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• Optimal file system type and mount options for an rsnapshot dedicated drive

  - by Nimmy Lebby

  We have an external USB 2 drive that we are using as a backup drive for our configuration. We use rsnapshot for the backups. It uses a few standard commands for managing snapshots: rm -rf: deletes expired snapshots mv: moves older snapshots down a slot cp -al: duplicates last snapshot to new slot rsync -a --delete --numeric-ids --relative: synchronizes new snapshot As you could see by the log below, the majority of the time is spent on the rm -rf and the cp -al steps: [25/Dec/2010:14:00:02] rsnapshot hourly: started [25/Dec/2010:14:00:02] echo 21012 > /var/run/rsnapshot.pid [25/Dec/2010:14:00:02] rm -rf /mnt/extdrive/snapshots/hourly.5/ [25/Dec/2010:14:15:48] mv /mnt/extdrive/snapshots/hourly.4/ /mnt/extdrive/snapshots/hourly.5/ [25/Dec/2010:14:15:48] mv /mnt/extdrive/snapshots/hourly.3/ /mnt/extdrive/snapshots/hourly.4/ [25/Dec/2010:14:15:48] mv /mnt/extdrive/snapshots/hourly.2/ /mnt/extdrive/snapshots/hourly.3/ [25/Dec/2010:14:15:48] mv /mnt/extdrive/snapshots/hourly.1/ /mnt/extdrive/snapshots/hourly.2/ [25/Dec/2010:14:15:48] cp -al /mnt/extdrive/snapshots/hourly.0 /mnt/extdrive/snapshots/hourly.1 [25/Dec/2010:14:23:32] rsync -a --delete --numeric-ids --relative /etc /mnt/extdrive/snapshots/hourly.0/sm4/ [25/Dec/2010:14:23:52] touch /mnt/extdrive/snapshots/hourly.0/ [25/Dec/2010:14:23:52] rm -f /var/run/rsnapshot.pid [25/Dec/2010:14:23:52] rsnapshot hourly: completed successfully My questions: I'm currently using ext4 for the filesystem. Maybe this is not the best choice from those available in Red Hat. Anyone have any recommendations that would speed up the process? The partition's mount options are sync,dirsync 1 2. Is there a way to optimize this since it's solely used for rsnapshot? Of course, reasoning would be greatly appreciated.

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• extract recipient addresses from mailer-daemon messages

  - by Frank Peixoto

  I need generate and email to a mailing list administrator a list of email addresses that have generated a bounceback message, to allow him to clean up the mailing list. A separate mailbox will be dedicated to receiving those messages, so I need to extract the recipients that have bounced. What's the easiest way to extract those from the mail file for that special mailbox?

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• xorg DPMS off: keep VT from turning screen back on

  - by Metiu

  I have an embedded board with a small UPS. When AC power goes down, I need to turn off all power hungry devices in order to have a clean shutdown. First thing I do, is set DPMS to force powerdown, then go through the usual SIGTERM/SIGKILL/umount sequence. I have an Intel i915 Display adapter connected to an LVDS LCD panel. Unfortunately, when Xorg dies, Xserver or the VT code turn the LCD panel back on. I even tried working around it by directly poking the panel enable register in the Display chip, so that X doesn't know about it, but the panel goes back on when the VT comes back. Is there any "legal" way of keeping the display off? Thank you

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• How can I sign my server with an SSL certificate

  - by Saif Bechan

  I have a dedicated server and I want to use one domain name for default entrance to the system. My system is Apache 2 on CentOS 5.4. Lets says the domain name is mydomain.com. I have also bought an SSL certificate and installed it to work with this default domain. Still when I restart Apache I get the following error message: [Sat May 01 02:21:22 2010] [warn] RSA server certificate is a CA certificate (BasicConstraints: CA == TRUE !?) [Sat May 01 02:21:22 2010] [warn] RSA server certificate CommonName (CN) `mydomain.com' does NOT match server name!? Does anyone have an idea how I can remove this message. I have the server, domain name, and ssl key.

