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• How do I process a nested list?

  - by ddbeck

  Suppose I have a bulleted list like this: * list item 1 * list item 2 (a parent) ** list item 3 (a child of list item 2) ** list item 4 (a child of list item 2 as well) *** list item 5 (a child of list item 4 and a grand-child of list item 2) * list item 6 I'd like to parse that into a nested list or some other data structure which makes the parent-child relationship between elements explicit (rather than depending on their contents and relative position). For example, here's a list of tuples containing an item and a list of its children (and so forth): [('list item 1',), ('list item 2', [('list item 3',), [('list item 4', [('list item 5'),]] ('list item 6',)] I've attempted to do this with plain Python and some experimentation with Pyparsing, but I'm not making progress. I'm left with two major questions: What's the strategy I need to employ to make this work? I know recursion is part of the solution, but I'm having a hard time making the connection between this and, say, a Fibonacci sequence. I'm certain I'm not the first person to have done this, but I don't know the terminology of the problem to make fruitful searches for more information on this topic. What problems are related to this so that I can learn more about solving these kinds of problems in general?

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• Swingworker producing duplicate output/output out of order?

  - by Stefan Kendall

  What is the proper way to guarantee delivery when using a SwingWorker? I'm trying to route data from an InputStream to a JTextArea, and I'm running my SwingWorker with the execute method. I think I'm following the example here, but I'm getting out of order results, duplicates, and general nonsense. Here is my non-working SwingWorker: class InputStreamOutputWorker extends SwingWorker<List<String>,String> { private InputStream is; private JTextArea output; public InputStreamOutputWorker(InputStream is, JTextArea output) { this.is = is; this.output = output; } @Override protected List<String> doInBackground() throws Exception { byte[] data = new byte[4 * 1024]; int len = 0; while ((len = is.read(data)) > 0) { String line = new String(data).trim(); publish(line); } return null; } @Override protected void process( List<String> chunks ) { for( String s : chunks ) { output.append(s + "\n"); } } }

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• What does it mean that "Lisp can be written in itself?"

  - by Mason Wheeler

  Paul Graham wrote that "The unusual thing about Lisp-- in fact, the defining quality of Lisp-- is that it can be written in itself." But that doesn't seem the least bit unusual or definitive to me. ISTM that a programming language is defined by two things: Its compiler or interpreter, which defines the syntax and the semantics for the language by fiat, and its standard library, which defines to a large degree the idioms and techniques that skilled users will use when writing code in the language. With a few specific exceptions, (the non-C# members of the .NET family, for example,) most languages' standard libraries are written in that language for two very good reasons: because it will share the same set of syntactical definitions, function calling conventions, and the general "look and feel" of the language, and because the people who are likely to write a standard library for a programming language are its users, and particularly its designer(s). So there's nothing unique there; that's pretty standard. And again, there's nothing unique or unusual about a language's compiler being written in itself. C compilers are written in C. Pascal compilers are written in Pascal. Mono's C# compiler is written in C#. Heck, even some scripting languages have implementations "written in itself". So what does it mean that Lisp is unusual in being written in itself?

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• Is it possible to update old database from dbml file ? (C#, .Net 4, Linq, SQL Server)

  - by Emil

  Hi all, I began recently a new job, a very interesting project (C#,.Net 4, Linq, VS 2010 and SQL Server). And immediately I got a very exciting challenge: I must implement either a new tool or integrate the logic when program start, or whatever, but what must happen is the following: the customers have previous application and database (full with their specific data). Now a new version is ready and the customer gets the update. In the mean time we made some modification on DB (new table, columns, maybe an old column deleted, or whatever). I’m pretty new in Linq and also SQL databases and my first solution can be: I check the applications/databases version and implement all the changes step by step comparing all tables, columns, keys, constrains, etc. (all this new information I have in my dbml and the old I asked from the existing DB). And I’ll do this each time the version changed. But somehow I feel, this is NOT a smart solution so I look for a general solution of this problem. Is there a way to update customers DB from the dbml file? To create a new one is not a problem (CreateDatabase with DataContext), is there any update/alter database methods? I guess I’m not the only one who search for such a solution (I found nothing in internet – or I looked for bad keywords). How did you solve this problem? I look also for an external tool, but first for a solution with C#, Linq or something similar. For any idea thank you in advance! Best regards, Emil

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• Textually diffing JSON

  - by Richard Levasseur

  As part of my release processes, I have to compare some JSON configuration data used by my application. As a first attempt, I just pretty-printed the JSON and diff'ed them (using kdiff3 or just diff). As that data has grown, however, kdiff3 confuses different parts in the output, making additions look like giant modifies, odd deletions, etc. It makes it really hard to figure out what is different. I've tried other diff tools, too (meld, kompare, diff, a few others), but they all have the same problem. Despite my best efforts, I can't seem to format the JSON in a way that the diff tools can understand. Example data: [ { "name": "date", "type": "date", "nullable": true, "state": "enabled" }, { "name": "owner", "type": "string", "nullable": false, "state": "enabled", } ...lots more... ] The above probably wouldn't cause the problem (the problem occurs when there begin to be hundreds of lines), but thats the gist of what is being compared. Thats just a sample; the full objects are 4-5 attributes, and some attributes have 4-5 attributes in them. The attribute names are pretty uniform, but their values pretty varied. In general, it seems like all the diff tools confuse the closing "}" with the next objects closing "}". I can't seem to break them of this habit. I've tried adding whitespace, changing indentation, and adding some "BEGIN" and "END" strings before and after the respective objects, but the tool still get confused.

