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  • Could I ever want to access the address zero?

    - by Joel
    The constant 0 is used as the null pointer in C and C++. But as in http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2389251/pointer-to-a-specific-fixed-address there seems to be some possible use of assigning fixed addresses. Is there ever any conceivable need, in any system, for whatever low level task, for accessing the address 0? If there is, how is that solved with 0 being the null pointer and all? If not, what makes it certain that there is not such a need?

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  • How to return a copy of the data in C++

    - by Josh Curren
    I am trying to return a new copy of the data in a C++ Template class. The following code is getting this error: invalid conversion from ‘int*’ to ‘int’. If I remove the new T then I am not returning a copy of the data but a pointer to it. template<class T> T OrderedList<T>::get( int k ) { Node<T>* n = list; for( int i = 0; i < k; i++ ) { n=n->get_link(); } return new T( n->get_data() ); // This line is getting the error ********** }

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  • Class lookup structure array in C++

    - by wyatt
    I'm trying to create a structure array which links input strings to classes as follows: struct {string command; CommandPath cPath;} cPathLookup[] = { {"set an alarm", AlarmCommandPath}, {"send an email", EmailCommandPath}, {"", NULL} }; which will be used as follows: CommandPath *cPath = NULL; string input; getline(cin, input); for(int i = 0; cPathLookup[i] != ""; i++) { if(cPathLookup[i].command == input) cPath = new cPathLookup[i].cPath; } Obviously, this code is meaningless, but I think my intention is apparent - depending on input, I'd like cPath to be initialized as either a new AlarmCommandPath or a new EmailCommandPath. I could handle it with a function returning an instance depending on input, but a whole sequence of ifs just seems inelegant. I should also note that, in case it's not apparent and important, that AlarmCommandPath and EmailCommandPath are derived from CommandPath, and CommandPath is an abstract class. Thanks for any help you can offer. EDIT: I just noticed that, in spite of CommandPath being abstract, I have a declaration: CommandPath *cPath = NULL; in working code. Why does that compile?

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  • C pointer initialization and dereferencing, what's wrong here?

    - by randombits
    This should be super simple, but I'm not sure why the compiler is complaining here. #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { int *n = 5; printf ("n: %d", *n); exit(0); } Getting the following complaints: foo.c: In function ‘main’: foo.c:6: warning: initialization makes pointer from integer without a cast I just want to print the value that the pointer n references. I'm dereferencing it in the printf() statement and I get a segmentation fault. Compiling this with gcc -o foo foo.c.

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  • Check if a pointer points to allocated memory on the heap.

    - by Ugo
    Ok, I know this question seems to have been asked many times on stackoverflow. but please read Well the answer for any address is "No you can't" but the question here is to know if a pointer points to a piece of memory allocated with malloc/new. Actually I think it could be easily implemented overriding malloc/free and keeping track of allocated memory ranges. Do you know a memory management library providing this specific tool ?

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  • casting char[][] to char** causes segfault?

    - by Earlz
    Ok my C is a bit rusty but I figured I'd make my next(small) project in C so I could polish back up on it and less than 20 lines in I already have a seg fault. This is my complete code: #define ROWS 4 #define COLS 4 char main_map[ROWS][COLS+1]={ "a.bb", "a.c.", "adc.", ".dc."}; void print_map(char** map){ int i; for(i=0;i<ROWS;i++){ puts(map[i]); //segfault here } } int main(){ print_map(main_map); //if I comment out this line it will work. puts(main_map[3]); return 0; } I am completely confused as to how this is causing a segfault. What is happening when casting from [][] to **!? That is the only warning I get. rushhour.c:23:3: warning: passing argument 1 of ‘print_map’ from incompatible pointer type rushhour.c:13:7: note: expected ‘char **’ but argument is of type ‘char (*)[5]’ Are [][] and ** really not compatible pointer types? They seem like they are just syntax to me.

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  • collect string in loop and printout all the string outside loop

    - by user1508163
    I'm newbie here and there is some question that I want have some lesson from you guys. For example: #include <stdio.h> #include<stdlib.h> #include<ctype.h> void main() { char name[51],selection; do { printf("Enter name: "); fflush(stdin); gets(name); printf("Enter another name?(Y/N)"); scanf("%c",&selection); selection=toupper(selection); }while (selection=='Y'); //I want to printout the entered name here but dunno the coding printf("END\n"); system("pause"); } As I know when the loops perform will overwrite the variable then how I perform a coding that will printout all the name user entered? I have already ask my tutor and he is ask me to use pointer, can anyone guide me in this case?