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• Why won't dhclient use the static IP I'm telling it to request?

  - by mike

  Here's my /etc/dhcp3/dhclient.conf: request subnet-mask, broadcast-address, time-offset, routers, domain-name, domain-name-servers, domain-search, host-name, netbios-name-servers, netbios-scope, interface-mtu; timeout 60; reject 192.168.1.27; alias { interface "eth0"; fixed-address 192.168.1.222; } lease { interface "eth0"; fixed-address 192.168.1.222; option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0; option broadcast-address 255.255.255.255; option routers 192.168.1.254; option domain-name-servers 192.168.1.254; } When I run "dhclient eth0", I get this: There is already a pid file /var/run/dhclient.pid with pid 6511 killed old client process, removed PID file Internet Systems Consortium DHCP Client V3.1.1 Copyright 2004-2008 Internet Systems Consortium. All rights reserved. For info, please visit http://www.isc.org/sw/dhcp/ wmaster0: unknown hardware address type 801 wmaster0: unknown hardware address type 801 Listening on LPF/eth0/00:1c:25:97:82:20 Sending on LPF/eth0/00:1c:25:97:82:20 Sending on Socket/fallback DHCPREQUEST of 192.168.1.27 on eth0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 DHCPACK of 192.168.1.27 from 192.168.1.254 bound to 192.168.1.27 -- renewal in 1468 seconds. I used strace to make sure that dhclient really is reading that conf file. Why isn't it paying attention to my "reject 192.168.1.27" and "fixed-address 192.168.1.222" lines?

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• Change Gnome popup menus / combo boxes mouse click behaviour

  - by pingw33n

  Whe right clicking in windows that have popup menus you can hold mouse button, wait until popup appears and release above the desired item to click it. This is different from Windows that have popup appear only on mouse release. And it leads to accident menu item clicking sometimes. Looks like the issue is there: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+bug/320259, https://bugzilla.gnome.org/show_bug.cgi?id=575071. Is there's any way to change popup appearance time at least?

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• Configuration Help for Sendmail Required

  - by Vinayak Mahadevan

  Hi I need some help with respect to sendmail configuration. The basic problem is that I have some employees working from other places and they need access to their mail. So what I have done right now is whatever mails which are meant for them which are generated from within the company and collected by my internal mail server is bounced to an external mail server from where the employees access it. This is done through a email id on a different domain. This was working fine till I restricted the external mailing access for certain users using rulesets in sendmail.cf. Once I had put that in place only people who had external mailing rights could send mails to people outside the office. What I would like to know is that is there anyway where I can expose sendmail on two different ips and thereby configure everybody's email id to point to the same internal mail server using 2 different ips. one ip when inside the company and one ip outside the company. Is it possible that I have one static ip configured for both internal access and external access or is there any otherway it can be done with sendmail. Can anybody help me Sorry for the long post Regards Vinayak

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• How to copy directories using debugfs?

  - by STM

  The debugfs manpage gives the impression that the command 'rdump . .' will recursively copy all files found on the specified filesystem from the debugfs cwd to the native filesystem's cwd. Instead I seem to receive a syntax error, and no copy is initiated? These are the commands I run: cd /path/to/transfer/destination debugfs /dev/sda1 -R rdump . . My task is to copy the entire contents of a clean yet unmountable USB storage device to its host machine's HD. The host machine does not support the inode size used by the USB device's filesystem (256) and its software is not upgradeable, so my intention was to use debugfs to transfer the files. If anyone has any other suggestions for this task I'd be grateful.