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• sIFR header with inside span

  - by Pokepoke

  I've got the following situation: <h2>This text is <span>pretty awesome</span></h2> I'm trying to give both a different style like this (only the css): h2 { font-size: 21px; text-transform: uppercase; line-height: 37px; height: 36px; text-align: right; margin-right: 10px; } h2 span { font-size: 16px; color: #666666; text-transform: lowercase; } Now just calling this like the following things doenst work and only displays the general H2 style: sIFR.replace(headache, { selector: 'h2', css: ['.sIFR-root { stylesforh2 } '], wmode: 'transparent' }); sIFR.replace(headache, { selector: 'h2 span', css: ['.sIFR-root { stylesforspan } '], wmode: 'transparent' }); neither does this work: sIFR.replace(headache, { selector: 'h2', css: ['.sIFR-root { stylesforh2 }, span { stylesforspan} '], wmode: 'transparent' }); I'm a sIFR firsttimer and I'm problably doing something silly wrong, but I cant figure it out. Can someone tell me how its done properly? Using sIFRT version 3, revision 436. Tnx in advance

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• Replicating SQL's 'Join' in Python

  - by Daniel Mathews

  I'm in the process of trying to switch from R to Python (mainly issues around general flexibility). With Numpy, matplotlib and ipython, I've am able to cover all my use cases save for merging 'datasets'. I would like to simulate SQL's join by clause (inner, outer, full) purely in python. R handles this with the 'merge' function. I've tried the numpy.lib.recfunctions join_by, but it critical issues with duplicates along the 'key': join_by(key, r1, r2, jointype='inner', r1postfix='1', r2postfix='2', defaults=None, usemask=True, asrecarray=False) Join arrays r1 and r2 on key key. The key should be either a string or a sequence of string corresponding to the fields used to join the array. An exception is raised if the key field cannot be found in the two input arrays. Neither r1 nor r2 should have any duplicates along key: the presence of duplicates will make the output quite unreliable. Note that duplicates are not looked for by the algorithm. source: http://presbrey.mit.edu:1234/numpy.lib.recfunctions.html Any pointers or help will be most appreciated!

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• Number Algorithm

  - by James

  I've been struggling to wrap my head around this for some reason. I have 15 bits that represent a number. The bits must match a pattern. The pattern is defined in the way the bits start out: they are in the most flush-right representation of that pattern. So say the pattern is 1 4 1. The bits will be: 000000010111101 So the general rule is, take each number in the pattern, create that many bits (1, 4 or 1 in this case) and then have at least one space separating them. So if it's 1 2 6 1 (it will be random): 001011011111101 Starting with the flush-right version, I want to generate every single possible number that meets that pattern. The # of bits will be stored in a variable. So for a simple case, assume it's 5 bits and the initial bit pattern is: 00101. I want to generate: 00101 01001 01010 10001 10010 10100 I'm trying to do this in Objective-C, but anything resembling C would be fine. I just can't seem to come up with a good recursive algorithm for this. It makes sense in the above example, but when I start getting into 12431 and having to keep track of everything it breaks down.

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• What do these errors mean? ISOC++ forbids assignment of arrays...

  - by xunlinkx

  I'm trying to compile some code on one of our systems for our DBA...I've edited the makefiles to include the pertinent libraries listed in the documentation, but I keep getting these errors... Can you discern any obvious problems from my command lines in reference to the errors listed? Thank you! make -f /u01/app/banner/ban8/TEST3/links/Makefile_tm_linux64_redhat5_ban8.mk gcc -m64 -D_NOFIXARGPTR -fpic -shared -DTMCILIB_EXPORTS -D_TMUNICODE -I/usr/local/ban_icu -I/usr/local/src/icu/source/i18n/ -I/usr/local/src/icu/source/common/ -I/usr/local/src/icu/source/extra/ustdio/ -I/usr/local/src/icu/source/io -L/usr/lib64 -L/usr/lib -L/usr/local/src/icu/source/data/ -L/usr/local/src/icu/source/data/out/ -L/usr/local/src/icu/source/tools/toolutil/ -L/usr/lib/im/icuconv/ -L/usr/local/lib/ -L. -licui18n -licudata -licuuc -licu-toolutil -licuio msgfmttm.cpp umsgtm.cpp tmcilib.cpp -o /u01/app/banner/ban8/TEST3/general/exe/libtmciuc.so umsgtm.cpp: In function ‘void fixArgPtr(const UChar*, __va_list_tag (*)[1])’: umsgtm.cpp:158: error: array must be initialized with a brace-enclosed initializer umsgtm.cpp:194: error: ISO C++ forbids assignment of arrays umsgtm.cpp: In function ‘int32_t tmumsg_vformat(void*, UChar, int32_t, __va_list_tag*, UErrorCode*)’: umsgtm.cpp:305: error: cannot convert ‘__va_list_tag**’ to ‘__va_list_tag ()[1]’ for argument ‘2’ to ‘void fixArgPtr(const UChar, __va_list_tag (*)[1])’ tmcilib.cpp: In function ‘int tmprintf(TMBundle*, const UChar*, ...)’: tmcilib.cpp:743: error: array must be initialized with a brace-enclosed initializer tmcilib.cpp: In function ‘int tmfprintf(TMBundle*, UFILE*, const UChar*, ...)’: tmcilib.cpp:757: error: array must be initialized with a brace-enclosed initializer tmcilib.cpp: In function ‘int tmsprintf(TMBundle*, UChar*, const UChar*, ...)’: tmcilib.cpp:808: error: array must be initialized with a brace-enclosed initializer

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• How can I do batch image processing with ImageJ in clojure?

