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• How can I view updatedb database content, and then exclude certain files/paths?

  - by rubo77

  The updatedb database on my debian server is quite slow. where is the database located and how can I view its content and find out if there are some paths with useless stuff, that I could add to the prunepaths? my /etc/updatedb.conf looks like this: ... # filesystems which are pruned from updatedb database PRUNEFS="NFS nfs nfs4 afs binfmt_misc proc smbfs autofs iso9660 ncpfs coda devpts ftpfs devfs mfs shfs sysfs cifs lustre_lite tmpfs usbfs udf" export PRUNEFS # paths which are pruned from updatedb database PRUNEPATHS="/tmp /usr/tmp /var/tmp /afs /amd /alex /var/spool /sfs /media /var/backups/rsnapshot /var/mod_pagespeed/" ... and how can I prune all paths that contain */.git/* and */.svn/* ?

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• set tap0 using virt-manager for bridged wireless

  - by DaveO

  After 3 days I finally have kvm guests working on the network via wireless (link below - thanks!): My network is 192.168.1.0/24 on the host: sudo sh -c "echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward" sudo tunctl -t tap0 sudo ip link set tap0 up sudo ip addr add 192.168.1.25/24 dev tap0 sudo route add -host 192.168.1.30 dev tap0 sudo parprouted wlan0 tap0 on the guest: auto eth0 iface eth0 inet static address 192.168.1.30 netmask 255.255.255.0 network 192.168.1.0 broadcast 192.168.1.255 gateway 192.168.1.25 and start the guest: sudo kvm /path/to/guest.img -net nic,macaddr=DE:AD:BE:EF:90:26 -net tap,ifname=tap0,script=no This works great and I can ping the local network and the internet back and forth between the guest. But how do I add these settings to the guest's xml config so I can start the guest via virt-manager with the same nic settings? ref: http://www.linuxquestions.org/questions/debian-26/kvm-wireless-bridge-network-691953/

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• VMware Workstation on Linux: Dropping core files in a shared folder...

  - by kclittle

  I'm using VMware 6.0.2 on a RHEL 4.6 host. The VMs are MontaVista CGE 5.0 (2.6.21 kernel). I'm trying to get applications running in the VMs to drop any core files on a HGFS volume, i.e. in a "shared folder". The core files get created as per the path and format given in /proc/sys/kernel/core_pattern, but they are always zero length. If I change the path to a local path (on a virtual disk in the VM), all is well. Any ideas what I have to do get the core files written into a shared folder? Thanks for your help!

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• No free disk space ;[

  - by skomak

  Hi I have weird situation because Linux df command says that there is no free disk space [root@backup cache]# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda3 72G 70G 0 100% / /dev/sda1 190M 11M 170M 7% /boot tmpfs 248M 0 248M 0% /dev/shm but du -sh /* says [root@backup cache]# du -sh /* 4.0K /bacula-restores 7.4M /bin 5.4M /boot 3.6T /data 116K /dev 55M /etc 204K /home 76M /lib 16K /lost+found 12K /media 0 /misc 16K /mnt 8.0K /mount 0 /net 8.0K /opt 0 /proc 2.3G /root 32M /sbin 8.0K /selinux 168K /share 8.0K /srv 0 /sys 361M /test 20K /tmp 3.2G /usr 1.5G /var Could you tell me where is a problem? Where is my space? I can't figure it out :(

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• High fan speed after return from suspend (on Ubuntu)

  - by Bolo

  Hi, I've got a HP ProBook 5310m laptop with Ubuntu 10.04 (32 bit). When I return from suspend, the fan speed is usually very high: FDTZ sensor reports "90 °C". Yes, the units are wrong, since FDTZ does not report temperature, but fan speed – that's probably just a small bug in reporting. Interestingly, when I plug or unplug the power cable for a moment, the fan speed returns back to normal. My questions: Where can I report this problem? Is it about ACPI support in the kernel? What is the address of the relevant bug tracker? As a workaround for now, how can I programmatically trigger a behavior equivalent to (un)plugging the power cable. More generally, how can I force ACPI to recalculate fan speed? Ideally, I'm looking for something like echo foo > /proc/bar. Thanks in advance!