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• Installing Midnight Commander from sources (no root privileges)

  - by ouroboros

  I tried to configure ./configure --prefix=/localfolder glib-2.26.1/ make make install but it fails at make stage. trying to configure mc-4.6.1/ and make doesn't obviously work. What are the steps I need to make in order to install midnight comander for my local user in a custom folder? Make for glib gives me these errors /usr/bin/msgfmt: found 2 fatal errors cp: cannot stat `test.mo': No such file or directory gmake[4]: *** [test.mo] Error 1 gmake[4]: Leaving directory `/remote/folder/mc/glib-2.26.1/gio/tests' gmake[3]: *** [all-recursive] Error 1 gmake[3]: Leaving directory `/remote/folder/mc/glib-2.26.1/gio' gmake[2]: *** [all] Error 2 gmake[2]: Leaving directory `/remote/folder/mc/glib-2.26.1/gio' gmake[1]: *** [all-recursive] Error 1 gmake[1]: Leaving directory `/remote/folder/mc/glib-2.26.1' gmake: *** [all] Error 2

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• Is there any way to recover files in /usr/local directory on Ubuntu?

  - by Ilya

  We are running Ubuntu server on VPS. Some files were removed accidentally by placing unnecessary space this command: rm -r /usr/local <directory to be deleted> I know, that in most cases this directory is used by packages to place some part of their content. Is there any where to recover deleted files and directories? I suppose, that theoretically it should be possible. Some software can look through the list of installed packages, check presence of files in file system and recover or reinstall corrupted packages if their file are missing in /usr/local.

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• Home server - HP Proliant Microserver - Software and setup - OS on USB stick?

  - by Lloyd Watkin

  I've just purchased a HP ProLiant Microserver for home use. I want to set up with web server, samba shares, the usual stuff. My question is really about system setup. It has an internal USB socket so I've attempted to install a copy of Fedora 14 onto it. I turned off X/Gnome, but it still ran like a pig. I've now put the OS on one of the internal disks (250Gb, 7200rpm), but I was wondering if there was a way to utilise the internal USB to give me better power-saving allowing the hard drives to be shut down when not in use. How would you set this server up? I'd rather not go to the extra cost of an SSD right now, but if that's the best way then so be it.

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• Strange port forwarding problem

  - by rAyt

  I've got a strange port forwarding problem. The port forwarding to my internal webserver (10.0.0.10 on Port 80) works without a problem but the port forwarding to a windows server (10.0.0.15) on port 3389 doesn't work. The port 3389 is open. Any ideas? thanks! #!/bin/sh IPTABLES="/sbin/iptables" $IPTABLES --flush $IPTABLES --table nat --flush $IPTABLES --delete-chain $IPTABLES --table nat --append POSTROUTING --out-interface eth0 -j MASQUERADE $IPTABLES -t nat -A PREROUTING -p tcp -i eth0 -d 188.40.XXX.XXX --dport 3389 -j DNAT --to 10.0.0.15:3389 $IPTABLES -t nat -A PREROUTING -p tcp -i eth0 -d 188.40.XXX.XXX --dport 80 -j DNAT --to 10.0.0.10:80 $IPTABLES -t nat -A PREROUTING -p tcp -i eth0 -d 188.40.XXX.XXX --dport 222 -j DNAT --to 10.0.0.10:22 $IPTABLES --append FORWARD --in-interface eth1 -j ACCEPT

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• Is it reasonable that a random disk seek & read costs ~16ms?

  - by fzhang

  I am frustrated about the latency of random reading from a non-ssd disk. Based on results from following test program, it speeds ~16 ms for a random read of just 512 bytes without help of os cache. I tried changing 512 to larger values, such as 25k, and the latency did not increase as much. I guess it is because the disk seek dominates the time. I understand that random reading is inherently slow, but just want to be sure that ~16ms is reasonable, even for non-ssd disk. #include <sys/stat.h> #include <sys/time.h> #include <sys/types.h> #include <sys/unistd.h> #include <fcntl.h> #include <limits.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> int main(int argc, char** argv) { int fd = open(argv[1], O_RDONLY); if (fd < 0) { fprintf(stderr, "Failed open %s\n", argv[1]); return -1; } const size_t count = 512; const off_t offset = 25990611 / 2; char buffer[count] = { '\0' }; struct timeval start_time; gettimeofday(&start_time, NULL); off_t ret = lseek(fd, offset, SEEK_SET); if (ret != offset) { perror("lseek error"); close(fd); return -1; } ret = read(fd, buffer, count); if (ret != count) { fprintf(stderr, "Failed reading all: %ld\n", ret); close(fd); return -1; } struct timeval end_time; gettimeofday(&end_time, NULL); printf("tv_sec: %ld, tv_usec: %ld\n", end_time.tv_sec - start_time.tv_sec, end_time.tv_usec - start_time.tv_usec); close(fd); return 0; }

