially large amounts of facts. methodone seems wasteful since the facts are available, why bother building a list of them (especially a large list). This must have memory implications too if the list is large enough ? And it doesn't take advantage of Prolog's natural backtracking feature. methodtwo takes advantage of backtracking to do the recursion for me, and I would guess would be much more memory efficient, but is it good programming practice generally to do this? It's arguably uglier to follow, and might there be any other side effects? One problem I can see is that each time fail is called, we lose the ability to pass anything back to the calling predicate, eg. if it was methodtwo(SeasonResults), since we continually fail the predicate on purpose. So methodtwo would need to assert facts to store state. Presumably(?) method 2 would be faster as it has no (large) list processing to do? I could imagine that if I had a list, then methodone would be the way to go.. or is that always true? Might it make sense in any conditions to assert the list to facts using methodone then process them using method two? Complete madness? But then again, I read that asserting facts is a very 'expensive' business, so list handling might be the way to go, even for large lists? Any thoughts? Or is it sometimes better to use one and not the other, depending on (what) situation? eg. for memory optimisation, use method 2, including asserting facts and, for speed use method 1? season(spring). season(summer). season(autumn). season(winter). % Season handling showseason(Season) :- atom_length(Season, LenSeason), write('Season Length is '), write(LenSeason), nl. % ------------------------------------------------------------- % Method 1 - Findall facts/iterate through the list and process each %-------------------------------------------------------------- % Iterate manually through a season list lenseason([]). lenseason([Season|MoreSeasons]) :- showseason(Season), lenseason(MoreSeasons). % Findall to build a list then iterate until all done methodone :- findall(Season, season(Season), AllSeasons), lenseason(AllSeasons), write('Done'). % ------------------------------------------------------------- % Method 2 - Use fail to force recursion %-------------------------------------------------------------- methodtwo :- % Get one season and show it season(Season), showseason(Season), % Force prolog to backtrack to find another season fail. % No more seasons, we have finished methodtwo :- write('Done').

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  • Can my app arrange a gdb breakpoint or watch?

    - by Larry Gritz
    Is there a way for my code to be instrumented to insert a break point or watch on a memory location that will be honored by gdb? (And presumably have no effect when gdb is not attached.) I know how to do such things as gdb commands within the gdb session, but for certain types of debugging it would be really handy to do it "programmatically", if you know what I mean -- for example, the bug only happens with a particular circumstance, not any of the first 11,024 times the crashing routine is called, or the first 43,028,503 times that memory location is modified, so setting a simple break point on the routine or watch point on the variable is not helpful -- it's all false positives. I'm concerned mostly about Linux, but curious about if similar solutions exist for OS X (or Windows, though obviously not with gdb).

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  • Efficient alternatives to merge for larger data.frames R

    - by Etienne Low-Décarie
    I am looking for an efficient (both computer resource wise and learning/implementation wise) method to merge two larger (size1 million / 300 KB RData file) data frames. "merge" in base R and "join" in plyr appear to use up all my memory effectively crashing my system. Example load test data frame and try test.merged<-merge(test, test) or test.merged<-join(test, test, type="all") - The following post provides a list of merge and alternatives: How to join data frames in R (inner, outer, left, right)? The following allows object size inspection: https://heuristically.wordpress.com/2010/01/04/r-memory-usage-statistics-variable/ Data produced by anonym

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  • Sound Manager Classes for Windows (C# or C++ .Net 2.0)

    - by Yakov
    Hi guys! I need some classes for playing short wav sounds, this classes would load this wav files into memory when an instance created, play sounds in background when needed, release this wav files from memory when an instance disposed. How can I do this on C# for windows (.Net 2.0)? (Win API's sndPlaySound, OpenAL or may be any wrapper) Ideally I would love to find an exist solution that simple and able to solve my task. Do you know any solutions for this issue? Thankx for your time.

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  • How can I position QDockWidgets as the screen shot shows using code?

