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• iptables: How to read this OPT string?

  - by alex

  I have a simple INPUT rule for iptables that logs any new connections to a logfile. --log-tcp-options and --log-ip-options flags are both set and I get the appropriate OPT output. One line of my log looks something like this: Nov 29 17:00:00 IN=venet0 OUT= MAC= SRC=x.x.x.x DST=x.x.x.x LEN=64 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=53 ID=37898 DF PROTO=TCP SPT=57755 DPT=8888 WINDOW=65535 RES=0x00 SYN URGP=0 OPT (0204057D010303010101080A3E521D4D0000000004020000) I would like to understand how to interpret the OPT string (bold). Is there some documentation available on what it actually means? How could I make it human-readable?

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• configure /etc/hosts file so ALL applications always use local network when it makes sense to do so?

  - by gkdsp

  I have two Linux CentOS servers setup in a local network. ServerA is 192.168.0.1 and serverB is 192.168.0.2. There's an application on serverA that communicates with serverB using host2.serverAname.com. But, the traffic is blocked on serverB because the port being used has a firewall that only allows traffic on the local network to pass. Thus, serverB needs to see traffic from serverA as originating from 192.168.0.1 (instead of host2.serverA.com). Is there a way I can configure the /etc/hosts file to ensure traffic always sent between the two servers uses local IP addresses, regardless of what hostname is in use, and for ALL applications? If so, could someone walk me through an example? I only have 2 servers, so the simpler the better.

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• How does fail2ban 0.9 database storage actually works?

  - by Arantir

  Fail2ban 0.9 introduce database storage to save bans on restart. But I can't find out the actual mechanism of it work. There is dbpurgeage parameter which controls lifetime of old bans, defaults to 24 hours. As I see from code research, fail2ban saves a ban to the db with timeofban equals to the moment of ban being saved. Then every dbpurgeage period it removes all bans with timeofban < MyTime.time() - self._purgeAge, in other words removes all bans have been stored more than 24 hours ago. But what if an IP was banned for the month? Does all this mean that with dbpurgeage = 86400 after restart in 24 hours I will lost all bans longer than 24 hours? I just want that all my permanent bans will be preserved in any case.

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• What value does SenderID provide over SPF and DKIM?

  - by makerofthings7

  I understand that SPF "binds" a message envelope to a set of permitted IP addresses. SenderID (with the default pra option) "binds" the message header to a set of permitted IPs in addition to the SPF logic. DKIM "binds" the from address header (and any additional header the sender chooses), and the body to a DNS Domain name I'm using the word "bind" above instead of "authorized" because it makes more sense (to me) Questions: If SPF is already verifies a message FROM in the envelope, why is there a need to check the headers? When would the need to verify the envelope (SPF) need to be different than the headers (SenderID) If I'm already verifying the headers with DKIM, why do I need SenderID? Most large companies I've checked don't disable SenderID with an explicit record. EBay is a notable example of one that does. What is the rationale for disabling SenderID "pra" processing of outbound messages?

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• Linux box acting as wireless access point to share the internet connection

  - by Suresh

  A linux machine is connected to internet over two interfaces ppp0 and ppp1 using two modems. Also this machine acts as wireless access point through an interface say, eth0 with ip address 192.168.1.1 and acts as gateway for the connected devices through this network with subnet mask 255.255.255.0 Now is it possible to achieve the following: When any of the connected devices through wireless AP needs internet connection linux machine has to use ppp1 interface for internet. If any of the applications on the linux machine needs internet connection linux machine should use ppp0 interface for the internet. Can this be achieved by adding rules to chains in filter/nat tables? If the kernel routing table has a default rule to route the default traffic through interface ppp0, wil kernel completely ignore ppp1 for internet? PS: new to networking and routing concepts, If the question is not clear leave a comment, will try to give more information.

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• Win 2008 r2 -- client and server are both behind a NAT

  - by Mike Dehari

  I am new to win2008. Have Win2008 R2 installed. Need to know how a client system (Win7), using remote desktop, terminal server, or whatever windows 2008 provides to connect to it (as a user or an admin). Both the client (Win7) and the server (win2008) are inside a NAT (with 192.168......... addresses). Both have real internet addresses (they are in different cities 173.64.......). How can I use the internet from the client (Win7) to connect to the server (Win2008). On both systems, I have "allowed other systems to connect". I am familiar with tcp/ip, ports......etc.

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• Missing eth0 configuration file

  - by Godric Seer

  I have two servers both running Scientific Linux 6 on the same network. Since I want SSH access to both of them, I want to give them both static IPs so I can setup port forwarding and not worry how my router assigns local IPs. I found that I need to edit the configuration file /etc/network-scripts/ifcng-eth0, however that file does not exist. The network card works fine, and I am able to ssh as long as I access the router and find the local ip. Can I simply make my own configuration file, or did I miss some step in configuring the system that I need to complete?