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• Apache2 BufferedLogs On - anybody using it ?

  - by Qiqi

  Greetings, I am wondering, whether anybody is using BufferedLogs On with Apache2 and found any issues ? Feature is marked as experimental, but for many years now, so I guess it's rather pretty stable. I am running some servers with constrained disk IO capacity at the moment, so I turned it on hoping that even a small benefit could help in the long run ;-) I do have several to several hundreds requests per seconds so by my thoughts there is really no need to write to log after each request, cause honestly I don't think that my filesystem is the best handler for many unnecessary writes. (OCFS2 shared among several DomUs in the Xen)

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• VLC tv card streaming

  - by Franco

  I'm trying to stream the output of my desktop's tv card to my laptop using vlc without success. I have on both pcs ArchLinux installed. I'm stuck here: $ cvlc v4l2:///dev/video0:norm=pal-nc:frequency=543250:size=640x480:channel=0:input-slave=alsa:///dev/dsp:audio=0 --sout '#transcode{vcodec=mp4v,acodec=mpga,vb=3000,ab=256,vt=800000,keyint=80,deinterlace}:standard{access=http,mux=ogg,dst=192.168.0.2:8080}' --ttl 12 VLC media player 1.1.4 The Luggage (revision exported) Blocked: call to unsetenv("DBUS_ACTIVATION_ADDRESS") Blocked: call to unsetenv("DBUS_ACTIVATION_BUS_TYPE") [0x1c9e480] inhibit interface error: Failed to connect to the D-Bus session daemon: /usr/bin/dbus-launch terminated abnormally with the following error: Autolaunch error: X11 initialization failed. [0x1c9e480] main interface error: no suitable interface module [0x1ca1500] main interface error: no suitable interface module [0x1bb3120] main libvlc error: interface "globalhotkeys,none" initialization failed [0x1c9f940] dummy interface: using the dummy interface module... [0x1ca4850] main access out: creating httpd [0x1ebb340] mux_ogg mux: Open And on my laptop: $ vlc http://192.168.0.2:8080 VLC media player 1.1.4.1 The Luggage (revision exported) Blocked: call to unsetenv("DBUS_ACTIVATION_ADDRESS") Blocked: call to unsetenv("DBUS_ACTIVATION_BUS_TYPE") Blocked: call to setlocale(6, "") Blocked: call to sigaction(17, 0xb25c7058, 0xb25c70e4) Warning: call to signal(13, 0x1) Warning: call to signal(13, 0x1) Blocked: call to setenv("ORBIT_SOCKETDIR", "/tmp/orbit-zf", 1) Warning: call to srand(1287690122) Warning: call to rand() Blocked: call to setlocale(6, "") (process:17933): Gtk-WARNING **: Locale not supported by C library. Using the fallback 'C' locale. Warning: call to signal(13, 0x1) Blocked: call to setlocale(6, "") [0x8af5f04] main stream error: cannot pre fill buffer Any idea why this isn't working?

