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  • Can I trigger PHP garbage collection to happen automatically if I have circular references?

    - by Beau Simensen
    I seem to recall a way to setup the __destruct for a class in such a way that it would ensure that circular references would be cleaned up as soon as the outside object falls out of scope. However, the simple test I built seems to indicate that this is not behaving as I had expected/hoped. Is there a way to setup my classes in such a way that PHP would clean them up correctly when the outermost object falls out of scope? I am not looking for alternate ways to write this code, I am looking for whether or not this can be done, and if so, how? I generally try to avoid these types of circular references where possible. class Bar { private $foo; public function __construct($foo) { $this->foo = $foo; } public function __destruct() { print "[destroying bar]\n"; unset($this->foo); } } class Foo { private $bar; public function __construct() { $this->bar = new Bar($this); } public function __destruct() { print "[destroying foo]\n"; unset($this->bar); } } function testGarbageCollection() { $foo = new Foo(); } for ( $i = 0; $i < 25; $i++ ) { echo memory_get_usage() . "\n"; testGarbageCollection(); } The output looks like this: 60440 61504 62036 62564 63092 63620 [ destroying foo ] [ destroying bar ] [ destroying foo ] [ destroying bar ] [ destroying foo ] [ destroying bar ] [ destroying foo ] [ destroying bar ] [ destroying foo ] [ destroying bar ] What I had hoped for: 60440 [ destorying foo ] [ destorying bar ] 60440 [ destorying foo ] [ destorying bar ] 60440 [ destorying foo ] [ destorying bar ] 60440 [ destorying foo ] [ destorying bar ] 60440 [ destorying foo ] [ destorying bar ] 60440 [ destorying foo ] [ destorying bar ]

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  • Getting all new messages from a Maildir in python

    - by Jesper
    I have a mail dir: foo@foo:~/Maildir$ ls -l total 288 drwx------ 2 foo foo 155648 2010-04-19 15:19 cur -rw------- 1 foo foo 440 2010-03-20 08:50 dovecot.index.log -rw------- 1 foo foo 112 2010-03-20 08:49 dovecot-uidlist -rw------- 1 foo foo 8 2010-03-20 08:49 dovecot-uidvalidity -rw------- 1 foo foo 0 2010-03-20 08:49 dovecot-uidvalidity.4ba48c0e drwx------ 2 foo foo 114688 2010-04-19 16:07 new drwx------ 2 foo foo 4096 2010-04-19 16:07 tmp And in python I'm trying to get all new messages (Python 2.6.5rc2). First, getting "Maildir" works: >>> import mailbox >>> md = mailbox.Maildir('/home/foo/Maildir') >>> md.iterkeys().next() '1269924477.Vfc01I4249fM708004.foo' But how do I access "Maildir/new"? This does not work: >>> md = mailbox.Maildir('/home/foo/Maildir/new') >>> md.iterkeys().next() Traceback (most recent call last): File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> File "/usr/lib/python2.6/mailbox.py", line 346, in iterkeys self._refresh() File "/usr/lib/python2.6/mailbox.py", line 467, in _refresh for entry in os.listdir(subdir_path): OSError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: '/home/foo/Maildir/new/new' >>> Any ideas?

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  • MySQL "ERROR 1005 (HY000): Can't create table 'foo.#sql-12c_4' (errno: 150)"

