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• How are design-by-contract and property-based testing (QuickCheck) related?

  - by Todd Owen

  Is their only similarity the fact that they are not xUnit (or more precisely, not based on enumerating specific test cases), or is it deeper than that? Property-based testing (using QuickCheck, ScalaCheck, etc) seem well-suited to a functional programming style where side-effects are avoided. On the other hand, Design by Contract (as implemented in Eiffel) is more suited to OOP languages: you can express post-conditions about the effects of methods, not just their return values. But both of them involve testing assertions that are true in general (rather than assertions that should be true for a specific test case). And both can be tested using randomly generated inputs (with QuickCheck this is the only way, whereas with Eiffel I believe it is an optional feature of the AutoTest tool). Is there an umbrella term to encompass both approaches? Or am I imagining a relationship that doesn't really exist.

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• What is the name of this array transformation?

  - by Brandon Tilley

  Start with an array of arrays; in this case, they are different lengths in order to demonstrate the technique, but they do not have to be. [[1,2,3,4], [5,6,7], [8,9,10], [11,12,13,14,15]] At the other end of the transformation, you have an array of arrays where the first array contains the first element from each of the original arrays, the second array contains the second element from each of the original arrays, and so on. [[1,5,8,11], [2,6,9,12], [3,7,10,13], [4,14], [15]] Is there a mathematical or CS term for this operation?

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• How do I Export to excel on aspx page?

  - by meltdownmonk

  I am trying to take data that I request from an access database and put it into and excel file on the client computer. I usually use ajax to request a summary of the data I need. It is formatted into an html table. I need that table to be in an excel format for the user to download. What I have tried already is to use the vb.net code to open excel and silently save the data to a file, however I realized it's the sever side that opens excel, not the client side, in my locally testing of the code, excel would open on my machine and create the file. When running this on the network, I realized excel isn't on the server, I am not sure if I should just install it, or try and steam the file.

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• python factory function best practices

  - by Jason S

  Suppose I have a file foo.py containing a class Foo: class Foo(object): def __init__(self, data): ... Now I want to add a function that creates a Foo object in a certain way from raw source data. Should I put it as a static method in Foo or as another separate function? class Foo(object): def __init__(self, data): ... # option 1: @staticmethod def fromSourceData(sourceData): return Foo(processData(sourceData)) # option 2: def makeFoo(sourceData): return Foo(processData(sourceData)) I don't know whether it's more important to be convenient for users: foo1 = foo.makeFoo(sourceData) or whether it's more important to maintain clear coupling between the method and the class: foo1 = foo.Foo.fromSourceData(sourceData)

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• How to organize functional programs

  - by bleakcabal

  In OOP, your basic unit of organization for code is the class. A frequently used methodology in Java, C# and similar languages is to organize your code around having one file for each class with the file name following the class name. You can consider each of these class as a unit of organization to group a single concept. These classes are in in namespaces which often follow the directory structure of the files in the solution/project. Namespaces are another level of organization. How are large projects in functional languages typically organized? How to you determine how to split your functions into different files? Are other units of grouping beside files used? How is code typically organized within a single file?

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• How are undocumented functions discovered?

  - by Paska

  Hi all, I've always wondered how do you find undocumented / private API ? Example the Apple undocumented / private API, Play Station, Windows Phone 7, Win32 Kernel, Windows API, hidden callback, etc... What tools do hackers use to find out about private and undocumented functions? Where can I read about peoples' experiences delving into private APIs and reverse engineering techniques which reveal the secrets which are normally explained in API documentation? thanks, A

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• Windows Azure HPC Scheduler Architecture

  - by Churianov Roman

  So far I've found very little information on the scheduling policy, resource management policy of Azure HPC Scheduler. I would appreciate any kind of information regarding some of these questions: What scheduling policy does a Head Node use to scatter jobs to Compute Nodes? Does Azure Scheduler use prior information about the jobs (compute time, memory demands ...) ? If 'yes', how it gets this information? Does Azure Scheduler split a job into several parallel jobs on one Compute node? Does it have any protection from Compute Node failures? (what it does when a compute node stops responding) Does it support addition/subtraction of Compute nodes? Is it possible to cancel a job? P.S. I'm aware of the MSDN resource Windows Azure HPC Scheduler. I found only information of how to use this Scheduler but almost nothing about how it works inside.

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• How do you QA and release software quickly (some call it agile) with a large team?

