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• How are design-by-contract and property-based testing (QuickCheck) related?

  - by Todd Owen

  Is their only similarity the fact that they are not xUnit (or more precisely, not based on enumerating specific test cases), or is it deeper than that? Property-based testing (using QuickCheck, ScalaCheck, etc) seem well-suited to a functional programming style where side-effects are avoided. On the other hand, Design by Contract (as implemented in Eiffel) is more suited to OOP languages: you can express post-conditions about the effects of methods, not just their return values. But both of them involve testing assertions that are true in general (rather than assertions that should be true for a specific test case). And both can be tested using randomly generated inputs (with QuickCheck this is the only way, whereas with Eiffel I believe it is an optional feature of the AutoTest tool). Is there an umbrella term to encompass both approaches? Or am I imagining a relationship that doesn't really exist.

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• How are undocumented functions discovered?

  - by Paska

  Hi all, I've always wondered how do you find undocumented / private API ? Example the Apple undocumented / private API, Play Station, Windows Phone 7, Win32 Kernel, Windows API, hidden callback, etc... What tools do hackers use to find out about private and undocumented functions? Where can I read about peoples' experiences delving into private APIs and reverse engineering techniques which reveal the secrets which are normally explained in API documentation? thanks, A

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• How do you know when to change jobs? [closed]

  - by dustyprogrammer

  Possible Duplicate: When do you know it's time to move on from your current job? I have been working for a couple years now. I just want to know what people think about leaving one company for another, or to start looking around for other positions. I tend to use people's resumes as a guideline for when to change from one company to another. I am approaching, the time in my life where most of those people I look too, move away from their first position to pursue others. I know that isn't something good to base my decisions on what other do. I was wondering when is it time to move companies. I am currently happy at my position, and I am learning tons. Its just something I have been seeing a lot, I would like to get a feel for what people think. Thanks.

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• Is there a word or description for this type of query?

  - by Nick

  We have the requirement to find a result in a collection of records based on a prioritised set of search criteria against a relational db (I'm talking indexed field matching here rather than text search). The way we are thinking about designing the query is to begin with a highly refined and specific set of criteria. If there are no results for this initial query we want to progressively reduce the criteria one by one in order of reducing priority, querying each time such a less specific set of criteria until we find a result we can accept. Alternatively, we have considered starting with a smaller set of criteria and increasing until we have reduced number of results down to the last set. What I would like to know is if an existing term to describe this type of query exists? So that we can look to model our own on existing patterns and use best practice.

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• Website File and Folder Structure

  - by Drummss

  I am having a problem learning how proper website structure should be. And by that I mean how to code the pages and how folder structure should be. Currently I am navigating around my website using GET variables in PHP when you want go to another page, so I am always loading the index.php file. And I would load the page I wanted like so: $page = "error"; if(isset($_GET["page"]) AND file_exists("pages/".$_GET["page"].".php")) { $page = $_GET["page"]; } elseif(!isset($_GET["page"])) { $page = "home"; } And this: <div id="page"> <?php include("pages/".$page.".php"); ?> </div> The reason I am doing this is because it makes making new pages a lot easier as I don't have to link style sheets and javascript in every file like so: <head> <title> Website Name </title> <link href='http://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Lato:300,400' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css'> <link rel="stylesheet" href="css/style.css" type="text/css"> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="favicon.png"/> <script src="//ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.11.0/jquery.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="//ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jqueryui/1.10.4/jquery-ui.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script> </head> There is a lot of problems doing it this way as URLs don't look normal ("?page=apanel/app") if I am trying to access a page from inside a folder inside the pages folder to prevent clutter. Obviously this is not the only way to go about it and I can't find the proper way to do it because I'm sure websites don't link style sheets in every file as that would be very bad if you changed a file name or needed to add another file you would have to change it in every file. If anyone could tell me how it is actually done or point me towards a tutorial that would be great. Thanks for your time :)