    - by Ankur Banerjee
    Hi, I was working on creating some tables in database foo, but every time I end up with errno 150 regarding the foreign key. Firstly, here's my code for creating tables: CREATE TABLE Clients ( client_id CHAR(10) NOT NULL , client_name CHAR(50) NOT NULL , provisional_license_num CHAR(50) NOT NULL , client_address CHAR(50) NULL , client_city CHAR(50) NULL , client_county CHAR(50) NULL , client_zip CHAR(10) NULL , client_phone INT NULL , client_email CHAR(255) NULL , client_dob DATETIME NULL , test_attempts INT NULL ); CREATE TABLE Applications ( application_id CHAR(10) NOT NULL , office_id INT NOT NULL , client_id CHAR(10) NOT NULL , instructor_id CHAR(10) NOT NULL , car_id CHAR(10) NOT NULL , application_date DATETIME NULL ); CREATE TABLE Instructors ( instructor_id CHAR(10) NOT NULL , office_id INT NOT NULL , instructor_name CHAR(50) NOT NULL , instructor_address CHAR(50) NULL , instructor_city CHAR(50) NULL , instructor_county CHAR(50) NULL , instructor_zip CHAR(10) NULL , instructor_phone INT NULL , instructor_email CHAR(255) NULL , instructor_dob DATETIME NULL , lessons_given INT NULL ); CREATE TABLE Cars ( car_id CHAR(10) NOT NULL , office_id INT NOT NULL , engine_serial_num CHAR(10) NULL , registration_num CHAR(10) NULL , car_make CHAR(50) NULL , car_model CHAR(50) NULL ); CREATE TABLE Offices ( office_id INT NOT NULL , office_address CHAR(50) NULL , office_city CHAR(50) NULL , office_County CHAR(50) NULL , office_zip CHAR(10) NULL , office_phone INT NULL , office_email CHAR(255) NULL ); CREATE TABLE Lessons ( lesson_num INT NOT NULL , client_id CHAR(10) NOT NULL , date DATETIME NOT NULL , time DATETIME NOT NULL , milegage_used DECIMAL(5, 2) NULL , progress CHAR(50) NULL ); CREATE TABLE DrivingTests ( test_num INT NOT NULL , client_id CHAR(10) NOT NULL , test_date DATETIME NOT NULL , seat_num INT NOT NULL , score INT NULL , test_notes CHAR(255) NULL ); ALTER TABLE Clients ADD PRIMARY KEY (client_id); ALTER TABLE Applications ADD PRIMARY KEY (application_id); ALTER TABLE Instructors ADD PRIMARY KEY (instructor_id); ALTER TABLE Offices ADD PRIMARY KEY (office_id); ALTER TABLE Lessons ADD PRIMARY KEY (lesson_num); ALTER TABLE DrivingTests ADD PRIMARY KEY (test_num); ALTER TABLE Applications ADD CONSTRAINT FK_Applications_Offices FOREIGN KEY (office_id) REFERENCES Offices (office_id); ALTER TABLE Applications ADD CONSTRAINT FK_Applications_Clients FOREIGN KEY (client_id) REFERENCES Clients (client_id); ALTER TABLE Applications ADD CONSTRAINT FK_Applications_Instructors FOREIGN KEY (instructor_id) REFERENCES Instructors (instructor_id); ALTER TABLE Applications ADD CONSTRAINT FK_Applications_Cars FOREIGN KEY (car_id) REFERENCES Cars (car_id); ALTER TABLE Lessons ADD CONSTRAINT FK_Lessons_Clients FOREIGN KEY (client_id) REFERENCES Clients (client_id); ALTER TABLE Cars ADD CONSTRAINT FK_Cars_Offices FOREIGN KEY (office_id) REFERENCES Offices (office_id); ALTER TABLE Clients ADD CONSTRAINT FK_DrivingTests_Clients FOREIGN KEY (client_id) REFERENCES Clients (client_id); These are the errors that I get: mysql> ALTER TABLE Applications ADD CONSTRAINT FK_Applications_Cars FOREIGN KEY (car_id) REFERENCES Cars (car_id); ERROR 1005 (HY000): Can't create table 'foo.#sql-12c_4' (errno: 150) I ran SHOW ENGINE INNODB STATUS which gives a more detailed error description: ------------------------ LATEST FOREIGN KEY ERROR ------------------------ 100509 20:59:49 Error in foreign key constraint of table practice9/#sql-12c_4: FOREIGN KEY (car_id) REFERENCES Cars (car_id): Cannot find an index in the referenced table where the referenced columns appear as the first columns, or column types in the table and the referenced table do not match for constraint. Note that the internal storage type of ENUM and SET changed in tables created with >= InnoDB-4.1.12, and such columns in old tables cannot be referenced by such columns in new tables. See http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.1/en/innodb-foreign-key-constraints.html for correct foreign key definition. ------------ I searched around on StackOverflow and elsewhere online - came across a helpful blog post here with pointers on how to resolve this error - but I can't figure out what's going wrong. Any help would be appreciated!

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  • Case Order by using Null

    - by molgan
    Hello I have the following test-code: CREATE TABLE #Foo (Foo int) INSERT INTO #Foo SELECT 4 INSERT INTO #Foo SELECT NULL INSERT INTO #Foo SELECT 2 INSERT INTO #Foo SELECT 5 INSERT INTO #Foo SELECT 1 SELECT * FROM #Foo ORDER BY CASE WHEN Foo IS NULL THEN Foo DESC ELSE Foo END DROP TABLE #Foo I'm trying to produce the following output: 1 2 3 4 5 NULL "If null then put it last" How is that done using Sql 2005 /M

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  • python factory function best practices

    - by Jason S
    Suppose I have a file foo.py containing a class Foo: class Foo(object): def __init__(self, data): ... Now I want to add a function that creates a Foo object in a certain way from raw source data. Should I put it as a static method in Foo or as another separate function? class Foo(object): def __init__(self, data): ... # option 1: @staticmethod def fromSourceData(sourceData): return Foo(processData(sourceData)) # option 2: def makeFoo(sourceData): return Foo(processData(sourceData)) I don't know whether it's more important to be convenient for users: foo1 = foo.makeFoo(sourceData) or whether it's more important to maintain clear coupling between the method and the class: foo1 = foo.Foo.fromSourceData(sourceData)

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  • Courier Maildrop error user unknown. Command output: Invalid user specified

