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• Disabling the shell of user "daemon" (/bin/false)

  - by BurninLeo

  on a Linux system there are lot's of users by default: daemon, bin, sys, games, etc. According to my /etc/passwd most of these users have a shell assigned (/bin/sh) which seems some kind of insecure to me. My naive thinking would say: Only give those users a shell that may login to the server. Is my thinking wrong? If not completely wrong: Can I disable the shell for "daemon" and "www-data" without having side effects (e.g. the system wont start or the Apache PHP cannot excute system calls)? Thanks for your hints!

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• How to perform a nested mount when using chroot?

  - by user55542

  Note that this question is prompted by the circumstances detailed by me (as Xl1NntniNH7F) in http://www.linuxquestions.org/questions/linux-desktop-74/boot-failure-upon-updating-e2fsprogs-in-ubuntu-10-10-a-947328/. Thus if you could address the underlying cause of the boot failure, I would very much appreciate it. I'm trying to replicate the environment in my ubuntu installation (where the home folder is on a separate partition) in order to run make uninstall. I'm using a live cd. How to mount a dir in one partition (sda2, mounted in ubuntu as the home folder) into a directory on another mounted partition (sda3)? I did chroot /mnt/sda2 but I don't know how to mount sda3 to /home, and my various attempts didn't work. As I am unfamiliar with chroot, my approach could be wrong, so it would be great if you could suggest what I should do, given my circumstances.

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• Which IMAP servers support both messages and subfolders in a folder?

  - by user43516

  Hi, I currently have a POP server for email, which is delivered to a Thunderbird client. This Thunderbird client stores email locally into a hierarchy of subfolders containing both emails and subfolders. I now want to access this locally stored email from other clients. My first solution was to create an IMAP mailbox and move all the messages to the IMAP server. I wasn't able to do it because my IMAP server refused to create subfolders in folders already containing email. As the original hierarchy is quite complex, I can't modify it to try to get along with this limitation. Are there any Linux IMAP server that would accept having both messages and subfolders in a folder?

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• How to remove file permissions from an external hard drive?

  - by user2540416

  My macbook recently died and I am currently trying to figure out how to copy my data. What I did was, I took out the hard drive, put it in an enclosure and plugged it in to my other laptop that runs linux. The problem is, I cannot copy files from the hard drive due to file permissions. I tried to access the hard drive as root. But I still cannot copy files. How do I remove file permissions from the harddrive?

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• Is it possible to power off a PCIe video card/slot? (eg. hot-plug)

  - by CR.

  I'm looking at building a system that supports VT-d so I can pass through a high powered loud video card to a Xen/KVM/whatever VM (host will be Linux based). However, when I'm not using the VM I want to turn the video card off so its fan does not run. The card will not be used when the VM isn't running. Anyone know if this is possible? The PCI-Express hot-plug specification allows cutting power to specific slots but I have never heard of anyone doing it with a video card and my searches for information have turned up nothing.

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• A really unique case of Load Balancing

  - by Shamshun

  I have an internet connection which has limited up/down bandwidth per IP address. What I want to do is to get multiple IP addresses on a "single" LAN interface, and use a load balancer to distribute traffic through them. I was successful at getting 100 ip addresses on a single interface. my problem is that Linux and Windows use the first ip address of an interface by default, so my bandwidth is not increased. I would appreciate if someone tells me what Load Balancing software has the ability to distribute load between multiple IPs on a single interface. I have tried to do so on both Win7 and Backtrack-LinuxR2

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• Clients can make maximum only 15 connections to ubuntu custom server

  - by gtan

  I have a custom server in C# being run on Ubuntu 9 under mono. I can make up to 15 silverlight clients connect to the server. When I make the 16th, it just waits. And if I close one of the established connections, the 16th client is able to connect. I am making the connections from one machine. I am also not exceeding any file handle limit. The limit is 1024 and I am having around 300. Any ideas how to make more connections? Also why the number 15? Is it something linux-specific? EDIT: I have run the same server on an Ubuntu 11.10 virtual machine and was able to make more than 15 connections. I presume it's a configuration problem on the Ubuntu 9 machine then. Any help on that?