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• How to get around the Circular Reference issue with JSON and Entity

  - by DanScan

  I have been experimenting with creating a website that leverages MVC with JSON for my presentation layer and Entity framework for data model/database. My Issue comes into play with serializing my Model objects into JSON. I am using the code first method to create my database. When doing the code first method a one to many relationship (parent/child) requires the child to have a reference back to the parent. (Example code my be a typo but you get the picture) class parent { public List<child> Children{get;set;} public int Id{get;set;} } class child { public int ParentId{get;set;} [ForeignKey("ParentId")] public parent MyParent{get;set;} public string name{get;set;} } When returning a "parent" object via a JsonResult a circular reference error is thrown because "child" has a property of class parent. I have tried the ScriptIgnore attribute but I lose the ability to look at the child objects. I will need to display information in a parent child view at some point. I have tried to make base classes for both parent and child that do not have a circular reference. Unfortunately when I attempt to send the baseParent and baseChild these are read by the JSON Parser as their derived classes (I am pretty sure this concept is escaping me). Base.baseParent basep = (Base.baseParent)parent; return Json(basep, JsonRequestBehavior.AllowGet); The one solution I have come up with is to create "View" Models. I create simple versions of the database models that do not include the reference to the parent class. These view models each have method to return the Database Version and a constructor that takes the database model as a parameter (viewmodel.name = databasemodel.name). This method seems forced although it works. NOTE:I am posting here because I think this is more discussion worthy. I could leverage a different design pattern to over come this issue or it could be as simple as using a different attribute on my model. In my searching I have not seen a good method to overcome this problem. My end goal would be to have a nice MVC application that heavily leverages JSON for communicating with the server and displaying data. While maintaining a consistant model across layers (or as best as I can come up with).

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• What individual needs to be aware when signing a NDA with client?

  - by doNotCheckMyBlog

  I am very new to IT industry and have no prior experience. However I came into contact with a party who is gear to build a mobile application. But, they want me to sign NDA (No Disclosure Agreement). The definition seems vague, The following definitions apply in this Agreement: Confidential Information means information relating to the online and mobile application concepts discussed and that: (a) is disclosed to the Recipient by or on behalf of XYZ; (b) is acquired by the Recipient directly or indirectly from XYZ; (c) is generated by the Recipient (whether alone or with others); or (d) otherwise comes to the knowledge of the Recipient, When they say otherwise comes to the knowledge of the recipient. Does it mean if I think of any idea from my own creative mind and which is similar to their idea then it would be a breach of this agreement? and also is it okay to tell to include application name in definition as currently to me it sounds like any online of mobile application concept they think I should not disclose it to anybody. "Confidential Information means information relating to the online and mobile application concepts discussed and that:" I am more concerned about this part, Without limiting XYZ’s rights at law, the Recipient agrees to indemnify XYZ in respect of all claims, losses, liabilities, costs or expenses of any kind incurred directly or indirectly as a result of or in connection with a breach by it or any of its officers, employees, or consultants of this Agreement. Is it really common in IT industry to sign this agreement between client and developer? Any particular thing I should be concerned about?

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• Is it appropriate to try to control the order of finalization?