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• IPTables reroute traffic not working

  - by user1307079

  I am trying to reroute incoming traffic on my server's port 80 to another server, but it is not working. This is what I tried. On the host server, I ran these: echo “1? > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -p tcp --dport 80 -j DNAT --to-destination 38.105.20.226:80 iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -j MASQUERADE The server I want it to redirect to is 38.105.20.226:80, but when I go to the webserver that is on the main server, instead of showing the content of the web server on 38.105.20.226:80, it just doesn't load. I am on CentOS.

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• understanding mount -o bind

  - by Ionut

  Few questions after the following commands: mount -o bind /new_disk/home/user/ /home/user/ mount -o bind --no-mtab /new_disk/home/user/ /home/user/ What is the difference between the two commands other than " Mount without writing in /etc/mtab. This is necessary for example when /etc is on a read-only filesystem." What is the difference between mount -o bind and mount --bind ...if there are Let's suppose i don't know there is a partition mounted using -o bind --no-mtab...where can I find if there is any mound point with bind ? The only way i can detect this is grep user /proc/mounts but in that line there is no info abut bind. Thank you.

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• set tap0 using virt-manager for bridged wireless

  - by DaveO

  After 3 days I finally have kvm guests working on the network via wireless (link below - thanks!): My network is 192.168.1.0/24 on the host: sudo sh -c "echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward" sudo tunctl -t tap0 sudo ip link set tap0 up sudo ip addr add 192.168.1.25/24 dev tap0 sudo route add -host 192.168.1.30 dev tap0 sudo parprouted wlan0 tap0 on the guest: auto eth0 iface eth0 inet static address 192.168.1.30 netmask 255.255.255.0 network 192.168.1.0 broadcast 192.168.1.255 gateway 192.168.1.25 and start the guest: sudo kvm /path/to/guest.img -net nic,macaddr=DE:AD:BE:EF:90:26 -net tap,ifname=tap0,script=no This works great and I can ping the local network and the internet back and forth between the guest. But how do I add these settings to the guest's xml config so I can start the guest via virt-manager with the same nic settings? ref: http://www.linuxquestions.org/questions/debian-26/kvm-wireless-bridge-network-691953/

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• How do i restart my linux server in every 2 days via crontab?

  - by Barkat Ullah

  I have a Linux server containing the os version below: Linux 2.6.32-220.7.1.el6.x86_64 I want to restart it in every 2 days, please help me, I want to do it via crontab. Another help, I used a code below to drop my memory caches in every hour. 0 * * * * /root/clearcache.sh #!/bin/sh sync; echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches But 1st 15 in every hour my server remain so slow after cleaning the caches. My sites do not load during every hour in 1st 15 minutes. In another way if I restart my server then also caches are removed. So I decided to restart my server in every 2 days to drop my caches. Will it be helpful to restart? Or is there any other way to drop my memory caches that will not down my server?

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• Munin "Available entropy" when using address space layout randomization

  - by clawspoon

  Having just configured munin for statistics logging on my gentoo server (hardened profile), I am noticing that my "Available entropy" is consitently in the 200-300 range. This seems way to low, so I checked it manually using the command $ cat /proc/sys/kernel/random/entropy_avail 3544 Odd. Consistently very low values in Munin and practically filled up when checking manually. After thinking about the problem for a while I came to the conclusion that the problem is probably that I'm using Adress Space Layout Randomization which is using the entropy when running commands/programs. Since Munin runs a whole slew of programs all the entropy is used up, and Munin then measures how much entropy there is, resulting in the low values. Does anyone have any experience with this? How can this be avoided?

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• Clear / Flush cached memory

  - by TheDave

  I have a small VPS with 6GB RAM hosting a couple of websites. Recently I have noticed that my cached memory size is quite high - see below: Cpu(s): 0.1%us, 0.1%sy, 0.0%ni, 99.1%id, 0.0%wa, 0.2%hi, 0.4%si, 0.0%st Mem: 6113256k total, 5949620k used, 163636k free, 398584k buffers Swap: 1048564k total, 104k used, 1048460k free, 3586468k cached After investigating if there is some method to have this flushed or cleared I stumbled upon a command which is: sync; echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches I read it could be useful to add this to a chron-task/job. Is this method recommended or could this lead to potential problems? The only concern I have is that I use one Magento installation on Memcached - could this have any negative effects on it? I am certainly not a pro therefore I would very much appreciate some expert advise. PS: My VPS runs on CentOS 5 x64 and I have WHM + NGINX installed.

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• Is there a test to see if hardware virtualization (vmx / svm) are presently enabled within a Linux session?