  - by sadadasd

  My work used to be a smaller team. We had less than 13 devs for a while. We are now growing rapidly, and are over 20 with plans to be over 30 in a few months (triple dev size!!!) Our process for QA'ing and releasing each build is no longer working. We currently have everyone develop the new code, and stick it onto a staging environment. A few days before our weekly release, we would freeze the staging environement and QA everything new / old. By our normal release time everything was usually deemed acceptable and pushed out the door to the main site. We reached a point where our code got too big so we could no longer regress the entire site each week in QA. We were ok with that, we jsut made a list of everything important and only covered that and the new stuff. Now we are reaching a point where all the new stuff each week is becoming too big and too unstable. Our staging environment is really buggy week after week, and we are usually 1-2 hrs behind the normal release time. As the team is growing further, we are going to drown with this same process. We are re-evaluating everything, and I personally am looking for suggestions / success stories. Many companies have been where before and progressed beyond, we need to do the same

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• Reasons to Use Version Control [closed]

  - by Solomon Wise

  Possible Duplicate: I'm a Subversion geek, why I should consider or not consider Mercurial or Git or any other DVCS? What is the value of using version control? I am a relative noob to programming, and am not going to be developing super-good software or even programming professionally anytime soon. With this predicament, is there really any reason to learn git or subversion or any other version control systems?

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• "Half of everything you know will be obsolete in 18-24 months" = ( True, or False? )

  - by blunders

  Just ran across this, and wondering if anyone has a way to prove or disprove this statement: Something to keep in mind ... what's the half-life of knowledge in high tech? It tracks with Moore's Law: half of everything you know will be obsolete in 18-24 months. SOURCE: Within answer by Craig Trader to this question "What is the single most effective thing you did to improve your programming skills?"

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• If you should only have one assertion per test; how to test multiple inputs?

  - by speg

  I'm trying to build up some test cases, and have read that you should try and limit the number of assertions per test case. So my question is, what is the best way to go about testing a function w/ multiple inputs. For example, I have a function that parses a string from the user and returns the number of minutes. The string can be in the form "5w6h2d1m", where w, h, d, m correspond to the number of weeks, hours, days, and minutes. If I wanted to follow the '1 assertion per test rule' I'd have to make multiple tests for each variation of input? That seems silly so instead I just have something like: self.assertEqual(parse_date('5m'), 5) self.assertEqual(parse_date('5h'), 300) self.assertEqual(parse_date('5d') ,7200) self.assertEqual(parse_date('1d4h20m'), 1700) In the one test case. Is there a better way?

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• Keeping a domain model consistent with actual data

  - by fstuijt

  Recently domain driven design got my attention, and while thinking about how this approach could help us I came across the following problem. In DDD the common approach is to retrieve entities (or better, aggregate roots) from a repository which acts as a in-memory collection of these entities. After these entities have been retrieved, they can be updated or deleted by the user, however after retrieval they are essentially disconnected from the data source and one must actively inform the repository to update the data source and make is consistent again with our in-memory representation. What is the DDD approach to retrieving entities that should remain connected to the data source? For example, in our situation we retrieve a series of sensors that have a specific measurement during retrieval. Over time, these measurement values may change and our business logic in the domain model should respond to these changes properly. E.g., domain events may be raised if a sensor value exceeds a predefined threshold. However, using the repository approach, these sensor values are just snapshots, and are disconnected from the data source. Does any of you have an idea on how to solve this following the DDD approach?

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• When do one give up on programming challenges to look at the solutions?

  - by snowpolar

  Recently, I have been trying to learn programming and improve my ability in writing method level code through practices on websites such as Codingbat.com However in the recent weeks I have been stuck for weeks at the last 2-3 questions of String-2/Array-2 and early String/Array-3 problems. It feels really tempting for me to give up and google online for the solutions, but I'm afraid that by doing so I may end up not improving my ability at all. I wonder if this is common and when faced with such situations how long do 1 wait before giving up to look at the solutions or to continue spending more weeks on trying to solve the problems by yourself? How do 1 really engage in effective deliberate practice to improve programming ability and attain the necessary problem solving techniques? Any formal techniques available to tackle the never seen before problems?