  - by Strilanc

  I'm writing a class which is roughly analogous to a CancellationToken, except it has a third state for "never going to be cancelled". At the moment I'm trying to decide what to do if the 'source' of the token is garbage collected without ever being set. It seems that, intuitively, the source should transition the associated token to the 'never cancelled' state when it is about to be collected. However, this could trigger callbacks who were only kept alive by their linkage from the token. That means what those callbacks reference might now in the process of finalization. Calling them would be bad. In order to "fix" this, I wrote this class: public sealed class GCRoot { private static readonly GCRoot MainRoot = new GCRoot(); private GCRoot _next; private GCRoot _prev; private object _value; private GCRoot() { this._next = this._prev = this; } private GCRoot(GCRoot prev, object value) { this._value = value; this._prev = prev; this._next = prev._next; _prev._next = this; _next._prev = this; } public static GCRoot Root(object value) { return new GCRoot(MainRoot, value); } public void Unroot() { lock (MainRoot) { _next._prev = _prev; _prev._next = _next; this._next = this._prev = this; } } } intending to use it like this: Source() { ... _root = GCRoot.Root(callbacks); } void TransitionToNeverCancelled() { _root.Unlink(); ... } ~Source() { TransitionToNeverCancelled(); } but now I'm troubled. This seems to open the possibility for memory leaks, without actually fixing all cases of sources in limbo. Like, if a source is closed over in one of its own callbacks, then it is rooted by the callback root and so can never be collected. Presumably I should just let my sources be collected without a peep. Or maybe not? Is it ever appropriate to try to control the order of finalization, or is it a giant warning sign?

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• How to create Button/Switch-Like Tile where you can step on it and change its value?

  - by aldroid16

  If the player steps on a Button-Tile when its true, it becomes false. If the player steps on a Button-Tile when it is false, it becomes true. The problem is, when the player stands on (intersects) the Button-Tile, it will keep updating the condition. So, from true, it becomes false. Because its false and the player intersects it, it becomes true again. True-false-true-false and so on. I use ElapsedGameTime to make the updating process slower, and the player can have a chance to change the Button to true or false. However, it's not the solution I was looking for. Is there any other way to make it keep in False/True condition while the Player is standing on the Button tile?

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• Good practices when writing a parser for a standard file format (such as ePub)

  - by J-F L-R

  I am considering writing an Android reader software that can read ePubs and display them. I checked the ePub standard documents. However, these contain a lot of information. So I am wondering what is the process of implementing a standard for a file format. What are the steps to get a working implementation without passing by parts of the standard? Are there any best practices? Also, is it even possible to program this alone in a reasonable time? From what I have already found out, ePub is basically a zip archive. That means I could probably use zlib to decompress it. The content is in XHTML and CSS, so I believe it should be possible to display it in a WebView. The parts that are missing are writing the code that can read the metadata and manage the non-standard XHTML extensions.

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• Centrally managing 100+ websites without bankrupting a small company

  - by palintropos

  I'm mainly interested in opinions on the trade-offs between having a single central server all the websites connect to as opposed to each website mirroring a subset of the master database with all the products in it. For example, will I run into severe performance issues (or even security issues, or restrictions) making queries to an offsite database? Will we hit scalability issues we can't handle early on from the sheer bandwidth required to maintain this? If we do go with something like a script that keeps smaller databases (each containing a subset of the central master data) in sync, what sorts of issues will we likely encounter there? I would really like the opinions of people far more knowledgeable than I am regarding the pros and cons of both setups and what headaches we are likely to encounter. CLARIFICATION: This should not be viewed as a question about whether we should implement one database vs multiple databases. This question has been answered numerous times. The question is regarding the pros and cons for a deployment like this having the ability to manage all the websites centrally (one server) vs trying to keep them all in sync if they each have their own db (multiple servers). REAL-WORLD EXAMPLE: We are a t-shirt company, and we have individual websites for our different kinds of t-shirts, but we're looking at a central order management integrated with our single shopping cart (which is ColdFusion + MySQL). Now, let's say we have a t-shirt that's on 10 of our websites and we change an image for it. Ideally we would change that in one place and the change would propagate, but how would we set this up?

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• What "version naming convention" do you use?

  - by rjstelling

  Are different version naming conventions suited to different projects? What do you use and why? Personally, I prefer a build number in hexadecimal (e.g 11BCF), this should be incremented very regularly. And then for customers a simple 3 digit version number, i.e. 1.1.3. 1.2.3 (11BCF) <- Build number, should correspond with a revision in source control ^ ^ ^ | | | | | +--- Minor bugs, spelling mistakes, etc. | +----- Minor features, major bug fixes, etc. +------- Major version, UX changes, file format changes, etc.