  - by Robert McIntyre

  I want to use ImageJ to do some processing of several thousand images. Is there a way to take any general imageJ plugin and apply it to hundreds of images automatically? For example, say I want to take my thousand images and apply a polar transformation to each--- A polar transformation plugin for ImageJ can be found here: http://rsbweb.nih.gov/ij/plugins/polar-transformer.html Great! Let's use it. From: [http://albert.rierol.net/imagej_programming_tutorials.html#How%20to%20automate%20an%20ImageJ%20dialog] I find that I can apply a plugin using the following: (defn x-polar [imageP] (let [thread (Thread/currentThread) options ""] (.setName thread "Run$_polar-transform") (Macro/setOptions thread options) (IJ/runPlugIn imageP "Polar_Transformer" ""))) This is good because it suppresses the dialog which would otherwise pop up for every image. But running this always brings up a window containing the transformed image, when what I want is to simply return the transformed image. The stupidest way to do what I want is to just close the window that comes up and return the image which it was displaying. Does what I want but is absolutely retarded: (defn x-polar [imageP] (let [thread (Thread/currentThread) options ""] (.setName thread "Run$_polar-transform") (Macro/setOptions thread options) (IJ/runPlugIn imageP "Polar_Transformer" "") (let [return-image (IJ/getImage)] (.hide return-image) return-image))) I'm obviously missing something about how to use imageJ plugins in a programming context. Does anyone know the right way to do this? Thanks, --Robert McIntyre

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• Yet Another crosdomain.xml question or: "How to interpret documentation correctly"

  - by cboese

  Hi! I have read a lot about the new policy-policy of flash player and also know the master policy file. Now image the following situation: There are two servers with services (http) running at custom ports servera.com:2222/websiteA serverb.com:3333/websiteB Now I open a swf from server a (eg. servera.com:2222/websiteA/A.swf) that wants to access the service of serverb. Of course I need a crossdomain.xml at the right place and there are multiple variations possible. I dont want to use a master policy file, as I might not have control over the root of both servers. One solution I found works with the following crossdomain: <?xml version="1.0"?> <cross-domain-policy> <allow-access-from domain="*"/> </cross-domain-policy> served at serverb.com:3333/websiteB/crossdomain.xml So now for my question: Is it possible to get rid of the "*" and use a proper (not as general as *) domainname in the allow-access-from rule? All my attempts failed, and from what I understand it should be possible.

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• having trouble disabling textbox in vb.net

  - by user225269

  How do I disable a textbox the second time? here is my code, In form load the textbox is disabled, unless the user will input an idnumber that is in the database. But what if the user will input an idnumber that is in the database then, input again another that is not, That is where this code comes in, but it has problems, it doesnt disable the textbox in the event of a mouse click, what would be the proper way of doing this? Private Sub Button12_MouseClick(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As System.Windows.Forms.MouseEventArgs) Handles Button12.MouseClick Dim NoAcc As String Dim NoAccmod2 As String Dim NoPas As String Dim sqlcon As New MySqlConnection("Server=localhost; Database=school;Uid=root;Pwd=nitoryolai123$%^;") Dim sqlcom As MySqlCommand = New MySqlCommand("Select * from student where IDNO= '" & TextBox14.Text & "' ", sqlcon) sqlcon.Open() Dim rdr As MySqlDataReader rdr = sqlcom.ExecuteReader If rdr.HasRows Then rdr.Read() NoAcc = rdr("IDNO") If (TextBox14.Text <> NoAcc) Then MsgBox("ID Number is not yet registered!, please register first in the general information before trying to register parents information", MsgBoxStyle.Information) TextBox7.Enabled = False TextBox8.Enabled = False TextBox9.Enabled = False TextBox10.Enabled = False TextBox11.Enabled = False TextBox12.Enabled = False TextBox13.Enabled = False End If End If

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• cross-platform scripting for windows, Linux, MacOS X

  - by karolrvn

  Hi. I'm looking for cross-platform scripting (language) for windows, Linux, MacOS X. I'm tired of .bat / bash . I would like to do things like for example ,,lock workstation'' at automatic login (I had this in X-Window but the solution was pretty ugly; now, I would like that on MS Windows and not that ugly :-) ). Generally: automate tasks. Or would I be better off with Windows Scripting Host? PowerShell also comes to mind, but that's seems to Windows-only for my taste. Can languages like Python, Ruby, (Java?) interact (elegantly? sensibly?) with WSH? Also things like DBUS, DCOM, etc come to mind as part of the picture. Currently I use a mixture of Java, .bat, bash, Ruby, Scala; some VBA for Excel. Which sometimes gets pretty ugly. I would like a cross-platform general solution with/using ,,native'' parts close to OS-specifics. Like e.g. Ruby driving some Windows-specific stuff (just a guess). What do You use? TIA

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• C# compiler error CS0006: metadata file is not found