    - by cad
    Hello I have a problem with maildrop. I have read dozens of webs/howto/emails but couldnt solve it. My objective is moving automatically spam messages to a spam folder. My email server is working perfectly. It marks spam in subject and headers using spamassasin. My box has: Ubuntu 9.04 Web: Apache2 + Php5 + MySQL MTA: Postfix 2.5.5 + SpamAssasin + virtual users using mysql IMAP: Courier 0.61.2 + Courier AuthLib WebMail: SquirrelMail I have read that I could use Squirrelmail directly (not a good idea), procmail or maildrop. As I already have maildrop in the box (from courier) I have configured the server to use maildrop (added an entry in transport table for a virtual domain). I found this error in email: This is the mail system at host foo.net I'm sorry to have to inform you that your message could not be delivered to one or more recipients. It's attached below. For further assistance, please send mail to postmaster. If you do so, please include this problem report. You can delete your own text from the attached returned message. The mail system <[email protected]>: user unknown. Command output: Invalid user specified. Final-Recipient: rfc822; [email protected] Action: failed Status: 5.1.1 Diagnostic-Code: x-unix; Invalid user specified. ---------- Forwarded message ---------- From: test <[email protected]> To: [email protected] Date: Sat, 1 May 2010 19:49:57 +0100 Subject: fail fail An this in the logs May 1 18:50:18 foo.net postfix/smtpd[14638]: connect from mail-bw0-f212.google.com[209.85.218.212] May 1 18:50:19 foo.net postfix/smtpd[14638]: 8A9E9DC23F: client=mail-bw0-f212.google.com[209.85.218.212] May 1 18:50:19 foo.net postfix/cleanup[14643]: 8A9E9DC23F: message-id=<[email protected]> May 1 18:50:19 foo.net postfix/qmgr[14628]: 8A9E9DC23F: from=<[email protected]>, size=1858, nrcpt=1 (queue active) May 1 18:50:23 foo.net postfix/pickup[14627]: 1D4B4DC2AA: uid=5002 from=<[email protected]> May 1 18:50:23 foo.net postfix/cleanup[14643]: 1D4B4DC2AA: message-id=<[email protected]> May 1 18:50:23 foo.net postfix/pipe[14644]: 8A9E9DC23F: to=<[email protected]>, relay=spamassassin, delay=3.8, delays=0.55/0.02/0/3.2, dsn=2.0.0, status=sent (delivered via spamassassin service) May 1 18:50:23 foo.net postfix/qmgr[14628]: 8A9E9DC23F: removed May 1 18:50:23 foo.net postfix/qmgr[14628]: 1D4B4DC2AA: from=<[email protected]>, size=2173, nrcpt=1 (queue active) **May 1 18:50:23 foo.netpostfix/pipe[14648]: 1D4B4DC2AA: to=<[email protected]>, relay=maildrop, delay=0.22, delays=0.06/0.01/0/0.15, dsn=5.1.1, status=bounced (user unknown. Command output: Invalid user specified. )** May 1 18:50:23 foo.net postfix/cleanup[14643]: 4C2BFDC240: message-id=<[email protected]> May 1 18:50:23 foo.net postfix/qmgr[14628]: 4C2BFDC240: from=<>, size=3822, nrcpt=1 (queue active) May 1 18:50:23 foo.net postfix/bounce[14651]: 1D4B4DC2AA: sender non-delivery notification: 4C2BFDC240 May 1 18:50:23 foo.net postfix/qmgr[14628]: 1D4B4DC2AA: removed May 1 18:50:24 foo.net postfix/smtp[14653]: 4C2BFDC240: to=<[email protected]>, relay=gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com[209.85.211.97]:25, delay=0.91, delays=0.02/0.03/0.12/0.74, dsn=2.0.0, status=sent (250 2.0.0 OK 1272739824 37si5422420ywh.59) May 1 18:50:24 foo.net postfix/qmgr[14628]: 4C2BFDC240: removed My config files: http://lar3d.net/main.cf (/etc/postfix) http://lar3d.net/master.c (/etc/postfix) http://lar3d.net/local.cf (/etc/spamassasin) http://lar3d.net/maildroprc (maildroprc) If I change master.cf line (as suggested here) maildrop unix - n n - - pipe flags=DRhu user=vmail argv=/usr/lib/courier/bin/maildrop -d ${recipient} with maildrop unix - n n - - pipe flags=DRhu user=vmail argv=/usr/lib/courier/bin/maildrop -d vmail ${recipient} I get the email in /home/vmail/MailDir instead of the correct dir (/home/vmail/foo.net/info/.SPAM ) After reading a lot I have some guess but not sure. - Maybe I have to install userdb? - Maybe is something related with mysql, but everything is working ok - If I try with procmail I will face same problem... - What are flags DRhu for? Couldnt find doc about them - In some places I found maildrop line with more parameters flags=DRhu user=vmail argv=/usr/lib/courier/bin/maildrop -d $ ${recipient} ${extension} ${recipient} ${user} ${nexthop} ${sender} I am really lost. Dont know how to continue. If you have any idea or need another config file please let me know. Thanks!!!