  - by Dr. Edward Morbius

  I'm writing procedures for configuring VirtualBox support for 64-bit SMP guests, which requires hardware virtualization suppot (VTx/Intel, AMD-V/AMD). I have successfully configured this myself, however I'd like the procedure to be clear. sed -ne '/^flags/s/^.*: //p' /proc/cpuinfo | egrep -q '(vmx|svm)' && echo Has hardware virt || echo No HW virt ... shows if the CPU is capable. I've still got to go enable the feature in BIOS. Any way to test from within Linux to see that this is no or not? Thanks. (Edit: s/xvm/svm/ in title)

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• How to use second volume devide of amazon EC2

  - by Khoyendra Pande

  I have two volumes of amazon EC2 where by default 1 GiB volume using which has fulled. Now I want to use my second volume which is 9 Gim. I used command cat /proc/partitions I got major minor #blocks name 202 1 1048576 xvda1 202 80 9437184 xvdf Then I hit mkfs.ext3 -F /dev/sdf its showing mkfs.ext3: No such file or directory while trying to determine filesystem size then I hit command df and I got Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on /dev/xvda1 1032088 1031280 0 100% / tmpfs 313160 8 313152 1% /lib/init/rw udev 297800 24 297776 1% /dev tmpfs 313160 4 313156 1% /dev/shm overflow 1024 32 992 4% /tmp means still I am unable to use my 9 GiB space Volume. I am conform I have two volume where attachment information is i-7e4fb41c:/dev/sda1 (attached) and i-7e4fb41c:/dev/sdf (attached) where only sda1 is using. Any one know how may I use my second volume(sdf). Thx

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• Linux says a kernel module has an unknown symbol, but another loaded module provides it.

  - by raldi

  I'm trying to install a driver for a USB DAQ box, which annoyingly, I have to compile myself. I believe I've succeeded -- I have two .ko files: -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 45271 2010-03-18 21:24 advdrv_core.ko -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 24312 2010-03-18 21:24 usb4761.ko I was able to run insmod on the first without incident, but when I try on the second, I get a flood of messages: kernel: [686782.106547] usb4761: no symbol version for adv_process_info_check_event kernel: [686782.106555] usb4761: Unknown symbol adv_process_info_check_event kernel: [686782.106691] usb4761: no symbol version for advdrv_unregister_driver kernel: [686782.106695] usb4761: Unknown symbol advdrv_unregister_driver However, advdrv_core.ko provides these symbols. My kernel sure seems to have them in memory: # cat /proc/kallsyms | grep advdrv_unregister_driver f8d88504 r __ksymtab_advdrv_unregister_driver [advdrv_core] f8d888d2 r __kstrtab_advdrv_unregister_driver [advdrv_core] f8d885a4 r __kcrctab_advdrv_unregister_driver [advdrv_core] 086eb8fb a __crc_advdrv_unregister_driver [advdrv_core] f8d86e90 t advdrv_unregister_driver [advdrv_core] Why does my insmod claim they're unknown symbols?

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• Locking down a server for shared internet hosting.

  - by Wil

  Basically I control several servers and I only host either static websites or scripts which I have designed, so I trust them up to a point. However, I have a few customers who want to start using scripts such as Wordpress or many others - and they want full control over their account. I have started to do the basics - like on php.ini, I have locked it down and restricted commands such as proc, however, there is obviously a lot more I can do. right now, using NTFS permissions, I am trying to lock down the server by running Application Pools and individual sites in their own user, however I feel like I am hitting brick walls... (My old question on Server Fault). At the moment, the only route I can think of is either to implement an off the shelf control panel - which will be expensive and quite frankly, over the top, or look at the Microsoft guide - which is really for an entire infrastructure, not for someone who just wants to lock down a few servers. Does anyone have any guides that can put me on the correct path?

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• How to tell if linux disk IO is causing excessive (> 1 second) application stalls

  - by noahz

  I have a Java application performing a large volume (hundreds of MB) of continuous output (streaming plain text) to about a dozen files a ext3 SAN filesystem. Occasionally, this application pauses for several seconds at a time. I suspect that something related to ext3 vsfs (Veritas Filesystem) functionality (and/or how it interacts with the OS) is the culprit. What steps can I take to confirm or refute this theory? I am aware of iostat and /proc/diskstats as starting points. Revised title to de-emphasize journaling and emphasize "stalls" I have done some googling and found at least one article that seems to describe behavior like I am observing: Solving the ext3 latency problem Additional Information Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 5.3 (Tikanga) Kernel: 2.6.18-194.32.1.el5 Primary application disk is fiber-channel SAN: lspci | grep -i fibre 14:00.0 Fibre Channel: Emulex Corporation Saturn-X: LightPulse Fibre Channel Host Adapter (rev 03) Mount info: type vxfs (rw,tmplog,largefiles,mincache=tmpcache,ioerror=mwdisable) 0 0 cat /sys/block/VxVM123456/queue/scheduler noop anticipatory [deadline] cfq

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• does the *physical* order/location of drives in a mdadm-managed RAID-10 array matter?