  - by Rob

  I've built a c# compiler using the tutorial on MSDN and a few other resources including here, and I've gotten it to work until I add additional reference assemblies. My errors stem from adding "System.dll" and "System.Windows.Forms.dll" to the ReferenceAssemblies list. here's my code: private void SetUpCompilingParameters() { string ver = string.Format("{0}.{1}.{2}", Environment.Version.Major, Environment.Version.MajorRevision, Environment.Version.Build); string libDir = string.Format(@"{0}", Environment.CurrentDirectory); string raDir = @"C:\Program Files (x86)\Reference Assemblies\Microsoft\Framework\.NETFramework\v4.0"; string exWpfDir = string.Format(@"C:\WINDOWS\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v{0}\WPF", ver); string exDir = string.Format(@"C:\WINDOWS\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v{0}", ver); MyCompiler = new CSharpCodeProvider(); CompilingParam = new CompilerParameters(); CompilingParam.GenerateExecutable = false; CompilingParam.GenerateInMemory = true; CompilingParam.IncludeDebugInformation = false; CompilingParam.TreatWarningsAsErrors = false; CompilingParam.CompilerOptions = string.Format("/lib:{0}", libDir); CompilingParam.CompilerOptions = string.Format("/lib:{0}", raDir); CompilingParam.CompilerOptions = string.Format("/lib:{0}", exDir); //CompilingParam.CompilerOptions = string.Format("/lib:{0}", exWpfDir); CompilingParam.ReferencedAssemblies.Add("System.dll"); CompilingParam.ReferencedAssemblies.Add("System.Windows.Forms.dll"); } As you can see, I've explicitly referenced directories in CompilerOptions but its not helping. I'd like to test the solution on here on stackoverflow that utilizes: CompilingParam.ReferencedAssemblies.Add(typeof(System.Xml.Linq.Extensions).Assembly.Location); but I'm having trouble using it for the general System.dll etc...

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• Working around "one executable per project" in Visual C# for many small test programs

  - by Kevin Ivarsen

  When working with Visual Studio in general (or Visual C# Express in my particular case), it looks like each project can be configured to produce only one output - e.g. a single executable or a library. I'm working on a project that consists of a shared library and a few application, and I already have one project in my solution for each of those. However, during development I find it useful to write small example programs that can run one small subsystem in isolation (at a level that doesn't belong in the unit tests). Is there a good way to handle this in Visual Studio? I'd like to avoid adding several dozen separate projects to my solution for each small test program I write, especially when these programs will typically be less than 100 lines of code. I'm hoping to find something that lets me continue to work in Visual Studio and use its build system (rather than moving to something like NAnt). I could foresee the answer being something like: A way of setting this up in Visual Studio that I haven't found yet A GUI like NUnit's graphical runner that searches an assembly for classes with defined Main() functions that you can select and run A command line tool that lets you specify an assembly and a class with a Main function to run

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• Understanding CSRF - Simple Question

  - by byronh

  I know this might make me seem like an idiot, I've read everything there is to read about CSRF and I still don't understand how using a 'challenge token' would add any sort of prevention. Please help me clarify the basic concept, none of the articles and posts here on SO I read seemed to really explicitly state what value you're comparing with what. From OWASP: In general, developers need only generate this token once for the current session. After initial generation of this token, the value is stored in the session and is utilized for each subsequent request until the session expires. If I understand the process correctly, this is what happens. I log in at http://example.com and a session/cookie is created containing this random token. Then, every form includes a hidden input also containing this random value from the session which is compared with the session/cookie upon form submission. But what does that accomplish? Aren't you just taking session data, putting it in the page, and then comparing it with the exact same session data? Seems like circular reasoning. These articles keep talking about following the "same-origin policy" but that makes no sense, because all CSRF attacks ARE of the same origin as the user, just tricking the user into doing actions he/she didn't intend. Is there any alternative other than appending the token to every single URL as a query string? Seems very ugly and impractical, and makes bookmarking harder for the user.

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• The uncatchable exception

  - by chaiguy

  Another custom MarkupExtension binding question... This time, my converter is being called before DataContext is set on the target element. This isn't a big deal because it will get updated when DataContext eventually receives a value. What is causing problems is the NullReferenceException I'm getting because of DataContext being null. Even though I'm attempting to catch the exception in my value converter: try { return ( (MethodInfo)_member ).Invoke( parameter, null ); } catch { return Binding.DoNothing; } For some reason the debugger is still halting at this point. Now I'm thinking it could be because the exception is happening in another assembly from where it is being caught (I'm trying to package this in a reusable class library, and _member above points to a method in the application assembly). If I run my little test app without the debugger it works fine, however my application is a little more robust and has general exception handling which is getting triggered because of this. I'm wondering if there is just some attribute or something (or perhaps some reflection parameter I'm missing?) I can use to make the exception be caught like it's supposed to.

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• Efficient AutoSuggest with jQuery?

  - by nobosh

  I'm working to build a jQuery AutoSuggest plugin, inspired by Apple's spotlight. Here is the general code: $(document).ready(function() { $('#q').bind('keyup', function() { if( $(this).val().length == 0) { // Hide the q-suggestions box $('#q-suggestions').fadeOut(); } else { // Show the AJAX Spinner $("#q").css("background-image","url(/images/ajax-loader.gif)"); $.ajax({ url: '/search/spotlight/', data: {"q": $(this).val()}, success: function(data) { $('#q-suggestions').fadeIn(); // Show the q-suggestions box $('#q-suggestions').html(data); // Fill the q-suggestions box // Hide the AJAX Spinner $("#q").css("background-image","url(/images/icon-search.gif)"); } }); } }); The issue I want to solve well & elegantly, is not killing the sever. Right now the code above hits the server every time you type a key and does not wait for you to essentially finish typing. What's the best way to solve this? A. Kill previous AJAX request? B. Some type of AJAX caching? C. Adding some type of delay to only submit .AJAX() when the person has stopped typing for 300ms or so?

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• Am I Writing Assembly Or NASM?