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• Unknown Host Error, is this a registrar problem or a host problem?

  - by jerrygarciuh

  Hi guys, I am dealing with a barrel of weasels on this one. Ad agency registered the domain in mid-August with Network Solutions. 72 hours ago I updated the DNS to point to a host provided by an associate of the client whose credentials are dubious. The DNS servers are at NETSONIC.NET (NS1 and NS2) and respond to ping no problem. I can FTP to the server using its IP but the name is no go. The name is also no go for tracert and ping: tracert voodoobbqfranchise.com Unable to resolve target system name voodoobbqfranchise.com. ping voodoobbqfranchise.com ping: unknown host voodoobbqfranchise.com I called NetSol and of course their tier one guy swears it must be the host but I insist that an unknown host must be a NetSol issue. Otherwise we'd get somethng like an httpd_conf error after being routed to the Netsonic server. Am I right? Is this an issue at the registrar? TIA JG

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• Configure VPN to access remote LAN network on Windows7

  - by PiotrK

  Situation: I have two Windows7 machines (PC and laptop). I've set PC as VPN server and laptop as VPN client using default built-in W7 network tools. I've disabled use default gateway in remote network on client machine, so client don't try to route all communication through VPN. I've routed port 1723 (TCP/UDP) on NAT to my server and enabled IPSec/PPTP/L2TP passthrough I've put my laptop in indepedent network (basically I've connected it via 3G network), connected to VPN server and checked ipconfig /all I've get: IP Address: 192.168.1.101 Mask: 255.255.255.255 Gateway: (none) LAN mask in server LAN network is 255.255.255.0 - I am surely missing something obvious, but Google doesn't give me any good advices; How can I access local LAN network from remote VPN client? How can I access local shared documents?

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• Running bridged-networking vmware player on a Linux machine with 2 interfaces

  - by Roman D

  I have got a laptop running Arch Linux with 2 interfaces: wireless (wlan0) and ethernet (eth0). I use wlan0 to access internet (static IP, networking is configured using netcfg), and I connect a second PC to the eth0. Now, whenever I start vmware player (v. 4.0.4), it chooses wlan0 to connect its bridged virtual NIC to, but I need it to connect to eth0 (I want my guest machine to be able to talk to the second physical PC on eth0). So, I disable the wlan0 interface (netcfg -d wireless) and restart vmware. Now, it connects to eth0, and everything works fine; I can ping the host PC from the virtual one, and I can ping the virtual PC from the second physical PC connected to eth0. Then, if I try to reenable the wlan0 interface (netcfg -u wireless), all of the connectivity between the host and the guest (and between the second physical PC and the guest) gets lost, until I disable wlan0 again. Can someone please give me a hint on what's going on?

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• Remote Access Problems with DRAC 5 on Dell PowerEdge 1950

  - by Darin Peterson

  Today I received my first Dell PowerEdge 1950 server with a DRAC 5 card. On my local network I have static configurations on my Linux systems using this for instance: iface eth0 inet static address 192.168.1.210 netmask 255.255.255.0 network 192.168.1.0 broadcast 192.168.1.255 gateway 192.168.1.1 dns-nameservers 8.8.8.8 8.8.4.4 For the DRAC card, I configured the LAN like this: address 192.168.1.215 netmask 255.255.255.0 gateway 192.168.1.1 For the advanced LAN settings I used dns-nameservers 8.8.8.8 8.8.4.4 I've tried many different IP addresses, but cannot communicate with the card. Is there anyone who might know if I have configuration issues, or maybe if the card might be bad?

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• Netgear Wireless-n 150 wrn1000v2

  - by Jordan

  I'm not sure if this is the place to ask this question, move it if it's not. I'm trying to fix a wireless network. It only connects to a few devices and when it does work the connection is spotty. The router is a netgear wireless-n 150 wrn1000v2. Connecting to the router isn't a big problem, but connecting to the internet via WiFi is. I can't upgrade the firmware becuase it is from Comcast and it seems as though they only allow their versions of the firmware. I've monitored the network with wireshark and I see that the devices that are having trouble connecting are constantly asking "who is 192.168.1.1 tell 192.168.1.x" where x is the ip for the device. 192.168.1.1 is the router. This is from running wireshark on the wireless device. What does this mean. At this point I feel like buying a new router is the only option.

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• Strategies for very fast delivery of webpages.