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• How to set a character set per application in *nix?

  - by SimmaDoWN

  I am attempting to set a character set of IBM850 on slackware linux for a particular application (epic5). Im using rxvt-unicode and have setup LANG/LC_*=en_US. Now if I set the encoding to IBM850 in kde's konsole program im able to display certain characters correctly. I'd rather not use IBM850 for everything; is there a way to set/alias a command for a per application execution? Ive tried things like: LC_CTYPE=IBM850 epic5 LC_ALL=IBM850 epic5 No success. Any help would be appreciated

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• rsync stuck with the --checksum option

  - by billc.cn

  I use back-in-time to backup my Linux installation. It serves as an advanced wrapper for the rsync command. Today I tried to add /var/log to the list of folders to be backed up and it caused some serious performance problems. The job seems to stuck on a particular file and the CPU usage of the rsync parent process reaches 100%. I then used lsof to see which file caused the problem and it seems to be the /var/log directory. I did some googling and some experiments with the different rsync options and found --checksum to be the offender. Without the parameter, an incremental backup finishes properly in minutes. With it, the process will stuck when rsync tries to sync a constantly changing log file. This kind of make sense, but it still seems to be a bug to me. Am I using the option correctly? Is there a workaround for this?

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• disbale ssh for bnroot as root account

  - by user2916639

  i am beginner with centos - Linux i have dedicated server . my root username is bnroot . now i am taking ssh using this user. i want to disable ssh for bnroot. i have created user user name welcome i want take ssh login by welcome user then i ll use su - bnroot to get root privileges. i have set PermitRootLogin no , AllowUsers welcome IN /etc/sshd_config and after restarting sshd service . i take ssh login by welcome use then it is ok. but when i use su bnroot its prompt to password and i enter right passowrd it show su: incorrect password , i dont know where i am wrong . please help me here. changes i done - /etc/ssh/sshd_confid PermitRootLogin no AllowUsers welcome /etc/sudoers welcome ALL=(ALL) ALL getting error in /var/log/secure unix_chkpwd[666]: password check failed for user (bnroot) su: pam_unix(su:auth): authentication failure; logname=ewalletssh uid=503 euid=500 tty=pts/1 ruser=ewalletssh rhost= user=bnroot please let me know where i am wrong

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• Is there a way to edit an existing nautilus (file manager) bookmark?

  - by C.W.Holeman II

  Is there a way to edit an existing nautilus (fie manager) bookmark? Invoke from Linux command line: $ nautilus Activate connection editor: File>Connect To Server...> Complete entries in the pop up: Service Type: [WebDAV (HTTP)] Server: [localhost] Port: [8001] Folder [webdav] Username: [test] [x] Add bookmark Bookmark name: [/dav] <Connect> Then in the left column of the main window the new connection and bookmark exist: Places ------------------- ausername Desktop File System Network WebDAV on localhost Trash -------------------- /dav Right click on "/dav" pop up menu: Open Open in New Tab Open in New Window ------------------ Remove Rename... There is no option for editing.

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• iSCSI logout Input output error

  - by liuzhijun

  203 hava a iSCSI target named poolA that I am trying to log into using this command: iscsiadm -m node -T poolA -p 192.168.0.203 -l I am trying to use it as a vg. Secondly, I create two lvs on this vg, and lastly, I logout: iscsiadm -m node -T poolA -p 192.168.0.203 -u After I execute lvs, the following error occurs: /dev/dm-2: read failed after 0 of 4096 at 0: Input/output error /dev/dm-5: read failed after 0 of 4096 at 0: Input/output error Can I get around this error without a reboot? Thanks!