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• Types in Lisp and Scheme

  - by user2054900

  I see now that Racket has types. At first glance it seems to be almost identical to Haskell typing. But is Lisp's CLOS covering some of the space Haskell types cover? Creating a very strict Haskell type and an object in any OO language seems vaguely similar. It's just that I've drunk some of the Haskell kool-aid and I'm totally paranoid that if I go down the Lisp road, I'll be screwed due to dynamic typing.

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• Creating a Application in Winrt that requires Internet

  - by wtsang02

  I am making a paid App for Windows 8, c#. I am wondering which is better? If my application doesn't need internet connection normally but does requires internet connection for the first time to download content data. --Makes my life easier Load the default data when installing. Then ask the user if he wants to update in app. -- Making the default data will be pain. Now my big question is, is it safe to assume user has access to internet now-a-days when using application that shouldn't require internet?

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• Programming for Digital frames

  - by spartan2417

  A project has recently come to my attention but i have no idea where to start or even if its possible. The idea revolves around programming a clock that is displayed inside a digital photo frame. The user would then be able to put different pictures corresponding to different times inside a usb pen for example, which would load as soon as you put the usb in. The project itself would be a really neat project - if it was just on a computer. I have no idea if what im talking about it even possible on a digital photo frame and if it is what language? Anyone who has any input at all would be great. My current idea is to maybe have a small device at the back, SSD, that runs the program through a screen, completely by passing standard digital photo frames, again though i dont know how to begin with this. And yes ive tried google (although it helps to know what to google).

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• For an ORM supporting data validation, should constraints be enforced in the database as well?

  - by Ramnique Singh

  I have always applied constraints at the database level in addition to my (ActiveRecord) models. But I've been wondering if this is really required? A little background I recently had to unit test a basic automated timestamp generation method for a model. Normally, the test would create an instance of the model and save it without validation. But there are other required fields that aren't nullable at the in the table definition, meaning I cant save the instance even if I skip the ActiveRecord validation. So I'm thinking if I should remove such constraints from the db itself, and let the ORM handle them? Possible advantages if I skip constraints in db, imo - Can modify a validation rule in the model, without having to migrate the database. Can skip validation in testing. Possible disadvantage? If its possible that ORM validation fails or is bypassed, howsoever, the database does not check for constraints. What do you think? EDIT In this case, I'm using the Yii Framework, which generates the model from the database, hence database rules are generated also (though I could always write them post-generation myself too).

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• is it possible to get a programming job in the bay area?

  - by user475119

  Is it my perception or is it reality that it is harder to get software development work in Silicon Valley, than in other population centers? My theory is that some of the best and brightest (and youngest) are all here. All working for the top tech companies. And, little ol' me, over 40, math degree (not at Standford or Berkeley), ok at algorithms, and with many skills with many programming tools and concepts, but not published, and not top my class has a bit of a tough time competing. (I'm a Python programmer, by the way.) Thanks

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• TDD, new tests while old ones not implemented yet

  - by liori

  I am experimenting with test-driven development, and I found that I often come to a following situation: I write tests for some functionality X. Those tests fail. While trying to implement X, I see that I need to implement some feature Y in a lower layer of my code. So... I write tests for Y. Now both tests for X and Y fail. Once I had 4 features in different layers of code being worked on at the same time, and I was losing my focus on what I am actually doing (too many tests failing at the same time). I think I could solve this by putting more effort into planning my tasks even before I start writing tests. But in some cases I didn't know that I will need to go deeper, because e.g. I didn't know the API of lower layer very well. What should I do in such cases? Does TDD have any recommendations?

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• Do you know any studies on relation of productivity of a programmer and the workstation used?