  - by locuse

  i've setup a 4-drive RAID-10 array using mdadm-managed, software-raid on an x86_64 box. it'd up & running and works as expected, cat /proc/mdstat md127 : active raid10 sdc2[2] sdd2[3] sda2[0] sdb2[1] 1951397888 blocks super 1.2 512K chunks 2 far-copies [4/4] [UUUU] bitmap: 9/466 pages [36KB], 2048KB chunk atm the four SATA drives are physically plugged into the motherboard's 1st four SATA ports. i'd like to gather the necessary/complete info for catastrophic recovery. reading starting here, http://neil.brown.name/blog, and the mailing list, i'm not yet completely confident i have it right. i understand 'drive order matters'. is that logical, &/or physical order that matters? if i unplugged the four drives in this array, and plugged them each back into different ports on the motherboard or a pci card, as long as i've changed nothing in software config, will the array correctly auto-re-assemble?

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• Reshape linux md raid5 that is already being reshaped?

  - by smammy

  I just converted my RAID1 array to a RAID5 array and added a third disk to it. I'd like to add a fourth disk without waiting fourteen hours for the first reshape to complete. I just did this: mdadm /dev/md0 --add /dev/sdf1 mdadm --grow /dev/md0 --raid-devices=3 --backup-file=/root/md0_n3.bak The entry in /proc/mdstat looks like this: md0 : active raid5 sdf1[2] sda1[0] sdb1[1] 976759936 blocks super 0.91 level 5, 64k chunk, algorithm 2 [3/3] [UUU] [>....................] reshape = 1.8% (18162944/976759936) finish=834.3min speed=19132K/sec Now I'd like to do this: mdadm /dev/md0 --add /dev/sdd1 mdadm --grow /dev/md0 --raid-devices=4 --backup-file=/root/md8_n4.bak Is this safe, or do I have to wait for the first reshape operation to complete? P.S.: I know I should have added both disks first, and then reshaped from 2 to 4 devices, but it's a little late for that.

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• mdadm - Recovering a 'split' RAID1 array

  - by Hamza

  I have two drives that used to be part of a single RAID1 volume but it appears that one of them went offline for some time, something I've noticed just now when I rebooted my system. I now seem to have two RAID volumes, as reported by: # cat /proc/mdstat Personalities : [linear] [multipath] [raid0] [raid1] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [raid10] md126 : active raid1 sdc[1] 2096116 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [_U] md127 : active (auto-read-only) raid1 sdb[0] 2096116 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [U_] unused devices: <none> Not exactly sure where to go from here. How can I merge and re-sync these volumes without data loss? Thanks.

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• Caching DNS server (bind9.2) CPU usage is so so so high

  - by Gk.

  I have a caching-only dns server which get ~3k queries per second. Here is specs: Xeon dual-core 2,8GHz 4GB of RAM Centos 5x (kernel 2.6.18-164.15.1.el5PAE) bind 9.4.2 rndc status: recursive clients: 666/4900/5000 About 300 new queries (not in cache) per second. Bind always uses 100% on one core on single-thread config. After I recompiled it to multi-thread, it uses nearly 200% on two core :( No iowait, only sys and user. I searched around but didn't see any info about how bind use CPU. Why does it become bottleneck? One more thing, here is RAM usage: cat /proc/meminfo MemTotal: 4147876 kB MemFree: 1863972 kB Buffers: 143632 kB Cached: 372792 kB SwapCached: 0 kB Active: 1916804 kB Inactive: 276056 kB I've set max-cache-size to 0 to make sure bind can use as much RAM as it want, but it always stop at ~2GB. Since every second we got not cached queries so theoretically RAM must be exhausted but it wasn't. Do you have any idea? TIA, -Gk

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• Killing CLOSE_WAIT sockets without killing parent process on Linux

  - by Alex Neth

  Tomcat is leaving me with CLOSE_WAIT sockets which ultimately saturate the maximum number of connections. I've tried many methods in my client and server code to get rid of these to no avail, including closing connections, calling System.gc(), etc. Now I'm trying to find a way to simply time these out quickly in the OS. I've got conntrack working, but am not sure how to use that to kill these connections. I've also set /proc/sys/net/ipv4/netfilter/ip_conntrack_tcp_timeout_close_wait to 1, which of course is too low but the connections persist. Is there a way to kill these zombie sockets? Running Ubuntu.