    - by Nathan
    I want a Qt window to come up with the following arrangement of dock widgets on the right. Qt allows you to provide an argument to the addDockWidget method of QMainWindow to specify the position (top, bottom, left or right) but apparently not how two QDockWidgets placed on the same side will be arranged. Here is the code that adds the dock widgets. this uses PyQt4 but it should be the same for Qt with C++ self.memUseGraph = mem_use_widget(self) self.memUseDock = QDockWidget("Memory Usage") self.memUseDock.setObjectName("Memory Usage") self.memUseDock.setWidget(self.memUseGraph) self.addDockWidget(Qt.DockWidgetArea(Qt.RightDockWidgetArea),self.memUseDock) self.diskUsageGraph = disk_usage_widget(self) self.diskUsageDock = QDockWidget("Disk Usage") self.diskUsageDock.setObjectName("Disk Usage") self.diskUsageDock.setWidget(self.diskUsageGraph) self.addDockWidget(Qt.DockWidgetArea(Qt.RightDockWidgetArea),self.diskUsageDock) When this code is used to add both of them to the right side, one is above the other, not like the screen shot I made. The way I made that shot was to drag them there with the mouse after starting the program, but I need it to start that way.

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  • python dictionary with constant value-type

    - by s.kap
    hi there, I bumped into a case where I need a big (=huge) python dictionary, which turned to be quite memory-consuming. However, since all of the values are of a single type (long) - as well as the keys, I figured I can use python (or numpy, doesn't really matter) array for the values ; and wrap the needed interface (in: x ; out: d[x]) with an object which actually uses these arrays for the keys and values storage. I can use a index-conversion object (input -- index, of 1..n, where n is the different-values counter), and return array[index]. I can elaborate on some techniques of how to implement such an indexing-methods with reasonable memory requirement, it works and even pretty good. However, I wonder if there is such a data-structure-object already exists (in python, or wrapped to python from C/++), in any package (I checked collections, and some Google searches). Any comment will be welcome, thanks.

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  • Speed-up of readonly MyISAM table

    - by Ozzy
    We have a large MyISAM table that is used to archive old data. This archiving is performed every month, and except from these occasions data is never written to the table. Is there anyway to "tell" MySQL that this table is read-only, so that MySQL might optimize the performance of reads from this table? I've looked at the MEMORY storage engine, but the problem is that this table is so large that it would take a large portion of the servers memory, which I don't want. Hope my question is clear enough, I'm a novice when it comes to db administration so any input or suggestions are welcome.

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  • are runtime linking library globals shared among plugins loaded with dlopen?

    - by conejoroy
    I've a C++ program that links at runtime with, lets say, mylib.so. then, the same program uses dlopen()/dlsym() to load a function from myplugin.so, dynamic library that in turn has dependencies to mylib.so. My question is: will the program AND the function in the plugin access the same globals defined in mydlib.so in the same memory area reserved for the program, or each will be assigned different, unrelated copies in its own memory space? if the latter is the default behaviour, is it possible to change that? Thanks in advance =)!

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  • What is the effect on record size of reordering columns in PostgreSQL?

    - by Summer
    Since Postgres can only add columns at the end of tables, I end up re-ordering by adding new columns at the end of the table, setting them equal to existing columns, and then dropping the original columns. So, what does PostgreSQL do with the memory that's freed by dropped columns? Does it automatically re-use the memory, so a single record consumes the same amount of space as it did before? But that would require a re-write of the whole table, so to avoid that, does it just keep a bunch of blank space around in each record? Thanks! ~S

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  • C++ design with static methods

    - by user231536
    I would like to define as class X with a static method: class X { static string get_type () {return "X";} //other virtual methods } I would like to force classes which inherit from X to redefine the get_type() method and return strings different from "X" (I am happy if they just redefine get_type for now). How do I do this? I know that I cannot have virtual static methods. Edit: The question is not about the type_id, but in general about a static method that should be overriden. For example class X { static int getid() {return 1;} }

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  • What the best approach to iterate and "store" files over a directory in C (Linux) ?