  - by Cherian

  I run a website Cucumbertown with an initial pay load of nearly 9KB zipped. All my js is delayed loaded with requirejs and modernizer is the only exception. Now all my webpages are Nginx cached and only 10-15% hits go to the backend proxy. And the cache is invalidated by logged in users as proxy_cache_bypass. So for an anonymous user its nearly always a cache hit. I have some basic OS tuning with default via ip dev eth0 initcwnd 15 net.ipv4.tcp_slow_start_after_idle 0 Despite an all cache & large initcwnd my pages still take 2.5 – 3 seconds. I have a yslow score of And page speed at Are there strategies that can help deliver webpages even faster than this? Deliver pages at 1+ second time for 10KB payload? Notes: My servers run of a fairly good data center from Linode at Fremont.

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• Should I consolidate multiple identical VMs into BSD jails?

  - by Josh

  We run a number of Openfire XMPP/Jabber servers. Due to the way Openfire works, we cannot easily run multiple Openfire instances on one server, so I have 5 identical VMware ESXi VMs, each with CentOS, MySQl, Java, and Openfire. They're the exact same, except for their IP addresses, the actual Openfire MySQL database and it's config file. I am wondering if this is the optimal configuration, or if it would be better to move these VMs to a single FreeBSD machine and put each one inside a FreeBSD jail. Specifically, I am wondering if the benefit of VMWare's Transparent Page Sharing (TPS) would outweight the cost of running 5 identical OSes. Would I end up using less memory with one large FreeBSD machine and java running in bsd jails?

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• How to setup and manage a shared hosting server on Windows Server 2008 R2 Web Edition?

  - by Motivated Student

  Background I am a newbie in using Windows Server 2008 R2 Web Edition (and other editions as well). I have a static IP, a very fast internet connection, a server (PRIMERGY TX100 S1 Server) and Windows Server 2008 R2 Web Edition (trial version). The objective is to setup the server to be a shared hosting server such that each of my friends has a private account to manage his/her domain. to upload his/her web content to the server using the encrypted ftp. to manage database administration. to manage Certificate. etc Questions Is there a good reference to learn "how to setup and manage a shared hosting server on Windows Server 2008 R2" ? What are the rough steps I have to do to accomplish my objective?

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• DNS resolution over DHCP

  - by Eric

  I have a m0n0wall router a VMWare workstation running ubuntu a windows 7 workstation running the VM The ubuntu hostname is "renraku" From the windows machine I can't resolve dns automatically for this host. For example, when I ping renraku Ping request could not find host renraku. Please check the name and try again. However nslookup seems to work nslookup renraku Server: m0n0wall.local Address: 192.168.123.254 Name: renraku Address: 192.168.123.248 I don't get how to have ping to work with hostnames. The main goal behind this is to have my web server to work with hostnames instead of ip addresses EDIT : ping 192.168.123.248 works

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• IIS 7.5 doesn't load static html pages

  - by Kizz

  There is an IIS 7.5 freshly installed on a dedicated server. ASP.NET 4.0 Web app copied to its folder, new website is created on its own IP on post 80, IIS_IUSR and IUSR accounts have read/execute rights on site's folder, the site is assigned to its own Integrated app pool with 4.0 .NET (I tried Classic pool with the same results). The problem: when I try to access this web site, browser only loads content generated by .NET resources such as aspx pages, .axd files, etc. Static images, static js, css and html files are in the page source but IIS doesn't serve them. Dev tools in all browsers complain that all those static resources have been sent by the server with wrong content type (plain text instead of image, styles, etc). What do I do wrong?

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• Can't get bridged networking to work between linux guest virtual machine and Mac host

  - by tgoneil

  I'm trying to establish bridged networking from linux mint vsn 12 in virtualbox to a Mac Lion host. Mac config: Network setting: en3 configured by DHCP Sharing setting: Internet Sharing selected, Share connection from en3 to computers using en3 Virtualbox Linux setting: Network setting: Bridged Adapter, Name: en3 I can ping from host (192.168.2.1) to guest (192.168.2.2) and guest to host, but I Cannot ping from the Linux guest to the outside world. Connection in host is up, because I can ping from the Mac host to the outside world. Something else that's seems weird to me, in the Mac Network setting, the IP Address generated by DHCP says 169.254.243.185. What the heck is that?? When I open a terminal up in the Mac, however, ifconfig shows its en3 inet address as 192.168.2.1.

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• Exchange Disconnecting on EHLO with remote telnet

  - by Timothy Baldridge

  When I go to the local terminal on my Exchange box (SBS 2008) I can do this: telnet 127.0.0.1 25 220 Exchange banner here EHLO example.com 250 Server name However when I go from another box, or from the actual IP of the server I get this: telnet 192.168.21.20 25 220 Exchange banner here EHLO example.com 421 4.4.1 Connection timed out Connection to host lost. The odd thing is, this server is currently in production and working fine (receiving mail for our entire domain). But my C# programs can't send mail to it (they get this same error). Any ideas?