  - by cam

  I'm fed up with this. I've been trying to just get a grip on assembly for awhile, but I feel like I'm coding towards my compiler rather than a language. I've been using this tutorial, and so far it's giving me hell. I'm using NASM, which may be the problem, but I figured it was the most popular one. I'm simply trying to learn the most general form of assembly, so I decided to learn x86. I keep running into stupid errors, like not being able to increment a variable. Here's the latest one: not being able to use div. mov bx, 0; mov cx, 0; jmp start; start: inc cx; mov ax, cx; div 3; <-- invalid combination of opcode and operand cmp ah,0; jz totalvalue; mov ax, cx; div 5; <-- invalid combination of opcode and operand cmp ah, 0; jz totalvalue; cmp cx, 1000; jz end; totalvalue: add bx,cx; jmp start; jmp end; end: mov ah,4ch; mov al,00; int 21h; Should I change compilers? It seems like division should be standard. Do I need to read two tutorials (one on NASM, and one on x86?). Any specific help on this problem?

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• Only last row in method execute (Objective-C)

  - by Emil

  First I want to apologize for my lack of knowledge in programming in general. I am in the way of learning and have discovered that this site is a huge compliment for me of doing so. I have created a program with three UITextField(thePlace,theVerb,theOutput) and two UITextView where one of the textviews(theOutput) take the text from the other textview(theTemplate) and replaces some strings with the text entered in the textfields. When I click a button it triggers the method createStory that is listed below. This works fine with one exception. The text in the output only changes the string 'number' to the text in the textfield. However if I change the order in the method to replace 'place','number','verb' only the verb is changed, not the number. Im sure this is some sort of easy fix but I can't find it. Can some of you help me with my troubleshooting? - (IBAction)createStory:(id)sender { theOutput.text=[theTemplate.text stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:@"<place>" withString:thePlace.text]; theOutput.text=[theTemplate.text stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:@"<verb>" withString:theVerb.text]; theOutput.text=[theTemplate.text stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:@"<number>" withString:theNumber.text]; } Many thanks // Emil

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• Why not use tables for layout in HTML?

  - by Bno

  It seems to be the general opinion that tables should not be used for layout in HTML. Why? I have never (or rarely to be honest) seen good arguments for this. The usual answers are: It's good to separate content from layoutBut this is a fallacious argument; Cliche Thinking. I guess it's true that using the table element for layout has little to do with tabular data. So what? Does my boss care? Do my users care?Perhaps me or my fellow developers who have to maintain a web page care... Is a table less maintainable? I think using a table is easier than using divs and CSS.By the way... why is using a div or a span good separation of content from layout and a table not? Getting a good layout with only divs often requires a lot of nested divs. Readability of the codeI think it's the other way around. Most people understand html, few understand CSS. It's better for SEO not to use tablesWhy? Can anybody show some evidence that it is? Or a statement from Google that tables are discouraged from an SEO perspective? Tables are slower.An extra tbody element has to be inserted. This is peanuts for modern web browsers. Show me some benchmarks where the use of a table significantly slows down a page. A layout overhaul is easier without tables, see css Zen Garden.Most web sites that need an upgrade need new content (html) as well. Scenarios where a new version of a web site only needs a new CSS file are not very likely. Zen Garden is a nice web site, but a bit theoretical. Not to mention its misuse of CSS. I am really interested in good arguments to use divs + CSS instead of tables.

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• Turing Machine & Modern Computer

  - by smwikipedia

  I heard a lot that modern computers are based on Turing machine. I'd like to share my understanding and hear your comments. I think the computer is a big general-purpose Turing machine. Each program we write is a small specific-purpose Turing machine. The classical Turing machine do its job based on the input and its current state inside and so do our programs. Let's take a running program (a process) as an example. We know that in the process's address space, there's areas for stack, heap, and code. A classical Turing machine doesn't have the ability to remember many things, so we borrow the concept of stack from the push-down automaton. The heap and stack areas contains the state of our specific-purpose Turing machine (our program). The code area represents the logic of this small Turing machine. And various I/O devices supply input to this Turing machine. The above is my naive understanding about the working paradigm of modern computer. I couln't wait to hear your comments. Thanks very much.

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• Setting up a pc bluetooth server for android

