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  • Many-to-many relationship on same table with association object

    - by Nicholas Knight
    Related (for the no-association-object use case): http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1889251/sqlalchemy-many-to-many-relationship-on-a-single-table Building a many-to-many relationship is easy. Building a many-to-many relationship on the same table is almost as easy, as documented in the above question. Building a many-to-many relationship with an association object is also easy. What I can't seem to find is the right way to combine association objects and many-to-many relationships with the left and right sides being the same table. So, starting from the simple, naïve, and clearly wrong version that I've spent forever trying to massage into the right version: t_groups = Table('groups', metadata, Column('id', Integer, primary_key=True), ) t_group_groups = Table('group_groups', metadata, Column('parent_group_id', Integer, ForeignKey('groups.id'), primary_key=True, nullable=False), Column('child_group_id', Integer, ForeignKey('groups.id'), primary_key=True, nullable=False), Column('expires', DateTime), ) mapper(Group_To_Group, t_group_groups, properties={ 'parent_group':relationship(Group), 'child_group':relationship(Group), }) What's the right way to map this relationship?

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  • strange Django problem

    - by Pounds
    Sorrt to bother you everyone, but I really suffer a strange problem. I am working on a Django project for a company. This project worked very well before today. Today I found a page can not show images (and their corrsponding links). I checked source code of THAT PAGE, I found there are images and links, I just can not find them on the page. I checked the auth of the server and I am sure I can write things to the database. In fact, I think it is not database mistake because I can find what I want in the page source code, I just can not find them on the page. Oh my Gosh, I am going to be crazy... Has anyone suffered similar problem? What kind of problem could it be? Please help me! Thank you very much! PS: I can not provide any source code of the project because some business limit...I am really sorry...

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  • How to select a MenuItem programatically

    - by Shaung
    I am trying to add a global shortcut to a gtk.MenuItem which has a sub menu. Here is my code: import pygtk, gtk import keybinder dlg = gtk.Dialog('menu test') dlg.set_size_request(200, 40) menubar = gtk.MenuBar() menubar.show() menuitem = gtk.MenuItem('foo') menuitem.show() menubar.append(menuitem) mitem = gtk.MenuItem('bar') mitem.show() menu = gtk.Menu() menu.add(mitem) menu.show() menuitem.set_submenu(menu) def show_menu_cb(): menubar.select_item(menuitem) keybinder.bind('<Super>i', show_menu_cb) dlg.vbox.pack_start(menubar) dlg.show() dlg.run() When I press the key menu pops up, I can then select items in the sub menu or press Esc to make it disappear. But after that the menuitem keeps selected and other windows never get input focus again. I have to click on the menuitem twice to get everything back normal.

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  • Wrong values reported by pyPDF for various box regions

    - by romor
    Using pyPdf, for most files I get matched results concerning various box's dimensions compared to what Acrobat reports. However for some files I get different values reported by pyPdf and Acrobat, like: pyPdf: artBox: 595.3 x 841.9 bleedBox: 595.3 x 841.9 cropBox: 595.3 x 841.9 trimBox: 517.3 x 754 Acrobat: artBox: 439.35 x 666.13 pt bleedBox: 439.35 x 666.13 pt cropBox: 439.35 x 666.13 pt trimBox: 439.35 x 666.13 pt I thought it's units issue, but then ratio between widths and heights doesn't match also, not mentioning trimBox mismatch Correct results are those reported by Acrobat of course. Does someone know why is this and is there a way I get correct dimensions by using pyPdf? Thanks couple of minutes later... After reading this question: Are PDF box coordinates relative or absolute? I figured I didn't considered uper left corner to be different then 0 (zero). It turned out that box starts at 77.95 x 87.87, so if we reduce reported values of trimBox by this values correct result is obtained. artBox: 0 x 0 bleedBox: 0 x 0 cropBox: 0 x 0 trimBox: 77.95 x 87.87 Other boxes seem with misleading values or I misinterpret them. Snippet: from pyPdf import PdfFileReader pdfread = PdfFileReader(file('my.pdf', 'rb')) page = 1 width = pdfread.getPage(page).trimBox[2]-pdfread.getPage(page).trimBox[0] height = pdfread.getPage(page).trimBox[3] - pdfread.getPage(page).trimBox[1] print width, height

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  • Efficient way to combine results of two database queries.