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  • Is it possible to specify a generic constraint for a type parameter to be convertible FROM another t

    - by fostandy
    Suppose I write a library with the following: public class Bar { /* ... */ } public class SomeWeirdClass<T> where T : ??? { public T BarMaker(Bar b) { // ... play with b T t = (T)b return (T) b; } } Later, I expect users to use my library by defining their own types which are convertible to Bar and using the SomeWeirdClass 'factory'. public class Foo { public static explicit operator Foo(Bar f) { return new Bar(); } } public class Demo { public static void demo() { Bar b = new Bar(); SomeWeirdClass<Foo> weird = new SomeWeirdClass<Foo>(); Foo f = weird.BarMaker(b); } } this will compile if i set where T : Foo but the problem is that I don't know about Foo at the library's compile time, and I actually want something more like where T : some class that can be instantiated, given a Bar Is this possible? From my limited knowledge it does not seem to be, but the ingenuity of the .NET framework and its users always surprises me... This may or not be related to the idea of static interface methods - at least, I can see the value in being able to specify the presence of factory methods to create objects (similar to the same way that you can already perform where T : new()) edit: Solution - thanks to Nick and bzIm - For other readers I'll provide a completed solution as I understand it: edit2: This solution requires Foo to expose a public default constructor. For an even stupider better solution that does not require this see the very bottom of this post. public class Bar {} public class SomeWeirdClass<T> where T : IConvertibleFromBar<T>, new() { public T BarMaker(Bar b) { T t = new T(); t.Convert(b); return t; } } public interface IConvertibleFromBar<T> { T Convert(Bar b); } public class Foo : IConvertibleFromBar<Foo> { public static explicit operator Foo(Bar f) { return null; } public Foo Convert(Bar b) { return (Foo) b; } } public class Demo { public static void demo() { Bar b = new Bar(); SomeWeirdClass<Foo> weird = new SomeWeirdClass<Foo>(); Foo f = weird.BarMaker(b); } } edit2: Solution 2: Create a type convertor factory to use: #region library defined code public class Bar {} public class SomeWeirdClass<T, TFactory> where TFactory : IConvertorFactory<Bar, T>, new() { private static TFactory convertor = new TFactory(); public T BarMaker(Bar b) { return convertor.Convert(b); } } public interface IConvertorFactory<TFrom, TTo> { TTo Convert(TFrom from); } #endregion #region user defined code public class BarToFooConvertor : IConvertorFactory<Bar, Foo> { public Foo Convert(Bar from) { return (Foo) from; } } public class Foo { public Foo(int a) {} public static explicit operator Foo(Bar f) { return null; } public Foo Convert(Bar b) { return (Foo) b; } } #endregion public class Demo { public static void demo() { Bar b = new Bar(); SomeWeirdClass<Foo, BarToFooConvertor> weird = new SomeWeirdClass<Foo, BarToFooConvertor>(); Foo f = weird.BarMaker(b); } }

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  • Is it possible to specify a generic constraint for a type parameter to be convertible FROM another t

    - by fostandy
    Suppose I write a library with the following: public class Bar { /* ... */ } public class SomeWeirdClass<T> where T : ??? { public T BarMaker(Bar b) { // ... play with b T t = (T)b return (T) b; } } Later, I expect users to use my library by defining their own types which are convertible to Bar and using the SomeWeirdClass 'factory'. public class Foo { public static explicit operator Foo(Bar f) { return new Bar(); } } public class Demo { public static void demo() { Bar b = new Bar(); SomeWeirdClass<Foo> weird = new SomeWeirdClass<Foo>(); Foo f = weird.BarMaker(b); } } this will compile if i set where T : Foo but the problem is that I don't know about Foo at the library's compile time, and I actually want something more like where T : some class that can be instantiated, given a Bar Is this possible? From my limited knowledge it does not seem to be, but the ingenuity of the .NET framework and its users always surprises me... This may or not be related to the idea of static interface methods - at least, I can see the value in being able to specify the presence of factory methods to create objects (similar to the same way that you can already perform where T : new()) edit: Solution - thanks to Nick and bzIm - For other readers I'll provide a completed solution as I understand it: edit2: This solution requires Foo to expose a public default constructor. For an even stupider better solution that does not require this see the very bottom of this post. public class Bar {} public class SomeWeirdClass<T> where T : IConvertibleFromBar<T>, new() { public T BarMaker(Bar b) { T t = new T(); t.Convert(b); return t; } } public interface IConvertibleFromBar<T> { T Convert(Bar b); } public class Foo : IConvertibleFromBar<Foo> { public static explicit operator Foo(Bar f) { return null; } public Foo Convert(Bar b) { return (Foo) b; } } public class Demo { public static void demo() { Bar b = new Bar(); SomeWeirdClass<Foo> weird = new SomeWeirdClass<Foo>(); Foo f = weird.BarMaker(b); } } edit2: Solution 2: Create a type convertor factory to use: #region library defined code public class Bar {} public class SomeWeirdClass<T, TFactory> where TFactory : IConvertorFactory<Bar, T>, new() { private static TFactory convertor = new TFactory(); public T BarMaker(Bar b) { return convertor.Convert(b); } } public interface IConvertorFactory<TFrom, TTo> { TTo Convert(TFrom from); } #endregion #region user defined code public class BarToFooConvertor : IConvertorFactory<Bar, Foo> { public Foo Convert(Bar from) { return (Foo) from; } } public class Foo { public Foo(int a) {} public static explicit operator Foo(Bar f) { return null; } public Foo Convert(Bar b) { return (Foo) b; } } #endregion public class Demo { public static void demo() { Bar b = new Bar(); SomeWeirdClass<Foo, BarToFooConvertor> weird = new SomeWeirdClass<Foo, BarToFooConvertor>(); Foo f = weird.BarMaker(b); } }