  - by Del

  Alright, I've been reading a lot of topics the past two or three days and nothing seems to have asked this. I am writing a PC side server for my andriod device, this is for exchanging some information and general debugging. Eventually I will be connecting to a SPP device to control a microcontroller. I have managed, using the following (Android to pc) to connect to rfcomm channel 11 and exchange data between my android device and my pc. Method m = device.getClass().getMethod("createRfcommSocket", new Class[] { int.class }); tmp = (BluetoothSocket) m.invoke(device, Integer.valueOf(11)); I have attempted the createRfcommSocketToServiceRecord(UUID) method, with absolutely no luck. For the PC side, I have been using the C Bluez stack for linux. I have the following code which registers the service and opens a server socket: int main(int argc, char **argv) { struct sockaddr_rc loc_addr = { 0 }, rem_addr = { 0 }; char buf[1024] = { 0 }; char str[1024] = { 0 }; int s, client, bytes_read; sdp_session_t *session; socklen_t opt = sizeof(rem_addr); session = register_service(); s = socket(AF_BLUETOOTH, SOCK_STREAM, BTPROTO_RFCOMM); loc_addr.rc_family = AF_BLUETOOTH; loc_addr.rc_bdaddr = *BDADDR_ANY; loc_addr.rc_channel = (uint8_t) 11; bind(s, (struct sockaddr *)&loc_addr, sizeof(loc_addr)); listen(s, 1); client = accept(s, (struct sockaddr *)&rem_addr, &opt); ba2str( &rem_addr.rc_bdaddr, buf ); fprintf(stderr, "accepted connection from %s\n", buf); memset(buf, 0, sizeof(buf)); bytes_read = read(client, buf, sizeof(buf)); if( bytes_read 0 ) { printf("received [%s]\n", buf); } sprintf(str,"to Android."); printf("sent [%s]\n",str); write(client, str, sizeof(str)); close(client); close(s); sdp_close( session ); return 0; } sdp_session_t *register_service() { uint32_t svc_uuid_int[] = { 0x00000000,0x00000000,0x00000000,0x00000000 }; uint8_t rfcomm_channel = 11; const char *service_name = "Remote Host"; const char *service_dsc = "What the remote should be connecting to."; const char *service_prov = "Your mother"; uuid_t root_uuid, l2cap_uuid, rfcomm_uuid, svc_uuid; sdp_list_t *l2cap_list = 0, *rfcomm_list = 0, *root_list = 0, *proto_list = 0, *access_proto_list = 0; sdp_data_t *channel = 0, *psm = 0; sdp_record_t *record = sdp_record_alloc(); // set the general service ID sdp_uuid128_create( &svc_uuid, &svc_uuid_int ); sdp_set_service_id( record, svc_uuid ); // make the service record publicly browsable sdp_uuid16_create(&root_uuid, PUBLIC_BROWSE_GROUP); root_list = sdp_list_append(0, &root_uuid); sdp_set_browse_groups( record, root_list ); // set l2cap information sdp_uuid16_create(&l2cap_uuid, L2CAP_UUID); l2cap_list = sdp_list_append( 0, &l2cap_uuid ); proto_list = sdp_list_append( 0, l2cap_list ); // set rfcomm information sdp_uuid16_create(&rfcomm_uuid, RFCOMM_UUID); channel = sdp_data_alloc(SDP_UINT8, &rfcomm_channel); rfcomm_list = sdp_list_append( 0, &rfcomm_uuid ); sdp_list_append( rfcomm_list, channel ); sdp_list_append( proto_list, rfcomm_list ); // attach protocol information to service record access_proto_list = sdp_list_append( 0, proto_list ); sdp_set_access_protos( record, access_proto_list ); // set the name, provider, and description sdp_set_info_attr(record, service_name, service_prov, service_dsc); int err = 0; sdp_session_t *session = 0; // connect to the local SDP server, register the service record, and // disconnect session = sdp_connect( BDADDR_ANY, BDADDR_LOCAL, SDP_RETRY_IF_BUSY ); err = sdp_record_register(session, record, 0); // cleanup //sdp_data_free( channel ); sdp_list_free( l2cap_list, 0 ); sdp_list_free( rfcomm_list, 0 ); sdp_list_free( root_list, 0 ); sdp_list_free( access_proto_list, 0 ); return session; } And another piece of code, in addition to 'sdptool browse local' which can verifty that the service record is running on the pc: int main(int argc, char **argv) { uuid_t svc_uuid; uint32_t svc_uuid_int[] = { 0x00000000,0x00000000,0x00000000,0x00000000 }; int err; bdaddr_t target; sdp_list_t *response_list = NULL, *search_list, *attrid_list; sdp_session_t *session = 0; str2ba( "01:23:45:67:89:AB", &target ); // connect to the SDP server running on the remote machine session = sdp_connect( BDADDR_ANY, BDADDR_LOCAL, SDP_RETRY_IF_BUSY ); // specify the UUID of the application we're searching for sdp_uuid128_create( &svc_uuid, &svc_uuid_int ); search_list = sdp_list_append( NULL, &svc_uuid ); // specify that we want a list of all the matching applications' attributes uint32_t range = 0x0000ffff; attrid_list = sdp_list_append( NULL, &range ); // get a list of service records that have UUID 0xabcd err = sdp_service_search_attr_req( session, search_list, \ SDP_ATTR_REQ_RANGE, attrid_list, &response_list); sdp_list_t *r = response_list; // go through each of the service records for (; r; r = r-next ) { sdp_record_t *rec = (sdp_record_t*) r-data; sdp_list_t *proto_list; // get a list of the protocol sequences if( sdp_get_access_protos( rec, &proto_list ) == 0 ) { sdp_list_t *p = proto_list; // go through each protocol sequence for( ; p ; p = p-next ) { sdp_list_t *pds = (sdp_list_t*)p-data; // go through each protocol list of the protocol sequence for( ; pds ; pds = pds-next ) { // check the protocol attributes sdp_data_t *d = (sdp_data_t*)pds-data; int proto = 0; for( ; d; d = d-next ) { switch( d-dtd ) { case SDP_UUID16: case SDP_UUID32: case SDP_UUID128: proto = sdp_uuid_to_proto( &d-val.uuid ); break; case SDP_UINT8: if( proto == RFCOMM_UUID ) { printf("rfcomm channel: %d\n",d-val.int8); } break; } } } sdp_list_free( (sdp_list_t*)p-data, 0 ); } sdp_list_free( proto_list, 0 ); } printf("found service record 0x%x\n", rec-handle); sdp_record_free( rec ); } sdp_close(session); } Output: $ ./search rfcomm channel: 11 found service record 0x10008 sdptool: Service Name: Remote Host Service Description: What the remote