    - by Andrei Ciobanu
    I have written a function that checks if to files are duplicates or not. This function signature is: int check_dup_memmap(char *f1_name, char *f2_name) It returns: (-1) - If something went wrong; (0) - If the two files are similar; (+1) - If the two files are different; The next step is to write a function that iterates through all the files in a certain directory,apply the previous function, and gives a report on every existing duplicates. Initially I've thought to write a function that generates a file with all the filenames in a certain directory and then, read that file again and gain and compare every two files. Here is that version of the function, that gets all the filenames in a certain directory. void *build_dir_tree(char *dirname, FILE *f) { DIR *cdir = NULL; struct dirent *ent = NULL; struct stat buf; if(f == NULL){ fprintf(stderr, "NULL file submitted. [build_dir_tree].\n"); exit(-1); } if(dirname == NULL){ fprintf(stderr, "NULL dirname submitted. [build_dir_tree].\n"); exit(-1); } if((cdir = opendir(dirname)) == NULL){ char emsg[MFILE_LEN]; sprintf(emsg, "Cannot open dir: %s [build_dir_tree]\t",dirname); perror(emsg); } chdir(dirname); while ((ent = readdir(cdir)) != NULL) { lstat(ent->d_name, &buf); if (S_ISDIR(buf.st_mode)) { if (strcmp(".", ent->d_name) == 0 || strcmp("..", ent->d_name) == 0) { continue; } build_dir_tree(ent->d_name, f); } else{ fprintf(f, "/%s/%s\n",util_get_cwd(),ent->d_name); } } chdir(".."); closedir(cdir); } Still I consider this approach a little inefficient, as I have to parse the file again and again. In your opinion what are other approaches should I follow: Write a datastructure and hold the files instead of writing them in the file ? I think for a directory with a lot of files, the memory will become very fragmented. Hold all the filenames in auto-expanding array, so that I can easy access every file by their index, because they will in a contiguous memory location. Map this file in memory using mmap() ? But mmap may fail, as the file gets to big. Any opinions on this. I want to choose the most efficient path, and access as few resources as possible. This is the requirement of the program... EDIT: Is there a way to get the numbers of files in a certain directory, without iterating through it ?

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  • Using the windows api and C++, how could I load an exe from the hard drive and run it in its own thread?

    - by returneax
    For the sake of learning I'm trying to do what the OS does when launching a program ie. parsing a PE file and giving it a thread of execution. If I have two exe's one called foo.exe and the other bar.exe, how could I have foo.exe load the contents of bar.exe into memory then have it execute from there in its own thread? I know how to get it into memory using MapViewOfFile or by simple loading the contents on the hard drive into a buffer. I'm assuming simply copying the contents of bar.exe on disk into its own suspended thread and running it wouldn't work. I am semi-familiar with PE file internals. All help is very much appreciated, of course :)

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  • What is faster: multiple `send`s or using buffering?

    - by dauerbaustelle
    I'm playing around with sockets in C/Python and I wonder what is the most efficient way to send headers from a Python dictionary to the client socket. My ideas: use a send call for every header. Pros: No memory allocation needed. Cons: many send calls -- probably error prone; error management should be rather complicated use a buffer. Pros: one send call, error checking a lot easier. Cons: Need a buffer :-) malloc/realloc should be rather slow and using a (too) big buffer to avoid realloc calls wastes memory. Any tips for me? Thanks :-)

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  • removing dependancy of a private function inside a public function using Rhino Mocks

    - by L G
    Hi All, I am new to mocking, and have started with Rhino Mocks. My scenario is like this..in my class library i have a public function and inside it i have a private function call, which gets output from a service.I want to remove the private function dependency. public class Employee { public virtual string GetFullName(string firstName, string lastName) { string middleName = GetMiddleName(); return string.Format("{0} {2} {1}", firstName, lastName,middleName ); } private virtual string GetMiddleName() { // Some call to Service return "George"; } } This is not my real scenario though, i just wanted to know how to remove dependency of GetMiddleName() function and i need to return some default value while unit testing. Note : I won't be able to change the private function here..or include Interface..Keeping the functions as such, is there any way to mock this.Thank

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  • Entity framework 4 many-to-many insertion?