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  • Windows Server 2003/Exchange 2007: How to setup public domain mail.foo.com to route to internal exch

    - by ryan.keeter
    Good day, I have an internal Exchange Server 2007 and a Windows Server 2003 domain. At this point in time I have an external DNS setup (DynDNS 29.95 service) to resolve foo.com to my singular public IP address then it gets routed to external facing site. I would like to know how to setup POP on mail.foo.com and SMTP on smtp.foo.com, and more importantly, what needs to be setup in Exchange server to allow for this to happen. My end state is to send email through smtp.foo.com and receive mail on mail.foo.com. As of now, when I create a user within Exchange the default email address is [email protected], and I would like it to be [email protected]. Thank you and I appreciate the help as I am a .NET developer trying to do sys admin work, and it is MUCH harder than I have ever imagined, my hat is off to all sys admins and IT pros.

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  • AngularJS service returning promise unit test gives error No more request expected

    - by softweave
    I want to test a service (Bar) that invokes another service (Foo) and returns a promise. The test is currently failing with this error: Error: Unexpected request: GET foo.json No more request expected Here are the service definitions: // Foo service returns new objects having get function returning a promise angular.module('foo', []). factory('Foo', ['$http', function ($http) { function FooFactory(config) { var Foo = function (config) { angular.extend(this, config); }; Foo.prototype = { get: function (url, params, successFn, errorFn) { successFn = successFn || function (response) {}; errorFn = errorFn || function (response) {}; return $http.get(url, {}).then(successFn, errorFn); } }; return new Foo(config); }; return FooFactory; }]); // Bar service uses Foo service angular.module('bar', ['foo']). factory('Bar', ['Foo', function (Foo) { var foo = Foo(); return { getCurrentTime: function () { return foo.get('foo.json', {}, function (response) { return Date.parse(response.data.now); }); } }; }]); Here is my current test: 'use strict'; describe('bar tests', function () { var currentTime, currentTimeInMs, $q, $rootScope, mockFoo, mockFooFactory, Foo, Bar, now; currentTime = "March 26, 2014 13:10 UTC"; currentTimeInMs = Date.parse(currentTime); beforeEach(function () { // stub out enough of Foo to satisfy Bar service: // create mock object with function get: function(url, params, successFn, errorFn) // that promises to return a response with this property // { data: { now: "March 26, 2014 13:10 UTC" }}) mockFoo = { get: function (url, params, successFn, errorFn) { successFn = successFn || function (response) {}; errorFn = errorFn || function (response) {}; // setup deferred promise var deferred = $q.defer(); deferred.resolve({data: { now: currentTime }}); return (deferred.promise).then(successFn, errorFn); } }; // create mock Foo service mockFooFactory = function(config) { return mockFoo; }; module(function ($provide) { $provide.value('Foo', mockFooFactory); }); module('bar'); inject(function (_$q_, _$rootScope_, _Foo_, _Bar_) { $q = _$q_; $rootScope = _$rootScope_; Foo = _Foo_; Bar = _Bar_; }); }); it('getCurrentTime should return currentTimeInMs', function () { Bar.getCurrentTime().then(function (serverCurrentTime) { now = serverCurrentTime; }); $rootScope.$apply(); // resolve Bar promise expect(now).toEqual(currentTimeInMs); }); }); The error is being thrown at $rootScope.$apply(). I also tried using $rootScope.$digest(), but it gives the same error. Thanks in advance for any insight you can give me.

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  • Forcing Kernel::method_name to be called in Ruby

    - by Peter
    I want to add a foo method to Ruby's Kernel module, so I can write foo(obj) anywhere and have it do something to obj. Sometimes I want a class to override foo, so I do this: module Kernel private # important; this is what Ruby does for commands like 'puts', etc. def foo x if x.respond_to? :foo x.foo # use overwritten method. else # do something to x. end end end this is good, and works. but, what if I want to use the default Kernel::foo in some other object that overwrites foo? Since I've got an instance method foo, I've lost the original binding to Kernel::foo. class Bar def foo # override behaviour of Kernel::foo for Bar objects. foo(3) # calls Bar::foo, not the desired call of Kernel::foo. Kernel::foo(3) # can't call Kernel::foo because it's private. # question: how do I call Kernel::foo on 3? end end Is there any clean way to get around this? I'd rather not have two different names, and I definitely don't want to make Kernel::foo public.

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  • How to call a generic method with an anonymous type involving generics?