should be connecting to. Service Provider: Your mother Service RecHandle: 0x10008 Protocol Descriptor List: "L2CAP" (0x0100) "RFCOMM" (0x0003) Channel: 11 And for logcat I'm getting this: 07-22 15:57:06.087: ERROR/BTLD(215): ****************search UUID = 0000*********** 07-22 15:57:06.087: INFO//system/bin/btld(209): btapp_dm_GetRemoteServiceChannel() 07-22 15:57:06.087: INFO//system/bin/btld(209): ##### USerial_Ioctl: BT_Wake, 0x8003 #### 07-22 15:57:06.097: INFO/ActivityManager(88): Displayed activity com.example.socktest/.socktest: 79 ms (total 79 ms) 07-22 15:57:06.697: INFO//system/bin/btld(209): ##### USerial_Ioctl: BT_Sleep, 0x8004 #### 07-22 15:57:07.517: WARN/BTLD(215): ccb timer ticks: 2147483648 07-22 15:57:07.517: INFO//system/bin/btld(209): ##### USerial_Ioctl: BT_Wake, 0x8003 #### 07-22 15:57:07.547: WARN/BTLD(215): info:x10 07-22 15:57:07.547: INFO/BTL-IFS(215): send_ctrl_msg: [BTL_IFS CTRL] send BTLIF_DTUN_SIGNAL_EVT (CTRL) 10 pbytes (hdl 14) 07-22 15:57:07.547: DEBUG/DTUN_HCID_BZ4(253): dtun_dm_sig_link_up() 07-22 15:57:07.547: INFO/DTUN_HCID_BZ4(253): dtun_dm_sig_link_up: dummy_handle = 342 07-22 15:57:07.547: DEBUG/ADAPTER(253): adapter_get_device(00:02:72:AB:7C:EE) 07-22 15:57:07.547: ERROR/BluetoothEventLoop.cpp(88): pollData[0] is revented, check next one 07-22 15:57:07.547: ERROR/BluetoothEventLoop.cpp(88): event_filter: Received signal org.bluez.Device:PropertyChanged from /org/bluez/253/hci0/dev_00_02_72_AB_7C_EE 07-22 15:57:07.777: WARN/BTLD(215): process_service_search_attr_rsp 07-22 15:57:07.787: INFO/BTL-IFS(215): send_ctrl_msg: [BTL_IFS CTRL] send BTLIF_DTUN_SIGNAL_EVT (CTRL) 13 pbytes (hdl 14) 07-22 15:57:07.787: INFO/DTUN_HCID_BZ4(253): dtun_dm_sig_rmt_service_channel: success=0, service=00000000 07-22 15:57:07.787: ERROR/DTUN_HCID_BZ4(253): discovery unsuccessful! 07-22 15:57:08.497: INFO//system/bin/btld(209): ##### USerial_Ioctl: BT_Sleep, 0x8004 #### 07-22 15:57:09.507: INFO//system/bin/btld(209): ##### USerial_Ioctl: BT_Wake, 0x8003 #### 07-22 15:57:09.597: INFO/BTL-IFS(215): send_ctrl_msg: [BTL_IFS CTRL] send BTLIF_DTUN_SIGNAL_EVT (CTRL) 11 pbytes (hdl 14) 07-22 15:57:09.597: DEBUG/DTUN_HCID_BZ4(253): dtun_dm_sig_link_down() 07-22 15:57:09.597: INFO/DTUN_HCID_BZ4(253): dtun_dm_sig_link_down device = 0xf7a0 handle = 342 reason = 22 07-22 15:57:09.597: ERROR/BluetoothEventLoop.cpp(88): pollData[0] is revented, check next one 07-22 15:57:09.597: ERROR/BluetoothEventLoop.cpp(88): event_filter: Received signal org.bluez.Device:PropertyChanged from /org/bluez/253/hci0/dev_00_02_72_AB_7C_EE 07-22 15:57:09.597: DEBUG/BluetoothA2dpService(88): Received intent Intent { act=android.bluetooth.device.action.ACL_DISCONNECTED (has extras) } 07-22 15:57:10.107: INFO//system/bin/btld(209): ##### USerial_Ioctl: BT_Sleep, 0x8004 #### 07-22 15:57:12.107: DEBUG/BluetoothService(88): Cleaning up failed UUID channel lookup: 00:02:72:AB:7C:EE 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000 07-22 15:57:12.107: ERROR/Socket Test(5234): connect() failed 07-22 15:57:12.107: DEBUG/ASOCKWRP(5234): asocket_abort [31,32,33] 07-22 15:57:12.107: INFO/BLZ20_WRAPPER(5234): blz20_wrp_shutdown: s 31, how 2 07-22 15:57:12.107: DEBUG/BLZ20_WRAPPER(5234): blz20_wrp_shutdown: fd (-1:31), bta -1, rc 0, wflags 0x0 07-22 15:57:12.107: INFO/BLZ20_WRAPPER(5234): __close_prot_rfcomm: fd 31 07-22 15:57:12.107: INFO/BLZ20_WRAPPER(5234): __close_prot_rfcomm: bind not completed on this socket 07-22 15:57:12.107: DEBUG/BLZ20_WRAPPER(5234): btlif_signal_event: fd (-1:31), bta -1, rc 0, wflags 0x0 07-22 15:57:12.107: DEBUG/BLZ20_WRAPPER(5234): btlif_signal_event: event BTLIF_BTS_EVT_ABORT matched 07-22 15:57:12.107: DEBUG/BTL_IFC_WRP(5234): wrp_close_s_only: wrp_close_s_only [31] (31:-1) [] 07-22 15:57:12.107: DEBUG/BTL_IFC_WRP(5234): wrp_close_s_only: data socket closed 07-22 15:57:12.107: DEBUG/BTL_IFC_WRP(5234): wsactive_del: delete wsock 31 from active list [ad3e1494] 07-22 15:57:12.107: DEBUG/BTL_IFC_WRP(5234): wrp_close_s_only: wsock fully closed, return to pool 07-22 15:57:12.107: DEBUG/BLZ20_WRAPPER(5234): btsk_free: success 07-22 15:57:12.107: DEBUG/BLZ20_WRAPPER(5234): blz20_wrp_write: wrote 1 bytes out of 1 on fd 33 07-22 15:57:12.107: DEBUG/ASOCKWRP(5234): asocket_destroy 07-22 15:57:12.107: DEBUG/ASOCKWRP(5234): asocket_abort [31,32,33] 07-22 15:57:12.107: INFO/BLZ20_WRAPPER(5234): blz20_wrp_shutdown: s 31, how 2 07-22 15:57:12.107: DEBUG/BLZ20_WRAPPER(5234): blz20_wrp_shutdown: btsk not found, normal close (31) 07-22 15:57:12.107: DEBUG/BLZ20_WRAPPER(5234): blz20_wrp_write: wrote 1 bytes out of 1 on fd 33 07-22 15:57:12.107: INFO/BLZ20_WRAPPER(5234): blz20_wrp_close: s 33 07-22 15:57:12.107: DEBUG/BLZ20_WRAPPER(5234): blz20_wrp_close: btsk not found, normal close (33) 07-22 15:57:12.107: INFO/BLZ20_WRAPPER(5234): blz20_wrp_close: s 32 07-22 15:57:12.107: DEBUG/BLZ20_WRAPPER(5234): blz20_wrp_close: btsk not found, normal close (32) 07-22 15:57:12.107: INFO/BLZ20_WRAPPER(5234): blz20_wrp_close: s 31 07-22 15:57:12.107: DEBUG/BLZ20_WRAPPER(5234): blz20_wrp_close: btsk not found, normal close (31) 07-22 15:57:12.157: DEBUG/Sensors(88): close_akm, fd=151 07-22 15:57:12.167: ERROR/CachedBluetoothDevice(477): onUuidChanged: Time since last connect14970690 07-22 15:57:12.237: DEBUG/Socket Test(5234): -On Stop- Sorry for bombarding you guys with what seems like a difficult question and a lot to read, but I've been working on this problem for a while and I've tried a lot of different things to get this working. Let me reiterate, I can get it to work, but not using service discovery protocol. I've tried a several different UUIDs and on two different computers, although I only have my HTC Incredible to test with. I've also heard some rumors that the BT stack wasn't working on the HTC Droid, but that isn't the case, at least, for PC interaction.