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• How to recover broken MJPEG AVI file after a camera crash

  - by Jam K

  I was recording a video when my KODAK EASYSHARE M531 Digital Camera fell to the ground and turned off. When i turned it on nothing happened to the camera but the video file is somehow broken. Obviously the camera did not have time to convert and close it properly. $file myvid.avi myvid.AVI: data where it should be: another_vid.AVI: RIFF (little-endian) data, AVI, 640 x 480, ~30 fps, video: Motion JPEG, audio: uLaw (stereo, 12000 Hz)` I would like to fix my video which I believe needs to be converted to AVI. Any idea? VLC does not play the file and returns: could not determine type of stream

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• How can I invoke a function in bash shell script

  - by sufery

  !/bin/bash one_func(){ echo 'abcd' } echo $(one_func) echo one_func the end I just wonder the distinction calling the function between $(one_function) and one_function in bash shell script. When I set the variable "PS1" in ~/.bashrc, I can't invoke the function by one_func e: export PS1="\n[\e[31m]\$(one_func)" it work export PS1="\n[\e[31m]one_func" it doesn't work

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• Why do I see the weird backspace behaviour on my shell sometimes?

  - by Lazer

  I use bash shell and sometimes all of a sudded, my Backspace key stops working (when this happens Ctrl + Backspace still works fine) I am not sure why this happens, but it also carries over to any vim sessions that I use from the shell. To my surprise, getting a fresh shell does not help, and the problem seems to go away as abruptly as it started. This is what the typed characters look like, each Backspace keypress is shown by a ^? on the shell $ cat filem^?namr^?e Does anybody have a clue what might be happening? How can I restore the normal behaviour?

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• Open mysql only to localhost and a particular address

  - by Rodrigo Asensio

  My config: ubuntu server 9 and msyql 5 my.cnf = bind-address = 0.0.0.0 my iptables script = iptables -A INPUT -i eth0 -s 99.88.77.66 -p tcp --destination-port 3306 -j ACCEPT I can connect from any place to mysql, not only that IP. I made a iptables-save , /etc/init.d/netwokring restart... but I still can connect from any IP, any clue ?

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• Using curl -s in *nix command line not working for some reason

  - by JM4

  I am trying to install composer (though to be honest I really have no idea how it fully works and documentation seems to be quite poor) on my MediaTemple DV machine. I am using their [instructions][1] Trying to install globally using: $ curl -s https://getcomposer.org/installer | php My command line (again using putty and logged into my server as root) thinks for a second, then sets up for next prompt. I run a simple ls -l to check for the file it should have downloaded with no luck. Any idea what could be causing the issue? I have tested and do in fact have curl installed. UPDATE 1 Based on the first answer, the verbose response is: > $ curl -vs https://getcomposer.org/installer | php > * About to connect() to getcomposer.org port 443 > * Trying 37.59.4.156... connected > * Connected to getcomposer.org (37.59.4.156) port 443 > * successfully set certificate verify locations: > * CAfile: /etc/pki/tls/certs/ca-bundle.crt CApath: none > * SSLv2, Client hello (1): SSLv3, TLS handshake, Server hello (2): SSLv3, TLS handshake, CERT (11): SSLv3, TLS handshake, Server key > exchange (12): SSLv3, TLS handshake, Server finished (14): SSLv3, TLS > handshake, Client key exchange (16): SSLv3, TLS change cipher, Client > hello (1): SSLv3, TLS handshake, Finished (20): SSLv3, TLS change > cipher, Client hello (1): SSLv3, TLS handshake, Finished (20): SSL > connection using DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA > * Server certificate: > * subject: /C=CH/CN=dl.packagist.org/[email protected] > * start date: 2012-07-07 23:25:35 GMT > * expire date: 2013-07-10 02:55:12 GMT > * SSL: certificate subject name 'dl.packagist.org' does not match target host name 'getcomposer.org' > * Closing connection #0 > * SSLv3, TLS alert, Client hello (1): > > > [1]: http://getcomposer.org/doc/00-intro.md

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• Why does the Java VM process eat up more RAM then specified in -Xmx parameter?