    - by Alex Black
    I've got this code that works: def testTypeSpecialization = { class Foo[T] def add[T](obj: Foo[T]): Foo[T] = obj def addInt[X <% Foo[Int]](obj: X): X = { add(obj) obj } val foo = addInt(new Foo[Int] { def someMethod: String = "Hello world" }) assert(true) } But, I'd like to write it like this: def testTypeSpecialization = { class Foo[T] def add[X, T <% Foo[X](obj: T): T = obj val foo = add(new Foo[Int] { def someMethod: String = "Hello world" }) assert(true) } This second one fails to compile: no implicit argument matching parameter type (Foo[Int]{ ... }) = Foo[Nothing] was found. Basically: I'd like to create a new anonymous class/instance on the fly (e.g. new Foo[Int] { ... } ), and pass it into an "add" method which will add it to a list, and then return it The key thing here is that the variable from "val foo = " I'd like its type to be the anonymous class, not Foo[Int], since it adds methods (someMethod in this example) Any ideas? I think the 2nd one fails because the type Int is being erased. I can apparently 'hint' the compiler like this: def testTypeSpecialization = { class Foo[T] def add[X, T <% Foo[X]](dummy: X, obj: T): T = obj val foo = add(2, new Foo[Int] { def someMethod: String = "Hello world" }) assert(true) }

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  • What is the "x = x || {}" technique in JavaScript - and how does it affect this IIFE?

    - by Micky Hulse
    First, a pseudo code example: ;(function(foo){ foo.init = function(baz) { ... } foo.other = function() { ... } return foo; }(window.FOO = window.FOO || {})); Called like so: FOO.init(); My question: What is the technical name/description of: window.FOO = window.FOO || {}? I understand what the code does... See below for my reason(s) for asking. Reason for asking: I'm calling the passed in global like so: ;(function(foo){ ... foo vs. FOO, anyone else potentially confused? ... }(window.FOO = window.FOO || {})); ... but I just don't like calling that lowercase "foo", considering that the global is called capitalized FOO... It just seems confusing. If I knew the technical name of this technique, I could say: ;(function(technicalname){ ... do something with technicalname, not to be confused with FOO ... }(window.FOO = window.FOO || {})); I've seen a recent (awesome) example where they called it "exports": ;(function(exports){ ... }(window.Lib = window.Lib || {})); I guess I'm just trying to standardize my coding conventions... I'd like to learn what the pros do and how they think (that's why I'm asking here)!

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  • Class Loading Deadlocks

    - by tomas.nilsson
    Mattis follows up on his previous post with one more expose on Class Loading Deadlocks As I wrote in a previous post, the class loading mechanism in Java is very powerful. There are many advanced techniques you can use, and when used wrongly you can get into all sorts of trouble. But one of the sneakiest deadlocks you can run into when it comes to class loading doesn't require any home made class loaders or anything. All you need is classes depending on each other, and some bad luck. First of all, here are some basic facts about class loading: 1) If a thread needs to use a class that is not yet loaded, it will try to load that class 2) If another thread is already loading the class, the first thread will wait for the other thread to finish the loading 3) During the loading of a class, one thing that happens is that the <clinit method of a class is being run 4) The <clinit method initializes all static fields, and runs any static blocks in the class. Take the following class for example: class Foo { static Bar bar = new Bar(); static { System.out.println("Loading Foo"); } } The first time a thread needs to use the Foo class, the class will be initialized. The <clinit method will run, creating a new Bar object and printing "Loading Foo" But what happens if the Bar object has never been used before either? Well, then we will need to load that class as well, calling the Bar <clinit method as we go. Can you start to see the potential problem here? A hint is in fact #2 above. What if another thread is currently loading class Bar? The thread loading class Foo will have to wait for that thread to finish loading. But what happens if the <clinit method of class Bar tries to initialize a Foo object? That thread will have to wait for the first thread, and there we have the deadlock. Thread one is waiting for thread two to initialize class Bar, thread two is waiting for thread one to initialize class Foo. All that is needed for a class loading deadlock is static cross dependencies between two classes (and a multi threaded environment): class Foo { static Bar b = new Bar(); } class Bar { static Foo f = new Foo(); } If two threads cause these classes to be loaded at exactly the same time, we will have a deadlock. So, how do you avoid this? Well, one way is of course to not have these circular (static) dependencies. On the other hand, it can be very hard to detect these, and sometimes your design may depend on it. What you can do in that case is to make sure that the classes are first loaded single threadedly, for example during an initialization phase of your application. The following program shows this kind of deadlock. To help bad luck on the way, I added a one second sleep in the static block of the classes to trigger the unlucky timing. Notice that if you uncomment the "//Foo f = new Foo();" line in the main method, the class will be loaded single threadedly, and the program will terminate as it should. public class ClassLoadingDeadlock { // Start two threads. The first will instansiate a Foo object, // the second one will instansiate a Bar object. public static void main(String[] arg) { // Uncomment next line to stop the deadlock // Foo f = new Foo(); new Thread(new FooUser()).start(); new Thread(new BarUser()).start(); } } class FooUser implements Runnable { public void run() { System.out.println("FooUser causing class Foo to be loaded"); Foo f = new Foo(); System.out.println("FooUser done"); } } class BarUser implements Runnable { public void run() { System.out.println("BarUser causing class Bar to be loaded"); Bar b = new Bar(); System.out.println("BarUser done"); } } class Foo { static { // We are deadlock prone even without this sleep... // The sleep just makes us more deterministic try { Thread.sleep(1000); } catch(InterruptedException e) {} } static Bar b = new Bar(); } class Bar { static { try { Thread.sleep(1000); } catch(InterruptedException e) {} } static Foo f = new Foo(); }