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• Is there a keyboard shortcut in Firefox to paste the Unix "primary selection" clipboard, not the Fir

  - by mike

  I run Linux, and am used to selecting text with the mouse to copy and pressing shift-Ins to paste. (This uses an alternate clipboard known as the "Primary Selection".) This seems to work in every app besides Firefox. Firefox uses a different clipboard, where Ctrl-C copies and Ctrl-V pastes. Is there a keystroke or configuration change I can do to make Firefox paste from the Unix "primary selection" clipboard -- the one it pastes from when I click the middle mouse button? Edit: I'm looking for a keyboard shortcut. Not mouse.

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• How to enable/disable authentication without password when executing commands as superuser?

  - by 44taka

  On a Fedora 19 system which I set up for somebody a while ago I noticed that no authentication is required when commands are executed as the superuser. So, for example, when running Yum Extender, configuring the firewall or running some command with sudo in the terminal, I am not asked to provide a password. (With graphical applications the authentication dialog pops up for a few milliseconds.) For better security I would like to disable this automatic (authentication-less) assumption of superuser privileges. I do not remember if or how I enabled this authentication without a password. I might have enabled it for convenience for the non-pro user of this machine, but did not do any "fancy" things (like editing config files) to do so. I did not edit the sudoer file. I just checked that. I might have checked a "Do not ask for password again" checkbox or something similar. Whatever I did, I would like to undo it and enforce authentication for superuser tasks again.

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• ubuntu 10.04 span window across workspaces

  - by jakerman999

  I'm using an old server machine as a linux box desktop, and as such I have a lot of power but not a lot of display options. I cannot increase my resolution past 800x600 and recently this has become just to small. I have mostly been able to workaround windows being to large for a workspace by moving them with the alt key, but I would like to use something a little more versatile. My plan is to have a setup where I can open a windows (say firefox) on the top-left workspace and then resize it so that it fills four workspaces in an emulated "wall of monitors" fashion. I already have my workspaces arranged like this, but I am not seeing any options for allowing programs/windows to exist on more than one workspace at a time, I know that what I am trying to accomplish is possible (or was at some point in time) because when I google my solution pages appear with people trying to do the opposite (windows already appear on more than one workspace and they dislike it). Any help is much appreciated.

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• Network randomly drops

  - by user147661

  I have a VPS, ubuntu server 12.04 and for unknown reasons the network connection drops and I have to access my vps via the console and ifdown eth0 and ifup eth0. This brings the connection back up from about a few seconds to a few hours. I have run tail -F /var/log/syslog to monitor the log to see what happens at the point of drop and there is nothing unusual. The vps is running under virt-manager and the hardware is set to virtio. I have had linux friends look at my vps and they are unsure of what is the cause.

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• How to route address into VPN network?

  - by ActioN

  I have an internet connection and some site named as svn.mycompany.com. I can access it from my own home computer. But our company have an private VPN, and when I connect to it, I lose access to svn.mycompany.com, but other internet sites is available. When I run nslookup from internet, svn.mycompany.com have one IP, and when run from VPN - other IP. Maybe I need to create route to this address? And if it is, can you help me to write correct command in Ubuntu Linux.

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• Problems using "at" with Apache

  - by Alex Padgett

  I'm trying to use a PHP script to create at jobs, but when it comes time to execute the jobs, nothing seems to be happening. I've tried to output any errors to log files, but have had no luck. It seems obvious that it's a permissions issue, because when I set apache to run as my personal user, everything works fine. However, when I exec wget directly from PHP, everything works fine so it seems that apache has the correct permissions to use it. The problem appears to be when using at in conjunction with apache. So I need to find a way to make this work with apache running as its own user. Here is the command I'm using: echo "wget -qO- http://example.com/" | at now + 1 minute 2>&1 Any ideas? EDIT: Apache can create the at jobs, it just seems that when they execute nothing is happening.