  - by evilpenguin

  I have multiple servers running CentOS 5.4 and only one application running on Java VM. I've configured the Java VM with the following arguments: java -Xmx4500M -server -XX:+UseConcMarkSweepGC -XX:+CMSIncrementalMode -XX:NewSize=1024m -Djava.net.preferIPv4Stack=true -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote=true The machines I'm running the VM on has 6 GB RAM and no other applications running. After a while, the java process starts to hit the swap space really hard, I get this info out of the top command: 7658 root 25 0 11.7g 3.9g 4796 S 39.4 67.3 543:54.17 java On the other hand, if I connect via JConsole, it reports the Java VM has 2.6 GB used, 4.6 GB commited and 4.6 Gb max. java -version returns: java version "1.6.0_17" Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.6.0_17-b04) Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 14.3-b01, mixed mode) Why is the Java VM expanding so much past it's allocated heap size? And where does that memory go, if it's not reported in JConsole?

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• Help creating image from LVM

  - by jackhab

  I need to duplicate CentOS hard drive image for multiple stations. The HD has the following layout: Disk /dev/sdb: 250GB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: msdos Number Start End Size Type File system Flags 1 32.3kB 107MB 107MB primary ext3 boot 2 107MB 250GB 250GB primary lvm I saved /dev/sdb1 to file with fsarchiver but for sdb2 I get: /fsarchiver savefs an2.fsa /dev/sdb2 oper_save.c#1006,filesystem_mount_partition(): can't detect and mount filesystem of partition [/dev/sdb2], cannot continue. removed an2.fsa Although fsarchiver probe simple correctly detects sdb2 as LVM2_member. Is fsarchiver correct tool for this job? What's wrong? I'm on Ubuntu 9.1 with fsarchiver 0.6.8 and lvm tools installed. Thanks.

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• Help creating image from LVM

  - by jackhab

  I need to duplicate CentOS hard drive image for multiple stations. The HD has the following layout: Disk /dev/sdb: 250GB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: msdos Number Start End Size Type File system Flags 1 32.3kB 107MB 107MB primary ext3 boot 2 107MB 250GB 250GB primary lvm I saved /dev/sdb1 to file with fsarchiver but for sdb2 I get: /fsarchiver savefs an2.fsa /dev/sdb2 oper_save.c#1006,filesystem_mount_partition(): can't detect and mount filesystem of partition [/dev/sdb2], cannot continue. removed an2.fsa Although fsarchiver probe simple correctly detects sdb2 as LVM2_member. Is fsarchiver correct tool for this job? What's wrong? I'm on Ubuntu 9.1 with fsarchiver 0.6.8 and lvm tools installed. Thanks.

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• Amavisd start error

  - by Kristian

  I can't start amavis. It gives an error: Starting amavisd: Error in config file "/etc/amavis/conf.d/05-domain_id": Insecure directory in $ENV{PATH} while running with -T switch at /etc/amavis/conf.d/05-domain_id line 7. On line 7 is: chomp($mydomain = `head -n 1 /etc/mailname`); This problem occured after restaring my computer. I don't know much about amavis, so any help is appreciated. Regards, Kristian

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• How to configure mod_proxy_balancer to gracefully fail under high load

  - by bramp

  We have a system which has one Apache instance in front of multiple tomcats. These tomcats then connect to various databases. We balance the load to the tomcat with mod_proxy_balancer. Currently we are receiving 100 requests a second, the load on the Apache server is quite low, but due to database heavy operations on the tomcats, the load there is roughly 25% (of what I estimate they can handle). In a few weeks there is an event happening and we estimate that our requests will jump significant, maybe by a factor of 10. I'm doing everything I can do reduce the load on our tomcats, but I know we are going to run out of capacity, so I would like to fail gracefully. By this I mean, instead of trying to deal with too many connections which all timeout, I would like Apache to somehow monitor average response time, and as soon as the response time to Tomcat is getting above some threshold, I would like a error page displayed. This means that users who are lucky still get a page rendered quickly, and those who are unlucky get a error page quickly. Instead of everyone waiting far too long for their page, and eventually everyone timing out, and the database being swamped with queries which are never used. Hopefully this makes sense, so I was looking for suggestions on how I could achieve this. thanks

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