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  • git pull gives error: 401 Authorization Required while accessing https://git.foo.com/bar.git

    - by spuder
    My macbook pro is able to clone/push/pull from the company git server. My cent 6.3 vm gets a 401 error git clone https://git.acme.com/git/torque-setup "error: The requested URL returned error: 401 Authorization Required while accessing https://git.acme.com/git/torque-setup/info/refs As a work around, I've tried creating a folder, with an empty repository, then setting the remote to the company server. I get the same error when trying a git pull The remotes are identical between the machines MacBook Pro (working) git --version git version 1.7.10.2 (Apple Git-33) git remote -v origin https://git.acme.com/git/torque-setup (fetch) origin https://git.acme.com/git/torque-setup (push) Cent 6.3 (not working) yum install -y git git --version git version 1.7.1 git remote -v origin https://git.acme.com/git/torque-setup (fetch) origin https://git.acme.com/git/torque-setup (push) The git server only allows https. Not git or ssh connections. Why is the macbook pro able to do a git pull, while the cent os machine can't? Solution Update 2013-5-15 As jku mentioned, the culprit is the old version of git installed on the cent box. Unfortunately, 1.7.1 is what you get when you run yum install git The work around is to manually install a newer version of git, or simply add the username to the repo git clone https://[email protected]/git/torque-setup

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  • ASP.Net error: “The type ‘foo’ exists in both ”temp1.dll“ and ”temp2.dll" (pt 2)

    - by Greg
    I'm experiencing the same problem as in this question, but none of the answers fixed my problem. (edit: Setting the web.config batch attribute works, but that's a coverup, not a solution) The problem I'm having is with a User Control that I moved from the root directory to a subdirectory within the same Web Application project. It used to work fine before I moved it. When I moved it it started giving me the error message. It's saying that the class name exists in two dll files in Temporary ASP.NET Files. Sure enough, when I open Reflector, it's in two dlls. If I rename the class and ascx file, everything works fine. No usages of the original name exist within any of the files in my entire application. When I rename the file, I opened all of the dll files in Temporary ASP.NET Files with Reflector, and no references to the original class name exists. So where's this phantom reference coming from how can I fix this?

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  • Error when creating a new entity foo, editing a previously existing foo, then saving. Generic 4004 e

    - by Tarks
    The steps are as simple as that so I imagine there's something else going on here, the problem is I just get back 4004, no exception anywhere etc, making it annoying to debug, I get this from the ie error window Microsoft JScript runtime error: Unhandled Error in Silverlight Application Code: 4004 Category: ManagedRuntimeError Message: System.Windows.Ria.DomainOperationException: Submit operation failed. An error occurred while updating the entries. See the inner exception for details. at System.Windows.Ria.OperationBase.Complete(Exception error) at System.Windows.Ria.SubmitOperation.Complete(Exception error) at System.Windows.Ria.DomainContext.CompleteSubmitChanges(IAsyncResult asyncResult) at System.Windows.Ria.DomainContext.<c_DisplayClassd.b_5(Object ) public void TurnPage(bool forward) { TurnPageForward = forward; // If the pages are already turning then don't try and skip days, just run the animation function so it inreases the speed if (!workBook.IsTransitioning && !IsWaitingForData) { IsWaitingForData = true; workBook.SnapshotPages(); NoteCtx.SubmitChanges().Completed += (s, a) => { workBook.ClearPageContents(); CurrentDate = CurrentDate.AddDays(forward ? 1 : -1); PullNotes(CurrentDate); }; } else { workBook.BeginTurnPages(TurnPageForward); } } public void PullNotes(DateTime? noteTime) { NoteCtx.NoteItems.Clear(); var loadOp = NoteCtx.Load(NoteCtx.GetNoteItemsForDayQuery(CurrentDate)); loadOp.Completed += new EventHandler(NotesReady); }

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  • Action "foo/foobar" does not exist error in Symfony

    - by morpheous
    I am saving pictures under my web folder in the folder: web/media/photo In the template that displays the photo, I have the following snippet: <?php echo link_to(image_tag('media/photo/filename.jpg', '@some_url); ?> When I display the view, although the photo is displayed correctly and the link works, I get the following error in my php_errors.log file: Action "media/photo" does not exist. Why is symfony trying to parse the path to the image as a url? Does anyone know how to fix this?