    - by Saxman
    Hi all, I'm not very familiar with the many-to-many insertion process using Entity Framework 4, POCO. I have a blog with 3 tables: Post, Comment, and Tag. A Post can have many Tags and a Tag can be in many Posts. Here are the Post and Tag models: public class Tag { public int Id { get; set; } [Required] [StringLength(25, ErrorMessage = "Tag name can't exceed 25 characters.")] public string Name { get; set; } public virtual ICollection<Post> Posts { get; set; } } public class Post { public int Id { get; set; } [Required] [StringLength(512, ErrorMessage = "Title can't exceed 512 characters")] public string Title { get; set; } [Required] [AllowHtml] public string Content { get; set; } public string FriendlyUrl { get; set; } public DateTime PostedDate { get; set; } public bool IsActive { get; set; } public virtual ICollection<Comment> Comments { get; set; } public virtual ICollection<Tag> Tags { get; set; } } Now when I'm adding a new post, I'm not sure what would be the right way to do. I'm thinking that I'll have a textbox where I can select multiple tags for that post (this part is already done), in my controller, I will check to see if the tag is already exists or not, if not, then I will insert the new tag. But I'm not even sure based on the models that I've created for EF, will they create a PostsTags table, or they are creating just a Tags and a Posts table and links between the two? How would I insert the new Post and set the tags to that post? Is it just newPost.Tags = Tags (where Tags are the one that got selected, do I even need to check to see if they already exists?), and then something like _post.Add(newPost);? Thanks.

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  • How can I detect endianness on a system where all primitive integer sizes are the same?

    - by Joe Wreschnig
    (This question came out of explaining the details of CHAR_BIT, sizeof, and endianness to someone yesterday. It's entirely hypothetical.) Let's say I'm on a platform where CHAR_BIT is 32, so sizeof(char) == sizeof(short) == sizeof(int) == sizeof(long). I believe this is still a standards-conformant environment. The usual way to detect endianness at runtime (because there is no reliable way to do it at compile time) is to make a union { int i, char c[sizeof(int)] } x; x.i = 1 and see whether x.c[0] or x.c[sizeof(int)-1] got set. But that doesn't work on this platform, as I end up with a char[1]. Is there a way to detect whether such a platform is big-endian or little-endian, at runtime? Obviously it doesn't matter inside this hypothetical system, but one can imagine it is writing to a file, or some kind of memory-mapped area, which another machine reads and reconstructs it according to its (saner) memory model.

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  • nginx + ssi + remote uri access does not work

    - by stunti
    I have a setup where my nginx is in front with apache+PHP behind. My PHP application cache some page in memcache which are accessed by nginx directly except some dynamic part which are build using SSI in Nginx. The first problem I had was nginx didnt try to use memcache for ssi URI. <!--# include virtual="/myuser" --> So I figured that if I force it to use a full URL, it would do it. <!--# include virtual="http://www.example.com/myuser" --> But in logs file (both nginx and apache) I can see that a slash has been added at the beginning of the url http ssi filter "/http://www.example.com/myuser" In the source code of the SSI module I see a PREFIX that seems to be added, but I can really tell if I can disable it. Anybody got this issue? Nginx version : 0.7.62 on Ubuntu Karmic 64bits Thanks a lot

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  • What is the best way to "override" enums?

    - by Tyler
    I have a number of classes which extend an abstract class. The abstract parent class defines an enum with a set of values. Some of the subclasses inherit the parent class's enum values, but some of the subclasses need the enum values to be different. Is there any way to somehow override the enum for these particular subclasses, and if not, what is a good way to achieve what I'm describing? class ParentClass { private MyEnum m_EnumVal; public virtual MyEnum EnumVal { get { return m_EnumVal; } set { m_EnumVal = value; } } public enum MyEnum { a, b, c }; } class ChildClass : ParentClass { private MyEnum m_EnumVal; public virtual MyEnum EnumVal { get { return m_EnumVal; } set { m_EnumVal = value; } } public enum MyEnum { d, e, f }; }

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  • Tomcat application: Frequent OutOfMemory PermGen exception while image uploads

    - by rabbit
    Hi, I have a tomcat 6 application which I have set parameters of -Xms512m -Xmx1024m. I thought 1 GB of memory in a 4 GB RAM would be enough, but that is not the case. On application stop/start multiple times (from tomcat manager) and also on image uploads (sometimes) I run into the OutOfMemory PermGen space error and the site stops responding. Should I increase the memory still some more? Is there anything else that I can do to from the tomcat side so that it does not run into the PermGen space issue? Thanks in advance for pointers/tips etc.

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