    - by ensnare
    I have two tables on different servers, and I'd like some help finding an efficient way to combine and match the datasets. Here's an example: From server 1, which holds our stories, I perform a query like: query = """SELECT author_id, title, text FROM stories ORDER BY timestamp_created DESC LIMIT 10 """ results = DB.getAll(query) for i in range(len(results)): #Build a string of author_ids, e.g. '1314,4134,2624,2342' But, I'd like to fetch some info about each author_id from server 2: query = """SELECT id, avatar_url FROM members WHERE id IN (%s) """ values = (uid_list) results = DB.getAll(query, values) Now I need some way to combine these two queries so I have a dict that has the story as well as avatar_url and member_id. If this data were on one server, it would be a simple join that would look like: SELECT * FROM members, stories WHERE members.id = stories.author_id But since we store the data on multiple servers, this is not possible. What is the most efficient way to do this? Thanks.

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  • Django: request object to template context transparancy

    - by anars
    Hi! I want to include an initialized data structure in my request object, making it accessible in the context object from my templates. What I'm doing right now is passing it manually and tiresome within all my views: render_to_response(...., ( {'menu': RequestContext(request)})) The request object contains the key,value pair which is injected using a custom context processor. While this works, I had hoped there was a more generic way of passing selected parts of the request object to the template context. I've tried passing it by generic views, but as it turns out the request object isn't instantiated when parsing the urlpatterns list.

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  • Modify passed, nested dict/list

    - by Gerenuk
    I was thinking of writing a function to normalize some data. A simple approach is def normalize(l, aggregate=sum, norm_by=operator.truediv): aggregated=aggregate(l) for i in range(len(l)): l[i]=norm_by(l[i], aggregated) l=[1,2,3,4] normalize(l) l -> [0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4] However for nested lists and dicts where I want to normalize over an inner index this doesnt work. I mean I'd like to get l=[[1,100],[2,100],[3,100],[4,100]] normalize(l, ?? ) l -> [[0.1,100],[0.2,100],[0.3,100],[0.4,100]] Any ideas how I could implement such a normalize function? Maybe it would be crazy cool to write normalize(l[...][0]) Is it possible to make this work?? Or any other ideas? Also not only lists but also dict could be nested. Hmm... EDIT: I just found out that numpy offers such a syntax (for lists however). Anyone know how I would implement the ellipsis trick myself?

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  • Short snippet summarizing a webpage?

    - by Legend
    Is there a clean way of grabbing the first few lines of a given link that summarizes that link? I have seen this being done in some online bookmarking applications but have no clue on how they were implemented. For instance, if I give this link, I should be able to get a summary which is roughly like: I'll admit it, I was intimidated by MapReduce. I'd tried to read explanations of it, but even the wonderful Joel Spolsky left me scratching my head. So I plowed ahead trying to build decent pipelines to process massive amounts of data Nothing complex at first sight but grabbing these is the challenging part. Just the first few lines of the actual post should be fine. Should I just use a raw approach of grabbing the entire html and parsing the meta tags or something fancy like that (which obviously and unfortunately is not generalizable to every link out there) or is there a smarter way to achieve this? Any suggestions? Update: I just found InstaPaper do this but am not sure if it is getting the information from RSS feeds or some other way.

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  • Loading datasets from datastore and merge into single dictionary. Resource problem.