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  • Caller property of JS for "foo = function()" style of coding

    - by arvind
    I want to use the property of "caller" for a function which is defined here It works fine for this style of function declaration function g() { alert(g.caller.name) // f } function f() { alert(f.caller.name) // undefined g() } f() JSfiddle for this But then my function declaration is something like g = function() { alert(g.caller.name) // expected f, getting undefined } f = function() { alert("calling f") alert(f.caller.name) // undefined g() } f() and I am getting undefined (basically not getting anything) JSfiddle for this Is there any way that I can use the caller property without having to rewrite my code? Also, I hope I have not made any mistakes in usage and function declaration since I am quite new to using JS.

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  • mod_rewrite: redirect from subdomain to main domain

    - by Bald
    I have two domains - domain.com and forum.domain.com that points to the same directory. I'd like redirect all request from forum.domain.com to domain.com (for example: forum.domain.com/foo to domain.com/forum/foo) without changing address in addres bar (hidden redirect). I wrote something like this and put it into .htaccess file: Options +FollowSymlinks RewriteEngine on RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^forum\.example\.net$ RewriteRule (.*) http://example.com/forum/$1 [L] RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-s [NC] RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d [NC] RewriteRule ^(.+) index.php/$1 [L] That works only if I add Redirect directive: RewriteRule (.*) http://example.com/forum/$1 [R,L] But it changes previous address in address bar. EDIT: Ok, let's make it simple. I added those two lines at the end of the c:\windows\system32\drivers\etc\hosts on my local computer: 127.0.0.3 foo.net 127.0.0.3 forum.foo.net Now, I created two virtual hosts: <VirtualHost foo.net:80> ServerAdmin [email protected] ServerName foo.net DocumentRoot "C:/usr/src/foo" </VirtualHost> <VirtualHost forum.foo.net:80> ServerAdmin [email protected] ServerName forum.foo.net DocumentRoot "C:/usr/src/foo" </VirtualHost> ..and directory called "foo", where i put two files: .htaccess and index.php. Index.php: <?php echo $_SERVER['PATH_INFO']; ?> .htaccess: Options +FollowSymlinks RewriteEngine on RewriteBase / RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^forum\.foo\.net$ RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !^/forum/ RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-s [NC] RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d [NC] RewriteRule ^(.+)$ /index.php/forum/$1 [L] RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} !^forum\.foo\.net$ RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-s [NC] RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d [NC] RewriteRule ^(.+) index.php/$1 [L] When I type address http://forum.foo.net/test in address bar, it displays /forum/test which is good. http://foo.net/a/b/c shows /a/b/c which is good. But! http://forum.foo.net/ displays empty value (should display /forum).

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  • Trying to limit IMAP folders/mailboxes my iPhone/iPad sees

    - by QuantumMechanic
    (Note: I am using dovecot 1.0.10 on Ubuntu 8.04.4 LTS. Yes, I know I need to upgrade before next year :) (Note: The SMTP/IMAP server in question only serves my family, so there's only a very few users. Certainly what I propose below, even it it works, would be a logistical nightmare with any significant number of users). I have noticed (and have confirmed via google) that the iOS mail app is terrible in its handling of IMAP subscriptions, namespaces, etc. For example, my iPhone and iPad will see EVERYTHING (all mailboxes, folders, etc.), whereas clients like Thunderbird, alpine, etc. only see what I tell them to see. This makes it an incredible pain to move mail between mailboxes because I have to scroll through a gazillion things. The mail_location in dovecot.conf is: mail_location = mbox:%h/Mail/:INBOX=/var/mail/%u To get around this, I've been considering doing the following for user foo: Create a dovecot userdb with a foo-ios virtual user in it, whose UID is identical to that of the real (in /etc/passwd) foo user and with a homedir of /home/foo-ios. ln -s /var/mail/foo /var/mail/foo-ios mkdir -p /home/foo-ios/Mail cd /home/foo-ios/Mail ln -s /home/foo/Mail/mailbox-i-want-visible mailbox-i-want-visible Make symlinks for the rest of limited set of mailboxes/folders I want visible to the iOS mail app. chown -R foo:foo /home/foo-ios Change iOS mail app settings to log in as user foo-ios instead of user foo. Will this work or will there be some index/file corruption hell because there will be two sets of indexes (one set living in /home/foo/Mail/.imap and other set living in /home/foo-ios/Mail/.imap) indexing the same underlying mbox files? And I'd be more than happy to hear of a better way to do this with dovecot! (Or to hear that dovecot 2.x works better with iOS devices).

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  • Where does "foo" come from in coding examples? [closed]

    - by ThePower
    Possible Duplicates: Using “Foo” and “Bar” in examples To foo bar, or not to foo bar: that is the question. Possible Duplicates: Using "Foo" and "Bar" in examples To foo bar, or not to foo bar: that is the question. Bit of a general question here, but it's something I would like to know! Whenever I am looking for resolutions to my C# problems online, I always come across "foo" being used as an example. Does this represent anything or is it just one of those unexplained catchy object names, used by many people in examples?

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