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• /dev/null file became regular file

  - by user197719

  In our production server suddenly /dev/null became a regular file and due to this sshd service got stopped and not able to login the server. And also we tried to the below steps to configure back to character device file, rm -rf /dev/null mknod /dev/null c 1 3 As soon as we run the rm command /dev/null is being re-created as a regular file before mknod can run. We can't figure out how this happening and which component is creating this file. So until we solve this issue we are unable to create /dev/null as character device file.

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• My raspberry pi server hostname doesn't work?

  - by xSpartanCx

  The people over on the rPi forums don't have any answers for me... I've got a raspberry pi running raspbian server edition. My problem is that the only way I can ssh into it with putty is through the static ip. My router doesn't recognize the hostname; it shows the mac address as the name. This causes the pi not to show my apache2 website online (I think). The only way I've gotten it to work is using my other linux server to forward using virtual hosts, and that has to use the ip address, too. However, now that I have my other server off, the website doesn't work.

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• Missed something? Cant upload files to server (permissions)

  - by Camran

  I can upload files as "root" to the Ubuntu server. Then I created a user (me). Next I added the user to the group www-data. Then assigned rwx permissions to www-data. Next, when I try to upload, delete or modify files VIA FILEZILLA, I cant. But via the terminal, I can change files using sudo command. What should I do to be able to upload files without getting the "permission denied" in filezilla? If you need more input let me know. Thanks

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• Ubuntu server security; Is this enough?

  - by Camran

  I have a classifieds website, which uses php5 and mysql, and also java (solr). I am new to linux and VPS... I have installed SSH, and I have installed IPtables, and also I have PuTTY which I use as a terminal. Also, Filezilla is installed on my computer, and whenever I connect to my VPS, the "host" field in Filezilla says "Sftp://ip-adress" so I am guessing it is a safe connection. I used this command to find out if I had SSHD installed: whereis sshd and it returned some places where it actually was installed. So I havent actually installed it. Now, my Q is, is this enough? What other security measures should I take? Any good articles about security and how to set it up on a VPS? Remember, I have a windows xp OS on my laptop, but the OS for my VPS is Ubuntu 9.10. Also, I have apache2 installed... Thanks

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• Good free way to clone a hard drive or a partition and send the image over the network (through FTP, Windows file sharing, "anything")?

  - by Deleted

  What I ideally would like is a free software solution which can: Boot from a CD/DVD/USB-stick and Clone a complete hard drive or a partition and Send the resulting image file over the network through Windows file sharing (SMB, I could use SAMBA on my server to receive the image) or through FTP or through SFTP or through SCP It should work with Linux and Windows file-systems (where specific file system support is necessary) Is there anything good out there like this? I know Wikipedia lists a lot of cloning software. But I'm looking for a personal recommendation which you have used yourself, as I find it more credible (I'll see from the upvotes if the answer is liked by a lot of visitors).

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• Trouble getting OS fingerprinting to work in iptables

  - by user1197457

  Everyone, As I understand it, OSF has been merged with the Kernel since 2.6.before-my-kernel-version. Yet when I do something like this: iptables -I INPUT -j ACCEPT -p tcp -m osf --genre Linux --log 0 --ttl 2 and I get an error like: iptables: No chain/target/match by that name iptables -L Shows no rules because I did an iptables -F at one point. ALSO, the following command: cat /proc/net/ip_tables_matches Does not show "osf" on the list. A google doesn't seem to help. I've also installed iptables-devel in hopes I'd be able to load the osf module. Sadly I haven't been able to get that to work. Centos 6.4 minimal Any guidance?

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• FTP client hangs after a while

  - by lfbn

  I'm using Linux Ubuntu 12.04 with curlftpfs to connect to a remote server. After mounting a remote ftp, opening and saving files with vim, list directories and files, for some time, after a while (no more of 30 minutes), with no reason it hangs. After opening other terminal tabs, all tabs remain iddle...but when using filezilla without restart the computer I still can get to the server and working with no problem. When using Nautilus, instead of curlftpfs, I'm having the same problem. After a while it hangs. Can anyone help me please?

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