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• restricting access only through domains on nginx on virtual hosts

  - by Mo J. Mughrabi

  I have finished setting up nginx for virtual hosting, this is how my config files look like server { listen 80; server_name domain.com; access_log /home/domain.com/prod_webapp/logs/access.domain.com.log; error_log /home/domain.com/prod_webapp/logs/error.domain.com.log; location /static { root /home/domain.com/prod_webapp/mocorner/ph/; } location / { try_files $uri @uwsgi; } location @uwsgi { include uwsgi_params; uwsgi_pass unix:/tmp/domain_uwsgi.sock; }} on the same machine, I have domain1.com and domain2.com, each when i access I get its content which is great. My problem is that when i try to access the user using the IP address i get one of the sites in the virtual hosts too.. Although i disabled the default (removed the symbolic link) from sites-enabled folder but still not solved it for me. any suggestions?

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• Setting Up Multiple Domains (plus wildcard subdomains) to Point to the Same Site/VirtualHost

  - by Derek Reynolds

  I have my primary domain with wildcard subdomains setup already. username.maindomain.com and maindomain.com I want to provide my users with additional domains that they can select. additional1.com, additional2.com, additional3.com... These additional domains would also need to support wildcard subdomains (as the subdomains route to a username). Anyone know how to properly configure this in DNS and VirtualHost config? Currently I have the additional domains as A records pointing to the same IP as my main domain (with a wildcard subdomain A record for each as well). In my VirtualHost config I am placing the additional domain names in the ServerAlias directive. Let me know if any more detail is needed.

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• nameservers one domain one VPS and one VMCloud

  - by Dave

  I 'had' just a single VPS with nameservers ns1 & ns2.mydomain.com. I've now taken a VMCloud package as I need space etc. Ultimately I will carefully transfer all accounts from my VPS to Cloud but in the short term I'm running both. In the new WHM on Cloud I have set hostname bla.domian nameservers as ns3 & ns4.mydomain.com with the two new ip addresses. Question is do I need to do anything else - eg where mydomain.com is registered? I want ns1 & 2 point to VPS and ns3 & 4 to point to Cloud.

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• Cannot connect remote mysql, Cpanel?

  - by BerkErarslan

  I use centos and cpanel I need to use remote mysql with php. I add the ip which I try connect to server to "Remote Database Access Hosts" on Cpanel. However, when I try to connect server with this code: <?php $link = mysql_connect("server_ip", "xxx", "xxx") or die(mysql_error()); $db = mysql_select_db("xxx", $link) or die (mysql_error()); print_r($db); I have error like this: Warning: mysql_connect() [function.mysql-connect]: Can't connect to MySQL server on 'xxxx' (10060) in C:\AppServ\www\test.php on line 3 Can't connect to MySQL server on '94.138.204.234' (10060) I also try to connect using "server_ip:3306" but it still doesn't work. How Can I solve this problem ?

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• Mac Mini's internet very slow, every other device fine (PC, iPhone, Xbox 360)

  - by alex

  I recently haven't used my Mac Mini for about 5 days (however it was left on). I seem to be able to connect and get great download / upload speeds through my PC, Xbox 360, iPhone and parents' laptop. However, my Mac Mini is very slow. OS X's Mail.app is downloading mail at 0.4kbps and then dropping to 0. Skype file transfers are doing the same. Browsing the net is a terrible experience. It is taking 30 seconds or more to download basic pages. All of my devices connect wirelessly to a Netgear router / modem. I have tried giving the Mac Mini a manual IP, and renew DHCP lease, as well as flush DNS in Terminal. I have also rebooted the router / modem twice, and the Mac Mini twice. Do you know what could be causing this? Thanks

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• In ufw is there any way to disable logging for a particular rule?

  - by thomasrutter

  I am using UFW with a default logging policy of "low". I would like to keep this logging on for the default deny action, but disable it for a particular IP address only. So I'd like to create one particular new rule that doesn't have logging. Is there a way to achieve this? I have a rather uncomplicated ufw setup so far, like this: Status: active Logging: on (low) Default: deny (incoming), allow (outgoing) New profiles: skip To Action From -- ------ ---- 22/tcp LIMIT Anywhere 80/tcp ALLOW Anywhere 443/tcp ALLOW Anywhere 22/tcp ALLOW Anywhere (v6) 80/tcp ALLOW Anywhere (v6) 443/tcp ALLOW Anywhere (v6)

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