  - by Tomasz Blachowicz

  I was wondering if there are any studies (formal or not-so-formal) that show correlation between a developer productivity and the workstation used to develop software. It is often heard as argument that the high spec workstations increase the productivity (or the low spec machines impact productivity to the greater extent). To me it sound reasonable, however I'd like to verify the statement with some studies if such exists. Can you help me with that?

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• How do I Export to excel on aspx page?

  - by meltdownmonk

  I am trying to take data that I request from an access database and put it into and excel file on the client computer. I usually use ajax to request a summary of the data I need. It is formatted into an html table. I need that table to be in an excel format for the user to download. What I have tried already is to use the vb.net code to open excel and silently save the data to a file, however I realized it's the sever side that opens excel, not the client side, in my locally testing of the code, excel would open on my machine and create the file. When running this on the network, I realized excel isn't on the server, I am not sure if I should just install it, or try and steam the file.

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• Reporter seeking comments on computer science education [closed]

  - by user63982

  I'm a reporter doing a story for a tech website on computer science education, the need for software engineers, and the proficiency of new engineer hires. I would love to chat or exchange emails with anyone on this site who has an opinion on cs education and whether it did or did not prepare them for a job, and the pluses and minuses of the theoretical vs. the practical. I saw 1051's post and its comments and would love to connect with the poster and any of the commenters. Or anyone else with an opinion. I look forward to hearing from you. Thank you.

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• Windows Azure HPC Scheduler Architecture

  - by Churianov Roman

  So far I've found very little information on the scheduling policy, resource management policy of Azure HPC Scheduler. I would appreciate any kind of information regarding some of these questions: What scheduling policy does a Head Node use to scatter jobs to Compute Nodes? Does Azure Scheduler use prior information about the jobs (compute time, memory demands ...) ? If 'yes', how it gets this information? Does Azure Scheduler split a job into several parallel jobs on one Compute node? Does it have any protection from Compute Node failures? (what it does when a compute node stops responding) Does it support addition/subtraction of Compute nodes? Is it possible to cancel a job? P.S. I'm aware of the MSDN resource Windows Azure HPC Scheduler. I found only information of how to use this Scheduler but almost nothing about how it works inside.

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• Upgrading an app to support iOS5, 6 and 7

  - by drekka

  We are looking at an app that needs an upgrade. Currently it runs on iOS4, 5 & 6. The upgrade will move to iOS5, 6 & 7. It will also involve some UI changes and new features. I've been reading stuff on iOS7 and looking at things like auto-layout. What we are trying to figure out is the best way to handle the differences between the various iOS versions. Auto-layout seems like a good idea, but it's not available on iOS 5. There are also API changes to consider between all 3 versions and other new features of iOS7. So the questions: How would you handle auto layout given iOS5 does not have it? Are there any significant differences between the SDKs that you think would cause issues? Would we be better off with separate code bases?

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• Is ROA a specific form of doing SOA?

  - by JohnDoDo

  I have read somewhere that ROA (Resource Oriented Architecture) is SOA (Service Oriented Architecture) with specific constraints added. SOA is the abstract concept of combining discrete pieces of software and ROA is an implementation of SOA with all of the constraints of RESTful services applied to it: SOA = the concept ROA = the concept + specific implementation details I also had my share of posts saying that ROA is different than SOA, then simply fallback to statements like "ROA is REST" and "SOA is SOAP" and presenting the same more or less pertinent comparisons and differences between SOAP and REST. So just to clear up my confusion: Is ROA a specific form of doing SOA?

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• OO Software Architecture - base class that everything inherits from. Bad/good idea?

  - by ale

  I am reviewing a proposed OO software architecture that looks like this: Base Foo Something Bar SomethingElse Where Base is a static class. My immediate thought was that every object in any class will inherit all the methods in Base which would create a large object. Could this cause problems for a large system? The whole architecture is hierarchical.. the 'tree' is much bigger than this really. Does this sort of architecture have a name (hierarchical?!). What are the known pros and cons?

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