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  • Acessing a struct member, using a pointer to a vector of structs. Error:base operand of '->' has non-pointer type

    - by Matt Munson
    #include <iostream> #include <vector> using namespace std; struct s_Astruct { vector <int> z; }; int main () { vector <s_Astruct> v_a; for(int q=0;q<10;q++) { v_a.push_back(s_Astruct()); for(int w =0;w<5;w++) v_a[q].z.push_back(8); } vector <s_Astruct> * p_v_a = & v_a; cout << p_v_a[0]->z[4]; //error: base operand of '->' has non-pointer type //'__gnu_debug_def::vector<s_Astruct, std::allocator<s_Astruct> >' } There seems to be some issue with this sort of operation that I don't understand. In the code that I'm working on I actually have things like p_class-vector[]-vector[]-int; and I'm getting a similar error.

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  • glibc detected ./.a.out: free(): invalid pointer

    - by ExtremeBlue
    typedef struct _PERSON { size_t age; unsigned char* name; }PERSON; int init(PERSON** person) { (* person) = (PERSON *) malloc(sizeof(struct _PERSON)); (* person)->age = 1; (* person)->name = (unsigned char *) malloc(sizeof(4)); (* person)->name = "NAME"; return 0; } void close(PERSON** person) { (* person)->age = 0; if((* person)->name != NULL) { free((* person)->name); } if((* person) != NULL) { free((* person)); } } int main(int argc, char* argv[]) { PERSON* p; init(&p); printf("%d\t%s\n", (int) p->age, p->name); close(&p); return 0; } 1 NAME *** glibc detected *** ./a.out: free(): invalid pointer: 0x000000000040079c *** ======= Backtrace: ========= /lib/libc.so.6(+0x774b6)[0x7fa9027054b6] /lib/libc.so.6(cfree+0x73)[0x7fa90270bc83] ./a.out(close+0x3d)[0x400651] ./a.out[0x40069f] /lib/libc.so.6(__libc_start_main+0xfe)[0x7fa9026acd8e] ./a.out[0x4004f9] ... 7fa8fc000000-7fa8fc021000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 7fa8fc021000-7fa900000000 ---p 00000000 00:00 0 7fa902478000-7fa90248d000 r-xp 00000000 08:12 23068732 /lib/libgcc_s.so.1 7fa90248d000-7fa90268c000 ---p 00015000 08:12 23068732 /lib/libgcc_s.so.1 7fa90268c000-7fa90268d000 r--p 00014000 08:12 23068732 /lib/libgcc_s.so.1 7fa90268d000-7fa90268e000 rw-p 00015000 08:12 23068732 /lib/libgcc_s.so.1 7fa90268e000-7fa902808000 r-xp 00000000 08:12 23068970 /lib/libc-2.12.1.so 7fa902808000-7fa902a07000 ---p 0017a000 08:12 23068970 /lib/libc-2.12.1.so 7fa902a07000-7fa902a0b000 r--p 00179000 08:12 23068970 /lib/libc-2.12.1.so 7fa902a0b000-7fa902a0c000 rw-p 0017d000 08:12 23068970 /lib/libc-2.12.1.so 7fa902a0c000-7fa902a11000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 7fa902a11000-7fa902a31000 r-xp 00000000 08:12 23068966 /lib/ld-2.12.1.so 7fa902c25000-7fa902c28000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 7fa902c2e000-7fa902c31000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 7fa902c31000-7fa902c32000 r--p 00020000 08:12 23068966 /lib/ld-2.12.1.so 7fa902c32000-7fa902c33000 rw-p 00021000 08:12 23068966 /lib/ld-2.12.1.so 7fa902c33000-7fa902c34000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 7fff442d5000-7fff442f6000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 [stack] 7fff44308000-7fff44309000 r-xp 00000000 00:00 0 [vdso] ffffffffff600000-ffffffffff601000 r-xp 00000000 00:00 0 [vsyscall] Aborted

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  • why no implicit conversion from pointer to reference to const pointer.

    - by user316606
    I'll illustrate my question with code: #include <iostream> void PrintInt(const unsigned char*& ptr) { int data = 0; ::memcpy(&data, ptr, sizeof(data)); // advance the pointer reference. ptr += sizeof(data); std::cout << std::hex << data << " " << std::endl; } int main(int, char**) { unsigned char buffer[] = { 0x11, 0x11, 0x11, 0x11, 0x22, 0x22, 0x22, 0x22, }; /* const */ unsigned char* ptr = buffer; PrintInt(ptr); // error C2664: ... PrintInt(ptr); // error C2664: ... return 0; } When I run this code (in VS2008) I get this: error C2664: 'PrintInt' : cannot convert parameter 1 from 'unsigned char *' to 'const unsigned char *&'. If I uncomment the "const" comment it works fine. However shouldn't pointer implicitly convert into const pointer and then reference be taken? Am I wrong in expecting this to work? Thanks!

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  • How to declare a pointer to a variable as a parameter of a function in C++?