    - by fredrik
    Hi, I have a productdatabase that contains products, parts and labels for each part based on langcodes. The problem I'm having and haven't got around is a huge amount of resource used to get the different datasets and merging them into a dict to suit my needs. The products in the database are based on a number of parts that is of a certain type (ie. color, size). And each part has a label for each language. I created 4 different models for this. Products, ProductParts, ProductPartTypes and ProductPartLabels. I've narrowed it down to about 10 lines of code that seams to generate the problem. As of currently I have 3 Products, 3 Types, 3 parts for each type, and 2 languages. And the request takes a wooping 5500ms to generate. for product in productData: productDict = {} typeDict = {} productDict['productName'] = product.name cache_key = 'productparts_%s' % (slugify(product.key())) partData = memcache.get(cache_key) if not partData: for type in typeData: typeDict[type.typeId] = { 'default' : '', 'optional' : [] } ## Start of problem lines ## for defaultPart in product.defaultPartsData: for label in labelsForLangCode: if label.key() in defaultPart.partLabelList: typeDict[defaultPart.type.typeId]['default'] = label.partLangLabel for optionalPart in product.optionalPartsData: for label in labelsForLangCode: if label.key() in optionalPart.partLabelList: typeDict[optionalPart.type.typeId]['optional'].append(label.partLangLabel) ## end problem lines ## memcache.add(cache_key, typeDict, 500) partData = memcache.get(cache_key) productDict['parts'] = partData productList.append(productDict) I guess the problem lies in the number of for loops is too many and have to iterate over the same data over and over again. labelForLangCode get all labels from ProductPartLabels that match the current langCode. All parts for a product is stored in a db.ListProperty(db.key). The same goes for all labels for a part. The reason I need the some what complex dict is that I want to display all data for a product with it's default parts and show a selector for the optional one. The defaultPartsData and optionaPartsData are properties in the Product Model that looks like this: @property def defaultPartsData(self): return ProductParts.gql('WHERE __key__ IN :key', key = self.defaultParts) @property def optionalPartsData(self): return ProductParts.gql('WHERE __key__ IN :key', key = self.optionalParts) When the completed dict is in the memcache it works smoothly, but isn't the memcache reset if the application goes in to hibernation? Also I would like to show the page for first time user(memcache empty) with out the enormous delay. Also as I said above, this is only a small amount of parts/product. What will the result be when it's 30 products with 100 parts. Is one solution to create a scheduled task to cache it in the memcache every hour? It this efficient? I know this is alot to take in, but I'm stuck. I've been at this for about 12 hours straight. And can't figure out a solution. ..fredrik

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  • Transferring binary file from web server to client

    - by Yan Cheng CHEOK
    Usually, when I want to transfer a web server text file to client, here is what I did import cgi print "Content-Type: text/plain" print "Content-Disposition: attachment; filename=TEST.txt" print filename = "C:\\TEST.TXT" f = open(filename, 'r') for line in f: print line Works very fine for ANSI file. However, say, I have a binary file a.exe (This file is in web server secret path, and user shall not have direct access to that directory path). I wish to use the similar method to transfer. How I can do so? What content-type I should use? Using print seems to have corrupted content received at client side. What is the correct method?

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  • Which style of return is "better" for a method that might return None?

    - by Daenyth
    I have a method that will either return an object or None if the lookup fails. Which style of the following is better? def get_foo(needle): haystack = object_dict() if needle not in haystack: return None return haystack[needle] or, def get_foo(needle): haystack = object_dict() try: return haystack[needle] except KeyError: # Needle not found return None I'm undecided as to which is more more desirable myself. Another choice would be return haystack[needle] if needle in haystack else None, but I'm not sure that's any better.

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  • "Function object is unsubscriptable" in basic integer to string mapping function

    - by IanWhalen
    I'm trying to write a function to return the word string of any number less than 1000. Everytime I run my code at the interactive prompt it appears to work without issue but when I try to import wordify and run it with a test number higher than 20 it fails as "TypeError: 'function' object is unsubscriptable". Based on the error message, it seems the issue is when it tries to index numString (for example trying to extract the number 4 out of the test case of n = 24) and the compiler thinks numString is a function instead of a string. since the first line of the function is me defining numString as a string of the variable n, I'm not really sure why that is. Any help in getting around this error, or even just help in explaining why I'm seeing it, would be awesome. def wordify(n): # Convert n to a string to parse out ones, tens and hundreds later. numString = str(n) # N less than 20 is hard-coded. if n < 21: return numToWordMap(n) # N between 21 and 99 parses ones and tens then concatenates. elif n < 100: onesNum = numString[-1] ones = numToWordMap(int(onesNum)) tensNum = numString[-2] tens = numToWordMap(int(tensNum)*10) return tens+ones else: # TODO pass def numToWordMap(num): mapping = { 0:"", 1:"one", 2:"two", 3:"three", 4:"four", 5:"five", 6:"six", 7:"seven", 8:"eight", 9:"nine", 10:"ten", 11:"eleven", 12:"twelve", 13:"thirteen", 14:"fourteen", 15:"fifteen", 16:"sixteen", 17:"seventeen", 18:"eighteen", 19:"nineteen", 20:"twenty", 30:"thirty", 40:"fourty", 50:"fifty", 60:"sixty", 70:"seventy", 80:"eighty", 90:"ninety", 100:"onehundred", 200:"twohundred", 300:"threehundred", 400:"fourhundred", 500:"fivehundred", 600:"sixhundred", 700:"sevenhundred", 800:"eighthundred", 900:"ninehundred", } return mapping[num] if __name__ == '__main__': pass