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• In Haskell, I want to read a file and then write to it. Do I need strictness annotation?

  - by Steve

  Hi, Still quite new to Haskell.. I want to read the contents of a file, do something with it possibly involving IO (using putStrLn for now) and then write new contents to the same file. I came up with: doit :: String -> IO () doit file = do contents <- withFile tagfile ReadMode $ \h -> hGetContents h putStrLn contents withFile tagfile WriteMode $ \h -> hPutStrLn h "new content" However this doesn't work due to laziness. The file contents are not printed. I found this post which explains it well. The solution proposed there is to include putStrLn within the withFile: doit :: String -> IO () doit file = do withFile tagfile ReadMode $ \h -> do contents <- hGetContents h putStrLn contents withFile tagfile WriteMode $ \h -> hPutStrLn h "new content" This works, but it's not what I want to do. The operation in I will eventually replace putStrLn might be long, I don't want to keep the file open the whole time. In general I just want to be able to get the file content out and then close it before working with that content. The solution I came up with is the following: doit :: String -> IO () doit file = do c <- newIORef "" withFile tagfile ReadMode $ \h -> do a <- hGetContents h writeIORef c $! a d <- readIORef c putStrLn d withFile tagfile WriteMode $ \h -> hPutStrLn h "Test" However, I find this long and a bit obfuscated. I don't think I should need an IORef just to get a value out, but I needed "place" to put the file contents. Also, it still didn't work without the strictness annotation $! for writeIORef. I guess IORefs are not strict by nature? Can anyone recommend a better, shorter way to do this while keeping my desired semantics? Thanks!

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• .NET RegEx - First N chars of First M lines

  - by George

  Hello! I want 4 general RegEx expressions for the following 4 basic cases: Up to A chars starting after B chars from start of line on up to C lines starting after D lines from start of file Up to A chars starting after B chars from start of line on up to C lines occurring before D lines from end of file Up to A chars starting before B chars from end of line on up to C lines starting after D lines from start of file Up to A chars starting before B chars from end of line on up to C lines starting before D lines from end of file These would allow to select arbitrary text blocks anywhere in the file. So far I have managed to come up with cases that only work for lines and chars separately: (?<=(?m:^[^\r]{N}))[^\r]{1,M} = UP TO M chars OF EVERY LINE, AFTER FIRST N chars [^\r]{1,M}(?=(?m:.{N}\r$)) = UP TO M chars OF EVERY LINE, BEFORE LAST N chars The above 2 expressions are for chars, and they return MANY matches (one for each line). (?<=(\A([^\r]*\r\n){N}))(?m:\n*[^\r]*\r$){1,M} = UP TO M lines AFTER FIRST N lines (((?=\r?)\n[^\r]*\r)|((?=\r?)\n[^\r]+\r?)){1,M}(?=((\n[^\r]*\r)|(\n[^\r]+\r?)){N}\Z) = UP TO M lines BEFORE LAST N lines from end These 2 expressions are equivalents for the lines, but they always return just ONE match. The task is to combine these expressions to allow for scenarios 1-4. Anyone can help? Note that the case in the title of the question, is just a subclass of scenario #1, where both B = 0 and D = 0. EXAMPLE: SOURCE: line1 blah 1 line2 blah 2 line3 blah 3 line4 blah 4 line5 blah 5 line6 blah 6 DESIRED RESULT: Characters 3-6 of lines 3-5: A total of 3 matches: <match>ne3 </match> <match>ne4 </match> <match>ne5 </match>

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