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• sp_releaseapplock timeout expired cause?

  - by Darian Miller

  I've been using a combination of sp_getapplock and sp_releaseapplock for some custom application locking purposes for years now with success and just the last few days I've started to get some timeout expired errors on a sp_releaseapplock which is a bit puzzling. When listing the current locks, there's less than a dozen of these active, and the rest of the dedicated server is way underutilized at the moment (less than 100 batches/sec with a mutli-processor, 32GB Ram, higher end machine.) Is there a specific resource to be monitored that may point me in the right direction for determing why such a lightweight operation is timing out? This is called within a stored proc with a timeout of 120 seconds which seems to be amazingly long for this operation to timeout on. SQL 2000 SP4 running on Windows 2003 Server. TSQL used (@pLockUniqueName is VarChar(255)) EXEC @pLockSuccess = sp_getapplock @pLockUniqueName, 'Exclusive', 'Session', 0 EXEC @pUnLockSuccess = sp_releaseapplock @pLockUniqueName, 'Session' Thanks, Darian

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• Root cause for high CPU usage; which measurement to trust more: Windows Task Manager or Process Explorer?

  - by p.campbell

  Consider this Windows 8.1 machine (in-place upgrade from Windows 8) with differing reports on its CPU usage. The machine is idle, and has been for 3 days. There are no CPU intensive tasks running currently nor over the 3 day idle period. Windows Task Manager is reporting CPU usage constantly at an incredibly high value (and increasing over time!) at around 75%. Process Explorer from SysInternals reports that the CPU usage is much different at around 42% How does Process Explorer report 42.14% usage, but its columns report Idle at 57%, with the sum of the other processes not even approaching 10%? Which of these two values should I trust more, and why should it be trusted over the other measurement? How can I actually determine which process is causing Task Manager to report its values? These Proc Exp metrics were taken with Administrator privileges, and with option 'Show Details for All Processes' Click for larger view:

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• Can a named (bind) crash make a server unreachable?

  - by giorgio79

  My server recently became unreachable, and after restart a named error was the last line I found in /var/log/messages before restart: Jun 26 00:15:06 host named[1303]: error (network unreachable) resolving 'dlv.isc.org/DNSKEY/IN': 2001:500:71::29#53 Jun 26 06:38:55 host kernel: imklog 5.8.10, log source = /proc/kmsg started. Jun 26 06:38:55 host rsyslogd: [origin software="rsyslogd" swVersion="5.8.10" x-pid="1294" x-info="http://www.rsyslog.com"] start Jun 26 06:38:55 host kernel: Initializing cgroup subsys cpuset Can a named crash make a server unreachable? I doubt it, as I assume I should still be able to login with ssh via IP, but the server did not respond...So, I am trying to make heavy guesses here.

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• ata error: UnrecovData Handshk

  - by Aaron Digulla

  I just saw this message in my log (openSUSE 11.3, Linux 2.6.36.2): ata6.00: exception Emask 0x10 SAct 0x1 SErr 0x400100 action 0x6 frozen ata6.00: irq_stat 0x08000000, interface fatal error ata6: SError: { UnrecovData Handshk } ata6.00: failed command: WRITE FPDMA QUEUED ata6.00: cmd 61/58:00:9f:69:00/00:00:00:00:00/40 tag 0 ncq 45056 out res 40/00:04:9f:69:00/00:00:00:00:00/40 Emask 0x10 (ATA bus error) ata6.00: status: { DRDY } ata6: hard resetting link ata6: SATA link up 3.0 Gbps (SStatus 123 SControl 300) ata6.00: configured for UDMA/133 ata6: EH complete Two questions: Which disk caused the error? I search /sys and /proc but couldn't find a way to map ata6 to a device (/dev/sdaXY) When such an error happens, does Linux retry the disk operation? Or do I have a corrupt filesystem?

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