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  • Eclipse + AppEngine =? autocomplete

    - by Brandon Watson
    I was doing some beginner AppEngine dev on a Windows box and installed Eclipse for that. I liked the autocompletion I got with the objects and functions. I moved my dev environment over to my Macbook, and installed Eclipse Ganymede. I installed the AppEngine SDK and Eclipse plug in. However, when I am typing out code now, the autocomplete isn't functioning. Did I miss a step? UPDATE Just to add to this: the line: import cgi appears to give me what I need. When I type "cgi." I get all of the auto complete. However, the lines: from google.appengine.api import users from google.appengine.ext import webapp from google.appengine.ext.webapp.util import run_wsgi_app from google.appengine.ext import db don't give me any auto complete. If I type "users." there is no auto complete.

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  • Model Django Poll

    - by MacPython
    I followed the django tutorial here: http://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/intro/tutorial01/ and now I am at creating a poll. The code below works fine until I want to create choices, where for some reason I always get this error message: line 22, in unicode return self.question AttributeError: 'Choice' object has no attribute 'question' Unfortunatley, I dont understand where I made an error. Any help would be greatly appreciated. Thanks for the time! CODE: import datetime from django.db import models class Poll(models.Model): question = models.CharField(max_length=200) pub_date = models.DateTimeField('date published') def __unicode__(self): return self.question def was_published_today(self): return self.pub_date.date() == datetime.date.today() class Choice(models.Model): poll = models.ForeignKey(Poll) choice = models.CharField(max_length=200) votes = models.IntegerField() def __unicode__(self): return self.question

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  • Rewriting Live TCP/IP (Layer 4) (i.e. Socket Layer) Streams

    - by user213060
    I have a simple problem which I'm sure someone here has done before... I want to rewrite Layer 4 TCP/IP streams (Not lower layer individual packets or frames.) Ettercap's etterfilter command lets you perform simple live replacements of Layer 4 TCP/IP streams based on fixed strings or regexes. Example ettercap scripting code: if (ip.proto == TCP && tcp.dst == 80) { if (search(DATA.data, "gzip")) { replace("gzip", " "); msg("whited out gzip\n"); } } if (ip.proto == TCP && tcp.dst == 80) { if (search(DATA.data, "deflate")) { replace("deflate", " "); msg("whited out deflate\n"); } } http://ettercap.sourceforge.net/forum/viewtopic.php?t=2833 I would like to rewrite streams based on my own filter program instead of just simple string replacements. Anyone have an idea of how to do this? Is there anything other than Ettercap that can do live replacement like this, maybe as a plugin to a VPN software or something? I would like to have a configuration similar to ettercap's silent bridged sniffing configuration between two Ethernet interfaces. This way I can silently filter traffic coming from either direction with no NATing problems. Note that my filter is an application that acts as a pipe filter, similar to the design of unix command-line filters: >[eth0] <----------> [my filter] <----------> [eth1]< What I am already aware of, but are not suitable: Tun/Tap - Works at the lower packet layer, I need to work with the higher layer streams. Ettercap - I can't find any way to do replacements other than the restricted capabilities in the example above. Hooking into some VPN software? - I just can't figure out which or exactly how. libnetfilter_queue - Works with lower layer packets, not TCP/IP streams. Again, the rewriting should occur at the transport layer (Layer 4) as it does in this example, instead of a lower layer packet-based approach. Exact code will help immensely! Thanks!