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• Looking for a better Factory pattern (Java)

  - by Sam Goldberg

  After doing a rough sketch of a high level object model, I am doing iterative TDD, and letting the other objects emerge as a refactoring of the code (as it increases in complexity). (That whole approach may be a discussion/argument for another day.) In any case, I am at the point where I am looking to refactor code blocks currently in an if-else blocks into separate objects. This is because there is another another value combination which creates new set of logical sub-branches. To be more specific, this is a trading system feature, where buy orders have different behavior than sell orders. Responses to the orders have a numeric indicator field which describes some event that occurred (e.g. fill, cancel). The combination of this numeric indicator field plus whether it is a buy or sell, require different processing buy the code. Creating a family of objects to separate the code for the unique handling each of the combinations of the 2 fields seems like a good choice at this point. The way I would normally do this, is to create some Factory object which when called with the 2 relevant parameters (indicator, buysell), would return the correct subclass of the object. Some times I do this pattern with a map, which allows to look up a live instance (or constructor to use via reflection), and sometimes I just hard code the cases in the Factory class. So - for some reason this feels like not good design (e.g. one object which knows all the subclasses of an interface or parent object), and a bit clumsy. Is there a better pattern for solving this kind of problem? And if this factory method approach makes sense, can anyone suggest a nicer design?

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• Why would I want to use CRaSH?

  - by Adam Tannon

  Justed stumbled across CRaSH and although it looks mighty interesting, I'm wondering why a Java developer should invest time & energy into learning (yet another) shell language. What sort of standard- and cool-applications can CRaSH be used for? Is this like a Groovy-version of Jython? I guess, when the dust settles, I'm looking for CRaSH's "wow" factors. I'm sure they're there, but after spending ~20 minutes perusing the documentation I'm just not seeing them. Thanks in advance!

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• Why do some open-source projects NOT have a public issue tracker?

  - by linquize

  Why do some open source projects not allow to report issues in a public issue tracker? Those projects require the issues to be reported via email, and the issues may be forwarded to people in a mailing list. Users may repeatedly report the same issue if there is no public issue tracker, as they have no easy way to know what has been reported before. The project team members need to spend extra time answering those repeated issues. Some projects do have a public issue tracker but the issues are still reported through email and they are posted by the project team only after filtering. It does not allow anyone to report directly in issue tracker (example: SVN). Such arrangement is not transparent nor open, which I think violates the philosophy of open source. And it is outdated.

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• Do you know any studies on relation of productivity of a programmer and the workstation used?

  - by Tomasz Blachowicz

  I was wondering if there are any studies (formal or not-so-formal) that show correlation between a developer productivity and the workstation used to develop software. It is often heard as argument that the high spec workstations increase the productivity (or the low spec machines impact productivity to the greater extent). To me it sound reasonable, however I'd like to verify the statement with some studies if such exists. Can you help me with that?

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• is it possible to get a programming job in the bay area?

  - by user475119

  Is it my perception or is it reality that it is harder to get software development work in Silicon Valley, than in other population centers? My theory is that some of the best and brightest (and youngest) are all here. All working for the top tech companies. And, little ol' me, over 40, math degree (not at Standford or Berkeley), ok at algorithms, and with many skills with many programming tools and concepts, but not published, and not top my class has a bit of a tough time competing. (I'm a Python programmer, by the way.) Thanks

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• TDD, new tests while old ones not implemented yet

  - by liori

  I am experimenting with test-driven development, and I found that I often come to a following situation: I write tests for some functionality X. Those tests fail. While trying to implement X, I see that I need to implement some feature Y in a lower layer of my code. So... I write tests for Y. Now both tests for X and Y fail. Once I had 4 features in different layers of code being worked on at the same time, and I was losing my focus on what I am actually doing (too many tests failing at the same time). I think I could solve this by putting more effort into planning my tasks even before I start writing tests. But in some cases I didn't know that I will need to go deeper, because e.g. I didn't know the API of lower layer very well. What should I do in such cases? Does TDD have any recommendations?

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• How to create Button/Switch-Like Tile where you can step on it and change its value?

  - by aldroid16

  If the player steps on a Button-Tile when its true, it becomes false. If the player steps on a Button-Tile when it is false, it becomes true. The problem is, when the player stands on (intersects) the Button-Tile, it will keep updating the condition. So, from true, it becomes false. Because its false and the player intersects it, it becomes true again. True-false-true-false and so on. I use ElapsedGameTime to make the updating process slower, and the player can have a chance to change the Button to true or false. However, it's not the solution I was looking for. Is there any other way to make it keep in False/True condition while the Player is standing on the Button tile?

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• What server-side language should I learn to be able to start big user-input websites (like twitter, facebook, stackexchange...)?