    - by Keand64
    I have a function that takes a pointer to a D3DXVECTOR3, but I have no reason to declare this beforehand. The most logical solution to me was using new: Function( //other parameters, new D3DXVECTOR3(x, y, 0)); but I don't know how I would go about deleting it, beign intitialized in a function. My next thought was to use the & operator, like so: Function( //other parameters, &D3DVECTOR3(x, y, 0)); but I don't know if this is a valid way to go about doing this. (It doesn't get an error, but neither does int *x; x = 50;). So should I use new, &, or some other technique I'm overlooking?

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  • How do I return the indices of a multidimensional array element in C?

    - by Eddy
    Say I have a 2D array of random boolean ones and zeroes called 'lattice', and I have a 1D array called 'list' which lists the addresses of all the zeroes in the 2D array. This is how the arrays are defined: define n 100 bool lattice[n][n]; bool *list[n*n]; After filling the lattice with ones and zeroes, I store the addresses of the zeroes in list: for(j = 0; j < n; j++) { for(i = 0; i < n; i++) { if(!lattice[i][j]) // if element = 0 { list[site_num] = &lattice[i][j]; // store address of zero site_num++; } } } How do I extract the x,y coordinates of each zero in the array? In other words, is there a way to return the indices of an array element through referring to its address?

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  • How can I return to a string address and then assign it to a new string?

    - by Y_Y
    I have 1 function that I want to return the address of an assigned string to the main function and assign an new string pointer with the same address so that the new string will have the contents of the old string. For example: unknown_datatype function() { char *old = "THE STRING"; return old; } int main() { char *snew = ""; snew = function(); return 0; } *unknown_datatype means I don't know that to put there... *How can I approach this without changing anything in the main() method

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  • C problem, left of '->' must point to class/struct/union/generic type ??

    - by Patrick
    Hello! Trying to understand why this doesn't work. I keep getting the following errors: left of '-nextNode' must point to class/struct/union/generic type (Also all the lines with a - in the function new_math_struct) Header file #ifndef MSTRUCT_H #define MSTRUCT_H #define PLUS 0 #define MINUS 1 #define DIVIDE 2 #define MULTIPLY 3 #define NUMBER 4 typedef struct math_struct { int type_of_value; int value; int sum; int is_used; struct math_struct* nextNode; } ; typedef struct math_struct* math_struct_ptr; #endif C file int get_input(math_struct_ptr* startNode) { /* character, input by the user */ char input_ch; char* input_ptr; math_struct_ptr* ptr; math_struct_ptr* previousNode; input_ptr = &input_ch; previousNode = startNode; /* as long as input is not ok */ while (1) { input_ch = get_input_character(); if (input_ch == ',') // Carrage return return 1; else if (input_ch == '.') // Illegal character return 0; if (input_ch == '+') ptr = new_math_struct(PLUS, 0); else if (input_ch == '-') ptr = new_math_struct(MINUS, 0); else if (input_ch == '/') ptr = new_math_struct(DIVIDE, 0); else if (input_ch == '*') ptr = new_math_struct(MULTIPLY, 0); else ptr = new_math_struct(NUMBER, atoi(input_ptr)); if (startNode == NULL) { startNode = previousNode = ptr; } else { previousNode->nextNode = ptr; previousNode = ptr; } } return 0; } math_struct_ptr* new_math_struct(int symbol, int value) { math_struct_ptr* ptr; ptr = (math_struct_ptr*)malloc(sizeof(math_struct_ptr)); ptr->type_of_value = symbol; ptr->value = value; ptr->sum = 0; ptr->is_used = 0; return ptr; } char get_input_character() { /* character, input by the user */ char input_ch; /* get the character */ scanf("%c", &input_ch); if (input_ch == '+' || input_ch == '-' || input_ch == '*' || input_ch == '/' || input_ch == ')') return input_ch; // A special character else if (input_ch == '\n') return ','; // A carrage return else if (input_ch < '0' || input_ch > '9') return '.'; // Not a number else return input_ch; // Number } The header for the C file just contains a reference to the struct header and the definitions of the functions. Language C.

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  • Can somebody please explain this recursive function for me?

    - by capncoolio
    #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> void reprint(char *a[]) { if(*a) { printf("%d ",a); reprint(a+1); printf("%s ",*a); } } int main() { char *coll[] = {"C", "Objective", "like", "don't", "I", NULL}; reprint(coll); printf("\n"); return EXIT_SUCCESS; } As the more experienced will know, this prints the array in reverse. I don't quite understand how! I need help understanding what reprint(char *a[]) does. I understand pointer arithmetic to a degree, but from inserting printf's here and there, I've determined that the function increments up to the array end, and then back down to the start, only printing on the way down. However, I do not understand how it does this; all I've managed to understand by looking at the actual code is that if *a isn't NULL, then call reprint again, at the next index. Thanks guys!