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  • Interesting task using random numbers only

    - by psihodelia
    Given any number of the random real numbers from the interval [0,1] is there exist any method to construct a floating point number with zero decimal part? Your algorithm can use only random() function calls and no variables or constants. No constants and variables are allowed, no type casting is allowed. You can use for/while, if/else or any other programming language operands.

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  • Saving a Django form with a Many2Many field with through table

    - by PhilGo20
    So I have this model with multiple Many2Many relationship. 2 of those (EventCategorizing and EventLocation are through tables/intermediary models) class Event(models.Model): """ Event information for Way-finding and Navigator application""" categories = models.ManyToManyField('EventCategorizing', null=True, blank=True, help_text="categories associated with the location") #categories associated with the location images = models.ManyToManyField(KMSImageP, null=True, blank=True) #images related to the event creator = models.ForeignKey(User, verbose_name=_('creator'), related_name="%(class)s_created") locations = models.ManyToManyField('EventLocation', null=True, blank=True) In my view, I first need to save the creator as the request user, so I use the commit=False parameter to get the form values. if event_form.is_valid(): event = event_form.save(commit=False) #we save the request user as the creator event.creator = request.user event.save() event = event_form.save_m2m() event.save() I get the following error: *** TypeError: 'EventCategorizing' instance expected I can manually add the M2M relationship to my "event" instance, but I am sure there is a simpler way. Am I missing on something ?

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  • datetime object

    - by Rahul99
    My input string is '16-MAR-2010 03:37:04' and i want to store it as datetime. I am trying to use: db_inst.HB_Create_Ship_Date = datetime.strptime(fields[7]," %d-%b-%Y %H:%M:%S ") fields[7] = '16-MAR-2010 03:37:04' I am getting an error: ::ValueError: time data '16-MAR-2010 03:37:04' does not match format ' %d-%b-%Y %H:%M:%S ' Which format do I have to use?

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  • can I put my sqlite connection and cursor in a function?

    - by steini
    I was thinking I'd try to make my sqlite db connection a function instead of copy/pasting the ~6 lines needed to connect and execute a query all over the place. I'd like to make it versatile so I can use the same function for create/select/insert/etc... Below is what I have tried. The 'INSERT' and 'CREATE TABLE' queries are working, but if I do a 'SELECT' query, how can I work with the values it fetches outside of the function? Usually I'd like to print the values it fetches and also do other things with them. When I do it like below I get an error Traceback (most recent call last): File "C:\Users\steini\Desktop\py\database\test3.py", line 15, in <module> for row in connection('testdb45.db', "select * from users"): ProgrammingError: Cannot operate on a closed database. So I guess the connection needs to be open so I can get the values from the cursor, but I need to close it so the file isn't always locked. Here's my testing code: import sqlite3 def connection (db, arg): conn = sqlite3.connect(db) conn.execute('pragma foreign_keys = on') cur = conn.cursor() cur.execute(arg) conn.commit() conn.close() return cur connection('testdb.db', "create table users ('user', 'email')") connection('testdb.db', "insert into users ('user', 'email') values ('joey', 'foo@bar')") for row in connection('testdb45.db', "select * from users"): print row How can I make this work?

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  • Query distinct list of choices for Django form with App Engine Datastore

    - by Brian
    I've been trying to figure this out for hours across a couple of days, and can not get it to work. I've been everywhere. I'll continue trying to figure it out, but was hoping for a quicker solution. I'm using App Engine datastore + Django. Using a query in a view and custom forms, I was able to get a list to the form but then I was not able to post. I have been trying to figure out how to dynamically add the choices as part of the Django form... I've tried various ways with no success. Help! Below are the two models. I'd like to get a distinct list of address_id to show in the location field in InfoForm. This fields could (and maybe should) be named the same, but I thought it'd be easier if they were named different. class Info(db.Model): user = db.UserProperty() location = db.StringProperty() info = db.StringProperty() created = db.DateTimeProperty(auto_now_add=True) modified = db.DateTimeProperty(auto_now=True) class Locations(db.Model): user = db.UserProperty() address_id = db.StringProperty() address = db.StringProperty() class InfoForm(djangoforms.ModelForm): info = forms.ChoiceField(choices=INFO_CHOICES) location = forms.ChoiceField() class Meta: model = Info exclude = ['user','created','modified']

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