  - by DarkLightA

  I'm thinking ASP.NET, but I don't really know. Can someone tell me what a good server-side language for the "Zuckerberg-dorm-room-starting-up-a-huge-website" deal? I know the latter used PHP, but as I've understood it that's kind of outdated and C#/ASP.NET is a better way to go about it. Is HTML + CSS + JavaScript + C#/ASP.NET MVC + MySQL a good combination for it? Is MySQL combined in ASP.NET MVC? Also, where's a good tutorial for the server-side language you suggest? As mentioned previously it has to be able to handle massive user-input without much fuss.

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• How to get around the Circular Reference issue with JSON and Entity

  - by DanScan

  I have been experimenting with creating a website that leverages MVC with JSON for my presentation layer and Entity framework for data model/database. My Issue comes into play with serializing my Model objects into JSON. I am using the code first method to create my database. When doing the code first method a one to many relationship (parent/child) requires the child to have a reference back to the parent. (Example code my be a typo but you get the picture) class parent { public List<child> Children{get;set;} public int Id{get;set;} } class child { public int ParentId{get;set;} [ForeignKey("ParentId")] public parent MyParent{get;set;} public string name{get;set;} } When returning a "parent" object via a JsonResult a circular reference error is thrown because "child" has a property of class parent. I have tried the ScriptIgnore attribute but I lose the ability to look at the child objects. I will need to display information in a parent child view at some point. I have tried to make base classes for both parent and child that do not have a circular reference. Unfortunately when I attempt to send the baseParent and baseChild these are read by the JSON Parser as their derived classes (I am pretty sure this concept is escaping me). Base.baseParent basep = (Base.baseParent)parent; return Json(basep, JsonRequestBehavior.AllowGet); The one solution I have come up with is to create "View" Models. I create simple versions of the database models that do not include the reference to the parent class. These view models each have method to return the Database Version and a constructor that takes the database model as a parameter (viewmodel.name = databasemodel.name). This method seems forced although it works. NOTE:I am posting here because I think this is more discussion worthy. I could leverage a different design pattern to over come this issue or it could be as simple as using a different attribute on my model. In my searching I have not seen a good method to overcome this problem. My end goal would be to have a nice MVC application that heavily leverages JSON for communicating with the server and displaying data. While maintaining a consistant model across layers (or as best as I can come up with).

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• What's the best way to manage reusable classes/libraries separately?

  - by Tom

  When coding, I naturally often come up with classes or a set of classes with a high reusability. I'm looking for an easy, straight-forward way to work on them separately. I'd like to be able to easily integrate them into any project; it also should be possible to switch to a different version with as few commands as possible. Am I right with the assumption that git (or another VCS) is best suited for this? I thought of setting up local repositories for each class/project/library/plugin and then just cloning/pulling them. It would be great if I could reference those projects by name, not by the full path. Like git clone someproject. edit: To clarify, I know what VCS are about and I do use them. I'm just looking for a comfortable way to store and edit some reusable pieces of code (including unit tests) separately and to be able to include them (without the unit tests) in other projects, without having to manually copy files. Apache Maven is a good example, but I'm looking for a language-independent solution, optimally command-line-based.

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• design an extendible and pluggable business logic flow handler in php

  - by Broncha

  I am working on a project where I need to allow a pluggable way to inject business processes in the normal data flow. eg There is an ordering system. The standard flow of the application is A consumer orders an item. Pays for it and card is authorized. Admin captures the payment. Order is marked as complete and item is shipped. But this process may vary (extra steps in between) for different clients. Say a client would need to validate the location of the consumer before he is presented with a credit card form, OR his policies might require some other processes in between. I am thinking of using State Pattern for processing orders, saving the current state of the order in database, and initializing the state of order from the saved state. I would also need some mechanism, where a small plugin would be able to inject business specific states in the state machine. Am I thinking the right way? Are there already implemented patterns for this kind of situation? I am working with Codeigniter and basically this would mean for me, to redirect to proper controller according to the current state of the order. Like, if the state of the order is unconfirmed then redirect the user to details page and then change the state to pending. If some client would need to do some validation, then register an intermediate state between unconfirmed and pending Please suggest.

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• Industry average percentage of dev salary spent on tooling? [on hold]

  - by RationalGeek

  I'm trying to budget for my dev shop and compare our budget items to industry expectations. I'm hoping to find some information on what percentage of a dev's salary is generally spent on tooling, both hardware and software. Where can I find such information? If instead there is a source that looks at raw dollars that is useful, too. I can extrapolate what I need from that. NOTE: Your anecdotal evidence from your own job will not be very helpful. I'm looking for industry average statistics from a credible source.

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