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  • Evaluation of (de)reference operators

    - by Micha
    I have an (uncommented...) source file which I'm trying to understand. static const Map *gCurMap; static std::vector<Map> mapVec; then auto e = mapVec.end(); auto i = mapVec.begin(); while(i!=e) { // ... const Map *map = gCurMap = &(*(i++)); // ... } I don't understand what &(*(i++)) does. It does not compile when just using i++, but to me it looks the same, because I'm "incrementing" i, then I'm requesting the value at the given address and then I'm requesting the address of this value?!

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  • using structures with multidimentional tables

    - by gem
    I have a table of structures and this structures are 2 dimentional table of constants. can you teach me on how to get the values in the table of constants. (note following is just example) typedef struct { unsigned char ** Type1; unsigned char ** Type2; } Formula; typedef struct { Formula tformula[size]; } table; const table Values = { (unsigned char**) &(default_val1), (unsigned char**) &(default_val2) }; const unsigned char default_val1[4][4] = { {0,1,2,3}, {4,5,6,7}, {8,9,0,11}, {12,13,14,15} } const unsigned char default_val2[4][4] = { {15,16,17,13}, {14,15,16,17}, {18,19,10,21}, {22,23,24,25} }

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  • C++: Question about freeing memory

    - by Martijn Courteaux
    On Learn C++, they wrote this to free memory: int *pnValue = new int; // dynamically allocate an integer *pnValue = 7; // assign 7 to this integer delete pnValue; pnValue = 0; My question is: "Is the last statement needed to free the memory correctly, completly?" I thought that the pointer *pnValue was still on the stack and new doesn't make any sense to the pointer. And if it is on the stack it will be cleaned up when the application leaves the scope (where the pointer is declared in), isn't it?

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  • What does the Asterisk * mean in Objective-C?

    - by Thanks
    Is it true, that the Asterisk always means "Hey, that is a pointer!" And an Pointer always holds an memory adress? (Yes I know for the exception that a * is used for math operation) For Example: NSString* myString; or SomeClass* thatClass; or (*somePointerToAStruct).myStructComponent = 5; I feel that there is more I need to know about the Asterirsk (*) than that I use it when defining an Variable that is a pointer to a class. Because sometimes I already say in the declaration of an parameter that the Parameter variable is a pointer, and still I have to use the Asterisk in front of the Variable in order to access the value. That recently happened after I wanted to pass a pointer of an struct to a method in a way like [myObj myMethod:&myStruct], I could not access a component value from that structure even though my method declaration already said that there is a parameter (DemoStruct*)myVar which indeed should be already known as a pointer to that demostruct, still I had always to say: "Man, compiler. Listen! It IIISSS a pointer:" and write: (*myVar).myStructComponentX = 5; I really really really do not understand why I have to say that twice. And only in this case. When I use the Asterisk in context of an NSString* myString then I can just access myString however I like, without telling the compiler each time that it's a pointer. i.e. like using *myString = @"yep". It just makes no sense to me.

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  • c Pointer to pointer, or passing list to functions

    - by user361808
    Hi, I am new to c programming. Could anyone please tell me what's wrong with the following program? typedef struct Person_s { int age; char name[40]; } Person_t; int process_list(int *countReturned, Person_t **p_list) { Person_t *rowPtr=0; //the actual program will fethc data from DB int count =1; if(!((*p_list) = (Person_t *) malloc(sizeof(Person_t)))) { return -1; } rowPtr = *p_list; rowPtr[count-1].age =19; strcpy(rowPtr[count-1].name,"Prince Dastan"); *countReturned = count; return 0; } int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { Person_t *tmpPerson=0; Person_t **p_list=0; int *count=0; int i; process_list(count,p_list); tmpPerson = *p_list; for(i=0; i< *count; i++) { printf("Name: %s , age: %d\n",tmpPerson->name,tmpPerson->age); tmpPerson++; } //free(tmpPerson); return 0; }

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  • Does (size_t)((char *)0) ever not evaluate to 0?

    - by Bruce Christensen
    According to the responses in "Why subtract null pointer in offsetof()?" (and my reading of K&R), the C standard doesn't require that (size_t)((char *)0) == 0. Still, I've never seen a situation where casting a null pointer to an integer type evaluates to anything else. If there is a compiler or scenario where (size_t)((char *)0) != 0, what is it?

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  • C pointer question, dereferencing crash

    - by skynorth
    Why do this work? int *var; while(scanf("%d", &var) && *var != 0) printf("%d \n", var); While this does not? int *var; while(scanf("%d", &var) && var != 0) printf("%d \n", var); Doesn't * (dereference operator) give you the value pointed by the pointer? So why does *var != 0 crash the program, while var != 0 does not?

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